Nghien cC/u giai phap tang cudng ket noi san xudt vdi thj trudng c u a ho ndng dan c a c tinh vung trung du mien nui Ddng Bac
BUI BANG DOAN
BUI THI MAI LINH
o CO nhieu bdt lai nen ndng ddn vdn Id ngiidi luon phdi chiu thua thiet nhiiu nhdt trong xd hoi. Giup da cho nong ddn phdt trien sdn xudt de thodt nghio vd ldm gidu ludn Id muc tieu cua mgi chinh sdch kinh te, xd hdi cua Ddng vd Nhd niidc. Tuy nhien, khd khdn ldn nhdt trong sdn xudt cda ndng ddn, ddc biet la ndng ddn viing trung du, miin nui, vung sdu, vung xa... dd Id thi tnidng tieu thu sdn phdm. Ddthdo gd vdn di tren ddy, cdn phdi co nghien cdu dediia ra cdc gidi phdp tdng ciidng kdt not sdn xudt cua hd ndng ddn vdi thi triidng, nhdm giup hg ndng ddn phdt trien kinh te mdt cdch bin vihig. Ddy cdng Id muc tieu vd ndi dung chinh cua bdi viet ndy. 1. Mof dau
Dang vfi Nha nU6c da cd nhieu chinh sach quan tam de'n ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn, ddc biet la dd'i vdi cac dia pbUdng midn mii, viing sau, vung xa vd ddng bao dan tdc. Tuy nhien, nhUng bd't ldi trong san xud't cua cac hd ndng dan ludn chUa dung nhUng rui ro do kha nang tie'p cdn vdi thi trudng cdn rd't nhieu ban che.
Phdn ldn cac hd ndng dan tham gia san xud't hang hda nhUng rd't khd khan trong viec tidu thu san phdm. Do khd khdn trong tid'p cdn vdi thi trUdng, viec tieu thu san phdm cua ndng dan chu ye'u dUa vao tU thUdng nen hi dp cd'p, ep gia, thao tung san xud't ldm cho ldi ich thu dUdc tU san xud't ciia hd ndng dan ra't thd'p so vdi cong sUc ciia ho da bd ra. Nhiing bd't cdp tren day da dUdc nhdn thUc tU lau va da cd nhieu giai phap thao gd. Tuy nhien ldm each ndo de ngUdi ndng dan cd the tie'p edn dUde vdi thi trUdng, tao sU ke't nd'i bdn chdt giUa san xud't vdi thi trUdng Id vd'n de bet sUe nan giai. Khd khdn d day xud't phat tU tinh da dang san xud't cua ndng dan vUa mang tinh
viing mien, tinh da dang vl ddc diem td chUe san xud't, nbUng bd't ldi ve quy mo, tinh khdng dn dinh va dae diem eiia san phdm dem lai. Dd'i vdi eae dia phUdng viing trung du midn nui Ddng Bac (Lang Sdn, Quang Ninh, Bdc Giang, Tuyen Quang...) rd't cd nhieu ldi thd've san xud't mdt so' ndng san nhu hdi, na, vai thieu, chd, cam vd nhidu san pham ndng nghiep khac. Mdc dd cd nhieu thudn ldi vd da't dai, kinh nghi§m san xud't, ldi the ve didu kidn tU nhien... cho phdp phat trien nhieu loai ndng san cd gia tri hang hda cao, song bd't ldi trong san xud't dd'i vdi hd ndng dan d cac dia phUdng nay ciing khdng nho. Dd la sU ban che ve kha ndng tie'p edn khoa hoe ky thudt Ung dung vdo san xud't, dieu kidn g^ao thdng di lai khd khan, ban ehd ve kha ndng hidu biet vd thich Ung trong cd chd thi tnidng...
Trong eac bat ldi neu tren, cd the ndi khd khdn nhd't ddi vdi cac hd ndng dan d eac dia phUdng nay la tao sU gdn ket ben chdt giuta
Biii Bang Doin, PGS,TS.; Biii Thi Mai Linh, Tmimg dai hoc NOng nghiftp Hi NOi.
46
Nghien ciifu giai phap . san xua't vdi thi triidng ddi vdi nong san ciia ho san xufi't ra. Sil long leo trong quan hd gifla san xufi't vdi thi trUdng Ifi nguyen nhfin chu ydu lfim cho san xufi't cua ho nong dfin phat tridn khong dn dinh, khong tao ra vflng san xufi't hfing hoa ldn va dieu quan trong hdn Ifi thu nhfip vfi hieu qua san xua't cua ho khong dam bao do san pham san xufi't ra ddn tay ngUdi tieu dung qua qua nhidu khau trung gian vfi phu thuoc vfio he thdng tfl thUdng. Chinh vi vfiy, nghien cflu dl tim giai phap tfing cUdng kha nfing kit ndi san xufi't vdi thi trUdng ddi vdi ho nong dfin d cac dia phUdng nay la bit sfle cdn thidt, nhfim thue ddy phat trien san xua't hfing hoa theo hudng bin vflng, gop phan tich cflc vfio qua trinh xoa ddi, giam ngheo cho ngUdi dan d dia phUdng.
2. Va'n dl ket noi san xua't vdi thi trflGfng cua ho ndng dan cac tinh Dong Bac
2.1. Mgt sdvdn de ve kei ndi sdn xudt vdi thi tritdng
Theo tfl dien tiing Vidt, "ket ndi" la lfim cho eae thfinh phdn dang tach rdi nd'i liin lpi, gfin liin lai vdi nhau. Kit nd'i Ifi tao sfl gfin kit gifla cac bd phfin, eae thanh phan tuy tach rdi nhUng cd quan he vdi nhau.
Tfly thudc vfio mflc do quan he cua cae thfinh phdn, cfic bd phfin vfi dae diem, tinh chfi't cua cac quan hd ma vide kit nd'i dUde thi^c hien bfing eac phUdng tien, edng cu, binh tbfle khac nhau. Cach thflc kit nd'i ed thi dupe thUe hipn bing cae dudng day vd hinh, hflu hinh, bing vdt cha't vfi phi vfit chfi't. Trong quan he hoat ddng xa hpi, boat ddng kinh tl gifla eon ngUdi vdi nhau de dpt dupc mue dich cd the ke't nd'i bang long tin (tin chfi'p), eung cd thi dUdc thUe hien qua trung gian vfit chfi't (the' chfi'p), hope cung cd thd thdng qua nhflng gifi'y td mang tinh phap 1^ (hdp ddng, khd flde...). Cac hopt ddng kinh td, xa hdi cua eon ngfldi dfl d bfi't kj^ linh vflc nfio cung khdng the thflc hi$n mdt each ddc Ifip, mfi phai thdng qua mdi quan hd chfit che vdi nhilu yen to'
khac. Ndi khac di la phai can cd sfl kd't noi, gan bo gifla cac ye'u to' cd quan he vdi nhau mpt each mat thidt vfi chat ehe. Trong boat dpng kinh te, eac yd'u to' quan he vdi nhau mang tinh phd biln, quye't dinh ldn nhau, trong do quan he san xufi't vdi thi trUdng la quan trpng nha't.
Ddi vdi hp ndng dan, vdi nhflng ban chl vfi ba't ldi vl nhieu mat Ifi nhflng rfio can ban chl qua trinh kit nd'i gifla san xufi't vdi thi trudng. Day cung la nguyen nhan ed ban lam eho san xufi't eua hp ndng dan khdng on dinb do khdng cd dinh hudng theo dieu tidt cua quy luat kinh te' thi trUdng, ddn den hi§u qua san xufi't vfi thu nhfip thfi'p.
Kit nd'i san xufi't cua hp ndng dan vdi thi trudng la nhflng each thflc lam cho san phdm eua hp ndng dan san xufi't ra dUde dUa de'n khach hang mdt each ngfin nhfi't, bin vflng vfi hidu qua nhfi't. Ke't noi san xufi't vdi thi trudng cua hp ndng dan eung Id each dUa san pham cfla ngUdi san xufi't de'n vdi khach hang theo nhflng kenh phfin phd'i CO the lfim tang va nang eao dUde gia tri gia tfing, diiu hda ldi ich hdp ly gifla cfic tae nhan trong chudi gia tri eua mdt san phdm nao dd. ThUc hien kit ndi san xua't cua hp ndng dan vdi thi trUdng khdng phai la va'n dl mdi me. Tuy nhien, d mdi dia phUdng tuy thudc vao diiu kien san xud't cu thi se phai chpn cbo minh mdt each thflc kit nd'i sao cho phu hdp va cd hieu qua. Day Id vfi'n de can phai dUdc quan tam dd'i vdi tfi't ea eae hp ndng dan, nhUng trUdc bet phai dfic biet quan tam den cac hp san xua't cd ty trpng san pham hfing hda eao, san xufi't tap trung, quy md ldn theo hudng trang trai.
Day la nhflng dd'i tfldng thUdng hi tdn thUdng nhieu nha't va ganh chiu thiet thdi do khdng tU giai quye't dUdc dau ra, Id thudc nhieu vao tU thUdng trong qua trinh tieu thu san pham. Tren thUc tl da ed nhilu each thflc thUe hien ke't nd'i san xua't eua hp ndng dan vdi thi trudng, vdi cac each tbfle chu ye'u nhfl:
NghiSn aiU Kinh i6s6417- ThSng 2/2013 47
Nghien cufu giai phdp ., - Nong dan trUc tiep dem san phim ciia minh tieu thu tren thi triidng. Day la hinh thiic ban san phim tnic tiep den tan tay ngiidi tieu diing; tnic tiep dila san pham din cac cd sd che bien, sd che', nha xuit khiu, ngiidi ban le... Do dildc ban san pham tnic tiep den tay ngiidi tieu diing, nen day la each thiie ed ldi nhd't dd'i vdi ngiidi san xud't, xdt tren nhieu giac dd khac nhau. Vdi each thiie nay ngiidi san xud't bie't dUde thi trUdng ein gi, bie't dUde yeu clu ciia ngUdi tieu dung ve chd't liidng, mdu ma san phim di tu dieu tie't san xud't nhdm dUa lai lpi ich eho ca hai ben. Do it phai qua khau trung gian nen ldi ich eua ngUdi ndng dan ludn dUde dam bao. Tuy nhien, vdi hinh thUe ndy, nd'u san xud't quy md ldn ddi hdi phai cd cd sd che' bie'n gin ndi san xud't, hodc phai cd thi trudng xud't khiu on dinh.
Day la nbUng yeu elu khdng dd ddng d moi ndi, dd'i vdi moi san phim do ndng dan san xud't ra.
- Thdng qua tU thUdng, thUdng lai, ngUdi thu gom... Day cd le la hinh thUe cd tinh pho bie'n nhd't d nhieu dia phUdng vd dd'i vdi nhieu san phim khac nhau. Ke't ndi san phim vdi thi trUdng thdng qua tU thUdng cd Uu diem Id linh boat, tien ldi, mat it ehi phi dd'i vdi ngudi san xud't. Tuy nhien hinh thUe ndy ehUa dung nhidu riii ro do tinh on dinh khdng cao, hi tu thUdng dp cd'p, ep gia... nen thipt hai ve kinh te dd'i vdi ngudi san xud't 11 rd't ldn. Trong dieu kien san xud't quy md nhd cae riii ro tren dUa ddn thidt hai khdng nhieu, tuy nhien ne'u san xud't quy md ldn thiet hai se cang ldn, nhidu khi dUa de'n eae vd'n de xa hdi khd ludng. - Thdng qua hdp tae xa, cae hp san xua't khac... Day cd le la hinh thUe kha phu hdp dd'i vdi dieu kien va tam ly san xua't eua hp ndng ddn nUdc ta. Cai khd cua hinh thUe ndy xud't phat tU sU lien kd't rdi rac giUa eae hp san xud't, cdn it hinh thanh cac vung san xud't ehuyen canh tdp trung, nen it cd hdi cho cac HTX phat trien trd thanh tae nhan trung gian dang tin cdy ke't ndi san xud't
vdi thi trudng mdt cdch dn dinh, ben viing.
ThUc tidn cho thay, chi cd d nhiing dia pbUdng san xud't ed dieu kipn tdp trung, san phim hang hda ldn thi hinh thUc ndy phat huy ra't hieu qua, dem lai nhieu ldi ich eho cac ben lien quan.
Mdi hinh thUc "ke't nd'i" tren day dUdc thUe hien bdng nhieu each thUe khac nhau, nhu thUe hipn thdng qua hdp ddng, hdp ddng mieng, thue hidn lien ke't... Mdi binb thUe ed nhUng Uu, nbUde diem rieng vd dupe thUe hien mdt each rd't linh hoat tiiy thudc vao dieu kidn eua mdi dia phUdng, dieu kien san xud't eiia hp ndng dan vd dfic diem eua tiing loai san phim.
2,2. Thuc hien ket ndi sdn xud't vdi thi truang cua hg ndng ddn cdc tinh Dong Bdc
Da cd nhieu dia phUdng trien khai nhieu mo hinh ket nd'i san xufi't eua hp ndng dfinl vdi thi trudng theo eae each thUe khac 3 nhau. Tai tinh Bfic Giang dfi hinh thfinh j nhieu trang trai, vdng san xufi't tfip trung, xay diing md hinh lien kdt tieu thu ndng san va eung iing vfit tU ndng nghiep ed hieu qua vfi tinh ben viing eao. Tren cd sd xay dUng vung san xufi't hfing hda tfip trung, phat trien manh eae ed sd ehe bien nong san da tao dieu kien thiic hidn kdt ndi san xua't vdi tbi trUdng cd hidu qua, gdp phin khdng nhd vfio vide nang eao gia tri san xufi't vfi thu nhfip eua ndng hp.
Dupe sU giup dd eua Chinh phu Niu Dilan, Du an "Ke't nd'i hp ndng dan nghdo vdi thi trUdng" da dUdc trien khai tai Binh Dinh tu nfim 2009 vfi dU kidn kd't thiic vfio nfim 2013. Du an gdm 4 hdp phin, dUdc thuc hien cho tUng san phim cu thd vfi cd sU ldng ghdp vdi ke boacb boat ddng hfing nfim ciia Sd Ndng nghidp vfi phat tridn ndng thdn tinh cung vdi eac cfi'p, nganh lien quan. dung nfiy, Hdi Ndng dfin Ha Tinh da phffi hdp vdi Ban Didu phdi Du an cai thidn si? Diy manh xiic tien hopt ddng cho npi
48 Nghidn cOu Kinh t4s64)7- Thdng 2/2013
Nghien ciifu gidi phap ., tham gia thi trilclng cho ngudi ngheo
(IMPP) to chiic hoi thao nhfim tim giai phap dl thao gS kho khan trong tieu thu san phfim cua nong dan, dac biet la ho nghdo tai dia phiiong.
Tiln hfinh nghien ciiu, diiu tra tai mot si dia phiidng cac tinh Dong Bfic doi vdi mot so san phim hfing hoa chu yiu cua ho nong dan diu cho thfi'y viec kit noi san
xua't vdi thi trUdng dUdc diin ra dUdi nhilu hinh thiic, vdi cac miic do khac nhau tiiy thugc vao diiu kien cua tiing viing, dfic dilm cua tiing san pham. Thdng qua ty le tieu thu san phdm cua hd ndng dan qua tdfng tac nhan, cac hinh thiic kit nd'i thi hien qua bang so' heu dudi day se cho bie't thuc trang tieu thu ddi vdi tUng loai san phim cua hg ndng dan d cac dia phUdng nay.
BANG 1: Ty le san pham tieu thu thdng qua cac hinh thdfc ke't noi vdi thi trUctag (%)
Ciic hinh thiic kit ndi
Lang Son Bdc Giang Tuy^n Quang Ciic hinh thiic kit ndi Na Thudc
la Hdi Vai
thilu Ga ddi Rau Cam Che Mia - Bdn trifc tidp 5,25 2,50 3,15 22,36 17,85 7,32 2.45 - Qua hop ddng vdi co
sd chd bidn, nhd xudt khdu...
90,20 15,75 5,30 22,43 78,80 94,07
- Thdng qua HTX - - 10,47 3,25
- Thdng qua tu thuong 89,15 9,80 81,75 89,25 71,12 45,50 84,29 21,20 3,48 - mnh thiic khdc 5,60 2,30 6,52 3,75 5,14
Ngudn: Tdng hop sd lifeu diiu Ua.
Theo so' lieu diiu tra tai cac dia phUdng diu cd mdt so' dilm chung noi bat la:
Thd nhdt, cac san phim it cd kha nang chl bid'n nhu na, cam, vai thieu phin ldn deu do tu thUdng dam nhfin vai trd tieu tbu vdi ty le tU 84,29% din 89,25% sd' san phim do ndng dan san xua't ra, cdn lai cac kenh tieu thu khac chid'm ty le rat nhd.
Thd hai, cfic san phim ddi hdi phai qua chd' biln, sd chl nhu thud'c la, che, mia phin ldn lai dUdc tieu thu thdng qua hdp dong vdi cac cd sd che' bid'n vdi ty le tU 78,80% din 94,07%. Dd'i vdi hinh thUc nay diiu quan trgng Ifi phai c6 cac cd sd che biln, san xufi't phai hinh thfinh vung nguyen lidu tfip trung, chuyen canh, quy md ldn. Dfiy Id nhiing yeu clu rfi't khd khfin dd'i vdi phin ldn cac hd ndng dan hi^n nay.
Thd ba, mfic dii cac HTX da dUdc ciing cd', chuydn doi theo hinh thUc boat ddng theo ludt mdi, nhUng cd the thfi'y vai trd ciia to chUc nay dam nhdn tieu thu san pham cho ndng dan diu rd't md nhat d tfi't ca cac dia phUdng.
Thd tie, viec phat trien san xufi't cac loai san phim cua hg ndng dan se rfi't thufin ldi va on dinh, tao ra vung hang hda ldn, tfip trung niu nhU cac dia phUdng chu trgng dau tu phat trien cac cd sd che biln, phat trien cac diu md'i thu mua xufi't khiu san pham cho nong dan. Day ciing la diiu kien quan trgng de thUc hien lien ke't "cac nha", dam bao dUdc ldi ich cho cac ben, dfic biet la ldi ich cua ndng dan. Tuy thugc vao dfic dilm ciia san phim hay quy md, mUc dd tap trung san xua't mfi cac hinh thUc kit nd'i san xua't vdi thi
N^n Cliu Kinh t6s6417- TMng 2/2013 49
Nghidn ciifu gldl phdp ..
trUdng CO nhUng ldi the khac nhau. Tuy dUdc coi Ik co ldi the d6i vdi mot so' san nhien tinh dn dinh cua mot so' hinh thUc phdm ciing khong dupc dam bao.
BANG 2: Y kien eiia ngUdi dan ve tinh hinh tieu thu san pham thong qua cac hinh thijfc ket noi (%)
Cdc hinh thiic ket I noi
Vai thieu Na Mia
Cdc hinh thiic ket
I noi Thuan
Ipi Binh thudng Rdt bj
ddng Thudn Ipi Binh
thudng Rat hi ddng Thudn
Ipi Binh thudng Rdt hi
dpng - Bdn uuc ti^p 3.65 10.26 86.09 4,56 8,48 86,96 5,63 12.45 81.92 - Qua hop d6ng voi
CO sd ch6 biln, nhd xudt khdu...
37,43 45,84 16.73 85.42 10.98 3,60
- Thdng qua HTX -
- Thdng qua tu
thuong 15,86 35,60 48,54 17,42 30,42 52,16 10.26 8,99 80,75 - Hinh thiic khdc 2.34 4,28 93.38 1,15 3,72 95.13
Ngudn: T6ng hpp tit sd liftu didu Ua.
Dieu tra thu thfip y kidn ciia ngUdi san xufi't ve mUc dp thufin ldi, kho khfin trong viec dUa san pham ra thi trUdng doi vdi mpt so' san pham cd mdt so diem ndi bat sau:
Thd nhdt, mdt so san pham nhU vai, na, cam... mfic du tu thUdng ddng vai trd chii ydu tieu thu cho ndng dan, nhUng mdt ty Id ldn ngUdi san xua't deu cho rfing, vipc tieu thiJ san phdm qua hinh thUc nfiy rfi't bi ddng (tU 48,54 - 52,16%). Tinh trang nfiy khdng phai chi didn ra d cac tinh Ddng Bfic, mfi cd tinh phd bie'n d nhidu dia phUdng vfi the hien dd'i vdi nhidu san pham khac nhau. Phan ldn san pham thudc nhdm nfiy cdn cd nhieu khd khfin trong khau che bie'n, san xua't khdng dn dinh vfi chUa tao ra dUdc vilng san xufi't hfing hda tfip trung.
Thd hai, cfic san phdm cd dieu kien phat trien thfinh viing nguyen lieu tfip trung, gfin lien vdi cac cd sd che bien lai cd ldi the tieu thti thdng qua hdp ddng, hofic thuc hien lien ke't san xufi't gifla ndng dfin vfi doanh nghiep. Cac loai san phdm nay
tu thUdng cd tham gia mdt phdn tieu thu san phdm cho ndng dfin, nhUng ldi the lai khong nhieu.
Thd ba, nhieu y kien cua ndng dan cho rfing cac HTX, hdi ndng dan vfi cac td chflc khac d dia phUdng mfic du cd rfi't nbilu ldi thi, nhUng vai trd thi hien cdn rfi't md nhat trong viec tham gia kit nd'i san xudt cua ndng dan vdi thi trUdng.
ThUc hien gfin kit san xufi't vdi thi trUdng cua hp ndng dan thdi gian qua d nhilu dia phUdng da cd nhflng thfinh cdng nhd't dinh. Tuy nhien khd khfin trong tieu thu san phdm cua nong dan vfin la yiu td cd ban ban chl phat trien san xufi't vfi nang cao thu nhfip cho ngudi san xufi't.
Khd khfin trong tieu thii san phdm cua ndng dan, hay chUa tao dUdc sU kit ndi bin chfit gifla san xufi't vdi thi trUdng Ifi do nhflng nguyen nhan sau: - Nhilu san pham cua ndng dfin tieu thu cdn hi le thudc qua nhilu vfio tfl thfldng, dfi anh hudng khdng nho din san xufi't kinh doanh cua ngudi san xufi't. Ngofii vipc hi dp cfi'p, dp gia, tu thUdng cdn
50 Nghidn cOu Kinh ti 86417 - TMng 2/2013
Nghien ciifu giai phap ., tham gia dinh hvt6ng san xuit khong phii hpp vdi thi trudng (san xuit che ban, mua gia cao sau lai khong thu mua...) da lam dieu dUng nhilu ngUdi san xuit, gay thiet bai khong chi ve kinh te cho ca xa hoi va ndng ddn, md cdn anh hudng den uy tin va thUdng hidu cua san phim.
- Nhidu dia phUdng chUa chu trong cdng tac quy hoach viing san xud't, chUa tao ra viing san xud't hdng boa tdp trung, nen rit khd khdn cho phat tridn cac cd sd chd bie'n, hofic thu gom tfip trung dd xufi't khiu.
Cdng tac du bao thi trudng vfi dinh hUdng san xufi't cho ndng dan ciia cac cd quan chUc nfing chUa td't, dfin ddn viec san xua't chu ydu mang tinh tU phat, khdng phii hdp vdi thi trudng.
- Do'i vdi vdng san xua't nguyen lieu tap trung da co nhUng nhfin to' tich cUc trong vide thUe hi§n lien ket san xud't giUa ndng dfin vfi doanh nghiep thdng qua hdp ddng.
Tuy nhien, vide quan 1^ nhfi nUde ve cdng tfic k;^ hdp ddng tidu thu ndng san edn nhidu bfi't cfip; nhieu hdp ddng cdn mang tinh hinh thUe, thid'u cd sd phap ly, mdt so' trudng hdp bi pha bo hdp ddng nhUng vide giai quydt ldi ieh giQa eae ben lien quan edn khd khfin.
- Cdng tae kidm soat, quan ly dich bdnh cho cfiy trdng, vfit nudi d mdt so' dia phUdng cdn chUa td't, vide xfl ly dicb chUa kjp thdi, tridt de khdng nhflng gay khd khfin cho tieu thu san phim d ndi cd dicb b§nh mfi edn anh hfldng ddn vide tieu thu ndng san eua ndng dan d eae dia phUdng khfic. Thflc bifn ke't nd'i san xufi't eua hd ndng 3. Giki phap tfing cfldng ket nd'i san xuat vdi thi trfldng cho ho ndng dan cfic tinh Ddng Bac dfin vdi thi trudng phai dat dUde mue dich chu ydu Ifi giup bfi eon ndng dfin san xufi't ra eac san phim cd chfi't lUdng, dfip flng ydu clu cua ngfldi tieu dflng. Ndng dfin cd thd dfla san phim eua minh trflc tiep ra
thi trudng mfi khdng ein qua khau trung gian, nen ldi nhuan cao hdn, vide san xua't va tieu thu san pham ben vflng hdn.
3.1. Day manh vd thuc hien co hieu qud sa "lien kit 4 nhd" (Nhd nUdc, nhd khoa hoc, nhd doanh nghiep vd nhd nong)
ThUc hien "lien ket 4 nhfi" Ifi md hinh hd trd ndng dan san xufi't vfi tieu thu san pham da dUa lai thanh cdng d nhieu dia phUdng khac nhau. Tuy nhien ed the do nhdn thflc ehUa diy du, nen ye'u td Nhfi nUde chu ydu vdn coi trong, trdng ehd sU giup dd cua Nha nUdc trung Udng, ehUa coi trong vai trd eua Nha nUdc dia phUdng, ed sd. Chinh tfl nhfin tbfle chUa diy du nfiy nen chinh quydn, Nha nUdc d dia phUdng, cd sd nhieu ndi ehUa tbfle sU tham gia, the hien vai trd, trach nhidm eua minh trong thUe hien lien ke't de giup dd hd ndng dan san xufi't vfi tieu thu san phim. Theo quy dinh cua luat phap, chinh quyen cd sd co chUe nfing quan ly nhfi nUde ve ndng nghiep d cfi'p ed sd. Vi vfiy, cin phai tang cUdng hdn nfla sfl tham gia cua Nha nUdc cfi'p cd sd, de td chflc nfiy thflc sU trd thfinh mot ydu td' quan trong trong he thd'ng lien kdt, giup hp ndng dan phat trien san xufi't kinh doanh.
3.2. Quy hoach lai vung sdn xud't, phdt dgng phong trdo xdy dUng cdnh dong mdu ldn sdn xudt hdng hoa ddi vdi cdc loai sdn phdm chu ydu Cd the khang dinb rang, cdng tae quy hoach san xua't vfin la khau ye'u kem d nhieu dia phUdng hien nay da anh hudng khdng nhd de'n phat trien san xua't ndng nghiep eua hp ndng dan. Vide cd quy hoach nhung chUa ehi tie't, ehUa phu hdp cung la nguyen nhan gay khd khfin trong viec dinh hudng, ehi dao san xufi't ddi vdi hp ndng dan eua eac cd quan chflc nang. Chinh tfl vide thie'u quy hoach, khdng ed dinh hfldng, nen san xufi't cua ndng dfin ehu ydu NghlSn cOu Kinh t6s6417 - Thing 2/2013 51
Nghign ciiru giai phip mang tinh tU phat, san xuit nho le, khong tao thanh vung san xuat hang hoa tap trung nen rat kho khfin trong tieu thu san phim. Phong trfio xay dUng canh dong mlu ldn ddi vdi san xufi't lua gao da dem lai hieu qua cao cho ho nong dan d mot sd^
tinh phia Nam. Thiet nghi, vdi Uu the ve dfi't dai, didu kien tU nhien... cac tinh Dong Bfic cin phat dong phong trfio xfiy dUng canh ddng mlu ldn ddi vdi mot sd^ san phim phu hdp vdi dfic thu ciia dia phUdng, tren cd sd quy hoach lai vung san xufi't, tao ra nhUng didu kien cin thidt de gfin ket san xufi't ciia ho nong dfin vdi thi trUdng mot cfich ben vflng. De dam bao thflc hien to't noi dung nfiy cin phai c6 sfl tham gia tich cue eua chinh quyen nha nUde cfi'p ed sd va cfic cfi'p, eae ngfinh lien quan d dia phUdng.
3.3, Phdt trien manh cdc hinh thdc hap tdc trong sdn xud't vd tieu thu, hinh thdnh cdc HTX theo tdng ngdnh hdng d cdc dia phuang Vdi nhflng bfi't ldi ve nhieu mfit, nong dfin khong the ddc Ifip td chflc san xufi't, tieu thu san phim, nen cin phai cd sfl giup dd dudi nhieu hinh thflc khfic nhau.
Mot trong nhflng hinh thflc vfla phfl hdp, vfla ed hieu qua dd'i vdi ndng dan dd la phfit trien eae hinh thflc hdp tae trong san xufi't va tieu thu san pham. Thdi gian gin dfiy, d mdt so' tinh phia Nam md hinh HTX theo tflng ngfinh hfing, san pham eua ndng dfin dfi thUe sU phfit huy hieu qua trong viec hd trd san xufi't va tieu thu san phim eua hd ndng dan. Thie't nghi, khi Luat Hdp tie xfi mdi sfla ddi dfldc Qud'c hdi thdng qua se tao nhieu thudn ldi eho md hinh kinh te' nfiy phat trien d ndng thdn nUde ta hidn nay. 3.4. To chdc to't he thd'ng tu thuang Mfic dfl cdn nhieu tdn tai nhflng phai khfing dinh rfing, he thd'ng tU thUdng ludn cd vi tri rfi't quan trong trong viec thu gom, tieu thu san phim eho ndng dan. Day dfi
vfi se van Ifi kenh tieu thu nang ddng vfi phfl hdp nhfi't vdi dieu kidn san xufi't quy md ndng hd d nUde ta hidn nay. Vfi'n de Ifi 5 ehd can phai td chflc, quan ly td't hd thd'ng nay de tao ra tinh chu ddng trong vipc li§n ke't tieu thu san pham gifla ngUdi san xufi't va tu thUdng, han ehe thfi'p nhfi't mflc thi^t hai eho ndng dan trong san xufi't vfi tieu thu san phim. Day Ifi vfi'n de quan 1^
mang tinh xa hdi, nen ein phai ed sfl tham gia eua ehinh quydn dia phUdng vfi cfic cfi'p, ngfinh lien quan.
3.5. Cdn tdng cUdng cong tdc du bdo thi truang, phd bidn kidn thflc, hd trd vd'n... eho ndng dfin san xufi't; hd trd eac hdp tac xa, td hdp tac phat trien san xufi't vfi to chflc ed hieu qua viec tieu thu san phim eho nong dan. Chinh quydn, cac td chflc dofin the d dia phfldng ein ehu ddng kdt nd'i vdi cfic cd quan lien quan giup eac HTX, hd ndng dan thao gd khd khfin, vUdng mfic ve chinh sach, vd'n de san phim lfim ra cd thi trUdng tieu thu dn dinh. Day Id he thd'ng eae giai phap ein ed sU tham gia eua nhieu to chflc, hdi, doan the cac cfi'p... trong viec hd trd cae van dd ea vl kinh te, kie'n tbfle vfi phap ly de giup hp ndng dan phat trien san xua't vfi tieu thp san pham.
Ket luan
Cae tinh Ddng Bfic ed nhidu ldi the trong san xufi't mdt so san phim ed gia tri kinh te eao nhU: san pham cay cdng nghipp, cfiy dupe lieu, cay fin qua... Tuy nhien, do han che' ve vdn, kha nfing ap dung tie'n bp ky thufit trong san xufi't, kien thflc thi trUdng vfi cfic dieu kien san xufi't khac, nen san xufi't eua hp ndng dfin cac dia phUdng nfiy cdn gfip nhieu khd khfin, dfic biet la vfi'n dd tieu thu san phim. Ndng dfin ludn Ifi ngUdi chiu thiet thdi nhieu nhfi't, xet tren tfi't ea cfic phUdng dien khfic nhau. Trong kinh te tbi trUdng, tieu thu san phim ludn Ifi vfi'n de khd khfin nen dupe quan tfim nhieu nhfi't ddi
52 NghiSn cOV Kinh tSs6417- ThSng 2/2013
Nghidn ciifu giai phdp ., v6i ngUdi san xufi't, nhfi't Ifi ddi vdi ho nong dfin. Chfnh vi vfiy, giiip dd nong dan phat trien san xufi't, tieu thu san pham de nfing cao ddi sd^ng cho ho viia la nghia vu, trach nhiem ciia tfi't ca cac cfi'p, cac nganh vfi cua tofin xa hoi. Viec nghiSn ciiu va dUa ra cac giai phfip thiic hien ket no'i san xufi't giiia hp nong dan vdi thi trUdng theo cac noi dung tren day hy vong se dong gop vao vipc phat tridn san xufi't va tieu thu san phdm cho dia phUdng thdi gian tdi. Day la khfiu quan trpng nhUng lai co nhieu kho
khan, nen can phai co sii vao cupc ddng bo mdi CO the giai quyet dUdc./.
TAI LifeU THAM KHAO:
1. Bic Giang: Kit ndi ba ben de xuc tie'n tieu thu san phdm, http://www.vnbusiness.vn (26-4-2012).
2. Du in "Ket ndi h6 n6ng dSn ngheo vdri thi truemg" do Chi'nh phii Niu Dilan tii tro, thuc hien tai tinh Binh Dinh.
3. Du an "Cai thien su tham gia thi trudng cho ngudi ngheo" (IMPP) tai Hi Tinh.
NghlSn oAt Kmh t4 s6 417- ThSng 2/2013 53
