TRIET HOC, SO 12 (223), THANG 12-2009
TRAO DOI Y KIEN
VE CHUONG TRINH ckl TO CAC mON KHOA HOC MAC - LENIN
f7?\ rong xu the chung eua cii each giao due, vai nam trd lai day, Bd Giao due O va Dao tao da thanh lap nhdm bien soan lai giao trinh cae mdn khoa hge Mae - Lenin ddnh cho sinh vien dai hgc, eao dang khdi khdng chuyen tren todn qud'e.
Hai nam trd lai day, Trung tam bdi dUdng ly luan Mac - Lenin cdng vdi nhdm lam viee cua Bd Giad due va Dad tad ve chUdng trinh nay da td chdc tap huan che giang vien khdi khdng chuyen tren toan qud'c. Mat khae, hien cud'n Gido trinh mdi ve eac mdn hgc ndy da dUde xua't b i n dUdi ten ggi Nhiing nguyen ly cd bdn cua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin, Bg Giao due va Dao tac (TS.Pham Vdn Sinh va GS,TS. Pham Quang Phan - Ddng chu bien), Nxb Chinh tri Qud'c gia. Ha Ngi, 2009. Qua qua trinh tap huan va dUa vao giang day, chdng tdi nhan tha'y cd mdt so' van de lien quan den Gido trinh nay can phai trao ddi. Ciing can ndi ngay r i n g , trong bai viet nay, chdng tdi ehUa di sau vao phan tich cu the ndi dung, md mdi chi dUa ra mdt sd y kien ve hinh thdc khoa hgc va each td chdc ket eau chung cua Gido trinh nay.
Ai cung hieu mdt cdng trinh khoa hge ndo dd trUdc bet phdi ddm bdo nhiing tieu
NGUYEN VAN VINH '*'
chuan tdi thieu vi logic, ket cdu cua ngi dung, khi cdc tieu chi ndy chUa dgt yeu cdu thi cdc vdn di khdc khdng cdn dgt ra.
Chung tdi da cd dip trao ddi triie tiep vdi hai ddng tac gia tai dgt tap hua'n d Cda Ld (Nghe An) hdi thang 8 vda qua. Mae du vay, chdng tdi van mdng cd sii phan hdi chinh thdc cua nhdm bien scan Gido trinh de thdng qua trad ddi, chung ta ed dUdc met Gido trinh hdan thien hdn. Mdi day da ed bai viet eua tac gii Le Trgng An (vd chdng tdi chia se nhiing y kien nay) dang tren Tap ehi Triet hgc - sd' 10 (221) 2009; vi vay, chdng tdi xin lUde bd nhdng y kien trung lap.
1. vi chu trUdng, chdng tdi ung he viee c i t giim thdi lUdng ciing nhU sii ein thiet p h i i bien soan lai mdt p h i n ndi dung eua cac mdn hge {Triet hgc Mdc - Lenin; Kinh te - chinh tri hgc; Chu nghia xd hgi khoa hgc; Lich sd Ddng va Tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh). Ve thdi lUdng, trUde day, nhiing mdn nay ed thdi gian giing day thiie te la 330 tiet (ddi vdi khdi eac trUdng khdng chuyen), hien c i t xud'ng edn 10 tfn ehi
(*) Tien si, TrUdng Dai hoc My thuat Cong nghiep Ha Noi.
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NGUYEN VAN VINH
(tUdng dUdng vdi 225 tiet). Td trUde den nay, v i n cd dU luan cho r i n g , thdi lUdng cii la qua dai ddi vdi cae mdn thudc p h i n giac due dai cUdng. Vdi muc tieu hdi nhap va tang cUdng eho cae mdn chuyen nganh trong ca'p dao tao dai hgc, eao dang, viee c i t giim nay la e i n thiet. Ve ndi dung eac mdn hgc, cu the la 3 mdn: Triet hge Mae - Lenin, Kmh te chfnh tri hge Mac - Lenin va Chd nghia xa hdi khoa hge, eung dUdc eo lai va bien tap lai; song, va'n de d day la bien tap nhU the nao? Dieu. quan trgng nha't khi cat giim ve thdi lUdng la van phai gid dUdc trinh tii Idgie, ndi dung, cae nguyen ly va quy luat cd b i n cua ba mdn khca hge tren, dieu nay trong khoa hgc ggi la sii t i n h g i a n vufng c h a c . Dang tide la nhdm tac gia da khdng hieu dUdc yeu ciu tdi thieu dd ve mat khoa hge, eai nay trong mdn Cd tudng ggi la "ehUa sach nUde ein". Vi vay, d 3 p h i n (9 ehUdng) the hien ba mdn bgc nay da bi eat giam met each ed hge, tuy tien nen ngay ea nhiing giing vien ed chuyen men vdng ciing chang hieu "diu cua tai nbeu" cua mdn hgc nay la gi - chUa ke phan Triet bgc cd 3 ehu'dng thi 2 chUdng trdng nhau.
2. Ten cua mdn hgc hien dung la:
Nhiing nguyen ly ed bdn cda chu nghia Mdc - Lenin (hien nay, cac giang vien va sinh vien ggi tat la mdn nguyen ly), chdng tdi nhan tha'y day la sii lap ghep giidng gac 3 mdn khda hgc cd ddi tUdng nghien cdu tUdng ddi ddc lap vdi nhau. Ddi tUdng cua Triet hgc la nhdng quy luat chung nhai ve sii van ddng va phat trien eua tii nhien, xa hdi va tU duy; va'n de cd ban nha't cua triet hgc la quan he gida tdn tai va tu duy; ddi tUdng cua Kinh te chinh tri
hge la nhdng mat chung nhat, cd ban nha't cua he thd'ng quan he san xua't xa hgi trdng mdi quan he vdi liic lUdng sin xua't, tdc la nhdng mdi quan he gida ngUdi vdi ngUdi dUdc hinh thanh trcng qua trinh san xua't, quan ly, phan phdi, trao ddi va tieu dung eua cai vat cha't;
nghien cdu eac quy luat kinh te cua sii boat dgng va phat trien cac hinh thai kinh te trong lich sd. Kinh te chinh tri hge la nganh khoa hge cd tinh giai ca'p sau sic. Mdn Chu nghia xa hgi khda hge ciing cd ddi tUdng nghien cdu cua rieng nd. Thee C.Mae va Ph.Anghen, ehu nghia xa hgi khoa hgc trUde het la mgt trao lUu tu tudng, tren cd sd dd xay diing thanh cdng che do xa hgi. Xua't phat td sii phan tieh che do tU ban chu nghia tai cac nUdc phat trien n h a t d chau Au gida the ky XIX, cac nha kinh dien cua chu nghia Mac cho r i n g , ta't ye'u se dan de'n sii bung nd each mang xa hgi nhdm xoa bd chu nghia tu ban va chuyen len chu nghia xa hdi. Viec xac dinh ddi tUdng nghien cdu cua mdi khoa hgc la tien de cd ban chd sii tdn tai va phat trien cua mdi khoa hgc.
Trinh tii phd bien mang tinh bat huge, trUdng quy vdi mdi mdn khoa hgc nao dd khi dUa vao giang day la: Khai luan chung ve mdn hgc - tdm t i t lich sd mdn hgc - eac nguyen ly, quy luat... NhU vay, trong trUdng hdp nay, ddi tUdng, phUdng phap, lich sd cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin se dUde gidi thieu, phan tfch n h i m giup ngUdi hgc hieu dUdc tinh khoa hgc, tinh chan ly, sii tien bg cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin so vdi cac hgc thuyet triidc dd.
Chinh vi sii c i t xen tuy tien nen ban than cac tac gia da khdng chi ra diidc ddi tUdng
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VE CHUONG TRINH c A l TO c A c MON KHOA HOC M A C - LENIN cua mdn hgc (xm tham khao them bdi cua
tac gia Le Trgng An). Neu de nhU vay, chdng ta se tha'y day la mdt mdn hgc khdng cd ddi tUdng nghien cdu cu the, khdng cd phUdng phap luan thd'ng nha't va trong trUdng hdp nay, nd khdng du tU each trd thanh met mdn khda hgc de cd the dUa vao giang day eho ca'p dai hge va cao ddng. Ve mat dinh danh khoa bgc, ai Cling biet r i n g mdt c h u n g h i a nao dd Id
"he thd'ng ly luan ve chinh tri, triet hgc, kinh te, van hoa, nghe thuat the hien bing quan niem, quan diem, lap trUdng, khuynh hudng, phUdng phap luan, phUdng phap sang tac... dc mdt ngUdi hay mgt tap the de xua't"... eac thuat ngd nay khi chuyen sang ngdn ngd An - Au ed
"hau to' ism, isme, thf du. idealisme, materialism..." (Td dien Bach khoa Viet Nam). Cac mdn khoa hgc cu the se ed vi td la logic (thi du: Biologic, Geologic...) hoac la cac Studies (nghien cdu), thi du:
Vietnam studies... Trong khi dd, neu chuyen ddi mdn hgc nay sang thuat ngii qudc te thi dUdng nhien se phai b i t d i u la tien td Prinsip (nguyen ly). Trong trUdng hdp nay, cum td chu nghia Mac - Lenin trcng ten giae trinh ehi edn gid vai trd bd trd de lam r5 ngi hdm. Cac nguyen ly, quy luat, dinh ly, dinh luat chi la cae thanh phan trong met ly thuyet khda hge.
Nhu vay, ve mat cap dd nhan thdc khca hge thi thay vi la met c h u n g h i a , mdn hgc nay chi cdn la sii tap hdp khdng theo trinh tii eac nguyen ly cua cae khoa hgc khae nhau. Neu nhdm tac gia de ten Gido trinh la: Chu nghia Mac - Lenin, cdn cum td "Nhdng nguyen ly cd ban" la phan phu chd thi van de lai khae. Day la sil bat
can, hoac la thieu hieu biet ve mat khoa hge cua nhdm bien tap.
3. Vi ket cdu logic eua ndi dung Gido trinh, thii nhdt, ddi vdi mdn Triet hge, ai eiing biet day la mdt trong nhiing mdn khoa hge ed lich sd lau dai nha't trong cae khoa hge; nd ed vai trd \a the gidi guan va phUdng phap luan eho eon ngUdi trong eac hoat ddng nhan thdc va eai tao thiic tien, vdi rat nhieu' nhiing ten tudi Idn trong lich sd nhan loai. Mdn hgc nay vd'n ludn cd mat d ta't ea cac trUdng cad dang va dai hge tren tean the gidi td xUa den nay. Treng khi dd, d Giad trinh Nhiing nguyen ly cd bdn cua chd nghia Mdc - Lenin lai khdng the hien duge sii khai lUde ein thiet, eiing nhU sii tdm tat ve lich sd eua mdn nay. Hdn niia, theo tinh than cua Gido trinh nay, Triet hge ndi chung va Triet hgc Mac - Lenin ndi rieng da chfnh thdc hi "khai td". Theo dd, td nay trd di, tren giang dUdng cae trUdng dai hgc vd eao ddng tai Viet Nam khdng edn mdt khoa hge cd ten la Triet hge niia.
Cai chet tde tudi eua Triet hge, tide thay, lai do nhdng ngUdi da tdng la mdn de cua mdn khda hge nay xud'ng tay. Thd hai, del vdi mdn Kinh te ehinh tri hge thi tinh hinh edn te hai hdn nda, khdng ed gidi thieu chung, khdng ed khai luan chung, khdng ed del tUdng va phUdng phap nghien cdu, ma da bi c i t d i u c i t dudi day ngay ngUdi hgc vac p h i n hgc thuyet gia tri va hgc thuyet gia tri thang dU. Thii ba, mdt each tUdng tii, mdn Chu nghia xa hdi khoa hgc cung vay. NhU vay, chdng ta tha'y r i n g , vdi mdn hgc nay, nhdm bien soan da lam mgt cd chi ggi la "doan tuyet vdi ky de xa hdi" - ky dc xa hdi d day
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NGUYEN VAN VINH
dugc hieu la nhdng t n thdc khoa hgc cua loai ngUdi cd dUdc trong lich sd phat trien.
Mdt trong nhdng chdc nang guan trgng nha't cua cac trUdng dai hgc la truj'dn tai ky de xa hgi cho sinh vien.
4. Ve nghiep vu sU phgm. Gido trinh nay cdn qua nhieu khiem khuyet, ehUa dd tieu chuan de dUa vao giing day. Thd nhd't, vdi each phan ehia de danh gia theo tfn ehi thi mdn hge nay dUde danh che 5 tin ehi: trong dd, p h i n Triet hge gdm 2 tin chf, hai mdn edn lai gdm 3 tfn ehi. Rieng viee nay da la mdt sU khd khan cho gua trinh danh gia diem, khdng the de mdi mdn trong 2 mdn cdn lai 1,5 tin chi dUdc, vi mdi tin chi la mgt ddn vi danh gia tdi thieu theo quy dinh cua each dao tao mdi.
Thd hai, can ed cac eau hdi, thang diem (theo qui Ude tin chi) eho tdng tin chi cu the. The nhUng, trong giao trinh mdi nay.
chdng tdi khdng tha'y the bien dieu dd.
Mat khae. trong tinh hinh hien tai. mdi ehi ed mdt sd' trUdng eac dang va dai hgc chuyen ddi sang hinh thdc dao tao theo tin ehi, da sd' cae trUdng v i n theo each eau tao diem bang eac ddn vi hgc trinh.
Thd ba, vdi each co chUdng trinh lai nhu vay, edn dat ra mdt va'n de khac, dd la:
ngudn nhan liic giang vien se thda ra 1/3.
Td trUdc den nay, vdi ehUdng trinh dao tao eu. mdt ngudn nhan liie dUde dad tao nhieu nam van dam bao dUde qua trinh dad tao trong cae trUdng cao d i n g va dai hge. Mat khae. ngudn nhan lUe nay dUde dad tao theo xu hUdng chuyen sau va da dat dugc mdt trinh do chuyen mdn vdng chdc. Neu rdt n g i n chUdng trinh lai, viee thda giang vien la dieu dUdng nhien va van cd the de cac giang vien nay giang
day nhdng mdn minh da dUdc dad tad tren cd sd t i n h g i a n vufng c h a c chuyen mdn minh cd. NhUng hien nay, theo ehu trUdng chung da dUdc tap huan thi cac giang vien mdn Triet hgc va Chu nghia xa hgi khea hgc dUde tap hua'n mdn Kinh te chfnh tri hge, cdn giang vien mdn Kinh te chfnh tri hgc thi chuyen sang tap hua'n Triet hgc. Muc tieu ma Trung tam bdi dUdng ly luan Mac - Lenin de ra la eac giang vien mdn hgc nay can phai giang day dUde toan bg childng trinh. Day la mdt y tUdng phi sU phgm nhdt ma ngUdi ta cd the tudng tUdng ra dUdc. Thee thdng le sU pham, mgt ngiidi de giang day td't mgt chuyen mdn da dUdc dao tao chuyen sau cho eac trUdng dai hgc va cao dang, can phai ed 10 nam ddng tren bue mdi ggi la lam ehu dUdc chUdng trinh. Ta't nhien, thdi gian trdng nghe cang lau cang td't, nd dng vdi cau "thiy giac gia, ecn hat tre".
Vay ma ehi vdi ma'y budi tap hua'n, ngUdi ta nghi r i n g cac giing vien da cd the giang day tcan bd ehUdng trinh thi dieu dd that la hoang tUdng. NhU chung tdi dUdc biet, trong linh viic khoa hgc Mac - Lenin, chdng ta cd r a t nhieu cac nha khoa hge dUdc dao tao bai ban, dd la eac giao su d i u nganh, khong hieu vi ly do gi ma khdng tha'y sii cd mat cua hg trong viee bien soan mdt giao trinh quan trgng danh eho sinh vien ca nUdc.
Tren day, chdng tdi da trinh bdy mdt s d n h a n xet ve Gido trinh "Nhdng nguyen ly cd hdn cda chu nghia Mdc - Lenin".
Chdng tdi mong n h a n dUde y kien phan hdi eua cac ddng nghiep de trcng tUdng lai, chdng ta cd mgt cud'n giao trinh tdt h d n . a
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