KINH DOANH
CAC NHAN TO ANH HITCJNG DEN Y DINH KHCfl SlJ KINH DOANH CUA SINH VIEN TRlTCfNG DAI HOC HONG DtfC
• LE QUANG HIEU - LE TH! BJNH
TOM TAT:
Nghien cffu nham xdc dinh cac nhdn id anh hu'dng dd'n ^ dinh khdi sff kinh doanh (KSKD) cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Hdng Dffc. Dff lidu cila nghien cffu dffdc thu thdp tff 300 sinh vien dang theo hpe tai Trffdng Dai hgc Hdng Dffe. Cae phffdng phdp kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha, phffdng phdp phan tieh nhan td kham phd (EFA) va hdi quy mye'n linh da bid'n dffde sff dung trong nghidn cffu nay. Ket qua nghien effu ehi eho thfTy ed 6 nhdn to' tde ddng eiing chieu dd'n y dinh KSKD cua sinh vidn Trffdng Dai hpc Hdng Dffc, bao gdm: Thdi do, quy chuan chu quan, sff dam me kinh doanh, sff san sang kinh doanh, giao due vd ngudn vdn. Trong dd, yd'u td sff dam md ed tae dpng manh nhd't dd'n y dinh KSKD e^a sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpe Hdng Dffe.
Tff khoa: Dai hoc Hong Dffe, y dinh khdi sff kinh doanh, sinh vidn
1. Dgt v3'n de
KSKD qua vide lao lap cac doanh nghidp mdi la ddng lffe eho phdt trien kinh te'. Mpt nen kinh tephat trien dffde la nhd sff phdt Irien ve ea sd Iffdng vd ehd't Iffdng cua eae doanh nghidp. Vide gia tang dffdc s6' Iffdng cde doanh nghidp trong nin kinh td' ludn Id mo'i bdn tam chinh cua ehinh phu, ede nhd hoach dinh ehinh sach vd edc hgc gia.
d Viet Nam, trong nhffng nam gan day, khdi nghiep trong sinh vidn dang Id ehu de dffdc quan tdm khong chi eua edc nha nghien cffu md du'dc xem nhff mot chu trffdng Idn cua Nha nffdc. Cu th^, ngay 30 thang 10 ndm 2017, Thu iffdng Chinh phu da k^ Quyd'l dinh sd 1665/QD-TTg vi vide phd duyet De dn "H6 trd HSSV khdi nghidp den nam 2025". Cd thd' ndi, Chinh phu dd cd nhffng cam kd't manh me trong viec kie'n lao he sinh thai khdi nghidp.
Trirdng Dai hpc Hong Dffe la trffdng dai hoc cdng lap, da nganh, trffe thudc Uy ban Nhan ddn tinh Thanh Hda va chiu sff quan Iy nha nffdc cua Bp Giao due vd Dao lao. Vdi sff mang dao lao ngudn nhan lffe da ITnh vffc co kha nang thieh ffng vdi sff thay ddi cua thi trffdng lao dpng phue vu sir phdt trien kinh id'- xa hgi eiia tinh Thanh Hda va ca nffde, cd the ndi viee thiic day tinh than khdi nghiep trong sinh vien cd y nghia hd't sffe quan trgng. Tren thifc te', nha trffdng cung da cd nhieu giai phdp Ihie't thffc. tuy vay, vdn cdn khdng it trd ngai anh hffdng de'n vide hinh thanh, phat irien vd quyet dinh KSKD eua sinh vidn do nha tru'dng dao tao. Vdi muc lidu ddi ra la xdc dinh cae nhdn to anh hffdng de'n y dinh KSKD cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpc Hong Dffe, nhdm nghien effu da lien hanh khao sal 300 sinh vien vd ffng dung cae phffdng phap phdn tich dinh Iffdng de giai quyd't muc lieu nghien effu.
So 17-Thang 7/2020 361
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
2. Md hinh nghien ctfu de xua't Nhieu edng trinh nghien cffu da eho thd'y, cde ye'u td ed nhan va ye'u to' moi trffdng cd tdc dpng de'n y dinh KSKD cua sinh vidn. Theo Nguydn Thu Thuy (2015), sff san sang kinh doanh, tinh cdch cd nhdn va sff dam me kinh doanh la nhffng yd'u to' ca nhdn tae ddng de'n y dinh KSKD cua sinh vidn. Ben canh dd, vide sinh vien trffdc vd sau khi to't nghidp thffdng gap nhieu khd khan trong vide tao ngudn vo'n, ehiTa dam manh dan vay vd'n de khdi nghiep ndn yd'u td' vd ngudn vo'n anh hffdng dd'n y dinh KSKD trong sinh vidn. Y dinh KSKD chiu tdc dgng bdi cae ye'u to' nhan khau hpc nhff gidi linh, tudi tde, kinh nghidm, nen lang gido due va eong viec ciia gia dinh; ede yd'u td hanh vi nhff sff thu hiit ehuydn nghiep, nang lffe kinh doanh, ddnh gid xd hdi, kinh nghidm, kie'n thffc kinh doanh, gido due kinh doanh cd anh hffdng Idn dd'n KSKD (Abdullah and ctg, 2010).
Sau khi tid'n hanh nghidn cffu tai Ueu trong va ngoai nffdc, tdc gia da de xua't mo hinh nghidn effu xac dinh cde nhdn to' anh hffdng den y dinh KSKD eua sinh vidn Trffdng Dai hpc Hong Dffc thdng qua cae ye'u id': (I) thdi dd, (2) quy ehuan chu quan, (3) giao due, (4) sff dam md kinh doanh, (5) sff sdn sdng kinh doanh va (6) ngudn vd'n (Hinh 1)
Hinh 1. Mo hinh nghien cdu de xudt
f Thai do
I Quy chuan chu quan
Giao due
[sy
dam me kinh doanh Su san sang kinh doanh( Nguon vdn
3. Thie't ke' nghidn ctfu
Nghien cffu dUde thffc hien thdng qua phdng vd'n bang bang hdi sinh vien dang theo hgc tai Trffdng Dai hoc Hong Dffc iheo phffdng phdp chgn mdu phi xdc sua't. ddi tffdng mdu dffdc ehpn dffa tren ddnh gia ciia hgc gia (Black, 2010).
Nghidn effu nham tho'ng kd mo la ede kd't qua thu dffdc. Nghien cffu dffde thffc hidn tff thang 10 den thang 12 nam 2019.
Kich thudc mdu
Hari & cpng sff (1998) de nghi nd'u cd mdu khoang 100, thi tidu ehuan factor loading phai Idn hdn 0.5 (Bollen, 1989) de nghi ty Id la 5:1 eho vide ehpn cd mlu so vdi so' lu'dng tham so' Irong phan tich da bien. Trong md hinh nghien cffu cua tdc gid da xac dinh dddc 32 bie'n quan sdi, sff dung ihang do likert 5 de trien khai do lu'dng cde cdu hoi khao sat vdi quy ffde nhff sau: 1: Hodn toan khdng ddng y/ 2: Khdng ddng y/ 3: Khdng y kid'n/ 4: Ddng y/ 5: Hoan loan ddng y. So' m§u linh todn ban dau la 32*5 = 160 phieu. Tuy nhien, dd' dam bao dp tin cdy eua kd't qua dung theo yeu cau, nhdm nghidn effu tie'n hanh khao sat 300 sinh vidn dang theo hpc tai Trffdng Dai hpc Hdng Dffc, trong qud trinh nhap lidu phat hien 30 bang khao sat khdng hdp Id. So' phid'u hdp Id dffde dffa vao phdn tich la 270.
4. Ke't qua nghien cffu Kiem dinh d^ tin cqy cua thang do Trong cac thang do tren, thang do "Thdi dp"
cd 2 bien bi loai (TD4, TD5), va thang do "Quy chuan ehu quan" cd 2 bid'n bi loai (QCCQ6 vd QCCQ7) cae bien bi loai la do ed iffdng quan vdi bidn long nho hdn 0,3; Cac ihang do sau khi kiem dinh lan 2 cd he so' Cronbach's Alpha khd cao (>0.6). Td't ea cde bid'n quan sdt cua thang do nay deu cd he so'tffdng quan bien long Idn hdn 0.3, do dd ehung deu dffdc sff dung eho bffdc phan lich EFA tid'p theo. (Bang I)
Kd't qua phan tieh ma trdn xoay 25 bid'n quan sat cua 6 bid'n doc lap va 3 bie'n quan sdt eua 1 bie'n phu thupc (sau khi loai 4 bie'n quan sdt TD4, TD5. QCCQ6 va QCCQ7 iff ket qua kiem dinh cronbach's alpha) diTdc chia Idm 6 nhdm nhan Id' nhff ban dau. eae bien deu cd he MV
362 So 17-Thang 7/2020
KINH DOANH
Bang 1. Phan tich EFA cho cde bien trong m6 hinh
QCCQ2 QCCQ3 QCCQ1 QCCQ4 QCCQ5 GD2 GD4 GDI GD5 GD3 SBM2 SBM3 SBM4 SBM1 SSKD1 SSKD2 SSKD3 SSKD4 NV2 NV3 NV4 NV1 TS3 TB2 TB1 YD3 YD2 YD1
Nhan to 1
.920 .862 736 .724 .643
2
.871 .851 .751 .605 .595
3
.865 .823 .800 .750
4
.875 .845 .640 .613
5 6
.849 .836 .778 .736
.758 748 .636
7
.847 .811 626
So 1 7 - T h d n g 7/2020 363
TAP CHl CONC THtfdNB
Factor loading >0.5 cho tha'y phan tieh nhan to' Id phu hdp.
Phdn tich hoi quy
De ddnh gid mffc dp anh hffdng cua tffng nhan to' de'n y dinh khdi sff kinh doanh eua sinh vidn Dai hpc Hdng Dffe, tde gia sff dung md hinh hdi quy da bie'n. Sau khi chay phan mem SPSS.20 cho ke't qua nhff sau: (Bdng 2)
Kd't qua nhan dffdc eua kiem dinh F ve dp phu hdp cua md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh tdng the', xem bid'n phu thude c6 lien he tuye'n linh vdi loan bp bid'n ddc lap hay khdng. Kiem djnh F eho tha'y mffc y nghTa Sig. ra't nhd (Sig. = 0.000) (Bang 3) vd he so' xde dinh R^ = 0.583 (R- hidu chinh = 0.572) (Bang 2) chffng minh eho sff phu hdp cua md hinh, nghia Id y dinh KSKD chju sff tac ddng ldi 57,2% bdi 6 yeu to' trong md hmh.
He so' Durbin-Watson = 1.732 (>1) eho bie't khdng cd hidn tffdng tff tffdng quan giffa eae bid'n.
Kd't qua phdn lich hdi quy bgi nhff Bang 4.
Ket qua d Bang 4 cho tha'y td't ca eae bien dge lap deu ed Sig. nhd hdn 0.05. tffc Id t^l cd cde ye'u to' doe lap deu cd anh hffdng de'n y dinh KSKD eua sinh vien. Mffc do quan trpng cua tffng yd'u Id' tiiy thupc vdo hd so' Beta dd chuan hda (xetve gid tri tuyet dd'i cua he so), hay nhdn Id' nao cd he so' Beta da chuan hda Idn Ihi tdc ddng manh de'n y dinh KSKD cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hpe Hong Dffe.
Ta cd phffdng trinh hdi quy nhff sau:
YD = 0.191GD + 0.263TD + 0.290SSKD + 0.147QCCQ + 0.313SDM + 0.220NV Trong dd:
YD: Y dinh KSKD;
M6hlnti 1
R .763a
Bang 2.
R binh ptiudng .583
Kiem djnh sir phu hdp c u a mo hinh R binh phiidng hi$u chinh
.572
Sai so chuln ciJa dv bao .465
Durt»n-Watson 1.732
Bong 3: Kiem djnh F
1 Mo hinh
Hoi quy SodU
"long
T^ng binh phUdng 109.554
64.891 174.444
df 6 264 269
Tmng binh binh phUdng 21.911
.246
F 89.141
Sig.
.OOOb
Bang 4. Ket qua phan tich hoi quy bpi
1 (NVstant)
GD TS SSKD QCCQ SDM
NV
Unstandanjized Coetficjents B 1 Std. Enor -.881
.184 .284 .308 .161 337 .235
.233 .038 .044 .053 .047 .047 .035
Standardized Coefficients Beta
191 .263
t
-3.779 4.868 6.487
Sig.
.000 .000 .000 .290 1 5.818 .000 .147 1 3.229
.313 ! 7.203 .220 ! 6.055
.001 .000 .000
3 6 4 So 17-Thdng 7/2020
KINHOOANH
GD: Gido due;
TD: Thai do;
SSKD: San sang kmh doanh;
QCCQ: Quy ehua'n ehu quan;
SDM: Sff damme;
NV: Nguon vo'n.
Ke'l qud phdn tich h6i quy cho tha'y, bid'n sff dam md (SDM) cd tde dgng manh nha'l de'n y dinh KSKD eua sinh vidn Trffdng Dai hpc Hdng Dffc (p = 0.313), khi sff dam me tang Idn 1 diem thi y dinh KSKD se tdng thdm dffdc 0.313 diem. Tid'p dd Id cde bie'n: sff sdn sang kinh doanh (p = 0.290), thdi dd (p = 0.263), gido due (p = 0.191);
Nguon vd'n (P = 0.220) va Quy ehuan chu quan (P = 0.147). Cde nhdn to'ndy cung difde xet tffdng Iff vd deu cd tdc ddng thuan chilu ldi y dinh KSKD cua sinh vidn Tffdng Dai hpc Hong Dffc.
5. Kd't Iu$n
Thdng qua phan lieh nhan Id'kham pha k^t hdp hoi quy tuye'n tinh, cae gia thuyd't nghidn cffu deu dffdc chd'p nhdn, nghla la edc nhan Id':
Thdi dd, quy ehuan chij quan, sff dam me kinh doanh, sff sdn sdng kinh doanh, gido due va
nguon vdn deu cd tdc ddng eung chilu tdi ^ dinh KSKD cua sinh vien Trffdng Dai hgc Hong Dffe Trong dd, nhdn to" sff dam me vd sff san sdng kmh doanh Id nhffng nhdn id' tac dpng manh nha't den y dinh KSKD. Vi vay, nha Irffdng can thffdng xuydn to ehffe hoat dpng lam tdng thdm sff dam me va sdn sdng kinh doanh trong sinh vidn nhu hpi thao, tga dam kinh doanh, cde eude thi y tffdng khdi nghidp,...
Day manh cae hoat ddng nay se lao dpng Iffc cho sinh vien vd gdp phan 1dm gia lang mong mud'n khdi nghidp. Ngoai ra, cIn eai tie'n chffdng trinh dao tao, phdt irien phffdng phdp giang day theo hifdng tie'p can, tffdng tae thffe tidn hoal dong kinh doanh, quan tam de'n vide giao due linh than va y chi kinh doanh. Mat khde, ed ihd' nghidn cffu thanh Idp edc trung idm ho trd, tff va'n ve KSKD. Trung tam nay ngodi viec giiip cho sinh vien hinh thdnh, phdi trien y dinh KSKD ma cdn hd trd eho sinh vidn nhffng thdng im ehinh xdc, day du va can thie't ve cde chu trffdng, chinh sdeh, luat doanh nghiep eung nhir thdng lin vi thi irffdng, dau iff •
IM cam an:
Bai bdo la ket qua nghien cdu cua de tdi cdp Bq: Nghien cdu edc yeu to dnh hddng den y tddng khdi nghifp cua sink viSn edc trUdng dqi hqc tren dia bdn dnh Thanh Hda, Ma so: B2018-HDT-08, do TrUdng Dqi hgc HSng Ddc chu tri. Tdc gid vd nhdm nghien cUu xin trdn trqng cdm On Nhd tri&ng da tgo dieu kifn tkuqn /(rf de thtfc hi^n nghien cdu ndy.
TAI m ; U THAM KHAO:
1. Nguyen Thu Thuuy (2015), Nghien cdu cde nhan tddnh hudng den tiem ndng khdi su cua sinh vien dgi hoc.
Ludn dn Tid'n sT, Trifdng Dai hpc Kinh te quo'c dan.
2. Thu ttfdng Chinh phu, (2016), Quyel dinh so 1665/QD-TTg, De dn "Hd tro HSSV khdi nghifp den ndm 2025".
3. Abdullah Azhar, Annum Javaid, Mohsin Rehman, Asma Hyder (2010), "Entrepreneunal Intentions among Business Students in Pakistan", Joumal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics. Voi.5, No.2.
4. Black. K. (2010), Business Slaticstics: Contemporary Decision Making, 6lh edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Bollen, K.A. (1986), Sample Size and Bentler and Bonetl's Nonnormed Fit Index. Psychomeirika. 51(3).
375-377.
6. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C, Babin, B J.. Anerson, R E. & Tatham. R.L. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. 5 (3), 207-219.
So 17-Thdng 7/2020 365
TAP CHi GONG THirdNG
Ngay nhdn bai: 15/6/2020
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va siJa chfia: 26/6/2020 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 6/7/2020
Thong tin ldc gid : 1. TS. LE QUANG HIEU
Phd tri/dng khoa Kinh te - Quan tri kinh doanh Trfftfng Dai hgc Hong DiJc
2. ThS. LE THI BINH
Giang vidn khoa Kinh td' - Quan tri kinh doanh Trtfdng D^i hpc Hong Dffc
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION OF STARTING A BUSINESS OF HONG DUC UNIVERSITY'S STUDENTS
• Ph.D LE QUANG HIEU
Vice Dean, Faculty of Economics a n d Business Administration, Hong Due University
• Master. LE THI BINH
Lecturer, Faculty of Economics a n d Business Administration, Hong Due University
ABSTRACT:
This study is to identify the factors affecting the intention of starting a business of Hong Due University's students. This study's data were collected from 300 students studying al Hong Due University and this study was conducted by using Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multivariate linear regression methods. The study's results show that there are 6 factors positively affecting the intention of start a business of Hong Due University's students, including attitude, subjective standards, passion for doing business, readiness for doing business, education and capital. In particular, the passion for business has the strongest impact on the start- up intentions of Hong Due University's students.
Keywords: Hong Due University, intention of starting a business, students.
3 6 6 So 17-Thang 7/2020
