y KINH TE DON DIEN HAI D U O N G
GIAI DOAN 1919-1945
JCHU T H I THU THUY*
S
au Chien tranh the gidi thfl nhi't, thue dan P h i p tien h i n h chflong trinh khai thac thudc dia lan thfl hai d Ddng Dflong. Trong lin khai thac n i y , nong nghipp dflge dfla len h i n g diu trong tiit tu dau tfl. Bing nhflng chfnh sieh khuyen ndng tich cflc v i hieu qua, khu vfle kinh td' d i n dien ngiy cang p h i t triin.Dilu n i y gdp phan l i m chuyen bie'n n l n kinh te' ndng nghiep Vidt Nam ndi chung v i kinh t l ndng nghidp tinh Hai DflOng ndi rieng.
Tuy nhien, vah de kinh te don dien tinh Hai Dflong giai doan 1919 - 1945 v i n chfla dupe nghidn eflu chuydn siu. Trong khi dd, nghien eflu ve vah de n i y cd y nghia khoa hpe v i thfle tien s i u sic. Nd gdp p h i n khdi phuc lai bfle tranh ndng nghidp tinh Hai DflOng giai doan niy. Tren eO sd dd, d i n h gii khich quan, toan didn v l sfl thd'ng tri cua thue d i n P h i p d tinh Hai Duong ndi rieng v i Vipt Nam ndi ehung.
1. So Itftfi^, d i ^ n t i c h v a q u y m o d o n dien cf Hai Dtfdng
a) Si lugng vd dien tich ddn diin:
Theo n h i nghidn eflu Ta Thi Thuy, giai
doan 1919 - 1945, Hai DflOng cung v d H i Ddng, Vinh Yen la nhiing tinh cd ty Id don diln v i dipn tieh don d i l n dugc khai thic nhieu nhi't d Bae Ky. Cu t h i , Hai DflOng CO 4 d i n diln dflge thie't l i p theo quy chi nhflgng dat chung da dflge khai t h i c vd tong d e n tich la 631,9 ha. Trong dd, co 2 don d e n ciia dien chu ngfldi P h i p v d dien tich la 309,16 ha v i 2 don diln ciia diln chii ngfldi Vipt vdi didn tich l i 322,74 ha [11, ti. 268].
Theo bao cio cua Cdng sfl tinh Hai Dflcfng, giai doan n i y tinh ed 17 don diln, vdi tong dipn tich la 6.296,88 ha, didn tich eanh t i e l i 1.792,66 ha [8, tr.40]. Cie din d i n n i y chu ye'u tap trung d Chi Linh vi Dong Trilu.
b) Quy mo ddn diin:
Don dien d Bae Ky dflge chia lim hai loai chinh: trdn v i dfld 50 ha. Loai dfld 50 ha dflge gpi l i don diln nhd. Loai tien 50 ha dugc gpi l i d i n dien ldn. Tinh d i n nim 1940, trong tong s l 17 d i n dien, tinh Hii DflOng ed: - 5 don d i l n nhd, ehilm di$n tich 125,56 ha, chiem 29,4% so d i n diln v i 12 don diln ldn, chiem didn tich 6.171,32ha, chiem 70,6% s l don dien. Dilu dd cho thay,
* Ths. Chu Thi Thu Thiy, Trudng DHSP H i Noi 2
Chu Thf Thu Thdy - Kinh te ddn diin Hdi Duong giai dogn 1919 - 1945 47
d e n chu ldn vSn chiem ty lp ldn hon so v d d e n chu nho. D i e bidt, da xuat hidn nhilu diln ehu ldn l i ngfld V e t , nhfl Nguydn Kim Lan, Nguyin Ngge Chflong.
2. V l c a c d i e n c h u v a n h S n c o n g c a c d d n d i l n cf H a i Dtfctag
a) Cdc diin chd d Hdi Duang:
Giai doan 1919 — 1945, ben canh cic diln chu ngfld P h i p da xui't hien cic d e n chu ngfld Viet. Theo cich p h i n chia cua Ta Thi Thuy, d Hai Dflong, eac diln ehu ed t h i dugc chia t h i n h :
- NhOng diin chd ddc ldp: Trong so 17 d i n diln d tinh Hai Dflong thi cd 8 d i l n ehii dOc l i p , chie'm dai da sd' cic d e n chu, din d i l n v i dipn tich don dien. Trong dd cd nhiJng d i l n ehii sd hflu rat nhilu don d e n ldn, nhfl trfldng hgp ciia dien chu Barbiaux (sd hiili 6 don dien, trong dd cd 5 din d i l n ldn) v i dien chii Nguyen Kim Lin (sd hiiu 3 don d e n , trong dd cd 2 don d i n ldn).
- Nhihig liin danh diin chd: & Hai DflOng, eho d i n n i m 1941, ehi ed 1 lien danh. Dd l i Hen danh gifla dng M.Grandmange v i dng R Marty dflge nhflgng 1 don dien tam thdi vdi d e n tich l i 1.000 ha. Sau dd dflge nhfldng cho lien danh gifla nhflng ngfldi thfla k l Marty v i Cdng ty mo Bic Ky, t h i n h 1 don d e n vinh vien v d didn tieh 494,37 ha.
- Cdc cdng ty diin chu: 6 Hai Duong, ed 1 c d i ^ ty diln chu v d 1 don diln ed didn tich l i 300ha. Ban d i u don dien n i y l i eiia Cdng ty t h a n Anthracites. Sau dflge chuyen t h i n h d i n dien vinh viln vdi quyin sd hflu oia Cdng ty mo B i c Ky.
Sfl xua't hidn eua cic dien chu ngfldi
Viet, du l i nhd hcfn, lep v l hon so vdi eac d e n ehii ngifd Phap v l so hflU rudng da't, l i mdt d i u m d me trong ndng thdn ban dia. Bd phan dien ehu nay ed quyin Igi gan liln v d quyin lgi cua dd' qud'c nen dan hp den sfl doi lap v d dai da s l quan chiing ndng d i n .
b) Vi nhdn cong trong cdc don diin:
Chinh quyin thude dia da tao co sd p h i p ly cho cic diln chu tuyen dung n h i n cong. Ngay 25 - 10 - 1927, Toin quyen Ddng DflOng da ban h i n h T h e le bao hd nhan edng ban xfl v i ngfld chiu A lim theo giao keo trong cic sd nong nghiep, ky nghp v i ham md" md rdng hon nfla d e u kien tuyen dung n h i n edng. Theo dd, lao dpng vi t h i n h nien dflpe sfl dung, vdi d i u kien tuli tfl 14 de'n 18 v i di cung cha me.
Nhan cdng cd the ky giao keo khdng can t h d han, l i m viec 10 gid/ngay v i dflpc tra IflOng theo do tuli [10, tr.l22].
Cdng nhan trong cic don d e n l i nhijfng n g u d ndng d i n khdng hoic it rudng di't va nguon thu n h i p khdng du nudi song ban t h i n , gia d n h d tiong hoic xung quanh khu vflc don d e n . Cd nhiJng ngud l i m thfldng xuyen cho chu ca n i m , th^m chi ca d d , khdng phai ehi mot minh ma ca gia dinh, tfl d d cha sang d d con. Nhflng dai da sd' edng nhan lam vipc theo ngiy.
Nhijfng n g u d nay t d don dien b i n sfle lao dpng trong lue ndng nhan, ranh rdi ^^
thfldng l i khi vu g i t lua k i t thiie eung l i lue mua thu h i i c i phe bat dau.
Nguon nhan eong nfla l i ngfld Hoa, dong b i o eae d i n tdc thilu so Min, Nung.
Khi viet v l don d i n cua d i n ehu Nguyen Kim Lan, dflpc nhflgng ngay 23/5/1936, Cdng sfl tinh Hai Duong cho bilt: "Khdng
48 Ng/iien ci'eu Dong Nam A. sd 9/2015 cd mdt ta d e n n i o ngu tai don d i n Nguyin
Kim Lan v i da khai khan don d e n dd lai l i ngfld Vipt ca. T i t ca ho deu la ngfld chiu A nflde ngoii khie (ngifd Hoa - TTT) gii'u nguon goc thfle sU cua minh dfld nhifng the cin cfldc ciia nhiJfng ngfld Nung, nhd vio sfl dong Ida cua iy trUdng mdt sd ling miln nui" [11, tr.248-249].
3. Phtfdng thtfc c a n h t a c t r o n g c a c
din diln
a) Hinh thUc sd dung cdng nhdn an luang:
C( Hai Dflong, hinh thflc sfl dung edng n h i n an Iflong n i y thudng dflge sfl dung trong cic phan don d i n trong c i phd. Tuy nhien, do khi h i u v i tho nhudig d Hai Duong khdng phu hgp lim vdi sfl p h i t triin cua ciy e i phd ndn d e n tieh trong c i phe d diy ngiy cing giam sut, keo theo sfl suy giam so' Iflpng edng n h i n ndng nghidp.
Nim 1938, trong so 17 don d e n cua tinh, chi ed 4,5 ha trong cay c i phe v d s l Iflgng cdng n h i n ban xfl thue Ii 50 ngfld, t i l n cdng dao dpng tfl 0,25 de'n 0,35d, cho san lupng 2 tan [6, tr.3]. Den n i m 1940, d e n tich trong c i phe giam xud'ng cdn 3,5 ha v d s l Iflpng cdng n h i n ban xfl thud l i 30 ngfldi, cho san Iflpng 950 kg [8, tr.442].
Do phin ldn edng n h i n don d i n d Bic Ky l i cdng n h i n ving lai, ndn hg l i m vipc thu&ng khdng cd giao kdo ehinh thflc, lai cing khdng ed giao kdo b i n g v i n ban nhfl nhiing cdng n h i n lim viec tai cie h i m mo, n h i miy hay trdn cie don d i n cao su d Nam R^. Hinh thflc tra Iflong tuy thuOe vao cich thfle tuyen dung cua m i i diln chii v i thdi quen ciia moi vCmg. Trdn mOt d i n den, diln ehu k i t hgp gifla eie hinh thflc
tra IflOng k h i c nhau. Lflong nam dflge tra eho nhijfng n h a n cong l i ngfld Au. LflOng t h i n g tra cho nhtfng n h a n vidn quan ly, nhQ:ng cdng n h a n l i m viee tflOng dd'i liu tren d i n d e n . Lflong k h o i n tra cho tflng cdng doan cua viec khai t h i c d i n d i n : phi hoang, ciy bfla, dao h i , trong cay, thu hii san pham, nha't l i ca phe. Hinh thfle pho bie'n nhi't l i tra Iflong theo ngiy - hinh thfle CO ban trong phUdng thfle khai thac tnfc t i l p d B i c Ky.
Die biet, ed sfl chdnh lpeh ldn giifa Iflong eiia edng n h a n ngfld Au so v d edng nhan ngifd ban xfl tren cimg mdt don d i n . Theo bao cao ciia Cdng sfl tinh Hai DflOng, n i m 1931, luong cdng n h i n ngudi Au t r e n cie don dien trong lua la 4.000d/nim, con Iuong edng nhan ngfl&i ban xfl l i 0,30d/ngiy, tflOng dflOng khoing 109,5d/nim. N i m 1933, Iflong cdng nhin ngfldi Au tren cic d&n d e n t r i n g lua giim xud'ng edn 3.000d/nam, nhung van cao hon Iflong eiia cong n h a n ngfld ban xfl nhilu, vd'n ehi cd tfl 0,10 den 0,20d/ngiy nim 1933, tflong dflong khoang tfl 36,5 den 73d/nam [2, tr.18], [3, tr.30].
Mflc luong thflc te' eiia edng n h i n d Bic Ky ndi ehung v i d Hai DflOng ndi ridng c6 xu hudng n g i y e i n g giam. Trong nhijfng n i m khung hoang, Iflong cdng n h i n giim d do sfl sut g i i cua cic s i n phim ndng nghidp. N i m 1934, d Hai Dflong, Iflcmg n g i y cdng eua eong n h i n d i n d i n ehi tif 0,06d dd'i vdi d i n b i v i 0,10d dli v d din dng v i o lue binh thfldng, vio mua thu hoaich t i n g them tfl 4 d i n 5 xu. Mflc Ifldng n i y dfldc duy tri cho den nhflng n i m 1936 - 1937, So vdi g i i gao cua nhflhg nam niy (1934 - 1937) khoang 6,2d 1 ta thi Iflong eiia cdng n h i n d i n d i n ehl tUong dfldng tif
Chu Thj Thu Thuy - Kinh tedon diin Hdi Duang giai dogn 1919 - 1945 49 30 d i n 50 kg/thing m i thdi. Dilu dd cd
nghia l i luong thfle te cua cdng nhan d i n d i n giam d mpt nda so v d trfldc eudc khung hoang kinh te n i m 1929 [4], [11, ti.236].
D d song ciia eic edng n h i n h i t sflc khd k h i n vi nhi?ng dilu kidn ve ve sinh, y te, giao thong cimg,nha^g nhu eiu thiet yeu vl tinh than khdng dflge dam bao. Chlnh qityin thupc dia da n h a n dinh: "Tinh tiang cua cdng n h a n ndng nghipp khdng dflge tot bing d d song t i d i l n v i c i n g kdm hon d d sing eua eie q u i diln" [11, tr.239].
b) Hinh thUc phdt canh thu td:
Ifinh thflc n i y van ludn l i "kieu m i u ed triin vgng nha't eua vide k h d t h i c thudc dia d B i c Ky v i c i n dflge khuyen khich nhieu nha't". Hai Dflong l i mot trong nhOYig tinh dflge coi l i trung tam ciia hinh thflc n i y .
Trong b i o cio kinh t l h i n g n i m gfli Thd'ng sfl B i c Ky, Cdng sfl Hai Dflong cung phii thfla n h i n "NhOing dai don d e n cua ngfld Au v i ngfldi ban xfl dflge khai t h i e gan nhfl t a t ca deu b i n g t i d e n " [4], tieu bilu ed the k l den don d e n ciia dai d i n chu Nguyen Kim Lan v d 1 d i n d i n cd d § n ti'eh 273,25 ha; d i n d i n cua Cdng ty Than gay Anthracites v d d e n tich 300 ha.
H i u nhfl cic don d i n dugc k h d t h i e bing t i d e n diu l i nhiing don d i n da canh gifla cic loai c i y m d v i cay ban dia hay gifla cic loai ciy ban dia v d nhau.
C i c ta d i n l i m vipc trdn don d i n thudng khdng ed giao kfeo chinh thflc b i n g v i n b i n m i l i b i n g mipng theo thdi quen eua tifng viing, tflng d i n chu v d nhiing ndi dung khdng mify thay dli. Dien ehii giao rupng v i d i g vd'n eho t i d e n dfld hinh
thfle gilng, cdng cu, sflc kdo v i khoan tien i n cho ta d i n tiong vu dau tien. Dong t h d bao dam ch6 d, nhii!!^ d i u kidn ve sinh, an toan lao dpng eho ta d i l n theo nhflng quy dinh trong quy ehe sfl dung n h i n cdng chung. Cdn t i d i n p h i i tra eho ehu mpt k h o i n dia td b i n g thdc sau vu thu hoaeh tuy v i o dp phi oia di't, eua nhiilig d i u kien trong trot, c h i n nudi cua moi don d i n va ndi chung tiiy theo sfl thda t h u i n gifla ddi ben, vdi mflc thdng dung v i o khoang 50% vu thu. Ngoii ra, t i d i n ddi khi cung dflge hfldng nhflng san pham tfl nhflng cay trong phu tidn don d e n v i phai l i m them nhifng cdng vipc phu trdn d i n d i n . Theo b i o cio cua Cdng sfl tinh Hai Duong, cac don d e n thfldng d i n h tfl 3 de'n 5 ha trong chd, k h o d lang, san, mia do nhu cau cua t i d e n [6], [7].
Do vd'n bd ra it, khdng t i n cdr^ chim sdc, Iai thu dfldc ldi nhuan ldn, dia td thu v l cao nen hinh thfle t i canh d i thu hut duge sfl ehu y v i i p dung eua nhieu d e n ehu.
D d song cua eae ta d i n he't sflc cflc k h i , dii rang theo sfl nhin n h i n cua chinh quyen thude dia thi v i n k h i hon d d sing eiia cdng n h i n ndng nghipp. Hp thilu t h i n du moi thfl ea nhiing d e u kipn v i t chi't lan nhijfng d i u kipn ve d d sd'ng tinh t h i n . Chd d cua hp l i nhflng tflp liu ehe chin tam bg. N d hp l i m viec thfldng la nhufng viing dli nm, d e u kidn v§ sinh, y te' hoan toan khdng dflge dam bao.
C^ till k h i n g dinh, d Bic Ky ndi chung v i Hai Dflong ndi rieng, t i canh van Ii hinh thflc bao triim len khu vflc don d i n du l i cua ngfldi Au hay ngUdi Viet. Hinh thflc sfl dung cdng n h i n i n Iflong chfla k h i n g dinh mpt cich chie chin vi tri cua
50 Nehien cihi Ddng Nam A, sd 9/2015 nunh, chua p h i t trien den mflc du lan i t
cic hinh thflc khic.
Tdm lai, trong cac don d i n eiia d i n ehu ngud Au v i ngfld Vidt, Hi bde Idt phong kien v i n dflpc duy tii (phit canh thu td). Bdn canh dd, ylu to TBCN da xuat hien trong khu vflc d i n d e n (sfl d u i ^ hinh thflc cdng nhan i n IflOng). Dilu nay da gdp phin tao nen nhOIng chimin biln ldn trong kinh t l ndng nghipp d Hai DflOng.
4. T i n h h i n h s a n xulft b c a c d o n d i e n Giai doan 1919 -1945, eic d i n d i n cua d i n chu ngudi Phap v i ngUd V d t d Hai Dflong tie'p tuc t i p trung v i o hai hoat ddng ehinh l i trdng trot v i chin nudi. Cd eau eiy trong v i vat nudi giai doan n i y khdng miy thay doi so v d g i d doan trfldc, cho din khi h$ thong d i n d e n k i t thue vio gifla the ky XX.
a) Trdng trgt
Trong trong trgt, vi$c tiong trot dflpc thflc hidn theo hai hfldng chinh l i : p h i t trien nhflng loai cay trong ed nang suat eao nhfl chi, ca phd... v i duy tri nhijfng loai ciy truyen thong ciia ngfldi V § t nhfl lua, ngd, khoai lang. Nhufng loai cay trdng nay dflpe t r i n g dfld hinh thflc chuyen
canh hoic dfldc trong xen ke dfld hinh thflc da canh.
- Chuyin canh: C i c don d i n chuydn canh d H i i Duong t i p t n m g trong liia, m | t loai ciy trong truyen thd'ng cua ngfld Vipt Theo thong kd ciia n h i nghien eflu Ta Thi Thuy, d Hai Dflong ed 4 d i n d e n chuydn canh lua dflge thiet l i p theo quy e h l nhugng di't chung tfl 1919 d i n 1945, xem bang 1.
Thong ke trdn eho thay, eic don d e n chuydn canh lua cua cie d i n ehu ngfldi V e t cd quy md ldn hon so v d nhfltig don d e n thupc loai n i y eua cac d e n chu ngfldi Phip, Dilu n i y k h i c biet so v d mot so tinh d Bic Ky nhfl Bac Giang, Thii Nguyen, Ydn B d .
- Da canh: Sau chiln tianh the' g i d thfl nhi't (1914 - 1918), tilng trpt theo hUdng da canh n g i y c i n g p h i t trien, nhat l i sau cude khung hoang kinh td' t h i g i d 1929 - 1933, khi m i cie d i n d e n chuyen eanh nhfl lua, e i phd, ehe bi t i c dpng manh do gia c i eac san pham dd bi ha trdn thi trfldng thd' gid, g i d thUe dan nhanh chdng rut ra k i t l u i n l i phai chuyen dli cd ciu cay trong tfl chuyen eanh mdt thfl ciy d^c nhat sang da canh gifla nhieu thfl ciy
B a n g 1: C a c d o n d i e n c h u y g n c a n h l u a d t f ^ c t h i e t l $ p t h e o q u y c h i n h t f d n g dfi't c h u n g d H a i Dtfdng tiX 1919 d i ' u 1945
D i l n c h u P h a p S5
dien chu 2
as
don diln 2
Di^n tich (ha) 309,1600
D i l n c h u V i $ t sa' diln
chu 2
SS don d i l n 2
Di$n tich (ha) 322,7400
T o n g c $ n g SS
d i l n chu 4
So don d i l n 4
Di$n tich (ha) 631,9000 NguSn: [II, tr.29Bl
Chu Thj Thu Thuy - Kinh tg dSn dien Hai Duang giai doan 1919 - 1945 51 B a n g 2 ; C a c d o n d i ^ n d a c a n h c i i a ngtfcfi A u d H a i Di^tfng n a m 1937
T T 1
2
3 4
D d n d i e n Barbiaux
Barbiaux
Lapicque Barbiaux
D i a d i e m
B i c Ngi v i Trai Quan, huyen Chi Linh
Trai Gao v i Ddng Chiu, huyen Chi Linh Huyen Ddng Trieu Bai Thao, Cd Manh, Trai Chin, huyen Chi Linh
D i ^ n U c h t r o n g t r p t
95 ha tiong liia; 2,5 ha c i phe; 1,0 ha chi; 30 ha tilng tiau trong n i m 1937;
200 ha se tiong tiau tiong thdi h a n 3 n i m
99 ha tilng lua; 9 ha tilng ti^u nam 1937; 40 ha se trong tilu tiong thdi h a n 3 n a m
39 ha t r i n g liia; 5 ha trong ehe 324 ha tilng lua; 1 ha trong t r i u nam 1937; 100 ha s6 trong tiau trong thdi h a n 3 n i m
Nguon: 19]
trong khac nhau de t r a n h nii ro khi cd sfl biln ddng dd'i v d mdt Ioai s i n pham don d i n n i o do. Tai mpt so don d e n cu, sfl chuyen doi n i y the hien k h i ro. Tfl mdt loai ciy trong la liia, c i phe, gid day, cic d e n chti da t r i n g thdm ngd, khoai.. O Hai DflOng, tinh hinh d e n ra cung nhfl viy.
Bio cio v l hoat dpng cua cic don d e n d Hai Dfldng n i m 1937 da cho ta t h i y rd hipn tUdng n i y , xem bang 2.
Nhtf v i y , vdi sfl hinh t h a n h cie vung chuyen canh v i da canh eiy trong, t r o i ^ d6, m hudng da canh l i chu y l u da gdp phan bie'n H i i Dtfdng t h i n h n d da dang v l cd ca'u cay trong, dong t h d p h i vd the d | c eanh lua trong cd ca'u c i y t r i n g ndng nghipp n d diy.
- Nhiing cdy trdng chinh: Phin Idn di$n tich trong cic d i n d i n eua H i i DiAftig t r i n g lua. Ngoii ra cdn t r i n g nhOtag ciy k h i c nhtf ngd, e i phd, trau, chd, khoai lang,... vdi di$n tich khdng d i n g k l so v d cfty Ilia, xem bang 3.
-(- Lua: Liia l i cay trong ban dia dflpc cae d i n chu ngfld P h i p va ngfld V d t ua chudng, VI mang lai nhieu lpi n h u i n do dflge k h d t h i c chu yeii bang ehe' dp t i canh. Do dd, d Hal Dflong, eiing nhfl nhilu tinh thupc khu vtfc dong bang k h i e d Bae Ky, lua ludn ludn l i ciy t r i n g ehinh tai cae d i n dien tfl ^ l i khu vtfc n i y dUde hinh thanh cho den khi ket thuc, tfle l i tif cuoi the ky XDC eho d i n gifla t h i ky XX.
Hai DflOng noi tieng v d cic don d i n trong lua cua Riehl (bin cho Nguyen Kim Lin) v i d i n d i n m d dflge ei'p nhflgng cua cic d i n ehii niy. D i n d i n M. Saury Savery d Lo Son, Kinh Mdn cd d p n tich 10,14 ha chuyen tron^ lua.
TMy nhidn, viec trong lua chi dem lai lgi ich cho cic d i n ehu, chfl chluig dem lai mpt chut lgi ich n i o cho vide khai t h i c thupc dia, cung nhfl cii thien phflong thflc canh t i c cho xuf sd niy".
•¥ Cd phi: Do khi hau v i t h i nhUSng d Hai DiAmg khdng phb hgp l i m v d srf p h i t
r^
- ^ T , .52 Nnhien ciiu Dong Nam A, so 9/2015
B a n g 3: Di$ n tich c a c l o a i cay t r o n g t r o n g c a c d o n d i e n of H a i Diicftig t r o n g n h i i n g n a m 1931 • 1940
Nam
1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1939 1940
So don dien 13 13 16 17 17 17 17 17 17
TSng di#n tich (ha)
5.718,86 6.718,00 6.012,60 6.021,00 6.030,00 6.296,88 6.296,88 6.296,88 6.296,88
Cay t r o n g Liia 1.570,50 1.600,00 1.635,00 1.584,00 1.575 1.601,16 1.068,00 1.681,50 1.372,16
Ng6
3,00 6,00 13,66 7,00
Ca ph§
109,5 120 110 110 58 3,60 4,50 4,60 3,50
Che 6
Khoai l a n g 1
San 6
Mia 3
Triu
15 60,00
6 6 6 4,00 3,00 3,00 3,00
1 3
1 1 1
2,00 3,00 1,00 5,00
.
9,00 2,00 3,00 14,6 7,00
1,00 3,00
.
5,00 16 15 10 384,0 44,00 384,0
triin eiia ciy e i phe nen d d n tich tiong c i phe d Hai Dflong khdng nhilu so v d cie tinh khie d Bic Ky. d Hai Dflong, c i phe dflge tring ehu yeu d huydn Ddng Trilu.
b) Chdn nudi
Sau chiln tianh the g i d thfl h d , chin nudi tilp tuc ton tai v i dugc md rdng theo sfl gia t i n g cua cie d i n d i n . Muc d e h chinh eua vide chin nudi van dflge khang dinh l i phuc vu eho nhu cau eua t r i n g trpt.
Su k i t hgp gifla trong trpt vdi c h i n nudi p h i t t r i i n da gdp phan khai t h i e tiiet d l tiim n i n g d i t dai. Dong thdi bfldc diu lam ehuyen bien t i p quan canh t i e phfin t i n , chan nudi nhd le cua kinh te tieu ndng Hai Duong.
Tfl ehl chin nuol chi n h i m mot mue deh l i phuc vu eho trong trot, eie d i n chii
NguSn: [2]; [3]; [4]; [5]; [6]; [71; [8]
da tid'n dan sang viee c h i n nudi de b i n cho cie 16 mo. Vide mua ban dan gia siie ldn tfl vung n i y sang vung khac da trd nen pho biln. Nam 1926, Hai Duong da t h i n h lip eie chg ban gia sue d Ke Sat, Nam Sieh, Gia LOe, Ninh Giang, Thanh Mien, Tfl Ky theo Nghi dinh t h i n h lap ngay 20/3/1926 [1, ti.8].
Mae du nhu:ng d i u kien chan nudi 6 g i d doan n i y da dflge cai thidn chut it so v d giai doan trfldc nhflng chfla tao ra m^t sU thay d l i can ban. Chan nudi v i n chua trd t h a n h mgt nganh doe lip, cdn phu thudc vao sfl may rui cua thien tai, dich bdnh. Thflc an cho gia sue v i n chi i i nhiJlig bai ed tfl nhien l i nhufng p h i n di't khd trong tipt dtfgc cic d i n chu chfla ra trdn don d e n . Trinh dp phdng chd'ng dich benh cho gia siic v i n tiong tinh tiang rat kdm
Chu Thf Thu Thuy - Kinh tedon diin Hdi Duang giai dogn 1919 - 1945 53 cdi. Do dd, gia sue dfldc nudi nhilu nhung
bi c h i t vi dich b$nh khdng p h i i l i it.
5. KcTt Iu4in
Kinh te d i n d i n tinh Hai Dfldng giai doan 1919 - 1945 cd nhflng chuyen bien sau sic so v d g i d doan trfldc vdi sfl xuat hidn eiia cic d e n chu ngUd V d t , d i e biet l i sfl phat trien cua ye'u to TBCN trong khu vflc n i y .
Cie d e n chii da dfla vio khu vtfc don d i n nhtftig ylu to m d eiia m | t n l n san xuat hi^n dai mang tinh TBCN, cu t h i d i tao ra nhiing vung ndng nghidp thflong p h i m Id^ tajfc l i nhOCng vung trong cay m d , sinh lgi eao nhtf c i phe, chd... dflpc thi trfldng fla ehuOng. Dong t h d , mOt n g i n h chan nudi dai gia sue tidn quy md ldn d i dflpe tiln h i n h d l cung ci^p sflc kdo v i phan bdn eho t r i n g tigt; ben canh dd, trong chifng mflc nhait dinh cdn eung c i p cho thi trtfdng cic san p h i m v i t nudi v l thit, sfla..
Nhfl viy, sfl p h i t tiien eiia kinh te' don d i n l i mpt d i m n i i b i t trong biiC tranh kinh td' nong nghipp tinh H i i Dflong tfl sau chid'n t r a n h t h i g i d thfl nhi't d i n Cich mang t h i n g T i m n i m 1945. Sfl du n h i p phuong thflc san xuit TBCN trong khu vflc kinh t l d i n d e n da l i m kinh td' nong nghipp cua tinh Hai Dflong p h i t triin theo hfldng kinh t l h i n g hda, gop phan p h i v3 tinh ehfi't tfl cung ttf cap, khep kin cua kinh t l ndng nghidp truyin thd'ng, Luc n i y , ndng san da trd t h i n h h i n g hda tidu thu rpng r i i tren thi trtfdng; dong t h d t i c ddng ldn d i n co cau xa h | i tinh Hai Dfldng v d stf hinh t h i n h v i p h i t tiiln eua d | i ngii cong n h a n nong nghiepy.
TAI LrilU THAM KHAO
1. Ouverture des marehds de bestiaux de: Hai Duong, Ifesat, Ninh Giang, Thanh Mien, Tu Ky de la province de Hai Duong, Fonds de la Rdsident superieure au Tonkin (RST), Trung t i m Luu trfl Quic gia I, Hi so s l 78301.
2. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annde 1931, Fonds RST, Trung tim Luu trfl Quic gia I, Ho so so 74211.
3. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annde 1933, Fonds RST, Trung tim Luu trfl Quic gia I, Hi sO s l 74212.
4. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annde 1934, Fonds RST, Trung tim Luu trfl QuIe gia I, Hi so so 74213.
5. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annde 1936, Fonds RST, Tnmg t i m Luu trfl Quic gia I, Hi so s l 74217.
6. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annde 1938, Fonds RST, Tnmg t i m Luu trfl Quic gia I, Hd so s l 74218.
7. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'annie 1939, Fonds RST, Trung t i m Luu trfl Qud'c gia I, Hi sO s l 74219.
8. Rapports deonomiques de la province de Hai Duong de I'aimde 1940, Fonds RST,
** Trung tam LUu triJ QuIe gia I, Hi so s l 74220.
9. Renseignement sur les concessions Europdens dans la province de Hjii Duong.
1937, Fonds RST, Trung t i m Luu trfl Quic gia I, Ho so s l 68354.
10. Trin Vu Tii (2007), Nhflng ehuyin biln trong kinh t l ndng nghipp Bic Tmng K^
tif 1884 din 1945, Luin i n Tiln si Lich sfl, H i NOi.
11. Ta Thi Thiiy (2001), Vide nhugng dit, khin hoang d Bic Ky tif 1919 din 1945, NXB T h i gid. H i Npi.
