QUAN H E V I E T NAM - CHAU AU
NHITNG Bl/OC PHOT TRI€N TICH CLTC TRONG QURN HC VI6T NRM - BR LRN
Vfl T R I I N V O N G HOP TRC T R O N G TirONG IRI
Dinh M a n h Tuan*
Vii Binh Minh**
Tom tat: Trong nhung ndm qua, quan hi hiru nghi truyen thong vd hop tdc nhieu mat Viet Nam - Ba Lan da co su phdt trien tich cue. Hai bin khdng dinh ludn coi trong moi quan he hihi nghi truyen thdng tren ca sd hai bin cimg cd lai, di vdo chiiu sdu, hiiu qud vd thiit thirc. Bdi viet phdn tich thuc trgng quan hi Viet Nam - Ba Lan tren mot sd khia canh vi chinh tri - ngoai giao, kinh te, gido due - ddo tgo. an ninh - qudc phdng..., ddng thai phdn lich trien vong hap tdc giira hat qudc gia trong luang lai
Til' khoa: quan hi, chinh tn, kinh te, an ninh, Viet Nam, Ba Lan
Abstract: Over the past years, the traditional friendly relationship and multi-sector cooperation bet^veen Vietnam and Poland has developed positively. The IM'O sides affirmed that they always attach great importance to the iradilional friendship on the basis of mutual benefits, efficiency and practicality. The article analyzes the current situation of Vietnam- Poland relations on a number of aspects, such as. politics - diplomacy, economics, education - training, security and defense, etc . and analyzes the prospect of cooperation between nvo countries in the future
Keywords: relationship, politic, economic, security, Vietnam. Poland
* TS, Vien Nghien ciru C h a u Au
** Ths, Vien Nghien ciiai C h a u Au Nhgn bdi ngdy. 2/12/2019 Phdn bien xong- 20/12/2019 Chdp nhdn ddng 5/1/2020
66 NGHIEN CLfu CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW Nn(232)^O20
Viet Nam va Ba Lan lap quan he ngoai giao ngdy 4/2/1950. Mae dii ed khoang each dja ly rat Idn vd kliac biet ve vdn hda nhung quan he huu nghi truyen thdng va hpp tae nhieu mat giiia hai nudc van phdt trien tdt dep trong hem niia the ky qua, Quan he huu nghi truyen thdng va hpp tdc nhieu mat giua Viet Nam vd Ba Lan thdi gian qua dd phdt trien tieh cue tren nhieu ITnli vuc.
1. Thye trang quan he Viet Nam - Ba Lan
Ve chinh tri - ngogi giao
Mdi quan he chinli trj - ngoai giao tdt dep giija hai qude gia dupc danh ddu bdi eae ehuyen tham cap cao giira hai ben. Ndi bat nhdt la chuyen tham edp nha nude tdi Viet Nam vdo thdng 11/2017 eiia Tdng thdng Ba Lan, Andrzej Duda vd Phu nhan. Chuydn thdm nay md ra mpt trang mdi trong quan he hiJu nghj truyen thong va hgp tdc nhieu mat giiia Viet Nam va Ba Lan, ldm sau sdc them quan he hop tdc kinh te, thuong mai, dau tu song phucmg Chuyen tham edn tao dieu kien giilp doanh nghiep hai nudc tiep can, tim hieu thi trudng, tidm nang, nhu cau \ a the manh cua nhau. Ngoai ra, gdn day Id chuyen thdm cua Doan cap cao Chinh phii Viet Nam do Phd Thu tudng Thudng trye Chinh phii Truong Hda Binh dan ddu thdm chfnh ihire Cdng boa Ba Lan vao thang 9/2018.
Thdng qua cac chuyen thdm chfnh thirc nay, hai nudc ciing da ky ket nhieu hiep djnh va thda thuan hop tac song phuang, nhdm i
nang cao hieu qua hpp tac tren co sd eiing cd lpi. Nhieu hiep djnh kliung da dupc ky ket giiia hai ben nhu Hiep djnh hpp tac van hda - khoa hgc; Hiep dinb khuydn khfeh bao hp dau tu; Hiep djnh trdnh danh thue hai lan;
Hiep dinh chuyen giao va nhan trd lai edng dan hai nudc; Hiep dinh hpii tdc trong ITnli vuc ndng nghiep, phdt trien ndng thdn va thj trudng ndng sdn... Viet Nam va Ba Lan ciing ludn duy Iri co ehe tham van chinh trj ve edc van de quan he song phuong, tinh hinh the gidi va kliu vue, phdi hpp Idp tmdng trong cdc vdn de qudc te quan trpng.
Ve hpp tdc da phuong, Viet Nam va Ba Lan tdng cudng liep xiic, phdi hap hieu qua tai cac to chuc vd dien dan qudc te, nhdt la tai Lien hpp qudc, Td chuc Gido dye, Khoa hgc vd Van hda Lidn hgp qudc (UNESCO), Td chirc Hpp tac A - Au (ASEM), trong khudn khd hpp tdc giua Hiep hdi edc qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) vd Lien minh Chdu Au (EU) va quan he Viet Nam - EU.
Ve kinh te
Ba Lan hien la ban hang sd nipt ciia Viet Nam tai Trung Ddng Au, Viet Nam la ban hang thir bay eiia Ba Lan ngodi EU. Kim ngach thuong mai song phuang nhung ndm qua tang khd nhanli vd chu yeu la Viet Nam xuat sieu sang Ba Lan.
Viet Nam xuat khdu sang Ba Lan ehii ydu hdng del may, thiiy san, gao, cd phe, hat lieu, hdnh keo, ndng san, dien thoai, hang dien tir... vd nhdp khau tir Ba Lan ehii ydu la
Qlhtiitei bii&e phat t^ien... 67
cac mat hang nhu sira bdt, tdn dugc, hoa qua, khau cac mat hang nhu gao, ndng sdn, ddu thiet bi eho nganh than, ddng tau, phe lieu an. thye phdm huu co, sdn pham tdt cho sue thep . . Ba Lan ciing dang cd nhu cdu nhap khde.,, tir Viet Nam.
Bang 1; Kim ngach xudt nhap khdn cua Viet Nam vdi Ba Lan giai doan 2015-2019
Xuat khau Nhap khau
2015 585,2 175,6
2016 597,6 191,7
2017 775,4 230,8
2018 1 334.9
266.6
2019 1.500,8
298,9 Ngudn. Tdng hap tir sd lieu ciia Tdng cue Hdi quan
Bang 2: Ddu tu true tUp nu&c ngodi ciia Ba Lan tai Viet Nam, giai doan 2015-2019
Don vi: triiu USD
So von FDI dang ky cua Ba Lan vao Viet Nam
2015 91.4
2 0 1 6 125,5
2017 182,9
2018 182.6
2019 209,3
Ngudn- Tdng hap tir sd lieu cita Bd Ke hoach vd Ddu lu
Giai doan 2014-2017, dau tu eiia Ba Lan vao Viet Nam tdng gdp 2 Ian, tdp trung chii ydu trong Imh vuc bdt ddng sdn (Lang Viet kidu chdu Au), cdng nghiep chd bien (VIFON), dich vu (Ha Long Plaza)', Tinli ddn thdng 12/2019, Ba Lan xdp thii 38 tren 135 quoe gia va viing lanh thd dau tu vdo Viet Nam vdi 19 dy dn. ldng \'dn ddng ky tren 209 trieu USD. Cac dy an FDI ciia Ba Lan ddu tu vao Viet Nam chii yeu la cdc dy dn 100% von nude ngoai, tdp trung trong
Imh vuc kinh doanh bat ddng sdn, cdng nghiep ehe bidn ehe tao vd thdng tin truyen thdng. Ve phan minh, Viet Nam cd 3 dy an dau tu sang Ba Lan vdi tdng vdn ddu tu khoang 8 trieu USD thugc Imh vyc dich vu va cdng nghiep thue pham. Nhieu doanh nghiep Idn ciia Viet Nam ciing dang trien khai cae dir dn dau tu sang Ba Lan, ndi bat nhdt la du dn ciia Vinamilk trj gia 3 trieu USDI
' T C C S D T ( 2 0 1 7 ) . Ma Van (2019),
66 NGHIEN cCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N"l(232)^020
V i e t Nam va Ba Lan lap quan he ngoai giao ngay 4/2/1950. Mac dii ed khoang each dja ly rat Idn va khdc bidt ve van hda nliung quan he hiru nghi truyen thdng va hpp tdc nhieu mat giiia hai nude van phdt trien tdt dep trong hon nira the ky qua. Quan he hihi nghj truyen thdng va hpp tae nhieu mat giua Viet Nam va Ba Lan thdi gian qua da phdt trien tich cyc tren nhieu linh vyc.
1. Thye trang quan he Viet Nam - Ba Lan
Ve chinh tri - ngogi giao
Mdi quan he chinh trj - ngoai giao tdt dep giiia hai qudc gia dupe danh ddu bdi cac chuyen thdm cap cao giiia hai ben. Ndi bat nhat la chuyen tham cap nhd nudc tdi Viet Nam vao thang 11/2017 eiia Tdng thdng Ba Lan, Andrzej Duda va Phu nhan, Chuyen thdm nay md ra mdt trang mdi trong quan he hiru nghj truyen thdng va hop tac nhieu mat giiia Viet Nam vd Ba Lan, lam sau sdc them quan he hop tae kinh te, thuong mai, ddu tu song phuong. Chuyen thdm cdn tao dieu kien giiip doanh nghiep hai nude tiep can, tim hieu thj trudng, tiem nang, nhu edu \ a the manh ciia nhau. Ngodi ra, gdn ddy la chuyen tham ciia Doan cap cao Chinh phii Viet Nam do Phd Thii tudng Thudng tryc Chinh phu Truang Hda Binh dan ddu thdm chinh thirc Cgng hod Ba Lan vao thang 9/2018.
Thdng qua cac chuyen tham chfnh thirc nay, hai nudc cung da ky ket nhieu hiep dinli va thda thuan hpp tac song phuong, nham
ndng cao hieu qua hpp tac tren eo sd cimg cd lpi. Nhieu hiep dinli kliung da dugc ky ket giiia hai ben nhu Hiep djnh hpp tdc vdn hda - klioa bpe. Hiep dinh khuyen khfeh bao hd ddu tu; Fliep dinh tranh danh thue hai Idn;
Hiep dmh chuyen giao vd nhdn trd lai cdng dan hai nudc; Hiep dinh hpp tdc trong linh virc ndng nghiep, phat trien ndng thdn va thj trudng ndng sdn... Viet Nam vd Ba Lan ciing ludn duy tri co che tham vdn chfnh trj ve cac vdn de quan he song phucmg, tinh hinh the gidi vd khu vuc, phdi hop Idp trudng trong cdc van dd qude te quan trpng.
Ve hgp tde da phuong, Viet Nam va Ba Lan tdng cudng tiep xiic, phdi hop hieu qud tai cdc td chiic va dien ddn qude te, nhat Id tai Lien hgp qudc, Td ehiic Gido due, Khoa hgc vd Vdn hda Lien hpp qudc (UNESCO), Td chiic Hop tdc A - Au (ASEM), trong khudn khd hpp tdc giua Hiep hdi cae qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) va Lien minh Chau Au (EU) va quan he Viet Nam - EU.
Ve kinh te
Ba Lan hien la ban hdng sd mdt ciia Viet Nam lai Trung Ddng Au, Viet Nam la ban hang thir bay eiia Ba Lan ngoai EU. Kim ngach thuong mai song phuong nhiing nam qua tang khd nhanh va chu yeu la Viet Nam xuat sieu sang Ba Lan
Viel Nam xudt khdu sang Ba Lan chu yeu hdng det may, thiiy san, gao, cd phe, hat tieu. banh keo, ndng sdn, dien thoai. hang dien tir... vd nhdp khau tir Ba Lan chii yeu la
^Mhititq, b4t^e phiU triin..
67
edc mat hdng nhu siia bdt, tan dupc, hoa qud, khau cac mat hdng nliu gao, ndng san, ddu thidt hi eho nganh than, ddng tau. phe lieu dn, thye pham hiin co, sdn pham tdt cho sire thep.... Ba Lan cdng dang cd nhu cdu nhap khde... tir Viet Nam.
Bang 1: Kim nggch xudt nhap khdu cua Viet Nam v&i Ba Lan giai dogn 2015-2019
Xuat khau Nhap khau
2015 585.2 175,6
2016 597,6 191,7
2017 775,4 230,8
2018 1.334,9
266,6
2019 1.500,8
298,9 Ngudn: Tong hg-p tir so lieu cita Tdng cue Hdi quan
Bang 2: Diiu tir true tiep nu&c ngodi etia Ba Lan tgi Viet Nam, giai dogn 2015-2019
Dan vi: tneu USD
So von FDI dang ky cua Ba Lan vao Vict Nam
2015 91,4
2016 125,5
2017 182,9
2018 182,6
2019 209,3
Ngudn: Tdng hap lir so lieu cua Bd Ke hoach vd Ddu lu.
Giai doan 2014-2017, ddu tu ciia Ba Lan vao Viet Nam tdng gdp 2 lan, tap tmng ehu yeu trong linh vyc bdt ddng sdn (Ldng Viet kieu chau Au), cdng nghiep ehe bidn (VIFON), djch vu (Ha Long Plaza)'. Tinh ddn thang 12/2019, Ba Lan xdp thir 38 tren 135 qudc gia va vung lanh thd ddu tu vao Viet Nam vdi 19 dy dn. long vdn ddng ky tren 209 tridu USD. Cac du dn FDI ciia Ba Lan dau tu vao Viet Nam ehii ydu la cdc du an 100% vdn nudc ngoai, tap trung trong
Imh vue kinh doanh bat dgng sdn, edng nghiep ehe bien chd tao vd thdng tin tmyen thdng Ve phdn minh, Viet Nam co 3 dy an ddu tu sang Ba Lan vdi tdng vdn ddu tu khodng 8 tneu USD thupc linli vuc dich vu vd cdng nghiep thuc pham. Nhieu doanh nghiep Idn ciia Viet Nam eung dang tridn khai cac du dn dau tu sang Ba Lan, ndi bat nhat la dy dn cua Vinamilk trj gia 3 trieu USD-.
'TCCSDT(2017) Ha Van (2019).
OlhOttg. bii^ pluil trien...
67
cac mat hdng nhu siia bdt, tan dugc, hoa qud, klidu cdc mat hang nliu gao, ndng san, ddu tliiet bi eho nganh than, ddng tau, phe lieu dn, thye phdm hiru co, san pham tdt eho sire thep.... Ba Lan eiing dang co nhu eau nliap klide , tir Viet Nam.
Bang 1: Kim nggch xudt nhap khdu cua Viet Nam v&i Ba Lan giai dogn 2015-2019
Xuat kliau Nhap khau
2015 585.2 175,6
2016 597,6 191,7
2017 775,4 230,8
2018 1.334,9
266,6
2019 1.500,8
298,9 Ngudn Tdng hap tir sd liiu cua Tdng cue Hdi quan
Bang 2: Ddu tir true tiep nu&c ngodi cua Ba Lan tgi Viet Nam, giai dogn 2015-2019
Don vi: triiu USD
So von FDI dang ky cua Ba Lan vao Viet Nam
2015 91,4
2016 125,5
2017 182,9
2018 182,6
2019 209,3
Ngudn. Tdng hap tir so lieu cua Bd Ke hogeh vd Ddu tu
Giai doan 2014-2017, ddu tu ciia Ba Lan vao Viet Nam tdng gap 2 Ian, tap trung chu yeu trong ITnli virc bat dgng sdn (Lang Viet kieu ehau Au), cdng nghiep che bien (VIFON), djch vu (Ha Long Plaza)', Tfnh ddn thang 12/2019, Ba Lan xdp thii 38 tren 135 qude gia va vimg lanh thd ddu tu vao Viet Nam vdi 19 dy an, tdng vdn dang ky tren 209 trieu USD. Cac dy dn FDI cua Ba Lan ddu tu vao Viet Nam ehii yeu la cac dy dn 100% vdn nudc ngodi, tap trung trong
linli vuc kinh doanh bdt dpng sdn, edng nghiep ehd bien ehe tao va thdng tin tmyen thdng. Ve phan minh, Viet Nam cd 3 dy dn ddu tu sang Ba Lan vdi tdng vdn dau tu khodng 8 trieu USD thude Imh vuc dich vy va cdng nghiep thuc pham, Nhieu doanh nghiep Idn cua Viet Nam ciing dang trien kliai cae dir dn ddu tu sang Ba Lan, ndi bat nhdt id dy an eua Vinamilk trj gia 3 trieu USD',
'TCCSDT(20i7), ^ Ha Van (2019),
NGHIEN CLTU OmU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N'n(232U«
Ve hpp tde phdt tridn (ODA), ni nam 1998. Ba Lan da cap khoan tin dung 70 trieu USD cho dy an ddng tdu cua Vinashin (da gidi ngdn xong ndm 2005). Nam 2005. Ba Lan cam ket danli eho Viet Nam mpt khodn tin dung hdn hgp tri gid 280 trieu USD.
Trong khudn khd cam ket do, ngdy 22/01/2008, Bg Ngoai giao Ba Lan vd Bd Tdi chinh Viet Nam da ky Hiep djnh tin dung Dy dn Phong thi nghiem trpng diem - Be thir md hinh tdu thiiy vdi tri gia vdn vay ODA Id 16.47 trieu Euro. Thdng 7/2014, phfa Ba Lan da thdng bao dimg ke hoach cap tin dung Du an Be thir md hinh tau thuy va ehuyen sang cdp khoan tfn dung uu dai mdi tri gid 250 trieu Euro trong khudn khd Hiep dinh khung vd hpp tdc tai chfnh, trong dd quy djnh khoan vdn se danh cho cdc du an uu tien phdt trien kinh te-xa hdi eiia Viet Nam. Den ngay 28/7/2017, Chinli phu da thdng qua Nghj quyet sd 64/NQ-CP ve ndi dung Hiep dinli tai chfnh trj gia 250 tridu Euro ciia Ba Lan.
Ve gido due - ddo tgo
Viet Nam va Ba Lan da ky ket Thda thuan hap lac \ e gido due dai hpe nhan ehuyen tham vdi viee tang sd luong hoc bdng ddnh cho sinh vien, thye tap sinh va nghien cuu sinh hai nudc len 20 suat/1 nam va Nghi djnh thu hpp tdc ve viec md klioa hpc tieng Ba Lan giira Bd Khoa hgc \ a Gido
^ u c Dai hoe Ba Lan va Trudng Dai hoc Fla Ndi Ngoai ra, hai ben nhdt tri sdm dam phdn
ky Hiep dinh ve cdng nlian tuong duong cac van bang giao due'.
Nhung nam gdn ddy. so lucmg hoc sinh Viet Nam du hge tu tiie sang Ba Lan cd chieu liudng tang do chi phi hpc tap tuong ddi re vd cdc trudng dai hoc tu thuc cua Ba Lan nhu tmdng Dai hoc Lazarski, Tmdng Dai hpc Leon Kozminski... ed nliieu chuong trinh day bang tieng Anli danh rieng eho sinh vien nudc ngoai, chii yeu hudng tdi sinh vien Trung Qudc va Viet Nam Dai dien mgt sd trudng dai hge eiia Ba Lan bay td mong muon tang cudng hpp tdc, trao doi sinh vien vdi Viet Nam, ddng thdi kliuyen nghj cae co quan chirc nang Ba Lan lao thudn lpi ve thu tue cho sinh vien Viet Nam sang Ba Lan hpc tap.
Ve an ninh - quae phong
Viet Nam vd Ba Lan da ky Ban ghi nhd hop tdc qudc phong nam 2010. Hai ben thudng xuyen trao doi dodn cac cap nham ihiic da}' quan he hpp lac, chia se kinh nghiem dau tranli phdng, chdng tdi pham, nhdt la tdi pham cd td chirc, tdi pham xuyen qudc gia, l()i pham ma tiiy, tpi pham sir dung cdng nghe cao, tdi pham td ehiic dua ngudi di cu vd nhap cu trdi phep. Dien hinh nhu edc chuyen trao ddi dodn: Bd trudng Qudc phong Phiing Quang Thanh tham Ba Lan ihang 8/2013, Bd trudng Qudc phong 3a Lan tham Viet Nam thang 8/2014 tdng
•'Duong Dux Dung (2017).
^Wujenti hiife phdt triett... 69
10/2010, Ba Lan cu Tiiy vien Qudc phdng thudng tru lai Hd Ndi. Thdng 9/2014. Viet Nam da cir Tiiy vien Qudc phdng thudng tru d Ba Lan"*.
Hai ben ciing da thdng nhdt cdc bien phdp ehia se thdng tin, trao ddi kinh nghiem, hpp tac trong ITnh vyc dao tao, bdi dudng can bd rdiam dua quan he giu'a edc co quan thye thi phap luat hai nudc di vdo ehieu sdu, gdp phan cimg cd, phat trien mdi quan he hiru nghj tmyen thdng giiia hai Chinh phu, nhan dan hai nudc Viet Nam va Ba Lan
De thue day quan he hpp tdc ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi pham, bdo ve an ninh, trat ty d mdi nudc, Bp Cdng an Viet Nam ciing dang de nghj hai nudc nghidn cuu, xdy dung lien tdi dam phdn vd ky ket Hiep dinh ve ddn dp, Hiep djnh ve chuyen giao ngudi bi ket an phat til va Hiep djnh ve tuong trp tu phdp hinh sy, tao hdnh lang phap ly viing chac, todn dien cho quan he hop tde giira hai nude trong bdi cdnh tinh hinh tpi pham dien bien ngay cdng phiic tap hien nay .
Ve cac linh vuc khde
Quan he hpp tdc giua Viet Nam vd Ba Lan trong cae ITnh vyc khac cung dat nhieu ket qua tdt.
Ve khoa hpc, hai ben nhat tri khdi phue lai CO che Uy ban hdn hpp Viet Nam - Ba 'TCCSDT(20I7).
'Kh6ngHa(2018)
Lan \'e hpp tdc klioa hpe edng nghe va td chiic khda hpp eiia Uy ban vao nam 2018.
Ve hgp tdc vdn hda, nliirng nam trudc ddy, Ba Lan da giiip Viet Nam ddo tao can bd, triing tu cdc di tich cung dinh d Hue, Thdp Cham d Hdi An, dia dao Cii Chi d Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Dac biet ky su Ba Lan Kazimierz Kwiatowski da cd nhieu ndm gan bd vdi cdng tdc triing tu di tich d Qudng Nam.
Nham riit ngan khodng each giua hai nude, ngay 3 0 / I I / 2 0 I 7 , Tdng edng ty hang khdng Viet Nam (VNA) va Hang hang khdng qudc gia Ba Lan (LOT) da ky ket thda thudn hop tac nliam mang lai nhidu lpi ich va lya chpn hanh trinh hon cbo hdnh khaeh ciia hai hang. Tbeo do, hdnh khdch co the mua ve tir VNA hoac LOT dd thuc hien hanh trinh giiia Ha Ngi/Tp.Hd Chi Minh va Warsaw (Ba Lan) qua edc diem trung chuyen la Paris (Phdp), Frankfurt (Dire), Moscow (Nga), London (Anh).
Cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam tai Ba Lan hien cd khodng 40.000 ngudi, cd nhiing ddng gdp tfeh cyc cho sy phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi eiia Ba Lan va phat huy vai trd cau noi tdng cudng quan he hiru nghj truyen thdng quy bau giiia hai nudc Viet Nam - Ba Lan, dupe chfnh quyen Ba Lan ddnh gia eao.
Cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam tai Ba Lan tap trung vdo budn ban hang may mac, tieu diing
70 N G H I I N CLfu CHAU AO UROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N1(232)^C
(ehu yeu tai kliu Wolka Kosowska. cdch tnmg lam thii do Warszawa kliodng 30kin) va nha hang. Ngoai ra, cdng ddng cung thudng xuydn td chirc boat dpng tu thien hudng ve Td qudc. Nhiing ndm gan ddy, sd lupng ngudi Ba Lan sdng vd Idm viec lai Viet Nam ciing tdng kha nhanh.
2. Trien vpng hpp tac Viet Nam - Ba Lan
Quan he hpp tdc Viet Nam - Ba Lan dupc ddnh gid cdn rat nhieu tiem ndng phat trien, va trien vpng hop tac giiia hai qudc gia dang diing tmdc nhieu co hgi nhirng ciing khdng ft thdch thue trong tuong lai,
NhOfng thuan lgi, ca hgi
Viet Nam vd Ba Lan Id hai nude ban be tmyen thdng ciia nhau, deu Id thanh vien lich cue eiia cdc td chuc qudc td va hdi nhap ngay edng sdu vao cae the che khu vyc, deu dang d giai doan quan trpng cua qua trinh ddi mdi va cai each, cd chung lpi ich tang cudng hpp tdc kinh te-thuong mai, ddu tu vdi nhau.
Cd Viet Nam vd Ba Lan deu la nha sdn xudt va xudt khau Idn trong ITnh \'ii'c ndng nghiep, ndng san cimg la nhdm hdng ehfnh trong CO eau trao ddi thuong mai song phuong. Mac dii ciing phat tridn ndng nghiep nhimg Viet Nam - Ba Lan khdng caiili Iranh true tiep md se hd trp hieu qud cho nhau. Ba Lan cd tiem ndng Idn dd dap ung nJiu edu ciia thi trudng Viet Nam bdi lgi thd dien tfeh
dat ndng nghiep Idn, ca che giao ddt, khuyen khich phat tridn sdn xudt hop ly, kel hop cdng nghe gieo trdng, ehd bidn hien dai da giiip Ba Lan phat huy tdt thd manh nganh ndng nghiep. Trong khi do. Viet Nam dang tap trung cdi lien edng nghe ndng nghiep, bao gdm dau tu vdo ndng nghiep chuyen ngdnh, phdn bdn vd may mde. Vi vdy, vdi kinh nghiem phdt trien ndng nghiep bang cdng nghd cao nliieu nam, Ba Lan cd the hd trp eho Viet Nam ve cdng nghe ciing nhu ky thudt Irong iTnh vyc nay, Ngupc lai, Viet Nam cung cd nhidu mat hdng md ngudi tieu dimg Ba Lan ua chupng. Ba Lan nhdp khdu rat nhieu san pham tu chdu Au md nhung sdn pham ndy dupe sdn xuat tai Viet Nam (gao, trdi cdy hp cam quyt, chudi, thude la, ddu dua...,). Cdc san pham siia Id mdt trong nhung nhdm san pham xudt khau Idn nhat tir Ba Lan den Viet Nam.
Ba Lan ehpn Viet Nam Id mpt trong 5 thj trudng dau tu, kinli doanh trien vpng nhdl, ngupe lai Viet Nam xem Ba Lan la mdt trong nhung thj trudng quan trgng nhat tai Trung vd Ddng Au'^. Viet Nam Id mdt nen kinh le dang phat trien vdi tdc dp tang tmdng nhanh, dong thdi ehii truong vd quydt tdm cua Chinh phu Viet Nam trong no iyc hoan Ihien mdi trudng dau tu kinh doanli dupc cdc doanh nghiep Ba Lan danh gia ».,,>. Hai
"Ngoc Tuyet (2018).
QUtiJCng, biti^ pktU. trien... 71
ben ddu da ed nhiing nd lye de thiie ddy hop tde giua doanh nghiep hai ben thdng qua tang cudng ket ndi thdng tin de doanh nghiep hai ben nam bat thi trudng, nam bat ddi tac de xay dyng cac chuong trinh kdt ndi trong tuong lai. Nhung ydu td ndy dupc ddnh gia se md ra tiem nang tiep tuc tdng cudng, md rpng dau tu, kinh doanli ciia doanh nghiep hai nudc nham khai thae tinh bd trp cbo nhau giira hai nen kinh te, ddn bdt nhiing e a hdi phat trien mdi ma Hiep dinh EVFTA dem Iai.
Nhihig kho khan, thdch thirc
Nhupe diem ciia cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam khi dl ra nudc ngoai la con thieu thdng tin ve thi trudng, nhat la nhung thong tin ve thj hieu, mau ma, tham ehi khi dua hdng sang khu vyc nay ngdn ngii eung la mpt rao cdn. Ngoai ra, ehua cd nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam sy am hieu luat phap nudc sd tai.
De khdc phuc ban che nay, can thiie day hon niia su hpp tac giira doanh nghiep hai ben nhdm tang cudng kdt ndi thong tin de nam bat thj trudng, ndm bat ddi tdc ket ndi trong tuong lai. Ddng thdi, cdc ngan hdng cd the hd trp tu van cho doanli nghiep dam phan vd lya ehon cac phuong thiie thanh todn phii hpp vdi timg mat hdng vd quan he ddi tac giira bai ben.
Cae hiep djnh thuong mai ty do, dac biet la EVFTA vira dugc thdng qua da md ra
CO hdi rdt Idn cho cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam vao thi trudng chau Au thdng qua vide, md cira ve thue. Tuy nliien day ciing la thj trudng doi hdi cao ve chdt lupng, cae hang rdo ky thuat khat khe. ciing nliu viee thuc thi cac didu kien vd lieu ehuan, ve phdp ludt rat cao... Do vdy, cdc doanh nghiep can chu ddng nghien eiiu ihdng tin de ed sy sy chudn bi rdt ky cdng de ed the dap irng duae nhihig yeu cdu khdi kbc dd. Vice chudn bj nen dugc tien hdnh todn dien tir nghien cuu eo hdi, thdch ihiic ciia thj tmdng, cho den cac giai phap nhu ndng cao chat lupng, mdu ma san phdm; phdt huy loi the canh tranh, tang hieu suat...
Do khodng each ve dia ly khd xa, mac dii cac phuong thiic vdn tdi hang hda giiia Viet Nam vd Ba Lan ndi rieng vd khu vyc Chau Au ndi chung da kha da dang, tao thudn lgi cho doanh nghiep hai nudc tang ket ndi giao thuong hdng hda, nhung chi phi logistics hien nay tai Viet Nam ude tinh khoang hon 20% GDP hang nam, trong do ehi phi van tai chiem ban 60%, cao hon cac nudc trong khu vuc va tren the gidi tir 2% - 10%, ldm giam sire eanh tranh cua hang hoa Viet Nam tren thi trudng quoc te'. Trong khi do, EVFTA cd the lam tang nhu cd', chuyen khdng chi giua EU va Viet I cdn la vdi cd EU va Ddng Nam A J
' Phan Anh (2019).
72 N G H I E N CLTU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N1(232).:
nhu cau nang eao chdt luong. didu kien cua kho bai va cdng tac van chuydn cung sc duoc ddt ra. Dieu nay ddi hdi cac doanh nghiep logistics ndi rieng, ngdnh logistics Viet Nam ndi chung edn duoc dau tu bdi ban, ddt pha vd cdng nghe, ngudn lue, quy trinh eiing nhu sy tao dieu kien ve chinh sdch tir phia chinli phii. Ben canh do, eiing can day manh thu hilt ngudn vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngodi, day manh hpp tde canh tranh va lien ket viing ddi vdi nganh logistics tai Viet Nam.
Ket luan
Quan he hcrp tae giiia Viet Nam vd Ba Lan da cd qua trinh phat trien Idu dai, va gan day da cd nhirng bude phdt trien len tam eao mdi tren hau het cae ITnh vyc nhu chinh trj, kinh te, giao due - dao tao, an ninli - qude phong... Bdi cdnh qudc te mdi, dae biet la xu the bao hp thuong mai eiing vdi vide ky ket va tnen khai nhieu FTA duoc cho la se md ra nhieu eo hpi va ciing ddt ra khdng it thdch thirc ddi vdi trien vpng hop tdc giii'a Viet Nam vd Ba Lan. Hai bdn deu da cd nhiing nd lyc de thiic day hpp tac, dac biet la giua cdc doanh nghiep. Cung vdi vide EVFTA va EVIPA da dupe ky ket, hy vpng rang mdi quan he hpp tae giua hai qudc gia trdn nhieu ITnh vyc se dupc ndng cao, di vao ehieu sau, hieu qud va thiet thye.
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Phan Anh (2019), "Chi phi U>-^islics qud cao ldm gidm tinh canh tranh eiia hdng hod", https://vov.vn/kinh-te/chi-phi- logistics-qua-cao-lam-giam-tinh-canh-tranh- cua-hang-hoa-901492.VOV
2. Duong Dire Dimg (2017), "Chu tich nuac Trdn Dgi Quang hdi ddm vdi Tdng thdng Cpng hda Ba Lan", https ://bne\vs.vn/ch u-t ich-nuoc-tran-dai- quang-hoi-dam-voi-tong-tho ng-eong-hoa-ba- lan/69162.html
3. Klidng Ha (2018), "Viii Nam - Ba Lan tdng cirdng hop tdc phdng, chdng toi pham", http://eand.com.vn/Hoat-dong-LL-
CAND/Viet-Nam-Ba-Lan-tang-cuong-hop- tac-phong-chong-toi-pham-522008/
4. Ha Vdn (2019), "Tang cuang hap tdc thuang mat. ddu lu Viet Nam - Ba Lan", https://\\vvvv.sggp.org vn/tang-euong-hop- tac-thuong-mai-dau-tu-viet-nam-ba-lan- 612797.hlinl
5. TCCSDT (2017), "Buac phdi triin lich CUV trong quan hi hap tdc nhiiu mgi
Viit Nam Ba Lan", http://H'w\v.tapehicongsan.org vn/Home/Doi- ngoai-va-hoi-nhap/2017/48140/Buoc-phat- Irien-tieh-cuc-trong-quan-he-hop-tae-nhieu- mat.aspx
6. Ngpc Tuyet (2018), ' ',^ y^^^
Nam vd Ba Lan ngdy cdng pha dpng", https'//www.hcmcpv i tuc/quan-he-viet-nani-va-ba-Ian-ng.
phat-trien-nang-dong-1491849523 nang
