NGHIEN COU & UNG DUNG
REN K i N A N G KE CHUYEN S A N G TAO CHO HOC S I N H LOP 4 , LOP 5
Nguyin Thj Phirtrng Trudng BHSPHd Npi2 ABSTRACT
Stories are apart of life. The subject of story-telling plays a very important role especially for the little pupils. Through the stories, and under the instruction of the teachers also, these pupib would have their language skills and minds developed, as well as their souls, life experience and literature knowledge enriched. We aims at helping them to have creative story-telling skills, to expand their knowing, to stimulate their imagination and dreams through these lessons. Therefore, the project will be focused on studying the methods of creative story-telling practice for pupils at primary schools, especially at the last years.
Tie khda: Ke chuyen (Storie- telling) Ngdy nhgn bdi: 19/4/2014, ngdy duy^t ddng 25/4/2014
1. Sy can thiet cua phan mon ke ehuyen doi vdi hgc sinh Tieu hgc
Ke chuyfn la mgt nhu cdu rat can thiet ddi vdi hgc sinh, nhdt la d lua tudi Tieu hgc. Ngay tu thud nhd, cac em da dugc lam quen vdi nhijng cau chuyen dan gian qua ldi k l ciia ba, cua me hoac nhung ngudi than khae trong gia dinh. Qua nhijng cau chuyen ke, cac em bat ggp dugc cugc sdng cua cac nhan vat, nhung cupe phieu lim va nhimg tinh tilt ddy bdt ngd, thu vi. Chfnh ke chuyen da dua cac em vao mdt the gidi khae, tir do khai ggi d cac em long yeu cai dep trong thien nhien, yeu cugc song, nSng cao tam h6n trong sang, hudng cac em tdi nhihig udc mo cao dep.
Trong trudng Tieu hge, phan mdn ke chuyen la mgt mdn hpc rat hap dan doi vdi hgc sinh, kich thieh sy van dgng linh hoat cua tri tue, md ra cho cac em nhii'ng chan trdi mdi, cho tri tudng tupng phong phu vdi cugc sdng muon van sac mau va nhung cung bac tinh cam khae nhau qua nhung cau chuyfn ke.
Ngoai ra, ke chuyen cdn hinh thanh cho cac em tfnh manh dan, tu tin trong giao tilp. Qua do nhdm phat triln ldi ndi, b6i dudng cho cac em nhtmg cam xue thdm mT lanh manh, cung cdp 16 • TAP CHi THI^BIGlAO Dgc-S6105-5/2014
nhihig kiln thue ve von song, neu nhung tam guong cd tac dung giao due. Vi vgy ma phan mdn ke chuyen rat quan trgng trong chuang trinh Tigu hgc.
Tuy nhien trong thyc t l hifn nay d mpt so trudng Tieu hpc, nhieu giao vign vdn chua nhan thttc dling vai trd eua minh trong vifc khieh If kha nang sang tao cua hgc sinh, chua biet khoi ngudn cho mach sang tao cua cac em phat trien, nhieu khi cdn gap lung tiing khi the hifn mpt tiet day k l chuyfn ma hgc sinh cd the thyc hanh ngay tai Idp bdng ngon ngtt ciia minh. Dieu do da phan nao lam hgn e h l chdt lugng tilt kl chuyen. La mpt giao vien tre trong tuong lai, vdi mong mudn gdp phdn nang cao chat lugng day hgc phan mdn ke chuyen va tao eho cac em sy hung thii, long say mg ddi vdi phan mdn nay, tdi da nghien ciai va chpn d l tai: "Ren kT nang ke chuyen sang tgo eho hpc sinh Idp 4, Idp 5". Qua do nham phat trien tu duy sang tao va nSng cao sy cam nhan ctta cac em ve hifn thyc ddi s6ng qua ngi dung cac eau chuyfn, ttt dd boi dudng nhung tinh cam tdt dep, trau ddi httng thu dgc va ke chuyfn, dem lai eho eac em nilm vui va hung thu ban trong hoat dpng hpe tap mon Tieng Vift.
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
III
2.VJ tri va nhifm vu ciia phan mdn Ke chuyfn dTieu hgc
2.1 Vi tri ciia phdn mdn Ki chuyen Cung nhu day hgc Tgp lam van, dgy hge ke chuyfn cd vj tri quan trgng trong day hpc tieng me dg. Ke chuyen van dyng mdt each tong hgp sy hilu bilt vl ddi song va tgo digu kifn de hpc sinh ren luyen tdng hpp cac kT nang tieng Vift nhu: Nghe, ndi, dge trong hogt dgng giao tiep.
Khi nghe thdy giao k l chuyen hgc sinh dugc tilp nhan tac phdm d dgng am thanh. Khi cac em ke chuyfn la cac em dang tai san sinh hay san sinh mgt tac phdm nghf thuat d dang Idi ndi. Vi truyfn la mgt tac phdm van hgc ngn ke chuyen CO dugc ca sttc mgnh cua van hgc. Truyfn cd kha nSng boi dudng tam hon tre tho. Sy hieu bigt ve cupe song, vl con ngudi, tam hon eua eac em sg ngheo di bilt bao nhigu nlu khdng cd nhihig cau chuyfn kl trong trudng hpc. Phan mdn K I chuyfn cd vj tri quan trgng trong trudng hgc.
2.2 Nhipm v(/ cAaphdn mdn Ke chuypn Phan mdn Kl chuyfn cd nhifm vy dap ung nhu cau mong muon dugc nghe kl chuyfn ciia hgc sinh, phat triln ngdn ngtt, phat triln kT nang nghe, ndi, ddng thdi phat triln tu duy va boi dudng tam hon, lam giau von song va vdn van hpc cho hpc sinh.
Trudc hit phan mdn Kl chuyfn phat trien kT nang ndi cho hpc sinh. Gid hpc ke chuyfn ren cho hgc sinh kT nSng n6i trudc dam d6ng dudi dang d^c thogi ttmg bai dieo phong each nghe thugt. Dong thdi vdi cac kT nang nghe, noi, dgc thi kT nSng ghi ch^p cung dupe phat trien trong qua trinh ke lgi cau chuyfn da nghe, ke lai cau chuyfn da dpe.
Cttng vdi thn luyfn cac kT nang ngdn ngtt, tu duy cung dupe phat trien. Dgc bift khi cac em song trong the gidi cac nhan vgt, tham nhap vao eac tinh tilt truyfn, tilp xue vdi nghf thuat ngon ttt kl chuyfn. Tu duy hinh tupng va cam xue tham mp cua cac em cung dupe phat trien.
Gid kl chuyfn giiip hpc sinh tilp xue vdi
cae tac pham van hpc. Dd ta nhihig tac phdm c6 gia trj eua Vift Nam va the gidi, ttt truyfn CO tfch din truyfn hifn dai. Nhd dd, von vSn hgc cua cac em dugc tfch luy dan. Day la hanh trang dang quy se theo cac em trong sudt cu^c ddi minh.
Gid ke chuyfn cdn md rdng tam hilu bilt, kheu gpi tri tudng tupng cua cac em. Qua timg cau chuyfn, the gidi mudn mau sac md ra trudc mdt cac em. Truyfn k l cdn ehdp canh cho tri tudng tugng va udc ma cua hgc sinh, thue day su sang tgo d cac em.
3. Khao sat thyc tien d^y hpc phSn mdn Ke chuyfn if Idp 4, Idp 5 tai mgt so trudng Tieu h g c
D I bigt dugc thyc trang ren kT nang ke chuyfn sang tgo cho hpc sinh lap 4, Idp 5 d cdc trudng Tilu hpc, chung tdi da tiln hanh dieu tra, khao sat thyc tien dgy hgc kl chuyfn d trudng Tilu -hgc D6ng Xuan- noi tdi dang thyc tgp va trudng Tilu hgc Quan Lgn- noi tdi da sinh ra.
3.1. Myc dich dieu tra:
Chung tdi tiln hanh dilu tra de ndm vttng thyc trgng ren kT nang ke chuyfn sang tao cho hge sinh Idp 4, Idp 5 d trudng Tilu hge Dong Xuan va trudng Tilu hgc Quan Lan de thay cd nhung thuan lpi vk kho khSn gi ca ve phia giao vien va hgc sinh. Tu dd dua ra nhung giai phap eu the nham nang cao hifu qua cho phan mdn K I chuyen lop 4, Idp 5.
3.2. DSI tupng diiu tra:
Chung tdi tiln hanh dieu tra tgi cac lap khoi 4,5 trong trudng Tilu hpc Dong Xuan va trudng Tieu hpe Quan Lgn.
3.3. Cdch thue dieu tra:
Dk ndm vijng dugc hoat dpng day hgc 3 kieu bai, chung toi dilu tra bang dy gid. Chiing toi da chgn 3 tilt d lap 4 va ba tiet d Idp 5 (Moi kieu bai d u 2 tilt).
3.4. Ket qud dieu tra:
Chung tdi dS du 3 tilt Idp 4, 3 tilt Idp 5 d hai trudng. Tong so tiet dy la 12 tiet.
TAP CHi THlfTBIGlAOD0C-S6 105-5/2014 • 17
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
Tiet
1
1
2
2
3
3
Tnrdng
D6ng Xu3n
Quan Lan
Dong XuSn
Quan Lan
D6ng Xuan
Quan Lan L6p
4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5
S6HS ke/tilt
4 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2
K6 dung ygu clu Kehay
SL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.3
0 0
Bigt ki SL
4 4 4 4 2 2
%
100 80 100 80 66.7 66.7 50 33.3 50 33.3 50 50
Khdng kS
SL 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 I 1 1 1
%
0 20 0 20 33.3 0 50 66.7
SO 33.3 50 50
Kl khdng di^ng ygu c&u Kihay
SL 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0
%
0 0 0 0 0 33.3
0 0 0 0 0 0
Bilt ki SL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.3
0 0
KhSngkS duffc SL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
%
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
* Ket qud (xem bang)
* Nhgn xet vd ddnh gid: Can ctt vao kit qua dieu tra, chung tdi di den mpt sd nhan xet nhu sau:
- tfu diem:
+ Nhin chung gid ke chuyen diln ra dung vdi vai trd chi dao cua giao vign va su ty giac, tfch eye ty lyc cua hgc sinh. Ldp hgc cd sy soi n6i.
+ Phan Idn hgc sinh ke chuyen deu bilt kl va nhd dugc ndi dung cau chuyen.
- Hgn che:
+ Da s6 cac truyfn cua hge sinh kg edn don gian, cac em mdi gidi thif u tgn nhan vat va mpt hai hoat dgng ciia nhan vat do rdi ket lugn theo yeu cdu cua de bai ngay chu chua di sau ve nhan vat do.
+ Vdi cac em hgc sinh d trudng Tieu hgc Quan Lan, do thugc vung dao xa, it co dieu kien giao tiep rgng, do dd kha nang kl chuyen dugc chimg kien hoac tham gia cua cac em khdng dugc tot bang cac em hge sinh d vung ddng bdng va vimg do thi.
+ Mgt so giao vien chua su dung co hieu qua cac dd dung day hgc nhu: Cac bg tranh phong to, anh lien quan, bang ke chuyfn, phim tai lifu, cac vat that,...do dd chdt lugng cua gid ke chuyfn cdn han che.
4. M$t so bien phdp ren ki nang k l chuyfn sang tao cho h9c sinh ldp 4, Idp 5
4.1. Ke chuy$n sdng tgo trong kieu bdi ke lgi cdu chuyen vira nghe thay co gido ke trin ldp
Vdi kieu bai ke lai cau chuyen vira dugc nghe thay cd ke tren ldp, d l dat dugc kit qud day hpc tdt gido vien can ehu y nhimg diem sau:
1. Giao vign can thudc truyfn, hilu truyen, lam cho ldi ke cua minh trd thanh mpt phuong tien true quan sinh dgng nhdt, khdc sau an tugng trong long hgc sinh, giiip eac em nhd chuyfn, xue ddng vdi cau chuyfn va cd nhu cdu ke lgi.
2. Biet ket hgp ldi k l vdi phuong tifn tryc quan khae de tang kha nang ghi nhd cau chuyfn ciia hgc sinh.
* Sir dying tranh minh hpa trong dgy hpc Ke chuyen
Su dung tranh minh hga vd ciing quan trgng trong vifc dgy hgc ke chuyfn ndi rieng va trong dgy hgc Tieng Viet ndi ehung. Tranh minh hga khdng chi duoc su dung trong dgy bai mdi ma cdn dupe su dung trong ca khau kilm tra bai cu.
Mac du hifn nay tranh minh hpa tuong doi ddy dli dl cung cdp cho vifc day hgc, nhung trong thyc te, giao vien mdi chi tan dyng dugc cac buc tranh nhd trong sach giao khoa, chua tan dyng TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO OgC- Sfi 105 - 5/2014
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
hit gia tri b0 tranh Idn dugc cap phat. Vi vay, trong giang day, giao vign phai tich eye su dung tranh minh hga de gdp phdn tfch cue hda hoat dgng hgc tgp ciia hgc sinh.
* Su dgng bdng ghi dm, mdy ghi dm. trong dgy hpc ke chuyen
Thdng thudng trong phan mdn Ke chuyfn, hgc sinh thudng dugc nghe ldi k l mau ctta giao vien. Trong thue t l khdng phai giao vign nao cung CO kha nang kg chuyen, vi vay mOt sd bai, thay vi giao vien k l cd thl dung bang ghi am ghi ldi kg chuan ciia mpt nghf sy, cua mpt hgc sinh gidi cung ed tac dyng rdt Idn. Bang ghi am ldi kl mau cd tac dyng Idi cuon, hap dan, kfch thfch httng thu hge tap ctta hgc sinh, gittp hgc sinh d l dang tiep nhgn dugc tinh diln cam trong ngon ngtt van chucmg.
4.2. Ke chuypn sdng tgo trong kiiu bdi ke chuypn da nghe, dd dpe
Quy trinh ctta kieu bai nay cung giong vdi kilu bai kl chuyfn dugc chung kiln hogc tham gia. Nhung do c6 nhttng dac diem rieng: Hgc sinh tim truyfn trong sach bao, ti vi hay nghe ai dd kl cho nghe dl kl lai, nen khi t6 chttc dgy hgc kieu bai nay giao vien cdn luu y:
Giao vign cdn gittp hgc sinh den vdi moi gid hgc dlu c6 dieu muon kl, cd nhu edu kl cho thay CO va cac bgn nghe cau chuyfn cua minh. Muon vay, giao vien phai giup hgc sinh dgc trudc ngi dung eua bai tap kl chuyfn idn sau trong sach giao khoa de chudn bj cho gid ke chuyfn.
Ngoai nhihig eau ehuyen dugc nghe cd giao ke tren ldp, hgc sinh cdn phai tim kilm nhihig cau chuyfn da nghe, da dgc ngoai gid kl chuyen dl kl cho eac bgn nghe. De tdt ca mgi hgc sinh d nhihig trinh dg khae nhau dlu cd the ke dugc chuyen, giao vign cd thl cho hgc sinh mugn truyfn de cac em tim truyfn dugc de han. Giao vign can hudng dSn hpc sinh khi cd nhihig cau chuyfn dai, trong gid kl chuyfn khdng thl ke hit, dl danh thdi gian cho ckc bgn khae trong Idp cDng dugc ke chuyfn.
To chttc gid hpc sao cho nhilu hge sinh dugc ke chuyfn, dugc trao doi bdng hinh thttc kl chuyfn trong nh6m, thi k l chuyfn trudc Idp;
doi thoai, trao doi v l nhan vat, npi dung, y nghTa cau chuyen.
4.3. Ke chuypn sdng tgo trong kiiu bdi ki chi^pn dugc chung kien hogc tham gia
Trudc khi kl dugc chuyfn thi vifc ddu tign quan trgng nhdt la dinh hudng ke chuyfn. Ngirdi ke can djnh hudng rd eau chuyfn minh ke.
De giup hgc sinh ndm rd nhifm vu minh phai lam, di dttng hudng, xac dinh chinh xac ygu cau ctta de bai, va de gid ke chuyfn dugc thanh cdng, giao vien can hudng dan cho hgc sinh each tgo lap dugc cau chuyen trudc d nha.
Cae em sS lap dan y chi tiet d nha, din Idp eac em se chtt dgng kl eau chuyfn cua minh, chu d^ng tham gia vao san choi cung vdi cac bgn vdi tam thg cua ngudi ty tin. Sau khi da lap dugc dan y eho eau chuyfn, giao vien td chttc cho hgc sinh ke chuyfn.
5. Ket lu^n
Ke chuyfn la mgt qua trinh nghf thugt. Cac cau chuyfn la nhung dieu dgy bo fch cho cac em.
Chung von rdt me truyfn va ludn tin vao nhung eau chuyfn, ldi khuygn tot nhdt ma moi tre em lay dieu dd lam bai hgc cho ban than minh.
Chfnh vi the, de giao dye tre em qua phan mon Ke ehuyen gdp phdn khdng nhd vao viec hinh thanh nhan each va sy phat trien tu duy tre em.
Tai lifu tham khao 1. Thanh Dam (1971), Van de gidng dgy tac pham v5n hpc theo loai the, NXB Giao due Ha Ngi.
2. Chu Huy (1997), ZJoy ke chuypn d tieu hpc, NXB Giao due.
3. Le Phuong Nga, Nguyen Tri (2004), Gido trinh phuong phdp dgy hpc Tiing Vipt 3, NXB Dai hgc Su phgm.
4. Nguyen Minh Thuyet (2003), Hoi dap vi dgy hgc mdn Tieng Vipt 4, NXB Giao dye.
5. Nguyen Minh Thuylt (2003), Hdi dap vi dgy hpc mdn Tieng Vipt 5, NXB Giao dye.
6. Nguyen Tri (2001), Luyen tgp vdn ki chuypn d tiiu hpc, NXB Giao dye.
TAP CHi THlfTBJGlAODVC-5(5105-5/2014 • 19
