TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRUdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH. SO 29, THANG 3 NAM 2018
GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TU CONG TAI HUYEN VUNG LIEM, TINH VINH LONG
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE PUBLIC INVESTMENT EFFICIECY AT VUNG LIEM DISTRICT. VINH LONG PROVINCE
N g u y d n V a n N g u y e n ^ T r a n V u P h o n g ^
Tom tat - Ddu tu cdng Id hoat ddng ddu tU cua Nhd nUdc nham phiic vu nhu cdu cua xd hgi, vi 101 ich chung cua cdng dong. Nghiin cdu ddu tu cdng dupe trien khai dudi gdc dp ngdnh kinh te ma ngudn von ddu tu cong tdc dpng. Bang phUOng phdp thong ke md td vd s& dung chi tieu lliv{GO)> nghien cdu dUdc diing deddnh gid hieu qud kinh te cua ngudn vdn ddu tU cho tiing ngdnh kinh te vd todn bd tien kinh te. Nghiin cdu cho thay ddu tU cdng d huyin VOng Liim tii ndm 2012 den 2016 chu yeu tgp trung dau tu cho xdy difng kit cdu ha tdng, ki din Id ngdnh ndng nghiip nhung hiiu qud ddu tU chUa tiidng xiing, trdi Uu cdng nghiep - tieu thd cdng nghiip, thupng mai - dich vu chua dupe quan tdm ddu tU dtmg mdc nhiing hieu qud ddu tu mang lpi khd cao vd tUdng ddi dn dinh. Nguyin nhdn la do thieu sU tap trung nguon lUc ddu tii, qud trinh dau tu ddn trdi, manh mun, chiia tim dupe khdu ddt phd trong tiing ngdnh, linh vitc. Qua dd, khang dinh ddu tu cong d Vung Liim dii cd hiiu qud nhi^g cdn nhieu han che can khac phuc. Ket qud nghien ctiu Id tham chieu hdu ich cho viic xdc dinh khdu dpt phd vd de ra gidi phdp thiet thUc nMm ndng cao hieu qud ddu tU cdng tai huyen.
Tic khda: Diu tti cong, hiiu qud diu tti cong, huyen VUng Liem.
Abstract - Public investment is the State's investment activity to serve the society needs and community benefits. The public investment research has been carried out in terms of the
'Vien Phat tri^n Ngu6n Wc. Tnfttag Dai hoc Tra Vinh Email: nguyenvannguyenrdi @tvu.edu.vn
^Ban To chiic HuySn uy huyen Vung Lifim, tinh Vinh Long
Ngay nh|n bai: 28/12/2017; Ngay nhan ket qu5 binh duyet: 02/3/2018; Ngay chap nhSn dang: 11/4/2018
economic sectors, in which public investment funds have effect. By using ihe statistical method and Hi.u{^Qo), this study evaluated the economic efficiency of investment capital for each eco- nomic sector and the economy as a whole. The study found that public investment in Vung Liem district from 2012 to 2016 mainly focused on infrastructure construction, followed by agricul- ture, but the investment efficiency was not inad- equate. On the contrary, the industries - small handicrafts, trades and services have not been properly invested but the investment efficiency was quite high and relatively stable. This is due to the lack of focus on investment resources the, investment process spreading and scattering, not found breakthrough in each sector. This shows that public investment in Vung Liem is effective, but there are many limitations to overcome. Re- search results are useful references for defining breakthroughs and practical solutions to improve the district's public investment efficiency.
Keywords: Public investment, public invest- ment efficiency, Vung Liem district.
I. D A T VAN D E
D I U to cdng la linh vtic nghien cflu thu hflt sti quan tam cfla nhilu nha khoa hpc cung nhti cac nha hoach (Jinh chinh sach. Cd nhieu gdc dd nghien ctiu boat ddng d l u tti cdng nhti tfieo ddng vdn, ddng dti an hay nganh kinh t l . Nghien cflu se tilp can d l u to cdng theo gdc dp ngaitii kinh te ma ngudn vdn dau to cdng tac ddng, vi hai li do: (1) T^nh d i n thdi fiem nay, tten dia ban tfnh Vinh Long ndi chung, huydn Vung Liem ndi rieng, chtia cd mdt nghien ctiu nao ^ sau danh gia hieu qua dau to cdng dfldi gdc dp nganh kinh t l , day la fi^m mdi ttong nghien cflu. (2) D l u
TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRlTdNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 6 29. THANG 3 NAM 2018 KlNHlt-XAHOt
to edng vdi muc fich cudi cung la phuc vu phat tiien kinh te - xa hdi, ttong dd lao filu kien nin tang de thuc day sfl phai ttien kinh tl - xa hdi la ttpng tara, cung la chfl trtidng, quan fiem cfla Dang va Nha nfldc.
Huyen Vung Lidm la mdt ttong tam ddn vi hanh chfnh tiiudc tinh Vinh Long, cd fien tfch tiJ nhien 309,57 km^, loan huydn cd 20 xa - tin ttan, dan sd 161.604 ngtidi, gan 80% hd dan sdng bang nghl ttdng Ifla va vtidn c ^ an ttai, cdn lai kinh doanh thtidng mai, mua ban nhd va nganh nghe khac [1]. Trong nhflng nam qua, huyen da dtidc sti quan tam hd ttd, dau to cfla Nha nfldc, cac cap chfnh quyln bang nhieu hinh thflc, gdp phan lam thay ddi bd mat cfla fia phtidng, dac biet la sti cai thidn dang ke ve kit ciu ha tang phuc vu phat ttien kinh te-xa hdi va eudc sdng itiian dan tflng btidc dtidc nang len. Vdi nhflng ngudn dau tfl xSy dflng ndng thdn mdi, phat trien dd tlti, ttong dd day manh dlu tfl x§.y dflng kit cau ha tang kinh te - xa hdi ddng bp, dam bao hieu qua tdng hdp, tt'nh kit ndi he thdng la mdt ttong cac khau ddt pha ma Dai hdi dai bieu Dang bp huyen Vflng Liem lan thfl XI da xac (3inh din nam 2025.
TUy nhidn, hien nay, vdi chi dao cua Chfnh phfl vl cat giam dlu W cdng, dlu to cd muc tieu va ttong filu kidn ngSn sach cfla huyen con nhilu khd khan, cung vdi cdng tac huy ddng cac to chflc, ca nhan va dSn cti dong gdp vao dau to cdng cfla huyen cdn nhilu han chl, thi viec sfl dung ngudn vdn dlu to cdng de diau tfl vao dSu, nganh, linh vUc nao cho dat Itieu qua cao la rat quan ttpng nham vfla dam bao cac muc tidu phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi, vfla nang cao chat Ifldng cuoc song nhSn dan. Bai vilt nay nham muc tfdu trinh bay kit qua nghien cflu ttdn cd sd phSn tfch kei qai, hidu qua dau tu cdng t£ii huyen Vung Liem, tfnh Vinh Long giai doan 2012 - 2016, day chfnh la cd sd khoa hpc cho viec de ra cac giai p h ^ nang cao hieu qua dlu to cdng tai huyen din nam 2025.
n. T 6 N G QUAN NGHlfiN CtfU Nghign cflu dlu tfl cdng tiieo gdc dd dau to cho phat ttien cac nganh ttong nen kinh tl nhfl dau to cho phat tiien ndng nghiep; cdng nghiep - tieu tiifl cdng nghidp; x^y dflng; tiitidng mai - dich vu va dau to phat trien chung cac nganh kinh tl
(bao gdm dau to cho quy hoach, xay dting ai sd ha tang, ngudn nhSn Itic, dich vu cdng). Nhom tac gia da sfl dung he sd Hiv^ao) (mflc tang gia tri san xuat so vdi toan bd vdn dau to phat tri^
phat huy tac dung trong Id nghien ctiu) di danh gia hieu qua kinh tl cua dau to cdng; danh gia hidu qua xa hdi cua dlu to cdng qua ti le h6 ngheo va thu nhap binh quSn dlu ngtidi [2]. "Riy nhien, nghidn cflu chfla dtia ra dtidc kh&u ddt pha ttong tflng nganh, linh vtic de t ^ trung ngudn liic dlu to, cung nhti de xuat giai phap dau ra cho san pham nganh ndng nghidp dang gap nhieu kho khan.
vdn dlu to phan theo nganh kinh tl cung dOiSc thd hidn ttong cac nghien ctiu [3], [4] gdm v6n dau to cho nganh ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep vii dich vu. Cac nghidn cflu phan tfch hidu (jua dlu to cdng theo dong dti an dlu to thdng qua he sS ICOR. Thy nhien, d d p huydn ihi viec sfl dung hf sd ICOR de ti'nh hieu qui dlu to cdng la khong cd cd sd ti'nh toan, vi lien quan din chi tieu GDP.
Nhin chung, cac cdng trinh nghidn cflu da giup lam rd hdn vin dl vl hidu qua dlu to cdng noi chung va dlu to tfl ng^n sach nha ntfdc ndi rieng.
Cac cdng tiinh chfl yeu sfl dung phtidng phap finh tinh, tfidng kd md ta va phan ti'ch tdng hc^
ddng thdi danh gia dtidc nlueu khi'a canh ci^a hieu qua ma dau to cdng mang lai cho phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi. Nghien cflu nay se IK tiifia md.
hinh nghien cflu cua [2]-[4] toe la ndi dung dan to cdng bao gdm dlu tfl cho phat triln chung va bdn ngattii kinh tl la nong nghidp - lam nghifip - thuy san, cdng nghiep - tieu thfl cdng nghiSp, x^
dflng, thtidng mai - dich vu (Hinh 1); sfl dung S tidu Hiv(GO) ^ phan tfch, danh gia hidu qua dlu to cua tflng nganh kinh tl va toan bo nin kinh le cua huyen. Ddng thdi, qua phan tfch, danh gia tinh hinh va kit qua, hieu qui dlu to, nghidn ciio se dc xuit khau dot pha dau to cho tflng nganh kinh tl de nang cao hieu qua dlu to cdng.
Nghien cflu ndi dung dlu to cdng bao gom nghidn cflu Ifldng vdn dau to cdng, phan bo ngudn dlu to flieo linh vflc dau to, kit qua thtfc hien cac boat (Kng dlu to va hidu qua kinh te tfl ngudn vdn dau tfl.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC TRUONG B ^ I HpC TRA VINH. s 6 29, THANG 3 NAM 2018 KINH T^ - XA HOI
DSu tit cho nganh ndng nghiap — lam
ngjudp — tiniy san
E)autu
cho nganh tfniong Diutu cho phat triln chung
Sau to cho nganh cdng nghidp - Tieu
tiiti craig nghiep
Dlutu cho nganh xiy dung Hinh 1: Ndi dung dlu M cdng
m. PHUONG PHAP NGHlfiNCLfU :A. Phudng phdp thu thdp thdng tin ' Thdng tin thfl cap thu tiiap chu ylu tii bao
•cao, ke hoach, nghi quylt cua Hdi ddng NhSn idSn, Uy ban Nhan dSn huyen Vung Uem va cac 'nganh chuyen mdn; nien giam thdng ke huyen 'Vung Liem... Ben canh do, nghien cflu cdn dung iphfldng phap chuyen gia, thu thaip y kiln danh gia cua nhflng ngtidi dai fidn ttong cac linh vtic jUghien cflu de xac dinh muc tieu, finh htidng va I giai phap nang cao hieu qua dau to cdng, giup
|Cho qua trinh nghidn ctiu giam tiidi gian va cdng
B. PhUdng phdp phdn tich thdng tin Dl danh gia hidu qua dau to cdng cho cac nganh kinh tl huydn va loan bd nin kinh tl, nghidn cflu dung chi tieu H;„(GO)- ^^y 1^ chi tieu thtidng dung dd danh gia hieu ^ a kinh te cua hoat dong dau to d cip dp nganh, fia phtidng va toan bd nen kinh te.
Hiv{GO) = ^GO/I^PHTD [5]
Trong dd:
- AGO: Gia tti san xuit tang tiidm ttong ki nghien cflu cua nganh, dia phfldng.
- IvPHTD'. vdn dlu to phat huy tac dung ttong ki nghien cflu cua nganh, fia phtidng.
Chi tieu Hj^[Go) cho bilt mdt ddn vi vdn dlu tfl phat huy lac dung ttong ki nghidn cflu da tao ra dtidc bao nhieu ddn vi mflc tang gia tri san xuit ttong Id nghidn cflu cho cac nganh, (£a phtfdng.
IV. i d T QUA NGHlfiN CLfU VA
THAO L U A N
A. ThUc trang von dau m cdng tai huyen VUng Liem
Trong nhflng nam qua, dlu to dtidc danh gia la nhSn td rit quan ttpng, quylt (Enh mtic dd tang trtidng kinh tl, giam ngheo d Vidt Nam ndi chung va huyen Vung liem ndi rieng. Cd ciu vdn dlu to phan theo ngudn dlu to (Bang 1) cho thiy:
vdn dau to to ngan sach nha ntidc chilm tf Id rat cao, tH 97,87% den 98,79% so vdi ldng vdn dlu to va cd xu htidng giara dan qua tong nam; vdn gdp dan cti, td chtic, ca nhan ddng gdp chilm to 0,82% din 1,52% so vdi tdng vdn dau to va cd xu hfldng tang len; vdn nfldc ngoai chiem tf le nhd to 0,35% den 0,77% va khdng deu. Nhin chung, ngudn vdn dau to cong cfla huyen cd chuyen bien tfch ctic, tf le vdn dau to to ngan sach nha ntidc dang giam din, tf Id vdn dau to ngoai ngSn sach nha nfldc cd xu htidng tang, chting td viec huy ddng cac ngudn Ifle phuc vu dau to cdng cJang phat huy hidu qua, dieu nay hoan loan phu hdp vdi xu till phat tiiin va chfl ttfldng cat giam dau to cdng cua Chinh phfl.
Cd ciu vdn dau to cdng phan theo ngaidi kinh tl (Bang 2) cho thiy; vdn dau to cho nganh xay dflng rit ldn, chilm Ifl 54,7 - 64,4% so vdi tdng vdn dlu to; kl den la vdn dlu to cho phai ttien chung cac nganh kinh tl chilm tfl 17,7 - 23,9%
so tdng vdn dau to; tilp theo vdn dau to phan cho cac nganh ndng nghidp - lam nghidp - thuy san chilm tfl 4,9 - 10,8%, cdng nghiep - tfeu thu cdng nghiep chiem 4,6 - 5,7%, thtidng mai - (iich vu chiem 3,7 - 5,8% so vdi tdng vdn dku to. Qua
TAP e r a KHOA HOC TRUCNG DAI HOC TRA VINH. S 6 29, THANG 3 NAM 2018 KlNHl^-XAHOl
Bang 1: Vdn dlu to cdng phan tfieo ngudn dlu to
Dcfn vi ti'nh: Trieu dong
Chi Ueu Tfing y&a 1. V6D ngan sadi nha nitdc
O) ciu (%) 2. Von dan cU, td chiic gdp
Cd ciu (%) 3. Voa nifdc ngoai
CO cau (%)
Nam 2012
257.237 254.130 98,79 2.200 0,86 907 0,35
2013 253.950 230.300 98,56 2.637 1,04 1.013 0,34
2014 234.276 230,557 98,41 1.927 0,82 1792 0,76
2015 292.260 287.000 98,2 3.019 1,03 2.241 0,77
2016 275.877 270.000 97,87 4.200 1,52 1.677 0,61
(Ngudn: So lieu tH Phdng Tdi chinh - Ke hogch huyin VUng Uem)
day cho tiiay vdn dlu til cdng phan bd chtia hdp U, ttong dd danh nhilu ngudn vdn cho nganh xSy dting, tiu tien dlu to cho nganh ndng nghiep - lara nghiep - tiiu^ san, nhting chtia quan tara dlu tfl cho nganh cdng nghiep - tidu tiifl cdng nghidp va thtidng mai - dich vu ndn anh hfldng den qua ttinh chuyen fich cd cau kinh tl cua huyen.
B. ThUc trgng ddu tU cdng tgi huyin VQng Liim 1) Ddu tu cho phdt trien chung cia nSn kinh te: Cdng tac cpiy hoach dfldc (]uan tam dau to do cac dja phfldng quy hoach xay dting xa ndng tiidn mdi, dd till va ra soat, filu chinh, bo sung cho phu hdp. Unh vtic van hda, the due - the thao, thdng tin lidn lac, ctiu t£(i xa hdi va boat ddng cpng (3dng, an ninh ttat tti giti mtic vdn todng (3di dn finh, nham dam bao thdng tin hdn lac thdng sudt va rdng khap, chinh sach an sinh xa hdi dtidc cham lo, mdi trUdng chinh iri - xa hdi dn finh, tao ddng Itic phai triln kinh le. Thtic te dau tti cho giao due - dao tao, d^y nghe, y tl cdn nang dlu to cd sd vat chat, chat Itidng ngudn nhan Itic cdn thap so vdi mat bang chung cua tfnh. Khoa hpc cdng nghe cd vai ttd hit sflc quan ttpng cho phat tridn kinh tl nhflng chfla dtidc dau to dung mtic, todng tti vdi vdn cho bao ve mdi trtidng, huydn cin dau to tiiich dang hdn cho hai linh vtic nay, dam bao cho nen kinh tl phat tnin bin vflng.
2) Hiiu qud ddu tu cdng cho phdt trien cdc ngdnh kinh te: Kit qua danh gia hidu qua dau to cdng tai huyen Vung Liera d tflng nganh kinh tl (Bang 3) cho thiy mdt sd tiu fiem, haji chl va nguydn nhan han chl nhti sau:
- Dau tu cho ngdnh ndng nghiip - ldm nghiap - thiiy Sim
Nam 2013 - 2015, cac citi tieu H,^(GO)>0 cho thay, ngudn vdn dau to cdng dat hidu qua Mnh ^ va gia tri san xuat nam sau cao hdn nam tntdc, dac biet tang ddt biln vao nam 2014, dat 1,11 lln; nlu tfnh theo mtic dlu to thi nam 2014 cao hdn chut ft so vdi nam 2013 va thap hdn nhieu so vdi nam 2015 nhflng itidu qua mang lai rit cao.
Thitc tl, cac nam 2014 - 2015, huydn dang quylt liet trien khai tiitic hidn de an tai cd ciu nganh nong nghidp, md rdng md hinh canh ddng mau ldn nang cao gia tri san xuit; xay dting cac mo hinh luan canh cay mau nhti bap lai, d^u nanh tten dat rudng cd hieu qua; btidi da xanh, sau rieng, cam sanh dtidc mua va gia ca dn dinh;
ngtidi chan nudi, dac bidt chan nudi bo co Id nhuan cao do ngudn cung ttong ntidc chfla dam bao. Nam 2012 va 2016, ngudn dlu to khdng dat hidu qua HJ„(GO)<0. filu nay xiy ra la do gia tri san xuat nam 2012 giam so vdi nam 2011 va nam 2016 giam so vdi nam 2015. Nguyen nh§n la nam 2012 gia Ifla giam d vu ddng xuSn va he tiiu, vu fliu ^ n g tiidi tilt fliay ddi bat fliUdng ndn Inh htidng din nang suat, san bldng; rifing nam 2016, do dat han, man xay ra ddt ngdt lE anh htidng din nang suit, sin Ifldng lua, mdt so loai cay an ttai d Thanh Binh, Qudi Thi6n bi ngSp man nen chit din, fliidt hai todng d&i 1^
ve idnh tl, lam cho gia tti san xuat toan nganh giam. Mpt fiem nfla lam anh htfdng din hieu qua dlu to cdng cho nganh la vdn dlu to cho khuyen ndng, khuyin ngfl cdn it; gia ca hang hoa nong san bap benh; ki thuat phdng, tii benh tten c5y
CHt KHOA HQC TRUdNG Dftl HQC T R A VINH, s 6 29, THANG 3 NAM 201 g KINHTfe-XAHOl
Bang 2: Vdn dau to cdng phan ttieo nganh kinh te giai doan 2012-2016
Ddn V) t(nh: Tn^u dong
Ciu deu T^Dg vSn 1 Diu tiT chung So tong von (%) 2 NN - LN - TS So tdng von (%) 3 CN - TTCN So tdag v6n (%) 4. Xay dUng So ldng v6n (%)
5. TM - DV So long von (%)
Nam 2012
257.237 57.344 22.3 12.491
4,9 12.093
4.7 165.702
64,4 9.607 3.7
2013 253.950 54.138 21,3 15.556
6.1 11.741
4.6 161.056
63,4 11.459
4,5 2014 234.276
50.218 21,4 16.127
6,9 13.456
5,7 141.693
60,5 12.782
5,5 2015 292.260
51804 17,7 27 066
9.3 13.767
4,7 182.732
62,5 16 891
5.8 2016 275.877
71.943 23,9 29-794
lO.S 14.579
5,3 150.831
54,7 14.730
5.3
(Ngudn: Tinh todn tU so lieu cua Phong TC - KH huyin VUng Liem)
Bang 3: Hieu qua dlu to cdng cho cac nganh kinh tl huyen Vung Liem
O i i s& Ddn vi tmh 1. Nginh nSng nghiep - li
GO A G O tvPHTD H[u(GO)
TWeu dong Trieu d6ug Trieu dong L ^ 2. Nginh c6ng nghiep - u
GO A ( J O UJPHTD Hiu(GO)
Tnf u d6ng Theu dong Tn€u dong Lan
Nam
2012 2013
m nghiap - thu^ s ^ 3.528926
-29.288 12.491 -2.34 J thil cong n
259,885 11.445 12,093 0,95
3.543 175 14.249 15.556 0,92 ghiep
271 970 12.085 11741 1,03
2014
3 561.016 17.841 16.127
.,..
287.368 15.398 13 456 1.14
2015
3.589 433 28.417 27.072 1,05
300104 12.736 13.767 0.93
2016
3.572 554 -16.879 29794 -0,57
311.405 11.301 14.579 0,78 3. Nganh xSy dUng
GO A G O
^vPHTD Hl„(GO)
Trieu dong Tneu shag TriSu dong Lan 4. Nganh tht/dng m ^ — dit
GO A G O I T - F H T D Hl„(GO)
Trieu dong Triau d ^ Tri^u dong
L k 32.323 3.325 165 702
0.02
349.712 8.015 9.607 0.83
45.038 12.715 161 056 0.08
368.597 18 885 11459 1.65
49.207 4,169 141.693
0.03
380.462 11.865 12.782 0,93
68.719 19 512 182.732 0.11
400,780 20 318 16.891 1,20
91.680 22 961 150.831 0,15
413.998 13.218 14.730 0.89
(Ngudn: so lieu Niin gidm thong ke vd Phong TC — KH huyin VUng Liim)
TAP CHl KHOA HQC TRlfdNG D^I H{?C TRA VINH, sO 29, THANG 3
ttdng, vat nudi cdn ban che; tinh ttang san xuat nhd le, manh radn filn ra phd bien... ^
- Dau M cho ngdnh cdng nghiep - tieu ihu cdng nghiep
Dlu to cdng cho phat tiien nganh cdng nghiep - tieu thu cdng nghiep dat hidu qua kha, gia tti san xuit tang qua tong nam H;„(GO)>0' ^^ hiet H;„(GO) tang cao nhat nam 2014 dat 1,14 lan.
Mac du duy tti dtidc ehilu tang gia tti san xuit ttong sudt giai doan 2012 - 2016 nhting mtic tang dang giam, ttong khi ngudn vdn dlu to cdng cho nganh tang din, cho flily hieu qua sfl dung vdn chfla tiiat hieu qua. Vdn dlu to ^ t trpng tam chfl ylu vao xfl li rac va cung cap nfldc (gan 92% vdn dau to vao nam 2016) va san xuit - phan phdi fien nang (8% vdn dau to) nhflng lai fltilu tap trung cho linh vtic cd gia tii gia tang cao nhti cdng nghiep che biln. Nhti vSy, dau to cong cho cdng nghiep - tfeu flifl cdng nghidp mang lai hidu qua kinh ll rit dang kliich Id, mang lai ldi fch kinh te dai han va cung la xu till tit ylu cua tiln trinh edng nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa. Ttiy nhien, viec chpn linh vtic, khSu dot pha de dau to sao cho hidu qua cao nhat va bao dam phat tiien dai han van chtia dtidc quan t ^ dung mflc va loan fien, viec quy hoach va dau to xay dflng ngudn nguyen lieu lai chd phuc vu san xuat cdng nghiep la vin de cdn bd ngd; cac loai gd, tte, nfla, la dfla nfldc trong tti nhidn rit ldn, nhting vide dau to de hinh thanh linh vtic chl biln san pham to ngudn nguydn Udu nay chtia dtidc quan tSm; vdn dlu to cho cdng tac khuyin cdng ft, nhit la (]|u to cho edng lac day nghl tieu thfl cdng nghidp do cd sd vat chit, nhan Itic giang day chtia dam bao.
- Dau tu cho ngdnh xdy dUng
Hidu qua dlu to cdng cho nganh xSy dting, clii tfeu H,^(Go)>0 cho ca giai doan 2012 - 2016, gia tri sin xuit cfla nganh xay dflng tang din cpia cac nam va dai hieu qua ldn nhit nam 2016.
Dilu nay do Ifldng vdn nam 2016 giam so nam 2015 nhflng chi tfgu Hi„(Go) vSn tang 0,04 lln, mdt mat cho thiy cac cdng trinh x^y dting nhiJng nam trtidc din nam 2016 da phat huy hidu qui dau to. TUy nhien, hidu qua dau to cho nganh xay dting tflng nam ttong giai doan 2012 - 2016, vdi chi tieu Hi„(Go) 1 ^ lAdt la 0,02; 0,08; 0,03; Q,U;
0,15, nhin chung la chfla cao, chfla todng xflng vdi von dau to bo ra. Mdt sd nguydn nhan co thd fliay dtidc: (1) Do qua trinh dlu to dan ttai va
khdng toan ttiu nghiem Iflc quy hoach xay dyng, tiiiiu tSp tiling cho cac cdng trinh, dfl an ttong fiem, bflc thiet nhat d (^a phfldng, nen ngudn lUc bi ph^n tan, sfl dung kem hieu qua; (2) Trinh dp, nang Iflc dpi ngu can bd tam cdng tac quan li cdng ttinh, dti an dlu tfl cdn han che; (3) Cong tac quan If va giam sat hoat ddng dau tti cua cac cd quan quan H chtia phat huy hieu qua.
- Dau tu cho ngdnh thUdng mgi - dich vu Chl tieu Hi„(Go) cho tiiay dau to cho flnldng mai - dich vu mang lai hidu qua cao, tnmg binh tfl nam 2012 - 2016 mdt ddng vdn bd ra dlu M tlti thu vl 1,1 lln mflc tang cfla gia tti san xuat kinh doanh nganh thfldng mai - dich vu cao nhat ttong tat ca cac nganh cfla fia phfldng. Kit qua nay d^t dti(Jc do vide dau to vao linh vtic xuc lien thtidng mai (hdn 39% vdn dlu to) va dlu to phat trien eac loai hinh chd (14% vdn dlu to). Ben canh dd, cdn phai ke din tac ddng cua hoat ddng dau to cho giai quylt viec lam trong nhflng nam qua. Vl vSy, dlu to cho phat ttien thfldng mai - dich vu la hfldng di phu hdp nham nang cao gia tti san xuat cho nin kinh ^ . Ttiy vay, tiitidng mai - dich vu phat ttien vin chfla todng xflng vdi tilm nang cua huyen do cac hoat ddng xuc tien thUdng mai thilu tfnh chu ddng; quy hoach phat tti^n he thdng chd cdn nhieu bit cap, chd Ifl phat vSn con nay sinh; mdi lien kit gifla san xuat va thtfdng mai cdn yeu, vai ttd cfla Nha ntfdc ttong mdi liSn kit nay h ^ chl; cac dich vu cdt loi ttong phat trien kinh tl nhfl djch vu van tai, bflu (Mnh - viln Ihdng phai tridn chSm, quy md nhd nhflng chfla cd chfnh sach hd ttd kip thdi.
3) Hiiu qud kinh tS cua ngudn von ddu tii cdng: Xem xet hidu qua dau to cdng d Bang 4 de nhin tdng quan vl hidu qui dlu tfl doi vdi phat trien kinh tl cua huydn dtidi gdc dp kinh ll. Ddng vdn dlu to cdng (3a phat huy hidu qua, tile hien d chi tieu H;„(GO}>0 cho ca giai doan 2012 - 2016 nhting nhieu bien ddng. Hieu qua
dau to cao nhat nam 2015 vdi H(„(GO) ^^ ^^^''
flilp nhit nam 2016 do Hlv(GO) chi dat 0,11 va vdn dau to cao hdn cac nam 2012, 2013, 2014.
Nhin chung, hieu qua dlu M cdng cho nen Idnh tl huydn nhti vSy la chfla cao, chtia todng xiJng vdi vdn dlu to, rat cin nhflng giai phap dlu tJ hieu qua hdn.
TAP CSd KHOA HOC T R U 6 N G Dftl HQC T R A VINH, s 6 29, THANG 3 N A M 2018
Bang 4: Hieu qua kinh tl cfla ngudn vdn dlu to cdng
Chl tigu GO A G O
^PHTD
^iv(ao) Don vi tinh
Tneu dong Tneu dong IVi^u d6ag L l n
Nam 2012
4.170.846 45.925 257 237 0,18
2013 4.228.780
57.934 253.950 0,23
2014 4,278.053
49.273 234276 0.21
2015 4.359 036
80.983 292 260 0,28
2016 4,389.637
30.601 275.877
0.11
(Nguon: so liiu Niin gidm thong ke vd Phong TC — KH huyin Vung Liem)
C. Cdc gidi phdp cd bdn ndng cao hiiu qud ddu tu cdng lgi huyin Vung Liim din ndm 2025
1) Gidi phdp ddu tu cho phdt triSi chung cua nin kinh te: gdm cac giai phz^ nhfl sau: Ve cdng lac cho quy hoach: Nguyen tac quy hoach nganh, linh vtic phli bam sat vao quy hoach tdng thd phai trien KT - XH huyen; cdng tac quy hoach va thtic hien (]uy hoach can phat huy dan difl, cdng khai, minh bach. T ^ g cfldng quan li va giam sat thflc Men quy hoach.
Dau to cho giao due - dao tao va day nghl:
T^g cfldng tao filu kien dai ngd tdt hdn de thu hut ngudn can bd chit Ifldng cao phuc vii cdng tac dao t ^ cho Trung tam Giao due nghl nghiep va Giao due thfldng xuyen huyen nham ndng cao chit Ifldng day nghl tai dia phfldng, nhai la day nghe tieu fliu cdng nghidp cho lao ddng ndng thdn.
Dau to cho y tl: Tilp tuc dau to ttang thilt bi phuc vii cdng tac kham chfla bdnh, nhat la d cac tt^ y tl xa, (^ng thdi quan tfUn dao tao, boi dtidng nang Itic chuydn mdn cfla ddi ngu y bac si va cac linh vflc chuydn mdn ki ihuat khac dd du stic tilp nhSn, sfl dung tdt ttang thilt bi y te mdi va sfl dung hieu qua ttang titiit bi y tl hien CO d cac ttam y tl va bdnh vien da khoa huyen.
Dlu to cho khoa hoc - cdng nghe: TSng cfldng vdn dau to cho phat trien khoa hpc - cdng nghd de ttd thanh ylu td tiien chdt tao ra nhflng dpi pha ve nang suat, chit Ifldng, thtic day qua trinh phat tridn kinh tl. Nha ntidc cin tao filu kien cho cac to chflc, ca nh§n, ddn vi san xuat kinh doanh tilp c^n vdi nhflng cdng nghe mdi thdng qua hdi thao gidi thidu sin ph&n, hdi chd ttien lam, tham c^aa md hinh san xuat.
Dau to cho bao vd mdi trtidng: Van ddng nhan dan thu gom xfl h' rac thai tai gia finh hoac keu gpi doanh nghiep dau M tilting rac, fiem fliu gom
rac va ki kit vdi td chflc, ca nhan thu gom rac thai d cac fiem chd, khu dan cfl van chuyen ve bai rac t ^ trung xfl If. Dau to cdng nghe xfl If rac va tai chl rac fliai, khdng xay dflng them bai rac nhfl hidn nay, vfla tdn quy dat, vfla gay d nhilm khdng khi va ngudn ntidc, anh hfldng din sflc khoe nhan dan.
2) Gidi phdp ddu tu cdng cho phdt trien cdc ngdnh kinh te: gom cac giai ph%) nhfl sau:
Dau tu cho ngdnh ndng nghiep - ldm nghiep - thCiy sdn
Ddi vdi huyen Vflng Liem, din nam 2025, san xuit ndng nghiep - lam nghiep - tfiuj san, dac bidt linh vtic ndng nghiep, van !a chu ylu ttong phat tridn kinh tl chung, cho nen can tiu tfen ra soat filu chinh, bd sung quy hoach san xuat nong nghiep, ndng thdn giai d o ^ 2015 - 2025 tten cd sd nhu cau thi ttfldng va ldi the cua huyen. Kl tf Ip la ttanh thu cac ngudn vdn dau to cfla Trimg tidng, tfnh hoan chinh hd flidng thuy l<;li phu hdp vdi lai cd cau san xuat ndng nghiep. TSp trung dau to cdng ttinh va xay dting cac ttam bctai fidn, he thdng bdm tac loai nhd va loai ldn, phuc vu phong chdng ban man. T^g ctidng dau to cho khuyin ndng, khuyen ngti, tap huin ki tiiuat, xay dting md hinh, htidng din va chuyen giao tiln bd khoa hpc Id thuat cho ndng dan. Hd tia cay, con gidng, giup ngtidi ndng dan sfl dung giong xac nhgji, cd chat Ifldng dfla vao san xuat. Khuyin khich ngfldi chan nudi nudi theo hfldng taip ttung, quy mo ttang ttai gan vdi tiem phong va phdng ngfla dich bdnh. Xay dting va tiitic hien chtidng ttinh xuc tien thtidng mai; thflc day lidn kit gifla ndng dan - Uip tic xa, td hdp tac - doanh nghiep ttong dlu to san xuat va tieu thu san p h ^ .
TAP CHI KHOA HC?C TRUdNG DAI HQC TRA VDffl, s 6 29, THANG 3 NAM 2018 KINH T 6 - X A HOl
Ddu tu cho ngdnh cdng nghiip - tiiu thd cong nghiip
Quy hoach va dau to xay dflng vung nguyen lieu phuc vu san xuat cdng nghiep - tieu tiiu cdng nghiep, tiiJdc mat tiu tfen phat tiien cong nghiep chl bien ndng san ma huyen cd tiu thd vdi ngudn nguyen Ueu tai chd, dSy la kh5u dpi pha cho phat ttien cua nganh. Cflng cd va nang chat Ifldng hoat ddng cua cac td hdp tac, hdp tac xa cdng nghiep - tidu thfl cdng ngltiep va cung cap thdng tin, tao filu kien tflp can tiii trtidng dau ra hang hoa. Tang ngudn vdn dau to cho hoat dpng khuyen cdng; to chflc cac ldp day nghe tieu difl cdng nghiep t^ huyen hoac tai gia finh toy tiieo fieu kien. Thdng qua cac trtidng dai hpc, cao dang tai dia phtidng va cac tfnh xung (juanh de nhan chuydn giao va tiji dung cac cdng trinh nghien cflu khoa hoc cd Udn quan de gdp phan hd ttd dlu to may mdc, ttang thilt bi, ki thuat cho cac id hdp tac, hdp tac xa, ho gia finh san xuat tidu thfl cdng nghidp va cap tin dung tiu diu de md rdng quy md san xuat ddi vdi mdt sd nganh nghe ma huyen cd till manh nhfl chl biln cay lac, gach - gdm. Ho trd phat hien eac lang nghe, nganh nghl truyln thdng thdng qua cac chfldng trinh quang ba san ph&n, xay dting tiitidng hidu, chi din (£a If va bao hp quyen sd hihi tri tod.
Dau tu cho ngdnh xdy dung
Phdi hdp chat che gifla cac cip, cac nganh ttong phan cap dau to vdi phan d p quan li quy hoach, dam bao cac chtidng trinh, dti an thtic hidn dung quy hoach. Thtidng xuyen ra soat, danh gia lgi tit ca chtidng trinh, dti an va phan loai theo thfl tfl tiu tidn thtic hidn, tiu tien bd tri vdn cho cac chtidng ttinh, dfl an btic xtic tai dia phtidng. Chu ttpng cdng tac th^n dinh nang Iflc chu dau to, nha thiu, ddn vi giam sat de thtic hien dti an, dam bio dung thilt ke, dti loan, tiln dp dtidc duydt va chat Itidng cdng ttinh. Xfl phat nghidm ddi vdi cac ddn vi xSy dting cd finh keo dai cdng trinh, dti an de xin nang long mtic vdn dlu to. Tranh thfl sti giam sal cua cac d p , cac nganh, Mat ttan Td qudc va cac doan the, nhan dan ddi vdi chfldng trinh, dti an dlu to cdng. Cung cd td chflc he thdng quan li nganh xSy dflng to huydn den xa - thi ttan theo nguyen tac "dung chflc nang, du nhiem vu, tang quyln han, rd ttach nhiem", chfl ttpng giao due dao dflc nghl nghiep cho can bd quan If dau to cdng.
Ddu tu cho ngdnh thUdng mgi - dich vu Trong quy hoach xay dflng chd, dac biet quan tam den viec bd tri va dau to cho cac cdng ttinh phu ttd nhfl he tiidng fien, ntidc, ha lang giao thdng... di thu hut ngudn vdn to nhSn vao xay dflng chd. Tilp tuc dot pha ttong cdng tac xay dting va phat trien chid, md rdng dai H mua ban, chd Itto ddng (ch(3 phien, chd dem) din tan cac xa nong tiidn; thflc hidn chuyen ddi md hinh quan ll chd tfl Ban Quan li chd sang md hinh doanh nghiep hoac ho^ tac xa theo phticJng cham "lly chd nudi chd", gdp phan tang thu ngan sach tit chd va giam ap Itic ngan sach. TSp tnmg cho cac hoat ddng xuc tfIn thfldng mai. Xiy dting tiitidng hieu cho mdt sd san pham hang hoa dac trting cfla dia phtidng nhti gach - gdm, hang thu cdng mi nghd, btidi da xanh, phuc vu xuit khau ra ntidc ngoai. Phd biln kip flidi cac thdng fin kinh tl, cd chl, chfnh sach, tao filu kidn cho cac doanh nghidp, hdp tac xa, cd sd san xuat kinh doanh ttong huydn tflp can thdng tfn, tham nhap va md rdng thi trtidng. Hd ttd thul, mat bang va cung cap midn phi dich vu cdng ddi vdi cac dich vu cdt ldi nhti dich vu vSn tai, btiu chfnh - viln thdng nham thu hut nha dau to vao linh vtic nay va tang sflc canh ttanh cho nen kinh tl.
D. Thdo lupn
Nghien cflu dat dfldc mdt sd kit (jua nhit finh, so vdi cac nghidn cflu [2]-[4] flu ngbi6n ciJu nay chi rd hdn nhflng mat dat dfldc va han ehe, nguyen nhan han chl ttong dlu to cho tflng nganh kinh te. Dac biet, da xac finh dfldc cae khiu dfit pha d n iSp ttung dlu to de nang cao gia tri san xuat eho nen kinh tl la tiu tfen dau to cho nganh fliticJng mai - djch vu. Rieng trong tflng nganh kinh ll, chpn khiiu ddt pha la tilp toe tap tiung tai cd can Unh vflc ndng nghiep, hinh thanh viing san xuit tSp trung, quy md ldn gan flng dpg cdng nghe cao vao san xuat, lam tot khau nay se giai quylt cd ban idt dau ra cho san pham n6ng nghiep cfla ngfldi ndng dan flidng qua cac hdp ddng flifldng mai; nganh cdng nghidp - ti^u M cdng nghiep flu phat ttien cdng nghiep chl bien vdi ngudn nguyen Ueu tai chd va dao tao nghe cho lao dong ndng flidn; xSy dflng kit cau ha tang ddng bd, iSp ttung cac cdng trinh bflc xuc nhSl, tao ndn tang cho cac nganh kinh te khac
TAP CHl KHOA HQC TRUdNG DAI HQC TRA VINH, s 6 29, THANO 3 NAM 2018 KINH Tfe - XA HOI
phai ttien; chu tfxing dlu to xay dflng, phat tfien he thong chd va hoat ddng xflc tfIn flitidng mai.
Kit qui dti kiln, khi ttien khai tiitic hidn tdt va ddng bd cac khSu dot pha nay thi hidu qua kinh tl cfla dau to cdng tai huyen Vung Liem se dfldc n ^ g ldn.
V. idT LUAN
Huydn Vung Liem vdi xuat phat fidm thip, nen kinh tl dang cd btidc chuydn ddi nen dlu to cdng ddng vai ttd rit quan ttong de xay dflng ha tang cd sd va chuyen dich cd cau kinh tl. Huydn cd nhieu chfnh sach Uen quan den dlu to, tao filu kidn cho cac to chflc, ca nhSn va cac tiianh phin kinh tl, ca td chflc phi chfnh phfl tham gia vao linh vflc dau to cdng nham huy ddng mpi ngudn Itic cho phat trien kinh t l cua dia phfldng.
v l cd ban, lti(;tng vdn dlu Of cho cac nganh kinh ll todng ddi kha, nhting chu yeu lap trung cho nganh xay dting, ttong dd vdn dau to xay dting cac cdng trinh thuy ldi, giao thdng chiem tf ttpng Idn; nganh ndng nghidp - ISm nghidp - thu^ san dtidc tiu tien dlu to so cdng nghidp - tidu fliu cdng nghiep va thtidng mai - dich vu.
Hidu qua kinh tl cua ngudn vdn dau to cac nganh kinh tl cd sti chenh lech kha rd rang, dau to cho nganh thfldng mai - dich vu mang lai gia tri san xuit todng ddi cao va dn (£nh; ttong khi nganh cdng nghiep - tieu tiiu cdng nghiep cd gia tri san xuat tang kha nhflng dang giam, thilu ben vflng; nganh ndng nghiep - lam nghiep - thuy san khd tinh loan hieu qua kinh tl chinh xac do chiu anh hfldng nhieu bdi yen td thdi till, khi hau; nganh xSy dting chiem phin ldn von dau to cdng nhflng hieu qua kinh tl dem lai chfla Wdng xflng. Kei qua nghien cflu cho thay, dau to cdng gdp phan lam tang trtidng kinh tl, thuc day phat nien sin xuit, kinh doanh, giam tf le ho ngheo va tang thu nhap binh quan dlu ngtidi. TUy nhien, dlu to cdng vin cdn han che nhfl dlu to dan ttai, thilu ttpng tam; sfl dung vdn dau to chfla that hidu qua; ttinh dp can bd lam cdng tac quan If dfl an chtia cao... Qua dd, nghien cflu dl xuit cac giai p h ^ cd the ap dung di n ^ g cao hieu qua dau to cdng tai huydn Vung liem din nam 2025, ttong dd xac lap vai ttd cua Nha nfldc ttong (juan ll va fliflc hien dlu to cdng.
Nhflng giai phap nang cao hieu qua dau to cdng tai huyen Vung Uem neu tren la rat cd ban.
chtia giai quylt dtidc loan fidn va chi till cac khSu ddt pha ttong dlu to cdng cfla tflng nganh kinh tl va loan bd nin kinh tl, day cung la ban chl ma nghien cflu tilp theo cd the tilp toe phat ttien. Nghien cflu phan anh ndi lai hieu qua dau to cdng d huyen Vung Liem thdi gian qua, do vay ttong todng lai cin phai tilp tuc nghidn cflu hoan thidn, bd sung hoan chinh hdn.
TAI LifiU THAM K H A O
[ 1 ] Cue Thong ke Vinh Long. Nien gidm Thong ke huyen Vung Liim nam 2016; 2016.
[2] NguySn Phtfcing Le. T r ^ Thi Nhtf Ngoc. Pham Thi Thanh Thuy. Chu Quy Minh. Thtfc trang va giii phap n^ng cao hieu qui dSu tit cSng cho phat tri^n kinh ti huyen Sdn Dong - tinh Bac Giang. Tgp chi Khoa hoc va Phdt triin, Tnidng Dai hoc Ndng nghiip Hd Ndi.
2010;3:538-548.
[3] Ho Ngoc Hy. HiSu qua v6n diu ttf phat trien d tinh Quing Tn. Tap chi Nghiin cOu Kinh ti. 2007;350:57- 63.
[4] NguySn Hoang Anh. Hieu qua quan ly dau ttf cong 6 TP. Ho Chl Minh: Van de va Gi5i phdp [LuSn van Thae si]. TrtftJng Dai hoc Kinh t^ TP. H 6 Chf Minh;
2008.
[5] NguySn Bach NguySt Tit Quang Phtfdng. Gido trinh Kmh ti Bdu lU, TrUdng Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn. vol.
152. Ha N6i: Nha Xuit bin Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan;
2007.
