D I N H D l / O N G VA THU'C A N C H A N N U O I
CHE BIEN BA MIA, LOI NGO LAM THtfC AN CHO GIA SUC NHAI LAI
Trdn Hiep'*, Nguyen Xudn Trach' vd Bui Quang Tud'i!' N g a y ntian bai bao- 02/03/2020 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 25/03/2020
N g a y bai b a o d i t o c c h a p n h a n d a n g : 27/03/2020 T O M T A T
Thi nghiem che bieh ba mia, loi n g o b a n g p h u a n g p h a p kiem hoa va u nam dirge tie'n h a n h trong phong nghien ciru cua Bg m o n Dinh d u o n g va Thiic an, khoa Chan nuoi, Hgc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam. Thi nghiem thu nghiem cac cong thuc kiem hoa ba mia va loi ngo sau' Kiem hoa voi 4% u r e va Kiem hoa voi 3 % ure ket h p p voi 2% voi (tinh theo VCK). Ba mia va loi ngo kiem hoa duoc danh gia chat l u p n g o thoi diem 10 ngay, 30 ngay va 60 ngay sau ii Thi nghiem d i n g dong thoi ciing thii nghiem cac cong thiic c h e b i e h ba mia va loi ngo voi 3 % va 4% nam Pleurotus eryngu (tinh theo d a n g sii dyng). Thoi gian u nam: 0, 3, 6 tuan. Ke't qua thi nghiem cho tha'y ba mia va loi ngo kiem hoa voi 4% ure hay 3 % ure ket h a p voi 2% voi deu cho san p h a m kiem hoa co gia t n p H dat tren 9, d^m m u i amoniac, co the bao quan d u o c trong thoi gian dai toi 60 ngay. Nong d o n a m sii dung de il ba mia va loi ngo kho thich h p p la 3%, thoi gian ti thich h p p la 3 tuan. Ba mia va loi ngo sau khi li voi chiing na'm Pleurotus eryngii 3 tuan, ham lupng protein tiio da tang tuong iing 102 va 112% so voi ban dau, ham l u o n g lignin giam t u o n g u n g 22,8 va 29,8%
Tii khoa: Kiem hod. u nam. phu pham, Pleurotus eryngu.
ABSTRACT
Alkaline a n d fungus incubation treatment of sugarcane bagasse, com cobs for ruminant's feeding
The study aimed to process sugarcane bagasse, com cobs by alkaline and fungus incubation treatment. The experiement was conducted at the research laboratory of the Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture. In the fist experiment, sugarcane bagasse or corn cobs were treated with 4% urea or 3% urea + 2%
lime (calculated by DM), samples were taken after 10, 30 and 60 days. In the second experiment, sugarcane bagasse or com cobs were incubated with 3% and 4% Pleurotus eryngii fungus (calculated by AF), samples was taken at the starting time of mcubation and after 3 and 6 weeks of incubation.
The results show that sugarcane bagasse and c o m cobs treated with urea and/or lime had high p H value (above 9) with strong smell of ammonia a n d can be be preserved u p to 60 days. In the fungus incubation experiment, the crude protein content of sugarcane bagasse and corn cobs after 3 weeks incubated with 3% Pleurotus eryngii mcreased by 102 and 112% while lignin content decreased by 22,8 and 29.8%, respectively. As a consequance, appropriate fungus concentration to mcubate sugarcane bagasse and c o m cobs was 3%, and the appropriate incubation time was 3 weeks.
Key words: Alkaiization, fungus incubation, by-products, Pleurotus eryngu.
1. OAT VAN DE b i e t t r o n g n h u n g t h a n g m u a D o n g / k h o k h i m a n g u o n CO bi h a n che'. N h u n g ba m i a v a 161 n g o Ba m i a va loi n g o la h a i n g u o n p h u p h i am deu CO nhuoc diem la kho tieu hoa va co ty le CO kho, lugng lon tai Viet Nam. Hai nguon ^^^^^.^ ^j^. -^.^ ^j^..^ p . . ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^ ,^5 j „ ^ phu pham nay giau chat xo nen c6 the dugc ^^^^ ^^^ ,^^,^ 5„ (^. y , g (^„„g ^^,^ gi3„
su dung lam thuc an cho gia sue nhai lai, dac ^^^ ^^.^ y-^, ^ j , ^ ^ p ^ ^ ^ g p,,^p ,,51 ,^ ^j, ' Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam nhom phuoTig phap hoa hoc dupc nghien cuu
^^iS^^'^!mi:£'SS::^^ a p d ^ n g . C a c p h u < ^ g p h a p c h e b i e h n a y c u n g vniia.edu.vn chiJ yeu du'tfc nghien ciiu su dung doi voi
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C AN CHANiJUgl
rem ilia va da cho ke't qua to't nhu tang Iugng thuc an an vao, tang ty Ie heu hoa ciia rorn Iiia, nang cao siic san xua't ciia bo thit (Wan va ctv, 2003). Tuy nhien, cac phuang phap vat I5' va hoa hpc thuang dat, co hai cho nguoi sii dung va khong than thien voi moi truong. Phuong phap sinh hoc bang each sii dung na'm re hang la mot trong cac phuong phap thay the'kha thi de nang cao gia tri dinh duong cua thiic an tho kho. Phuong phap nay than thien voi moi truang va co hieu qua kinh te (Tuyen va ctv, 2012). Tai Viet Nam, viec nghien ciiu che'bien nang cao gia tri sii dung ciia ba mia va loi ngo Bang 1, Thanh phan hoa hpc ciia ba
lam thiic an cho gia sue nhai 1 1 con rat han che. Bai viet nay trinh bay ke't qua danh gia hieu qua cua \'iec che bieh ba mia va loi ngo bing phuong phap kiem hoa va bang phuong phap li nam.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CllU 2.1. Vat lieu, thod gian va dia diem
Vat lieu nghien cim bao gom ba mia, loi ngo kho, giong nam Pleiirofiis enjiigii duoc lay 6 Bp mon giong cay trong, Khoa Nong nghiep, Dai hgc Wageningen Ha Lan.
nia va loi ngo kho (Tinh theo % VCK) Nguyen lieu
BSmia Loi ngo kho
VCK (%) 52,75 9t,S8
CP 2,70 2,57
CF 36,71 35,33
EE 0,20 0,22
Ash 2,06 1,62
NDF 78,6 76,3
ADF 40,4 37,4
ADL 14,6 10,9 G'ji chii: CP Protem tho, CF: Xo tho, EE Ma tho, Astr Khoang tong so. NDF: Xa kliong tan trong moi trucmg trung tinh; ADF: Xo khoug lan tivng mot trudng axit, ADL: Lignin.
Thi nghiem duoc tie'n hanh tir thang 11/2018 de'n thang 3/2019 tai Phong nghien cuu ciia Bo mon Dinh duong va Thuc an, khoa Chan nuoi, Hpc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam.
2.2. Phuong phap nghien ciiu
2.2.1. Che'bien bao quan bd mia, lot ngd bdng phuang phdp kiem hod
Nghien ciiu thu' nghiem 4 cong thiic kiem hoa ba mia, loi ngo:
Kl: Kiem hoa voi 4% ure (theo VCK) K2: Kiem hoa voi 3% ure+2% voi (theo VCK)
K3: Kiem hoa voi 4% ure (theo VCK) K4: Kiem hoa voi 3% ure+2% voi (theo VCK)
Ba mia dupc sir dung nguyen dang tir nha may san xuat mia duong Son La (kich thuoc 2-3cm). Loi ngo dupc nghien nho qua mat sang CO duong kinh 0,5cm. Ure va voi dupc hoa vao nuac (15% H,0 so voi ba mia), tuoi deu vao ba mia, loi ngo. Sau do, ba mia, loi ngo dupc cho vao binh nhua co dung rich 10 lit, nen chat, bit kin de li bao quan. Moi cong thiic u 9 binh. Ba mia va loi ngo ii dugc danh gia chat lugng o thoi diem 10 ngay, 30 ngay va
60 ngay sau ii. Cac chi tieu danh gia bao gom:
mau, miii, trang thai, dp moc, pH, thanh phan hoa hpc (VCK, CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, Ash).
2.2.2. Chebieh bdo quan bd mia, loi ngo bdng phuang phdp li nam
Chung na'm P. eryngii dupc lay 6 Bp mon gio'ng cay trong, Khoa Nong nghiep, Dai hpc Wageningen Ha Lan, Chung nam dupc bao quan trong moi truang nito long. Ban dau na'm dupc nuoi trong moi truong thach dia, tai 24"C cho de'n khi cac spi nam phat trien khSp be mat thach. Sau do, la'y mot mieng thach da CO nam (Icm^) nhan trong moi truong hat thoc vo triing tai 24^C cho den khi toan bo hat thoc deu bao phu bang cac spi nam. Bao quan nam tren hat thoc (Giong nam) 6 4^C cho den khi dung de li ba mia, loi ngo.
Xir ly ba mi'a voi 3 va 4% nam P. eryngii:
Tuoi 1 Ht nuoc vao 10kg ba mia de ba mia dat dp am 60-70%. Can 0,5kg ba mia cho vao hii nylon kich thuoc dai 30cmxr6ng 20cm, day 2,54mm, sau do buoc chat mieng tiii bang chun nit va hap tiet trimg tai nhiet dp Ul^C trong Ih. Sau khi vo triing, de nguoi trong dieu kien vo trimg tai nhiet do phong. Sii- dung giohg
KHKT Chdn nuoi .so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
DINH DU'QNG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
nam de li vol ba mia voi nong dp 3 va 4% theo dang sii dung. Moi cong thiic u 6 tui.
Xir ly loi ngo voi 3 va 4% nam R eryngii:
Tuoi 5,5 lit nuoc vao loi ngo kho da nghien de dam bao dp am ciia loi ngo dat 60-70%. Tie'n hanh u loi ngo nhu tie'n hanh ii ba mia. Moi cong thuc il 6 tui. Cac cong thiic dugc ii va lay mau trong thoi gian 0, 3, 6 Uian u. Moi mpt nong dp va thoi gian ii dupc lap lai 3 lan. Sau 3 tuan, 6 hian ii ba mia, loi ngo se dupc la'y mau de tie'n hanh phan tich thanh phan hoa hpc:
VCK, CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, Ash.
2.2.3. Phuong phdp xdc djnh thanh phan hoa hoc vd gid trj dinh duong
Mau nguyen lieu va thiic an ii lay theo tieu chuan Viet Nam TCVN 4325-2007. Cac chi tieu phan tich bao gom: VCK, CP, EE, CF, Bang 2. Chat luang cam q
NDF, ADF, ADL, Ash. VCK, CP, EE, CF va khoang tong so dupc phan tich theo cac tieu chuan tijong ling TCVN4326-2007, TCVN- 4328-2007, TCVN 4321:2007, TCVN-4327- 2007. NDF va ADF dupc phan tich theo Goe- ring va Van Soest (Goering & Van Soest 1970).
Mau thiic an ii chua dupc do pH theo Hartley va Jones (1978).
2.3. Xii ly solieu
Dit lieu duoc xir ly theo mo hinh phan tich phuong sai mpt nhan to (One-Way ANOVA) dua tren phan mem Minitab 16.0.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUTU
3.1. Che bien bao quan ba mia, loi ngo bang phuong phap kiem hoa
3.1.1. Ddnh gid cam quan bd mia kiem hod uan cua thiic an kiem hoa
CT
K l
Chi lieu t h e o d o i M a u sSc Mill, trang ttiai
D p m o c M a u sic
10 n g a y V a n g n h a t Mill khai xen mui r u p u , thiic a n m e m h e n b a n d a u , xen m a u
g i a m cmig
Vang nh(it, d i e m m a u trang
30 ngay V a n g n a u Mill khai, thiic an m e m h a n b a n d a u , xen m a u giam c u n g
V a n g n a u , diem m a u t r a n g Mill kha:
V a n g r 60 n g a y V a n g n a u i, thiic an m e m n h u n g
iau, d i e m m a u trang J. Mill khai xen miii r u p u , thiic
Mill, trang thai an m e m h o n b a n d a u , yen m a i giam Cling
_ D p m 6 < : _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _-__
M a u sSc V a n g n h a t V a n g n a u K3 Miii, t r a n g thai Mill khai n o n g , thiic an m e m Miii khai n o n g . thiic
_ D 9 n T & _ - _ ^_ _ _ •. _ . V a n g n h a t , d i e m m a u tr5ng V a n g n a u , diem m a u t r a n g V a n g n a u , diem m a u trang K4
Mill khai, thiic an m e m h o n Miii khai, thiic an m e m n h i r n g ban d a u , xen m a u giam ciing van con xen il m a u giam ciing
V a n g n a u Mill khai n o n g , thiic
Mill, trang thai Miii khai n o n g . thiic an n D p moc
Miii khai n o n g , IhiJc a Mill khai n o n g , thiic
Ghi chu: Kl: KH bd mia vdi 4% ure (theo VCK); K2: KHbd mia vdi 3% ure kei hop vdi 2% voi (theo VCK); K3: KH loi ngo v&i 4% ure (theo VCK); K4: KH loi ngd vdi 3% ure kei hgp vdi 2 % voi (theo VCK); - ; khong mdc.
Tai Viet Nam trong dieu kien miia He nhiet dp cao, qua trinh kiem hoa (KH) thiic an tho can khoang 7-10 ngay, con trong dieu kien miia Dong can 15-20 ngay, Sau 10 ngay KH, ba mia voi 4% ure co mau vang nhat, con KL voi 3% ure ke't hpp voi 2% voi co mau vang
nhat diem mau trang cua voi. Sau 30 va 60 ngay KH, ba mia chuyen sang mau vang nau.
Day la mau sac dac trung ciia ba mia hay ram kho KH. Ba mia KH voi 4% ure hay voi 3%
ure ke't hpp 2% voi deu co miii khai (miii ciia amoniac) xen miii rupu nhe. So di ba mia co
DINH DU'ONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
mill rupu nhe la do trong ba mia con lupng duong nha't dinh va 6 giai doan dau da dupc vi sinh vat chuyen hoa thanh rupu. Miii khai con dam deh 60 ngay bao quan chiing to ba mia KH co the bao quan tot de'n 60 ngay ma khong bi moc, tho'i hong (vi amoniac co kha nang chong nam mo'c ra't tot).
Trang thai cua ba mia kiem hoa mem, nhung khong bi nhun nat. Trang thai mem chiing to cac mo'i lien ke't giiia hgnin va cac thanh phan khac ciia vach te bao ba mia da bi cat dirt, con trang thai khong bi nhiin nat chimg to ba mia khong bi tho'i hong. Quan sat ta't ca cac binh it kiem hoa deu khong tha'y hien tu'png mo'c. Dieu nay dupc giai thich la do viec kiem hoa voi ure da tao ra amoniac va chat nay co kha nang chong nam mo'c rat tot.
3,1.2. Ddnh gid cam quan loi ngo kiem hod Cac chi tieu mau, miii, trang thai va dp moc cua loi ngo kiem hoa voi 4% ure hay 3%
ure ke't hpp 2% voi ve co ban deu nhu ba mia KH, chi khac biet la loi ngo KH khong co miii rupu nhe. Dieu nay la do lupng duong hoa tan trong 15i ngo kho hau nhu khong dang ke
Bang 3. Thanh phan hoa hpc cua
3.1.3. Ddnh gid gidn tiep ba mia kiem hod Khi KH thxic an tho, gia tri pH phai dat 9-10 thi cac moi lien ke't giua lignin voi cac thanh phan khac cua vach te' bao mai bi cSt diit. Ke't qua do pH ciia 2 cong thiic KH ba mia deu cho gia tri pH dat tren 9. Thay doi lon nha't ve thanh phan hoa hpc la t\' le protein tho ciia ba mia khi kiem hoa voi ure da tang tir 2,70% len 6,34% (tinh theo VCK). Thong thuong khi KH vai ure thi 1/3 nito se co' dinh vao te'bao thiic an tho con 2/3 se bay mat duoi dang NH,. Ty le CP ciia ba mia ciing nhu cac loai thiic an tho KH voi ure bie'n dpng manh phu thupc vao phuong phap lay mau, chuan bi mau phan tich. Mpt thay doi khac ve thanh phan hoa hpc la ty le lignin ciia ba mia sau KH giam nhe so voi ban dau. Nhu vay, chal kiem da co tac dung cat diit cac mo'i lien ket giiia lignin va cac thanh phan khac ciia vach te'bao thuc vat va do vay mot phan lignin da bi tach ra khoi vach te'bao, tao dieu kien cho cac enzyme va vi smh vat co the de dang xam nhap vao ben trong te'bao, tieu hoa cha't chiia te'bao.
ba mia, loi ngo kiem hoa (%VCK)
Chi tieu pH VCK (%) CP NDF ADF ADL Ash
Thai diem 10 ngay Kl
9,37 45,34 6,34 76,22 38,46 12,54 2,55
K2 9,53 44,86 5,43 76,84 37.95 12,14 3,12
K3 9,88 50,27 6,24 74,34 34,56 9,22 1,58
K4 9,40 49,88 5,38 74,65 33,62 9,34 2,86
Thcri diem 30 ngay Kl
9,36 45,66
6,88 74,56 37.34 11,36 2.64
K2 9,42 44,35 5,65 74,72 37,12 11,12 3,34
K3 9,54 50,62 6,76 73,20 34,32 8,76 1,76
K4 9,40 49,27 5,94 73,14 32,18 8,24 2,98
Thdi diem 60 ngay Kl
8,82 44,24 7,14 72,84 36,18 10,42 2,86
K2 8,94 43,54 6,28 73,12 35,98 10,26 3,62
K3 9,05 49,68 7,18 71,44 32,78 7,66 2,12
K4 9,10 49,12 6,42 71,24 31,16 7,46 3,14 3.1.4. Ddnh gid gidn tie'p loi ngo kiem hod
Cac chi tieu pH, protein tho, lignin ciia loi ngo KH vdi 4% ure hay 3% ure ke't hpp 2% voi ve CO ban deu nhu ba mia KH. O Viet Nam, ba mia va loi ngo kho hau nhu khong dupc sir dung lam thiic an cho gia siic nhai lai vi ba mia tai nha may san xua't mia duong, loi ngo kho tai xuong tach ngo hat thuong dupc bao quan khong to't dan deh bi moc, hong. Do vay, cung hau nhu' khong co cac nghien ciJu ve KH hai nguon phu pham nong nghiep giau chat xo tren lam thiic an cho gia siic nhai lai.
Cac nghien ciixi ve KH thiic an tho giau cha't
xo chu ye'u tap trung tren rom liia. Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia Nguyen Xuan Trach (2004) cho tha'y viec KH rom liia vin 4% ure hoac 3%
voi ke't hpp voi 4% ure da nang cao ro ret ty le tieu hoa chat huu co ciia rom liia va lam tang ro ret lupng rom thu nhan cua bo thi nghiem.
Viec KH ba mia va loi ngo kho voi 4%
ure hoac 3% ure ke't hpp 2% voi deu giup bao quan dupc ba mia va loi ngo kho thoi gian dai (toi 60 ngay) khong hi moc, dong thoi c6 tac dung nang cao dupc ty le CP ciia ba mia va loi ngo kho. Gia tri pH ciia ba mia va loi ngo KH deu dat >9 va trong moi truong nhu vay
38 KHKT Chdn nuoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020
W W G VA THIJ'C AN CHAN NUOI
h e n ke't g i i i a l i g n i n v o i cac t h a n h p h a n a v a c h t e ' b a o t h u c v a t se bi p h a vo, ty loa c a c cha't d i n h d u o n g ciia b a m i a v a se d u ' p c cai t h i e n .
e b i e n b a o q u a n b a m i a , l o i n g o b a n g g p h a p ia n a m
q u a c h o t h a y k h i it b a m i a v a loi n g o v o i t h i h a m l u p n g p r o t e i n t h o ciia b a m i a g o d a t a n g r o ret, t u o n g i i n g tir 2,86 v a t h a i d i e m 0 t u a n s a u ii) len 5,78% ( t a n g / a 5,82% ( t a n g 112%) 6 t h a i d i e m 3 tiian Trong k h i d o ty le l i g n i n d a g i a m m a n h , iJng hi' 14,58% v a 10,88% (thoi d i e m 0 u ii) x u o n g c o n 11,26% (giam 22,8%) va
; g i a m 29,8%) 6 t h a i d i e m 3 tijan s a u u . TOtem t h o t a n g v a ty le l i g n i n g i a m la o n g q u a n t r p n g c u a viec ii t h i i c a n t h o n . D i e u d o s e d a n d e h t a n g n g u o n c u n g a n g 4. T h a n h p h a n h o a h p c ciia b a m i a , loi
n i t o c h o v i sinh v a t d a co, t a n g tieu h o a thii'c an, t a n g n a n g s u a t c h a n n u o i .
Kuijk v a c t v (2015) c i i n g d a b a o c a o r a n g , sir d u n g n a m Pleurotus eryngii d a l a m g i a m h a m l u o n g h g n m va t a n g h a m l u p n g p r o t e i n t h o . C a c t a c gia c u n g d a sir d u n g na'm Pleurotus eryngu ii v o l r o m l u a m y v o i n o n g d p 3 % t r o n g 12 t u a n . Ke't q u a h a m l u o n g l i g n i n t r o n g r a m lua m y g i a m tir 8,11% xuo'ng 4,39%
V C K (P<0,01) v a h a m l u p n g C P t a n g tii 2,66%
len 3,47% V C K {P<0,01). T r o n g thi n g h i e m t r e n , viec ii na'm d a k h o n g a n h h u o n g n h i e u de'n h a m l u p n g x o ADF, d i e u d o co n g h l a la h a m l u p n g cellulose t r o n g b a m i a va 15i n g o it bi n a m sir d u n g . T r o n g k h i d o , h a m l u p n g xo N D F d a g i a m m a n h k h i u na'm, n h u v a y m p t p h a n h e m i c e l l u l o s e t r o n g ba m i a va loi n g o d a d u o c n a m sir d u n g d e p h a t trien.
n g o u n a m 6 t h o i d i e m b a t d a u li (%VCK) Thai diein bat dau u Thai diem 3 tuan u Thai diem 6 tuan li Nl N2 N3 N4 Nl N2 N3 N4 Nl N2 N3 N4 53,46 53,24 60,87 60,92 52,14
2,86 2,98 2,74 2,86 5,78 78,58 78,34 76,26 76,04 69,78 40,42 40,12 37,38 37,26 38,32 14,58 14,22 10,88 10,74 11,26
52,77 60,28 60,35 52,36 52,54 59,76 60.18 5,82 5,82 5,94 5,60 5,72 5,80 5,86 70,14 68,74 67,48 69,25 70,33 68,58 67,14 38,54 35,72 35,64 38,24 38,22 35,54 35,66 11,32 7„64 7,52 10,84 11,16 7,52 7,44 Nl: Bdmia u vdi 3% nam, N2: Bamia u vdi 4% nam; N3: Loi ngo u vdi 3% nam; N4: Loi ngo u vdi 4% nam
;hien ciiu ciia Kuijk va ctv (2015) ciing rJng ham luong hemicellulose trong a my giam tir 26,01% xuong 17,13%
li dimg 3% nam Pleurotus eryngii ii voi a my trong 12 tuan. Tuy nhien, ham , cellulose khong bi anh huong khi u eurotus eryngii ven ram liia my. Ke't qua
cuu a i a Kruijk va ctv (2015) ciing cho lg thai gian ii nam L. cdodes vai rom lua I deh 8 haan thi ham lupng ADL giam thap nha't tai tijan thii 8 (P<0,01), ham I:P tang va dat cao nhat tai tuan thu 8 ) Khi sir dung chung nam C. subvermi- n muc 0,5; 1,5; 3% khoi lupng cha't hroi -a, tac gia Kruijk va ctv (2016) da nhan lg nong do khac nhau da khong co anh deh su phan giai lignin trong miin cua C subvermispora. Tuy nhien, cung bo
sung nong dp do, nhung voi chimg nam L. edo- des, thi ket qua cho tha'y can phai ii mim cu'a vai it nha't 1,5% na'm L. edodes thi qua trinh phan giai lignin se dien ra nhanh han. Qua trinh phan giai lignin ty le thuan voi nong dp na'm bo sung khi li. Nong dp nam cang lon thi phan giai hgnin dien ra nhanh hon, do nam co co hpi tiep xiic nhieu hon voi co chat va tiet ra cac en- zyme phan giai lignin (Tuyen va ctv, 2012),
Huyen va ctv {2019a) cho bie't sau 4 hian u rom voi nam Pleurotus eryngii, protein tho ciia rom da tang gan gap doi, tii 4,19% len 8,10%, hong khi do ty Ie lignin da giam manh tii 9,67%
xuong con 6,43%. Dieu nay se giup nang cao ty le tieu hoa cua rom. Ket qua thi nghiem tren ciru cho thay ty le tieu hoa VCK ciia rom ii nam cao hon ro ret so voi ciia rom kho (53,5%
so voi 43,0%) (Huyen va ctv, 2019b).
•:hdn imoi so 256 - thdng 4 ndm 2020 39
DINH DU-ONGVA THU'C ANCHANNU^'
miii rupu nhe la do trong ba mia con lupng duong nha't dinh va 6 giai doan dau da dupc vi sinh vat chuyen hoa thanh rupu. Miii khai con dam deh 60 ngay bao quan chiing to ba mia KH co the bao quan to't de'n 60 ngay ma khong bi mo'c, tho'i hong (vi amoniac co kha nang cho'ng nam moc rat to't).
Trang thai ciia ba mia kiem hoa mem, nhung khong bi nhun nat. Trang thai mem chimg to cac mo'i lien ke't giiia lignin va cac thanh phan khac cua vach te'bao ba mia da bi cat diit, con trang thai khong bi nhiin nat chiing to ba mia khong bi thoi hong. Quan sat ta't ca cac binh ii kiem hoa deu khong tha'y hi^n tuong mo'c. Dieu nay dupc giai thich la do viec kiem hoa voi ure da tao ra amoniac va chat nay co kha nang cho'ng na'm moc rat to't.
3.3.2. Ddnh gid cam quan loi ngo kiem hod Cac chi tieu mau, miii, hang thai va dp moc ciia 16i ngo kiem hoa vol 4% ure hay 3%
ure ke't hpp 2% voi ve co ban deu nhu ba mia KH, chi khac biet la loi ngo KH khong co miii rupu nhe. Dieu nay la do luong duong hoa tan trong loi ngo kho hau nhu khong dang ke.
Bang 3. Thanh phan hoa hpc ciia
3.1.3. Ddnh gid gidn tie'p bd mia kiem hoa Khi KH thirc an tho, gia tri pH p)i^ ^^^
9-10 thi cac moi lien ket giii'a iigtnnvo^
thanh phan khac cua vach te bao mm m dirt. Ke't qua do pH ciia 2 cong thuc Kn mia deu cho gia tri pH dat tren 9. Thay doi lon nha't ve thanh phan hoa hoc la ty i? protem tho ciia ba mia khi kiem hoa voi ure da tang tir 2,70% len 6,34% (tfnh theo VCK). Thong thudng khi KH voi ure thi 1/3 nita se co dmh vao te bao thiic an tho con 2/3 se bay mat duoi d^ng NHj. Ty le CF oia ba mia ciing nhu cac loai tiiuc an tho KH voi ure bieii dpng manh phu thuoc vao phuong phap lay mau, chuan bi mSu phan Hch. Mot thay doi khac ve thanh phan hoa hoc la t}' !e lignin ciia ba mfa sau KH giam nhe so voi ban dau Nhu vay, chat kiem da co tac dung cat diit cac moi lien ket giiia hgnin va cac thanh phan khac ciia vach te'bao thuc vat va do vay mpt phan hgnin da bi tach ra khoi vach te'bao, tao dieu kien cho cac enzyme va vi smh vat co the de dang xam nhap vao ben trong te'bao, tieu hoa chat chua te'bao.
ba mia, loi ngo kiem hoa (%VCK)
Chi tieu pH VCK (%) CP NDF ADF ADL Ash
Thai diem 10 ngay Kl
9,37 45,34 6,34 76,22 38,46 12,54 2,55
K2 9,53 44,86 5,43 76,84 37,95 12,14 3,12
K3 9,88 50,27 6,24 74,34 34,56 9,22 1,58
K4 9,40 49,88 5,38 74,65 33,62 9,34 2,86
Thai diem 30 ngay Kl
9,36 45,66 6,88 74,56 37,34 11,36 2,64
K2 9,42 44,35 5,65 74,72 37,12 11,12 3,34
K3 9,54 50,62 6,76 73,20 34,32 8,76 1,76
K4 9,40 49,27 5,94 73,14 32,18 8,24 2,98
Thoi diem 60 ngay Kl
8,82 44,24 7.U 72,84 36,18 10,42 2,86
K2 8,94 43,54 6,28 73,12 35,98 10,26 3,62
K3 9,05 49,68 7,18 71,44 32,78 7,66 2,12
K4 9.10 49,12 6,42 71,24 31,16 3,14 3.1.4 Banh gid gidn tiep loi ngo kiem hod xo chu yeu tap trang tren rom lua. Ket qua
Cac chi tieu pH, protein tho, lignin cua loi nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Xuan Trach (2004) ngo KH voi 4% ure hay 3% ure ke't hop 2% voi cho thay viec KH rom liia voi 4% ure hoac 3%
ve CO ban deu nhu ba mia KH. 6 Viet Nam, vol ket hop voi 4% ure da nang cao ro ret ty le ba mia va loi ngo kho hau nhu khong duoc tieu hoa chat hiiu co ciia rom liia va lam tang sii dung lam thiic an cho gia sue nhai lai vi ^° ^^^ luong rom thu nhan ciia bo thi nghiem bii mia tai nha may san xua't mia duong, loi Viec KH ba mia va loi neo • i ,' • \<v ngo kho tai xuong tach ngo hat thudng dugc ure hoac 3% ure ke't hop 2% vli d"s!"s™ w bao quan khong tot dan de'n bi moc, hong. Do quan dugc ba mia va 16i ngo kl-.A Ih'm i"'' ^f ° vay, cung hau nhu khong co cac nghien ciiu (loi 60 ngay) khong bi moc dCm<. ihS c6T^' ve KH hai nguon phu pham nong nghiep giau dung nang cao dugc ty le CT ccM b i m' • chat xo tren lam thiic an cho gia siic nhai lai. loi ngo kho. Gia tri pH rua ba mia va B'^ "^
Cac nghien ciiu ve KH thiic an tho giau chat KH deu dat >9 va trong moi tniong n h ' " ? °
38 KHKT Chdn nuin so 256 - thdng 4 /iam202n
UIMH U U O N G VA THU'C A N C H A N N U O I
cac moi lien ket giiia lignin voi cac thanh phan khac cua vach te'bao thuc vat se bi pha vo, ty le tieu hoa cac chat dhih duong ciia ba mia va loi ngo se dugc cai thien,
3.2. Che bien bao quan ba mia, loi ngo bang phuong phap u nam
Ke't qua cho thay khi ii ba mia va 15i ngo voi 3% nam thi ham luong protein tho oia ba mia va loi ngo da tang ro ret, hrong img tii 2,86 va 2,74% (thai diem 0 hian sau ii) len 5,78% (tang 102%) va 5,82% (tang 112%.) 6 thai diem 3 hian sau u. Trong khi do ty le lignin da giam manh, hiang ling hi' 14,58% va 10,88% (thai diem 0 hian sau ii) xuong con 11,26% (giam 22,8%) va 7,64% (giam 29,8%) a thai diem 3 tuan sau ii.
Ty le protein tho tang va ty le lignin giam la 2 tac dgng quan trong ciia viec ii thiic an tho voi nam. Dieu do se dan de'n tang nguon cung Bang 4. Thanh phan hoa hpc ciia ba mia, loi
nita cho vi sinh vat da co, tang tieu hoa thiic an, tang nang sua't chan nuoi.
Kuijk va ctv (2015) cung da bao cao rang, su' dung nam Pleurotus eryngii da Iam giam ham luong lignin va tang ham luong protein tho. Cac tac gia ciing da sir dung nam Pleurotus eryngii ii voi rom liia my vol nong dp 3% trong 12 tuan. Ke't qua ham luong lignin trong rom liia my giam tir 8,11% xuong 4,39%
VCK (P<0,01) va ham lugng CP tang tii 2,66%
len 3,47% VCK (P<0,01). Trong thi nghiem tren, viec ii nam da khong anh huong nhieu de'n ham lugng xo ADF, dieu do co nghia la ham lugng cellulose trong ba mia va loi ngo it bi nam sir dung. Trong khi do, ham lugng xa NDF da giam manh khi ii na'm, nhu vay mgt phan hemicellulose trong ba mia va loi ngo da dugc nam sir dung de phat trien.
ngo li nam o thai diem bat dau li (%VCK)
Chi tieu VCK (%) CP NDF ADF ADL
Thtri diem bat dau N l
53,46 2,86 78,58 40,42 14,58
N2 53,24
2,98 78,34 40,12 14,22
N3 60,87
2,74 76,26 37,38 10,88 u
N4 60,92
2,86 76,04 37,26 10,74
N l 52,14
5,78 69,78 38,32 11,26
Thai diem 3 tuan i N2 52,77
5,82 70,14 38,54 11,32
N3 60,28
5,82 68,74 35.72 7„64
N4 60,35
5,94 67,48 35,64 7,52
Nl 52,36
5,60 69,25 38,24 10,84
rhai diem 6 tuan i N2 52,54 5,72 70,33 38,22 11,16
N3 59,76
5,80 68,58 35,54 7,52 li
N4 60,18
5,86 67,14 35,66 7,44 Ghl chu' Nl: Bd mia uv&i3% ndm;N2- Bdmiaii vdi 4% nain; N3: Loi ngo uvdi3% nam; N4- Loi ngo u vdi 4% nam
Nghien ciiu ciia Kuijk va ctv (2015) ciing chi ra rang ham lugng hemicellulose trong ram liia my giam tir 26,01% xuo'ng 17,13%
VCK khi dimg 3% nam Pleurotus eryngii ii vai rom Ilia my trong 12 tuan, Tuy nhien, ham lugng cellulose khong bi anh huong khi u na'm Pleurotus eryngu voi ram Iiia my. Ke't qua nghien cuu aia Kruijk va ctv (2015) ding cho thay tang thoi gian u na'm L. edodes voi rom liia my tir 2 de'n 8 tuan ttu ham Iugng ADL giam va dat thap rihat tai tuan thii 8 (P<0,01), ham lugng CP tang va dat cao nhat tai tuan thir 8 (P<0,01). Khi sir dung chung na'm C. subvermi- spora vai miic 0,5; 1,5; 3% kho'i luong cha't tuoi mim cua, tac gia Kruijk va ctv (2016) da nhan tha'y rang nong do khac nhau da khong co anh huong deh su phan giai lignm trong miin cua ciia na'm C. subvermispora. Tuy nhien, cung bo
sung nong dp do, nhung voi chung na'm L. edo- des, thi .ke't qua cho thay can phai ii mim cua voi it nha't 1,5% na'm L. edodes thi qua trinh phan giai Hgnin se dien ra nhanh hon. Qua trinh phan giai lignin ty Ie thuan voi nong dg nam bo sung khi u. Nong do nam cang lon thi phan giai lignin dien ra nhanli hon, do na'm co ca hpi tie'p xiic nhieu han voi co chat va tie't ra cac en- zyme phan giai lignin (Tuyen va ctv, 2012).
Huyen va ctv (2019a) cho bie't sau 4 tuan ii rom voi nam Pleurotus eryngii, protein tho ciia ram da tang gan ga'p doi, tir 4,19% len 8,10%, trong khi do ty Ie lignin da giam manh tir 9,67%
xuo'ng con 6,43%. Dieu nay se giiip nang cao ty le tieu hoa ciia rom. Ke't qua thi nghiem tren ciru cho thay ty le tieu hoa VCK ciia ram u nam cao hon ro ret so voi cua ram kho (53,5%
so vai 43,0%) (Huyen va ctv, 2019b).
DINH DU'ONG VA T H U ^
Tuy nhien, cung giohg nhu bat cii sinh vat nao, nam ciing can cellulose, hemicellulo- se hoac cac nguon carbon khac cho su phat trien ciia chiing, san pham cuoi ciing la prote- in nain va CO,. Cac san pham cuoi ciing nay da Iam ma't mat VCK ciia rom so voi truoc khi ii na'm. Tuyen va ctv (2013) da bao cao ton that VCK dao dpng 4,5-26,2% khi ram duoc ii voi na'm Pleurotus eryngii. Do vay can co nhiing nghien ciiu sau rpng han ve hieu qua ciia viec sir dung nam trong che'bien thiic an giau chat xa noi chung, ba mia va loi ngo noi rieng truac khi ap dung vao san xua't chan nuoi. Ke't qua thi nghiem cho tha'y nong do na'm sii' dung de il ba mia va loi ngo kho thich hgp la 3%, thoi gian ii thich hgp la 3 tuan.
4. KET LUAN
Ba mia va loi ngo KH vai 4% hay 3% ure ke't hpp 2% voi deu cho san pham KH co gia tri pH dat tren 9, dam miii amoniac, co the bao quan duoc trong thoi gian dai toi 60 ngay
Nong dp na'm sir dung de ii ba mia va loi ngo kho thich hgp la 3%, thai gian u thich hgp la 3 tuan. Ba mia va loi ngo sau khi li voi chiing nam Pleurotus eryngii 3 tuan, ham lupng CP da tang tuong ung 102 va 112% so voi ban dau, ham luong lignin giam tuong iing 22,8 va 29,8%
Can tieh hanh thi nghiem nuoi duong cac khau phan co sii' dung ba mia va loi ngo dugc xii' ly bang KH 4% hay 3% ure ke't hop 2% voi va il na'm de danh gia nang sua't va hieu qua chan nuoi.
TAI LIEU THAIVl KHAO ^ ^^^^ous . H a r l e y R.D. a . d Jories E. ^ ^ ^ l ^ ' X . s . t , m "^
a m m o n i a a n d other alkalis on "^^ ' ,_<|g barlev Straw. J. Sci. Food & Agr., 29W ' ^ ^ ^ B.Q.
2 H u y e r , N . T , T u y e t Le ^ - J » " ^ « , „ « - / " s (2019a), F e r m e n t i n g n e e straw with the n^^6^^^ ^ ^ the erynpi mcreased the content °^ f'fij^.^s, for R^ral digestibilitj' of the straw. '-''•'^'""^?,^//w^vwlrrd-org/
Development 31, Article 125 t^^V' lrrd31/2/nfhuv31025 html j ^ „ X u a n . . N g u y e n TW H u y e n , B " * Q ' " ' ; § N ^ y ; „ Thi T u y e t N g h i e n , N g u y e n T h i Bieh T h u y ^^ ' » / ^ ^ ^ ^^^^y, Le (2019b). Effect of Using F " " ? ^ ' . , ' ^^d Microbial m S h e e p Diet on Nutrients Digestiom j ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ 3 / Protein SjTithesis Asian J. Anim-
^'^^•^"'^ . ^ K* R;iaK T I.P., H e n d r i k s 4 . K u i i k S . J . A . V . , S o n n e n b e r g A S M . , « a J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^
W.H. a n d C o n e J.W. (2015) ^ " y ^ ^ i ^ p e a e s , biomass Importance ot rung _ f _^
hgnocellulosic colonizahon and time
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7. Tuyen V.D., P h u o n g H.N., Cone J W . , B a a r s J.J.P., S o n n e n b e r g A . S . M . a n d H e n d r i k s W . H . (2012), Interaction b e t w e e n fungus a n d fibrous a g n c u l t u r a l b y - p r o d u c t on chemical composition and »i i'ltro r u m e n f e r m e n t a h o n a n d m e t h a n e p r o d u c h o n Bioresource Technology, D O P 10.1016/| biortech 2012 02.001.
o. T u y e n D.V., P h u o n g H N, C o n e J.W., B a a r s J.JP., S o n n e n b e r g A . S . M . a n d H e n d r i k s W.H. (2013). Effect of fungal t r e a t m e n t s of fibrous a g n c u j h i r a l b y - p r o d u c t s on chemical c o m p o s i t i o n a n d in v i t r o r u m e n fermentation and m e t h a n e p r o d u c t i o n Bioresource Tech., 129; 256-63 9. Van S o e s t P.J., R o b e r t s o n J.B. a n d L e w i s B.A. (1991).
M e t h o d s for d i e t a r y hber, n e u t r a l d e t e r g e n t fiber, a n d n o n starch p o l y s a c c h a r i d e s in relation lo aninnal nutrition. J.
Dair>' Sci, 74 3583-97
B O S U N G CHE P H A M ^ '
I H o c v i e n c a o h o c T r u o n g i ) ! ' .,
• T n r o n g D^i hoc N o n g L a m B.ii: C • n ' H Q C vien N o n g n g h i e p Vici N a m ' T a c gia lien he PCS TS. D a n g Thuy \ i n N a m , Trau Quy, Gia Lam. Ha Noi Dien ti
T C H I E T U A T .^.~i L O N C O ^ . iin riiir. Ooan Phuwig Thuy^ vd Dn";,' , / mung^*
.<f^.^ nhanbai phan bien: 05/02/2020 chap nluin dong: 08/02/2020
I dLiaii;; - T h u c an, Khoa C h a n n u o i . H o c vien Ni 'OBS^")!! Email n h u n g t h u y d a n g s o g m a i l . "'"Snshipv,,,
40 KHKT Chan nuot so 256 - thati^ '^^tiin^^}^
