THUD TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
CHirONG TRINH CHO VAY VON PHAT TRIEN SAN XUAT DOI VOfI HO DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO DAC BIET KHO KHAN
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hlt trien kinh te, xoa ddi giam ngheo la Dd'i tugng vay vdn dugc quy dinh rd rang, mdt ndi dung ldn va quan frgng trong thii tuc vay dan gian, thuan lgi dugc thyc hien chinh sach dan tdc ciia Ding va Nha nude ta theo phuang thuc iiy thac timg phin qua cac td thdi ky ddi mdi. De gdp phan trien khai chinh chiic chinh tri - xa hdi da tao di6u kien thuan sach nay, ngay 5-3-2007, Thii tudng Chinh phii lgi trong xic minh, xac dinh dd'i tugng vay, ban hanh Quye't dinh sd 32/2007/QD-'ITg ve giim thieu thu tuc, giam thieu chi phi, phat viee cho vay vdn phat trien san xua't ddi vdi hd huy siic manh tdng hgp ciia toin xa hdi va dong bao dan tdc tMlu sd dac biet khd khan, nang cao traeh nhiem ciia dia phuang thudc Muc dich ciia chuong trinh la nhlm hd frg tiuc danh muc dia ban thu hudng chinh sach. Nhd tie'p giii quyet van d6 khd khan ve ngudn vd'n trien khai thyc hien mdt cleh ddng bd va theo tiong san xuat, gdp phin tiing budc dn dinh va quy trinh kha chat che khoa hgc, boat ddng cai tMen ddi sd'ng ciia cIc hd ddng bao dan tdc cho vay vd'n phit trien san xuat ddi vdi ddng thieu sd. bao dan tdc thieu sd dae biet khd khan da datTrien khai thyc Men Chuong tiinh can cti duge nhieu kei qui.
Thdng tu hudng din ciia Uy ban Dan tdc, chinh Nam 2007, ngan sach Trung uang phan bd quyen dia phuong (cap huyen) lap va phe duyet 94.439 frieu ddng cho 42 tinh, frong dd kinh phi danh sleh cac hd gia dinh thudc dd'i urgng thu cho vay la 94.157 trieu, kinh phi quIn ly 11283 hudng chinh sich tiieo dia bin cIc xl. Ddi Uigng frieu; ngan sich Trung uong 93.743 ttieu, ngan thu hudng chinh sach la hd dan tgc thieu sd dac sleh dia phuong 696 frieu.
biet khd khan cd muc tiiu nhap dudi 60.000 Trong tdng sd khoang 75.000 hd thudc dien ddng/ngudi/thang. Mire cho vay tdi da la 5 Uieu thu hudng chinh sach, den ngiy 31-12-2007, ddng; thdi ban cho vay tdi da 5 nam; Hi suat 0%. Ngan hang chinh sleh xa hdi da giai ngan cho Ngan hIng chinh sleh xa hdi thyc Men viec giii vay dugc 85.924 Uieu ddng cho 18.142 hd Uong ngan tai xa theo danh sleh do LJy ban nhan dan dien dd'i tugng dat 91,26% ke hoach, trung butii huyen lap cho timg xa. Cac hd vay vd'n dugc ket mdi hd dugc vay 4,7 Uieu ddng. Den ngay 30- nap vao cac Td TK&VV dudi sy giam sit vl 6-2008, chuong Uinh cd tdng du ng II 97.186 quan ly ciia cIc td chtic chuih Ui - xl hdi. frieu ddng (Chuong trinh dang trong giai doan Chuong ttinh tin dung phat ttien sin xuat ddi thuc Men giii ngan, chua phat sinh ng qua ban), vdi hd ddng bao dan tdc tiiieu sd dac Met khd khan Viec hd trg ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd dac biet dugc ttien khai tiiyc Men vao cudi nam 2007. khd khan bing vdn tin dung uu dai da llm cho
TAP CHi UCH Sir O A N G - S O 12/2008 77
THUC TIEN-KINH NGHIEM
cac hd vay vd'n cd tilch nhiem hon dd'i vdi viec sir dung vd'n vay, han che ur tudng Udng chd vao frg cap ciia Nha nude, gdp phan tao sy chuyen bie'n tich eye frong san xuat ddi vdi cIc hd ddng bio dan tdc thieu sd dac biet khd khan, giup ngudi dan timg budc cai thien thu nhap va ddi sd'ng.
Tuy nhien ben canh nhQng ke't qua kha quan vln cdn nhung khd khan, ban che bat cap nay sinh trong qui Uinh thyc hien nhu hd ddng bio dan tdc thieu sd dac biet khd khan cd trinh do dan tri thap, phong tuc tap quIn lac hlu va rat lung tung trong viec lya chgn gidng cay trdng, vat nudi phu hgp de xay dyng phuang an sin xuat; sd hd gia dinh thudc dd'i tugng thu hudng chinh sach rat ldn, dia ban rat phtic tap, sinh sd'ng phan tin hau het d cIc xa vimg sau, vimg xa vl ludn bi anh hudng bdi thien tai, gay khd khan trong viec sir dung vd'n tin dung phat trien san xuat; ehua cd sy long ghep ngudn vd'n vay ciia chuong trmh niy vdi thyc hien eic chuong truih khac tren dia bin (Chuong trinh 134, 135, khuye'n ndng, khuye'n lam...) de gdp phan nang cao hieu qua sir dung ngudn vd'n tin dung; chua cd sy tham gia tich eye cua cac sd, ban, nganh de td chtic hudng din cho cac hd vay vdn phuong thtic san xult kinh doanh, cleh thtic sir dung ngudn vd'n tin dung cd hieu qui. Vi vay hau het cIc hd gia dinh vln chu yeu thyc hien udng trgt, chan nudi theo phuang phap truyen thdng, canh tac nhd le, ty cap ty tuc, din de'n nhieu riii ro trong qua trinh sin xuat.
Viec quy dinh dd'i tugng vay vd'n la hd gia dinh cd muc thu nhap binh quan dudi 60.000 ddng/thing do Uy ban nhan dan cap huyen lap danh sleh va xic nhan. Tuy nhien, hien nay cd mdt sd dia phuong khdng lap dugc danh sich
hd thudc dd'i tirgng vay vdn de Ngln hang cd CO sd cho vay, lam cho viec giai ngan didn ra cham. Mat khac theo ke hoach Uong 3 nam 2007 - 2009, tong sd tidn danh cho chuong truth la 500 ty ddng, nhimg frong 2 nam 2007 - 2008 mdi cd 214 ty ddng (nam 2007 cap 94 ty ddng, nam 2008 d p 120 ty dong), vi vay anh hudng ldn de'n viec dam bao tien do thyc hien theo ke hoach.
De chuong tiinh cho vay vd'n phit tiien san xua't dat hieu qua cao, thie't thyc va phu hgp vdi thyc tiln rat can thyc hien tdt mdt sd giai phip CO ban sau:
- Uy ban Dan tdc cd sy phdi hgp chat che kip thdi Uy ban nhan dan cac cap frong viec xac nhan va lap danh sach dd'i tiigng dugc vay vdn de lam ca sd cho Ngan hang giai ngan.
- Bg Tai chuih, Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu cap dil vdn 500 ty ddng de chuong tiinh thyc hien hoan thanh frong 3 nam va giai ngan sdm han cho cac ddi urgng nay de hg chu ddng xay dyng cac phuang an phat trien san xuat phu hgp.
- Cac cap chinh quydn dia phuang cin quan tam han nua de'n cdng tac chi dao cac ban, nganh cd hen quan frong cdng tac hudng din hd gia dinh each lam an, dinh hudng san xuat;
phdi hgp, long ghep cac ngudn vdn chinh sach khlc fren dia ban de sir dung cd Meu qua vd'n tui dung.
- Td chu'c khio sat dartii gia hieu qua cua chuong trinh, due rut mdt sd kinh nghiem budc dau de cd sy dieu chinh cu the nhirng mat cdn ba't cap, gdp phan bd sung hoan tMen chinh sich cd y nghia kinh te xa hdi slu sic nay.
HOANG YEN
78 TAP CHi UCH Sir DANG-SO 12/2008
