KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
IVGHIEIXI CLTLI HOAlXI THIEIV Q U Y TRIMH COIVG IXIGHE SAIXI XLIAT THIT B O IVIOT IXIAMG B A I X I G PHLTQIXIG P H A P
S A Y CHAIXI KHOIXIG
U Phan Thiiy Hanh^ Trdn Quy^t Thdng^
TOMTAT
Quy trinh san xuat thit bo mot ndng bang phuong phap say chan khong duoc nghien ciru Ket qua cho thay, d^ nang cao chat luong san pham, than bo duoc tam irop voi mudi 1%, tdi 2%, ot bot 1%, sa 2%, ngu vi huong hi&u Con Nai 0.4%, polyphosphate 0,3%, nuoc mdm 2%, duimg 5%. Sau do duuc sdy chan khong a nhiet do 40''C va ap suat 0,02 bar trong thoi gian 2 gio. San phdm sau khi say chan khong duoc bao goi hut chan khong va bao quan lanh (5 ± 2*'C) hoac dong (-5 - -lO^C). Vot nhiet do lanh thi san pham bao quan duoc 9 ngay, con d nhiet do dong san pham bao quan duoc 50 ngay thi san pham an toan v6 mat vi sinb va co mau sdc trong miic ua thich
Titkh6a:-6o^/io, bdmotna'ng. gui tiinb san xuat bo mot ning; say chan khong.
I.DATVANDE
Thit bo mot ndng eon co ten gpi la bo mot ndng, hai suong CO ngu6n goc tu thi tran Cting Son ndm tren cao nguyen Son Hoa thuoc tinh Phti Yen. San pham thit bo cung nhu thit bo mot ndng eung cap nhigu chdt dinh duong nhu protein, chat beo, canxi, photpho, sdt, kem, vitamhi... (Vien Dinh duong, 2007). Ben canh gid tri dinh duong, tinh tten dung gitip sdn pham nay ngdy edng dugc phat trien rong rai fren thi truong.
De CO mon thit bo mot ndng ngon va dung dieu, phdi chon bo eo to, dugc chan tha tu nhien tren cac trien ntii, me song ngoai mi6n Tay, Phii Yen. Trung binh de co dugc 1 kg thit bo thanh pham, can d6n gan 2 kg nguyen li^u bo tuoi dugc chgn lgc ky cang tiiphan thit diii va thit than. Phan thit nay dugc iam sach, cat mieng cd do day 1 - 1,5 em, dugc tam udp cimg vol sd, ot, ruou vang va gia vi. Tiep theo phoi ndng 1 - 2 gia, r6i cho vao 16 say kho de loai bo 50%
luong nuoe trong thit. Cu mot 1 gio 30 phtit tro mot Idn, thao tae nhu vay frong thoi gian 12 gio, sau do phoi suong 1 gio, 10 phtit fro mgt Idn. Sdn pham sau khi phot say loai bo lugng nuoc, phdn con lai se se kho, CO dp ngot tu nhien va huong vi dac trung ciia thit, bdo qudn o nhiet dp thuong khodng 12 tieng, ngan mat tu lanh khodng 3 ngay, bdo quan trong ngan da tii lanh khoang 3 thang.
Tmong Dai hoc Cong nghiep thirc pham TP. Ho Chi Minh
San pham bo mgt ndng san xuat bdng phuong phap thti cdng a quy m6 nho tai dia phuong co nhung ban che nhu chat lugng khong on dinh, then gian ch^ bien dai, gia hi edm quan thap.
Say chan khong la phuong phap duoc sic dung phd bien hien nay thay the eho phuong phap phoi nang voi cde uu di^m nhu: thoi gian say ngdn, do am san pham thap, mau sdc, miit vi vd thdnh phdn cua sdn pham duge giu lai va giam rut ro phu thuoc vao thoi tiet (Madamba va Liboon, 2001). Viec Omg dijng phuong phap sdy chan khong thay cho phuong phdp phoi ndng nhdm nang cao chat lugng sdn pham, gidm thoi gian say va dac biet la ban che duoc hu hong san pham do dnh huong cua thoi tiet xau la van de cap thiet.
Z. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.LVathSu
2.1.1. Nguydn lieu thinghiem
Than bo la tbanh phdn chinh, dugc thu mua tir sieu thi Coop mart. Thit co mau do tuoi, h& mat kho rao, san chac, co do dan h6i cao va miii thom dac trung (TCVN 7046 : 2009), eiing cac gia vi duoc phdi trdn theo bang 1.
21.2 Thiet bi thi nghidm
Thidt bj sdy chan khdng Vacucell, sd model:
VUS-B2V-M/VU111, duge san xudt boi Cong ty MMM Medeenter - Dtic. Dung tich long: 111 ht;
nhiet do lam viec: + 5"C den + 200''C; thong sd dien - dien 50/60 Hz.
85
KHOA HOC CONO NGHi
Thanh phan Ngu vi hucmg (%)
Muoi (%) DUOTIE (%) Toi (%)
at(%) Sa(%) Nuoc mam (%) Polyphotphate
B3ng 1. C6ng thiic nho Cong thiic 1
1 5 2 1 2 2 0.3
C6ng thiic 2 Hieu Chim Ung
0.4 1 5 2 1 2 2 0.3
Iron Cong thiic 3 Hieu Con Nai
0.4 1 5 2 1 2 2 0.3
Cong thiic 4 Hieu Thanh Phat
0,4 1 5 2 1 2 2 0.3 Thiet bi so mau: May so mau Nippon Densholiu
Handy Colorimeter NR-3000. Nhat Ban.
Hinh 1. Thi^t hi s^y chan khong
Say chan khong: nhdm gidm bot hdm lugng am tao dp dai cho san pham. Say 6 0,02 bar; 40''C; 4 gio.
Dmh lugng: khoi lugng 300 g/goi.
Bao got chan khong: thit bo duoc xep fren khay xdp va bao goi hiit chan khong voi tiii PA. Bdo qudn:
frong dieu kiSn lanh hoac lanh dong.
Hinh 2. Thi^t hi so mau
2.2. D4 xu^t quy trinh c6ng nghe san xuat thit bo kho mOt ndng
2.2.1. Sadd quy trinh cdng nghe dukid'n So dd quy trmh cong nghe du kien fren hinh 3.
2.2.2. Thuyet minh quy trinh cdng nghe Than bo: mau do tuoi, mo co mdu vang tuoi, gan mau frdng, tho thit mem, nho, khong qua min, cd do dan hoi tdt, khdng dinh tay va khong cd mui hoi.
Xii ly: Rua sach thit fren voi nuoc. Diing dao loai bo het nhung phan mo, gan cdn xdt lai frfin thit. Cat theo so dgc cua mieng thit, kich thuoc cb bdn tay, do ddy 1 cm.
Tdm uop: theo bdng 1, udp frong 30 phtit.
T h a n b o X u l y T a m u o p s a y c h a n k h d n g
B i n h liTong B a o goi h u t c h a n k h o n g
Hmh 3. Qui trinh cong ngh$ san xu^t thit b6 kh6 mOt nlngduki^n
2.3. Phuong phdp nghi6n cuu
2.3.1. Phuang phap nghien cuu thuc nghiem don yeu td
Su dung phuong phap nghien ciiu thue nghidm don yen td de nghien cuu anh hudng rieng cua 4 yeu td thdi gian udp, nhiet do say, thoi gian say vd dp suat ehan khong frong budng say d^n mau, mui, vi, frang thai san pham va mtic dp ua thich ciia ngudi tieu dung.
Khoang nghien ctiu cua cac yeu td nhu sau:
86 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Thdi gian udp: 15,30, 45, 60 phtiL Nhiet do say; 10, 20,30,40,50, eCC.
Thoi gian sdy: 2,4,6,8 gio.
Ap suat chan khdng frong buong say: 0,00;
0,02; 0,04; 0,06; 0,08; 0,1 bar.
2.3.2. Phuong phip nghidn cuu thuc nghiem da yeu td
Su diing phuong phap nghien cuu thuc nghiem da yeu td de nghien cuu anh hudng dong thdi cua 3 yeu td: Nhiet dp say, thoi gian say va ap suat chan khdng frong buong say den cac chi tieu ve chdt luong san phdm va mtic do ua thich ciia nguoi tieu diing.
2.3.3. Phuong phap xic dinh mdt sd chi tidu cua san phim
Phuong phdp xdc dinh mdu san pham bdng mdy so mdu sac thit Nippon Denshoku Handy Colorimeter NR-3000, Nhat Ban.
Phuong phdp cho di^m chat lugng sdn pham tiieo TCVN (321S79).
Phuong phdp thi hieu - phep thti uu tidn cap ddi.
Tdng sd vi smh vat hieu khi dupe xac dinh theo AOAC 966.23-2005.
2.3.4. Phuong phip phan ti'ch va xu ly so lieu thi nghidm
Tdt cd cdc thi nghifim dugc lap lai 3 Idn. Ket qua dupe tiinh bay 6 dang TB ± SD. Phdn mem SPSS 16 dtrpc su dung de tim ra su khac biet giua cdc thi nghiem qua xu ly ANOVA va LSD. Phan mem JMP duoc ting diing de qui hoach thuc nghiem va tdi uu hda qua trinh say. D 6 thi dugc ve bdng phan m^m Microsoft Excel.
3. KET QUA NGHBU CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. K^t qua nghifen cmi thuc nghifem don y^u to 3.1.1. Khao sit inh hudng ciia cdng thuc udp va
1 udp
Ket qua ddnh gid cam quan theo phuong phdp eho diem de xdc dinh cong tiiuc tam udp va thdi gian udp dugc the hien d- hmh 4.
Hinh 4 eho thay cong thtic 3 vuot frdi hon cac cong thtic con lai, cu the la d- cot cau tnic va mdu sde, vung ciia cong thtic 3 rpng hon eac cdng thtic khac.
Con a cdt vi vd cot mui, cong thuc 3 cting cd do rdng tuong duong vdi eac cong thiic cdn lai. Cdng thtic 3 cd tong diem cam quan cao hon so vdi cac cdng thtic edn lai. Vi the, chgn cong thtic 3 de tiep tuc nghien ciiu.
Hinh 4. Bi^u d6 ddnh gia cdm quan cong thiic tdm udp
(a): Cdng thuc tim udp; (b): Thdi gian tim udp Bieu do 4b cho thdy viing phan bd ciia mau cd thdi gian udp 30 phtit rdng hon cac viing edn lai, dat btet la 6' cot mau sdc, mui, vi cd sir chenh lech ro rang hon cde mdu ed thdi gian tam udp khac. Cdn d- cdt eau tnic, 4 mdc thdi gian tam udp co di^m cam quan tuong duong nhau. Thdm vao dd, tdng diem danh gia cdm quan eiia mdu cd thdi gian udp la 30 phut cd gia fri cao hon cac mau cdn lat. Vi vay, chgn thoi gian udp thit la 30 phtit de tiep tue nghien ctiu.
3.1.2. Khio sat anh hudng cua chd do say Ket qua xac dinh muc do ua thich miu sic cua sin phim
Ket qua khao sat ve miic dp ua thieh vd khoang mdu sde cua sdn pham dugc the hien trong bdng 2 va hinh 5.
Bang 2. Miic dO ua thich Thai gian say (gia)
AE Diem ua thich
1 2.432 5.897
2 4.322 5.621
va AE v^ m^u sac cua san phani 3
6.472 5.552
4 8.057 5.690
5 11.056 4.276
6 13.743
3.793 7 15.867
3.138 u...„ .... . ^ . 1 . : ..„ miu 5. 6. 7 giam nhanh ca ve miic do ua thich va Khi tang thai gian say. mau sac cua mau giam " " " "; "' *
dan khi gia tri AE tang (Bang 2). kem theo do. miic ™ " ''^'^•
do ua thich ve mau sjc c i a cac mSu cung co xu Ben canh do. tir k^t qua khao sat miic do ua huong giam din. dac biet miic do ua thich a cac thich ve mau sac ciia san pham (Hinh 5). cho thay 87
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl cac mau 1, 2, 3, 4 la nhimg mau cd mau sde ua thich
nhat va mdu sdc giiia cac mau nay khong cd su khae biet khi danh gia ve muc do ua thieh. Gia trt AE tang len trong cac mau 1, 2, 3, 4, tuy nhien, viee tang nay khd danh gia bdng true quan dugc vi th^ chpn AE ciia mau 4 Id 8,05 la gioi han mau sdc ctia sdn pham de nghien etiu.
Hinh 5. Miic dp ua thich v^ mau sdc cua san pham Mau ed ky tu khae nhau (a - c) the hien su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke (p< 0,05)
Ket qua do mau san pham sau kht say duoc the hien d' hinh 6.
1 i l l 111)11
In
Hmh 6. K^t qua khdo sdt ch^ dd sdy (a) Sir anh huong cua thdi gian say len AE; (b) Sir inh hudng cua nhiet do len AE; (c) Su- anh h udng ciia ip suit Idn AE
Mlu cd ky tu khac nhau (a - e) thd hien su khde btet CO y nghia thdng ke (p< 0,05)
Thoi gian sdy cd anh hudng den gia tri AE trung binh, su anh huong nay cd y nghia thdng ke vdi P =
0,005 < a. Cling vdi su tang thdi gian say thi mau sac ciia san pham eung gidm dan do lupng nude eua san pham mat dt nhieu va ham lugng chat khd tang len.
So vdi cac mdu 2 gtd' va 4 gid" thi mdu 6 gid' va 8 gid cd su khac bi^t ve fri sd AE, cd nghia la cd su khac biet vd mau sdc kha nhteu. Mdu 2 gid' va mdu 4 gid' khong cd su khae biet va cd gia tn AE frung binh thap nhat ndn chgn thdi gian 2 - 4 gid' de tdi uu hda che do say.
Nhiet dd say cung anh hudng den mau sde ctia san pham, sij dnh hudng nay cd y nghia thdng ke vdi P < 0,05, nhidt do cang tang thi gia fri AE frung bmh cang tang. Gia tri AE edng cao tiii su khde bidt mdu sdc vdl mdu thit tuoi edng cao. Cae mdu say d* nhidt dp tii 10 - 40''C c6 su khae biet ve man sdc ddi vdi mdu nguyen hdu thit tuoi la thap vd khdng vugt qua 8,05, khi say b 50 - 60°C thi AE vupt qua gia tn mau sde ua i-hich eiia san pham. Nhiet dd say cang cao thi tdc do b 1c hot nude cang tang. De thuan tien khi san xuat va g am cht phi ve nhien heu, ehpn nhiet dp 30 - 40''C de tdt tm hda che do say.
Ap sudt chan khong cung anh huong den mau sdc ctia san pham, sir dnh hudng nay ed y nghia thdng ke vdl P = 0,01. (J hinh 6c cho thay, gid tri AE trung binh phu thudc vao dp suat, kht say d' dp suat thay ddi thi tdc do bdc hoi nude frong sdn phdm cung thay ddt, kht giam ap suat cang thap thi tdc dd bay hot nude cang manh vi nhtet do sdi cua nude giam. O mdu 1 gia fri AE vuot qud gid tri AE ua thich (8,05) la do tdc do bay hoi nude manh lam eho mau sdc sdn pham sdm lai. Voi mdu 4 thi d' 0,06 bar (45 mmHg) nhiet dd sdi tuong duong khodng 45"C. Vi vay, tdc do bay hoi nude eiia sdn pham rat yeu va mdu sde it bi thay ddi tijy nhien b^ mat san phdm con udt do bam luong nuoc cdn nhteu.
Vdi hat mdu 2 va 3 co mau sdc san pham trong khoang gidi han ua thich ve mau sac (AE < 8,05) nen chpn dp suat dd khao sat tdi uu la 0,02 - 0,04 bar (15 - 30 mmHg).
3.2. K^t qua nghiSn ctm thuc nghiem da y^u td 3.2.1. Xay dung ma tian thinghiem Bang 3. Cac miic ciia y^u
Yeu to thi nghiem Nhiet da (XI) Thm gian (X2) Ap suat (X3)
\6 trong thi nghifem t6i uu hoa Miic y^u td 30
120 0.02
0 35 180 0.03
+ 40 240 0.04 Cac mirc aia bien ma hoa: + (miic cao), - (ante thap), 0 (miicca sir), a -1,682
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Thi nghiem tdi uu che dp say dugc xdc dinh vdi ^^^ (canh tay ddn a = 1,68) dugc dp dung de xac 3 yeu td Id nhiet dd, thdi gian vd dp suat sdy vdi ^^"^ ^^^ ^d say sdn pham. Bdng 3 trinh bay cac miic phuong phdp be mat dap iing (Response Surface ^"^ ^^ nghiem tdi uu hda.
Metiiodology - RSM) vdi phuong an quay bac 2 cd Sd thi nghiem: N = 2i^ + 2k + n^ - 2^ + 2.3 + 3 = 17.
Bang 4. Ma tran thi nghiem Nghiem
thiic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Kieu thi nghiem
+—
00a OaO aOO OOA
+ + +
++- OAO
- + -
+-+
000
- + +
000 AOO 000
—+
Bi^n thuc X,
40 35 35 26.59
30 35 40 40 35 30 40 35 30 35 43.408
35 30
X 2
120 180 79.09
180 120 180 240 240 280,90
240 120 180 240 180 180 180 120
X j
0.02 0.013 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.046 0.04 0.02 0.03 0,02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
AE
ythucnBhiem
5.23 6.34 6.91 6.76 6.94 7.56 9.03 7.85 8.35 7.76 8.3 7.32
6.8 7.32 8.04 7.12 6.66
Vdudoan
5,478 6,321 6,795 6,852 6,803 7,568 9,175 7,704 8,453 7,834 8,234 7,254 6,560 7,254 7.937 7.254 6,814 3.2.2. Xay dungmd hinh toan
Bang 5. K^t qua tinh todn vd ki^m fra y nglua cac h^
sd cua phuong trinh hoi qui He so
bo b, b2 b, b,2
b i 3
b!3 b„
b22 B33
Gia tn uoc luang 7.253969 0,32238 0,492923 0,370641 0,29875 0,68625
•0.32125 0.049664 0.130982 -0.10944
Gia tri P
<.0001 0,0006
<,0001 0,0003 0,0041
<.0001 0.0028 0.4349 0.0653 0.1108 Cac he sd khdng cd y nghia thdng kevdiP> 0.05 Ket qua xii ly sd heu cho thay cd cac he sd cd y nghia Ihdng ke (P < 0,05) la bo, b,, b^, h^, h^, b,-), bas va 3 he sd bu, b22, hx^ la khdng cd y nghia thdng ke
(P > 0,05). Nhuvay, cdc he sd bu. bj^, bg^bi loai khdi phuong trinh hoi qui.
Phuong trinh hdi qui thuc nghiem cd dang nhu sau:
Y = 7,25 + 0,32X1 + 0,49X2+ 0,37X3 + 0,29XiX2+
0,68X1X3-0,32X2X3
Ket qua kiem tra tinh tuong thich ciia phuang trinh hdi qui vdi thuc nghiem cho thdy cac yeu td thi nghiem cd anh hudng len sij thay dot mau sac ctia san phdm (P < 0,05). Tinh tuong thieh ciia phuong trinh hdi qui dugc kiem fra vdi su hd trg cua phdn mem JMP cho thay R^ = 0,98, P < 0,001. Phuong tiinh hdi qui se tuong tiiich vdi thuc nghiem neu ket qua phan tich "lack of fit" la khdng ed y nghia thdng kd (Kun - Nan Chen va Ming - Ju Chen, 2008). Ket qua cho thdy kiem dinh "lack of fit" Id khong cd y nghia thdng ke (Pprob> F); "^hu vay, phuong trinh hdi qui cd su tuong thich cao vdi thue nghiem. Tdm lai, mo hinh thdng ke ed the dugc su diing de du dodn che do sdy cho san pham.
89
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3.2.3. Xac dinh cic thdng sd tdi uu
Ket qua tdi uu eho thay, khi to hgp ca hai yeu td nhiet dp vd thoi gian, AE dat gia tn thdp nhdt la 5,47
± 0,38 vol ehe do say nhu sau: nhidt dp 40''C frong thdi gian 120 phtit vdi ap suat 0,02 bar (15 mmHg).
Thiet lap che dd say cho sdn pham cd mau sac nam frong khoang mdu sdc dugc ua thich (AE < 8,05) vdi su hd frg cua phdn mdm JMP dugc ket qua nhu sau:
nhiet do sdy 30 - 36°C, thoi gian 120 - 200 phut, dp suat 0,02 - 0,035 bar.
(a) (b) (c) Hinh 7. BS m^t ddp iing anh huong cua ch^ dp say d^n gid tri AE
(a): Anh hudng nhiet do va thdi gian den AE; (b): Anh hudng cua nhiet do va ip suit den AE; (c): Anh hudng cua thdi gian vi ip suit den AE
3.3. Nghidn ciiu kha nang t6n frfi thit bd khd mdt ndng
Nhiet do vd thdi gian bao quan anh huong ddn mdu sdc, mitt vi, cau tnic va miic do an toan ciia sdn pham. Nhiet do va thdi gian bdo qudn sdn pham khong hgp ly se lam gidm eau tnic, mui vi ctia san pham, ddng thdi ed the sinh ddc td ldm san pham mat tinh an toan. Viec xac dinh che dp bdo quan se dua ra dugc dieu kien thich hgp de luu trii sdn pham truoc khi su dung.
3.3.1. Ket qua bio quin lanh dnhlet do 5± 2'C
Tir ket qud cac thi nghiem kiem fra 6' bang 5 cho thdy thit bd mgt ndng bao quan nhiet do lanh d^n ngay thti 12 khdng cd sir thay ddt nhidu ve mau va ket qud cita dinh tinh H2S, NH3 ndm frong gidi ban cho phep cua tieu chuan Viet Nam ve NH3 vd H2S.
Tuy nhien, tong sd vi khuan hieu khi la 3*10^CFU/g, vugt qua gidi ban cho phep cua tieu chuan Viet Nam ve thit che bien khdng qua xii ly nhiet (TCVN 7050 - 2002), dong thdi be mat nhay, ed mtii chua hdi. Didu ndy cho thay, sir hu hong cua san pham chi mdi bdt dau fren be mat sdn pham vao ngay thii 12. Tdm lai, de bao quan san pham thit bd mgt nang d' nhiet dd lanh thi thdi gian bao qudn tdi da la 9 ngdy.
Bdng 6. K^t qua hao quan b nhi^t dQ Uinh Cac chi tieu
AE H2S NH3 TSVSVHK
(CFU/g) Cam quan
Thoi gian bao quan 3 ngay
5.78
(-) (-)
1.9*10^' Be mat kho, thom
dac trung
6 ngay 5.83
(-) (-)
2.7*10*
Be mat kho. thom dac trung
9 ngay 5.98
(-) (-)
3.2*10*
B^ mat kho.
thom dac trung
12 ngay 6.23
(-) (-)
3.7*10"
Be mat nhay. co miii chua. hoi (-) Phan img am tinh; sdlieu CO ki tti chung trong hiing thi khac bi$t khong co y nghia
90 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3.3.2. KStquabao quanlanh donganhietdo -5^ -ICPC
Bang 7. Kft qua bao quan o nhiW da done Cac chi tieu
AE HjS NH, TSVSVHK
(CFU/g) Camquan
10 ngay 5.46
(-) (-)
<10"
Be mat kho.
thom dac trung
20 ngiy 6.32
(0
(-)
<10' Be mat kho,
thom dac tnmg
Thdi gian 30 ngay
6.89
(-) (-)
<10' Be mat kho.
thom dac trung
biio quan 40 ngay
7.65
(-) (-)
<10' Be mat kho.
thom dac tnmg
50 ngay 7.89
(-) (-)
<10' B^ mat kho.
thom dac trung
60 ngay 9.12
(-) (-)
<10' Be mat kho.
thom dac tnmg (-) Phan ung am ti'nh; sdheu cd ki tu chung cimg hang thi khac biet khdng cdy nghia
3.4. Hodn thi$n quy trinh cdng ngh$ san xudt thit bd mgt nang bdng phuong phdp s^y chan khdng
3.4.1. Sado qui trinh dexuat
Qua ket qua nghidn cthi san xuat sdn pham thit bo mot nang bdng phuong phap say ehan khdng, da dua ra kien nghi quy trinh sdn xuat san pham thit bd mpt nang say chan khdng (Hinh 8) nhu sau:
Hmh 8. Quy trmh san xuat thit bd mgt ndng bang phuong phap say chan khfing 3.4.2. Thuyet minh qui tiinh
Nguyen heu la thit nac than bd cd mau do tuoi, thd- thit nhd, bd mat thit khd, dinh va khong cd mui bat thudng. Thit dugc nia sach qua nuo'c, loc bd gan va mo cdn dmh fren thit. Cat thit thanh mieng cd dd day la 1cm theo sd- dgc cua midng thit.
Thit dugc phdi frdn, udp frong thdi gian 30 phiit theo cong thtic sau (tinh theo khdi luong thit bd):
mudi 1%, dudng 5%, toi 2%, ngii vi huong (Con Nai) 0,4%, ot 1%, sd 2%, nuoc mam 2%, polyphotphate 0,3%.
Thit bd sau khi tam udp gia vi, xep thit len khay ludi sach rdi cho vao tu sdy da duge eai dat o' nhiet dp 40*'C, dp suat 0,02 bar vdi tbdi gian la 2 gtd', ddng thidt bi va bat thiet bi. Thiet bi se ha ap sudt xudng dp sudt cdi dat, gia nhiet den nhiet dd cat dat va duy fri ap suat, nhiet dp frong thdi gian cat dat. Thiet bi cd the tu dieu chmh va duy tri eac thdng sd mot each dpc lap. Kdt thuc qua trinh say, xa dp va lay san phdm ra. Ti^n hanh can vdi khdi lugng 300 g, xdp thit Mn khay xop va bao gdt hiit ehan khdng frong tiii PA.
San pham dugc bdo quan lanh hoac lanh ddng vdi thdi gian tuong iing Id 9 ngay va 50 ngay
4. KET LUAN
Trong pham vi khdo sat da de xuat duoe quy trinh san xuat sdn pham thit bd mgt ndng bang phuong phap say chan khdng vdi edng thiic phoi frgn la mudt 1%, dudng 5%, ngu vi huong (Con Nat) 0,4%, tdi 2%, ot 1%, sd 2%, nuoc mdm 2%, polyphotphate 0,3%
(tinh theo khoi luong thit bd) frong thdi gian 30 phtit;
che do say chan khdng tinch hpp d' ap sudt p = 0,02 bar, nhiet do t** - 40''C, tiidi gian t = 2 gid'. San pham bao gdi htit chan khong cd thdi han su dung frong dieu kien bao quan lanh 5 + 2*'C la 9 ngay, frong dieu kien lanh dong -5 ^ TO"C la 50 ngay.
Vdi ket qud nay, ed the khdng dinh quy trinh sdn xuat thit bd mgt ndng tiieo phuong phap ehan khdng dem den cac uu didm hon phuong phdp phm say truydn thdng, dd la dam bdo ddng nhat ve chat lugng sdn pham, dam bao vd smh, nit ngdn thdi gian say, franh phu thuoc vao thdi tidt vd cd th^ san xuat vdi qui md cdng nghiep.
TAI U B ) THAM KHAO ( ^ l u m graveolens) using tiiie response surface 1. Vien Dmh duong, 2007. Bing tiianh phin tiiuc methodology. Drymg Technology, 19: 611-626.
phim Viet Nam. ^haxnathhnY hoc. 4. Fehpe Richter Rets, 2014. Studies on 2. Berteh. M. N, Rodier. E, Marsaioh. Jr. A, 2008. Conventional Vacuum Drying of Foods.
Study of the microwave vacuum drying process for a SpringerBnefs in Appbed Sciences and Technology.
granulated producthraxihan Journal of Chemical 5, Toldrd F., 2010. Handbook of meat Engineenng vol. 26, pp. 317 - 329. processing. Blackwell publishing.
3. Madamba P S., Ltboon F. A., 2001.
Optunization of the vacuum dehydration of celery
THE COMPLETE RESEACHING OF A SUN DAY BEEF PRODUCT PROCESSING BY VACUUM DRYING METHOD
Le Phan Thuy Hanh, Tran Quyet Thang Summary
The processmg of a sunny day beef products by vacuum drying method was studied. The results showed tbat to increase tbe product quality, sirloin beef was marinated as followed salt 1%, garhc 2%. cbih powder 1%. citronella 2%. 0ve spice powder 0.4%, polyphosphate 0.3%, fish sauce 2%, sugar 5% Then, they were vacuum drying at temperature 40"C and vacuum pressures 0.02 bar in 2 hour. After being dried, product were preservaUon m vacuum PA bags at refngerator (5 + 2"C) or Freeze (-5 - -10"C). With refrigerator method, products is stored m 9 days. The products were sbll m good quality after 50 days of freeze storage.
Keywords: Drying beef, a sunny day beef, die processing of a sunny day beef vacuum drying.
Nguoi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Trdn Nhu Khuyen Ngdy nhan bai: 26/4/2019
Ngay thdng qua phan bi^n: 27/5/2019 Ngdy duydt dang: 3/6/2019
92 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2019
