Le Vdn Qujnh vo Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 118(04): 55-59
MOT PHlTONG PHAP THI NGHIEM DANH GIA DO EM DIU CUA XE LU RUNG Lg Van Quynh , Nguyen Khac Tudn Trtfdng DH Ky thugt Cong nghiep - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT
Dao d0ng Id m0t nhQng nguyen nhdn chinh gay ra bgnh nghi nghiep cho ngudi dieu khien xe lu rung. Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy mdt phuong phdp thi nghiem xac dinh dao dong ciia ghe ngoi ngudi lai xe lu rung banh don trong mot so dieu kien hoat dong. Ket qud do dugc phdn tich, danh gid theo tigu chudn ISO 2631-1 (I997-E). Ket qud danh gid cho thay do em diu ciia xe chua thoa man dugc tieu chudn ISO, ddng thdi no cung khflng ddm bao duoc thdi gian yeu cdu lam viec 4 gid cua ngudi dieu khien khi xe hogt dOng. Ngodi ra kgt qua nay co thg can cii vl mat thuc nghiem cho thigt kg tdi uu hg th6ng dgm cdch dao dpng cabin xe lu rung.
Tir khda: Xe lu rung, thi nghiem, do em diu, liiu chudn qudc te, ddnh gid.
GICJI THIEU
Dg em dju Id mgt thdng sd rat quan trpng khi thi^t ki xe lu. Ngay nay, dO gm dju ciia xe thudng dugc xdc dinh va danh gia bang phuang phdp md phdng sd va thi nghiem, Sir dung phuang phdp thi nghidm da dugc cdc nha nghien ciru tren the gidi tien hanh nghign Cliu tir r^t sdm, GS, Wu Guoliang va cdc cpng sy (1987) da tien hanh do va danh gia dp gm dju hogt dOng xe lu rung CA25 thdng qua tigu chuan ddnh gid quoc te [9] va den sau do mdt so tdc gia nhu Zeng Xianke va cpng su (1990 )[10]; Beck L va c^ng s\r (2003) [2]; Ario Kordetansi vd c^ng s\r (2010) [I]; Hou Jingnu va cpng sy (2011) [5], cdc cdng bd nay diu tiln hdnh do vd kit qud do dugc phdn tich ddnh gid theo tieu chuan 1S02631-] (1997-E) [4]. Tuy nhign, cdng trinh nay chua chi rd dugc thdi gian gay m$t mdi - gidm hi$u suat Idm vi^c ciia ngudi dieu khien md chi danh gid dp gm dju thdng qua gia tdc dao dpng binh phuang trung binh, dieu do se khdng danh het anh hudng cua digu kign hogt ddng den hi^u suat lam viec cua ngudi dieu khien.
Myc tigu chinh cua nghien ciiu nay la xay dyng phuang phdp thf nghigm nhdm xdc dinh mirc dp dao dgng cua ghg ngdi vd thai gian gay m^t mdi giam nang sudt lao dgng ciia ngudi ldi khi digu khidn xe lu rung banh lu dan trong mgt so dieu ki?n hogt dgng. Cac kgt qua do dugc so sdnh vdi tieu chudn IS02631 - 1( 1997-E).
CHI TIEU DANH GIA DAO D O N G Dg danh gia anh hudng cua dao ddng dgn ca the ngudi, hiep hpi tieu chuan qudc tg da dua ra tigu chudn ISO 2631-1 (1997). Theo tieu chudn ndy tdn sd dao dgng kich thich tir ngudn phat kich thfch den cdc vi tri khdo sdt ndm trong khodng tir 0.5 dgn 80Hz.
Ca hai thdng sd la gia tdc binh phuang trung binh (a^) va thdi gian met mdi - giam hieu suat lam viec (TFDO) trong tieu chudn ISO 2631-1(1997) dugc chpn lam chi tieu danh gia kgt qua do dao ddng ghg ngoi ngudi dieu khign xe lu rung khi xe hogt dpng d cac dieu kien khac nhau.
Gia toe binh phuong trung binh Theo tieu chudn ISO 2631-1(1997) thi gia toe binh phuang trung binh dugc xdc djnh theo cdng thiirc dudi day:
j:l4i')dt (1)
Tel. 0943141653: Email [email protected]
Trong dd: a„. la gia tdc dao ddng binh phuang trung binh; a.,^f,j Id gia tdc dao ddng theo thdi gian(m/s^) vd T la thdi gian khao sat(s).
Tdng gia tdc dao ddng binh phucmg trung binh theo 3 phuang X, Y, Z dugc xac djnh theo cdng thuc dudi day:
a. = [fl„+(l-4a„J+(l.4a,j] '(2)
Lg van Quynh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 118(04): 55-59 Trong dd awx; awy va a^ lan lugt la gia tdc
binh phuong trung binh theo cdc phuang X, YvdZ.
Dua vdo bang I chung ta cd danh gid chii quan vg dp gm dju ciia ngudi digu khien.
Bang 1. Bdng ddnh gid chu quan do em diu old Iheo ISO 2631-1
a^im/s^) Cdp em dju
<0.315 0.315-0.63
0.5- LO 0.8- 1.6 1.25-2 5
>2
Thoai mai Mot chiit kho chiu Khd chiu Khong thoai mdi Rat kho chiu Cue ky kho chju Thdi gian met moi- giam hieu suat lam viec Khi ngudi digu khign Iam viec mdt thdi gian dai trong mdi trudng dao dpng de cdm thdy khdng thda mdi, met mdi, thdm chf mac mdt sd benh nghe nghiep do dao ddng va tieng dn gdy ra. Chinh vi vay, tigu chuan ISO 2631- 1(1997) dua ra thdng sd ddnh gid la thdi gian met mdi- giam hieu suat lao dpng ciia ngudi digu khign va nd dugc xdc dinh theo cdng thiic dudi day:
7>oo = (4o,-7;,)/a,' T,^-(^4T.)lal (3) T,i^. ={4a\T^)lai^ '
Trong dd: TFDO; TFD^; TpDy; TFDZ va av; a^;
'^^^->, a„^; thdi gian met mdi - giam hieu sudt lao dpng vd gia tdc dao ddng binh phuang trung binh cua ghe ngdi ngudi dieu khien theo tong cgng cac phuong va phuang X, Y, Z; cdc he sd ai^2.8m/s^; a3=2m/s" va To=0.I67 gid theo tieu chuan quy dinh.
DO DAO DONG CUA XE LU RUNG
Xe thi nghiem: xe lu rung bdnh don, thdng sd ky thudt va dac diem kgt cdu dugc tham khao tai lieu [7].
Thiet bi va bo tri: Thiet bi do su dyng he thdng do dpng luc hoc LMS va phan tich cua Bi va cam bien do dao ddng ICP ba phuong 56
(dgt phuang cam bign X, Y, Z trung vdi phuang dgc, phuong ngang va phuong diing ciia ghg ngdi ngudi dieu khien) va cac thiet bj duoc bd tri nhu hinh ve I.
Hinh \.Sadd bo tri thi nghiem Sieu kien thi nghiem:
-I- Van tdc thf nghiem: v = 3km/h va Idm vigc tren mat ndn dan hdi.
+ Tan sd kich thfch dao ddng thap vd cao ciia banh lu la f = 28 Hz va f = 35Hz.
Dieu kien l a m viec:
+ Digu kien 1: xe diing yen nen va banh lu dugc kich thich dao ddng d tdn sd thdp;
+ Dieu kien 2: xe chuygn dgng nen vd banh lu dugc kich thich dao dgng d tan sd thdp;
Dieu kien 1 va 2 ngudn kich thich dao dpng truyen lgn ngudi lai chii yeu tir banh lu va dpng ca ddt trong.
+ Digu kien 3: xe diing ygn nen va bdnh lu dugc kich thich dao dgng d tan sd cao;
+ Dilu kien 4: xe chuygn dpng nen vd bdnh lu duoc kich thich dao dpng d t i n so cao.
Digu kien 3 vd 4 ngudn kich thfch dao dgng truygn lgn ngudi lai khdng chi tir banh lu va dpng CO ddt trong va cdn tir mat ngn bign dgng.
Lfi van Quynh vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 118(04)'55-59 PHAN TICH VA DANH GIA
Cdc so lieu do dugc d bdn dieu kien lam viec khdc nhau ciia xe dugc xir ly bang phan mgm Matlab 7.0. Dudi ddy la ket qud do gia toe dao dgng theo 3 phuang X, Y va Z ciia ghg ngdi ngudi dieu khign theo thdi gian khi xe hogt dpng dieu kien 2 .
(a) Phmmg X
Time/s
(b) Phuang Y
1 ° l
Time/s
(a) Phuang Z Hinh 2. Gia tdc theo thdi gian cua ghi ngoi
theo 3 phuang X, Y, Z.
Dg danh gid dnh hudng cua dao ddng den dp em dju, Slic khde vd hieu qua ngudi dieu khien dudi cac dieu ki^n lam viec khdc nhau, cac tdc gia da tien hanh phan tfch kgt qua do theo hai thong sd a„ va Tpo dudi ddy:
Anh hvong dieu ki^n Iam viec den dp em diu ngvdi dieu khiln:
Cdn Cli vao ket qua do trong 4 dieu ki?n hogt dpng khdc nhau, cdc gia tdc dao dgng binh phuong binh ciia ghe ngoi theo 3 phucmg X,Y. Z dugc xdc djnh theo cdng thiirc (1) va tdng gia toe dao dpng binh phuang trung binh
theo 3 phuang dugc xac djnh theo cdng thirc (2). Dudi ddy la ket qua dang bdng va dd thi.
Bang 2. Cdc gia toe a,,.^ a„ „ a„, vd a,, khi xe hogi dgng trong 4 diiu kiin khdc nhau D/K
1 2 3 4
3», (m/s') 0.5675 0.6772 0.4954 0.6439
(m/s^) 0.5062 0.5754 0 3939 0 5542
(m/s^) 0.9740 1.2490 0.7992 1.1120
3% (m/s') 1.2357 1.5329 1.0195 1.3994
uL
Hinh 3. So sdnh gia ldc dao dgng binh phuang trung binh ciia ghi ngoi a dieu kien I vd2
Hinh 4. So sdnh gia tdc dao dgng binh phuung trung binh cua ghi ngoi a dieu kien 3 vd 4
Hinh 5. So sdnh gia tdc dao ddng binh phuong trung binh cua ghe ngdi d diiu kiin I vd 3
IDiEikia.2 | , j j ,
^ " " " ' " " ^ 1 1490 M I 3*9.
inllll
Hinh 6. So sdnh gm loc dao J<>fi'^ • Irung binh cua ghi' ngui a di^'n \
Le van Quynh va Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 118(04): 55-59 Tir kgt qua bang 2 va cdc hinh 3,4, 5, 6 chung
ta thdy rdng:
I) Khi bdnh lu rung dugc kich thich dao dgiig tdn sd thdp, cac gia tri a^x, a^y, a^z va av deu ldn hem khi banh lu rung dugc kich thich dao ddng d tdn sd, dac biet la phuang Z, dieu dd dan tdi do gm diu ngudi dieu khien cua xe gidm xudng. Nguygn nhan la do khi xe lam viec che dp nay xuat hien cdc tan sd kich thfch dao dgng thap sinh ra tir ngudn kich thich ddng ca dot trong, bdnh lu rung va mat nen bien dgng ma he thdng dem each dao dgng cua xe khdng phat huy hieu qua dap tat dao ddng dan tdi cac gid tri gia tdc dao ddng CLia ghe ngudi digu khign tdng len.
(2) Khi xe hogt dpng dieu kien 2 va 4, cac gia tri a^TO, avvy, a^^z va a.y deu ldn khi xe hoat dpng digu kien I va 3, dac biet la phuong Z, dieu do dan do em dju ngudi digu khign gidm xudng. Nguyen nhdn la do khi xe chuyen ddng bdnh xe tigp xiic mat ngn duong bign dang sinh ra cdc tan sd kich thich dao dgng thdp truyen len xe.
(3) Ddi chigu vdi bdng 1 theo quan digm chu quan ddnh gia thi khdng dieu kien lam viec nao ciia xe thda man dieu kien ve em diu ciia ngudi dieu khien theo tieu chudn qudc te ISO 2631-1.
Anh hud'ng dieu kien Iam viec den sire khde va hieu suat lao dgng ciia ngudi dieu khien
Theo cdng thiic (3) vd kgt qud 2 ta tfnh toan dugc didi gian met mdi - giam hieu sudt lam viec ngudi dieu khign d cdc dieu kien Iam viec khdc nhau va ket qua dugc the hien trong bang 3.
Til' ket qua bang 3 chiing ta thay rang:
(1) Khi cac gia tri gia tdc dao dgng binh phuong trung binh tang len, thi thdi gian met mdi- giam hieu sudt lao dgng ciia ngudi dieu khign giam xudng.
(2) Khi xe hogt ddng d cac didu kign 1, 2 va 4, gid tri TFDO = (2.23-3.43) gid thdi gian ndy nhd hon 4 gid theo yeu cau ciia I ca lam vi?c [8], hay ndi each khac la ngudi dieu khign cam thiy met mdi sau 4 gid lam viec. Nguygn nhdn la do dp em diu hogt ddng xe khdng dam bdo yeu cau. Vi vay de nang cao dg em diu, sire khde va hieu sudt lao dgng ciia ngudi digu khien, budc tigp theo chung ta nen phai tien hdnh cai tign thidt ke he thdng dem each dao ddng cua xe.
Bang 3. Cdc gid iri 7>,-DI, 7>Z> ^f-»! va Tpm d cac dieu kien Idm viec khdc nhau B/K TpD^/h Tppy/h Tpp^h Tfoa/h
8.29 10.43 5.52 75.83 8.07 3.36 10.89 17.22 8.19 644 8.69 4.23
3.43 2.23 5.04 2.67 KET LUAN
Thdng qua thi nghiem va phan tich ket qud do dao dpng cua xe lu rung d cdc che dp lam viec khac nhau chiing ta cd the nit ra dugc mpt ket Iuan sau:
(1) Khi xe hogt ddng d didu kien 1 va 2, cdc gia trj gia tdc dao ddng binh phuang trung binh gidm xudng dan den dp gm dju ngudi digu khien gidm. Nguyen nhdn la do cac che dp lam viec nay cdc ngudn kich thich mgt ngn, bdnh lu rung, ddng ca dot trong sinh ra cdc tan sd dao dgng kfch thfch thap truyen ISn ghe ngdi ngudi digu khign ma he thdng cdch dao dpng khdng phat huy cd hieu qud ddp tdt.
(2) Khi xe hoat dpng 6 dieu kien 1, 2 va 4, gia trj TFDO = (2.23-^3.43) gid thdi gian nay nho hon thdi gian yeu cau lam viec 4 gid.
Budc nghien ciiu tiep theo, cdc tdc gia tien hanh tdi uu thilt kg vd chg tao he thdng dfm each dao dgng cabin va ghe ngdi ngudi dieu khign nham nang cao do gm diu, siic khde va hieu sudt lao dpng cua ngudi dieu khign.
Lg van QuSmh va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 118(04): 5 5 - 5 9
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O [1]. Ario Kordestani, Subhash Rakheja, Pierre Marcotte, et al(2010). Analysis of Ride Vibration Environment of Soil Compactors [J]. AE Int. J.
Commer. Veh., Vol.3(l), pp. 259-272.
[2], Beck L., Bloswick D. and Sesek, R.(2003).
Health Effects of Vibrating Equipment - A Comparative Analysis of a Caterpillar CS-433B Vibratory Compactor, the 2"'' Annual Regional Nalional Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Young, New investigators symposium. Salt Lake.
[3]. Le Van Quynh, Jianrun Zhang, Guowang Jiao, et al(2011). Vibration Analysis and Optimal Design for Cab's Isolation System of Vibratory Roller. Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 199- 200. pp.936-940.
[4]. ISO 2631-1 (1997). Mechanical vibration and shock-Evanluation of human exposure to whole- body vibration. Part I: General requirements. The Intemational Organization for Standardization.
[ 5 ) . ^ S l ^ ( 2 0 1 1 ) .
[6]. Le Van Quynh (2013),
[7]. Le Van Quynh, ? f e ^ j ^ , >tlj^iS, ^ ( 2 0 1 3 ) .
^ i k l ^ ^ f f i , 29(9): 39-47 [8]. , ^ . ^ ^ ( 2 0 0 2 ) . H^mt.
[9]. ^ d ^ , m^, ^ES.(1987).
, 1(12), pp 25-30.
[io].-^iS^?4 ^ f 4 ' ^ ( i 9 9 0 ) . E l l l l J k ^ P ^ ^ f f i , 9(1), pp. 217-22
S U M M A R Y
A N E X P E R I M E N T A L M E T H O D F O R E V A L U A T I N G R I D E C O M F O R T V I B R A T O R Y R O L L E R
Le Van Quynh , Nguyen Khac Tuan College of Technology - TNU Vibration is a major cause of occupational diseases for vibrator driver. This paper presents an experimental method of determining the seat's driver vibration ofthe single drum vibratory roller under the different operating conditions. The experimental results are analyzed and evaluated according to the ISO 2631: 1997 (E) standard. The evaluation results have shown thai the vehicle ride comfort is not satisfied the Intemational standard, at the same time, it is also less than keep drivers work efficiency time Typ = 4 hours of operation requirements when it operates. In addition, the study results can provide an experimental basis for the optimal design for cab's isolation system of vibratory roller.
Key words: Vibratory roller, experiment, ride comfort. ISO 2631. evaluation.
Ngdy nhgn bdi- 13/3/2014; Ngdy phdn biin: 15/3/2014. Ngdy duyet ddng 25/3/2014 Phdn hiin khoa hoc: PGS. TS. Luu Vdn Tudn - Trudng DH Bdch khoa Hd Ngi
Tel. 0943141653. Email- lequynhdK^hoo com
