KHOA HQC KY THUAT T H O Y TAP XIX S6 6 - 2012
THANH PHAN LOAI KI£N - KY CHA TRUNG GIAN CUA SAN DAY
RAILHETINA SPP. Kf SINH A GA T H A VI/dN TAI T I N H T H A I N G U Y £ NNguyin Thi f^i*** ^o"- Nguyin Thi NR^**y Nguyin Diec Trir&ng vd Trfnh Thj Quy Trudng dgi hgc Ndng Ldm Thdi Nguyin
T6M TAT
Cd 5 lodi kiln la ky chu trung gian ciia sdn ddy Raillietina spp. ky sinh a gd tha vudn nudi tgi tinh Thdi Nguydn dd dugc xdc djnh. bao gAm: Pheidologeton diversus. Tetramorium caespiium.
Camponotus nicobarensis. Camponotus treubi. Anoplolepis gracilipes. Cac lodi ndy diu thudc hp kien Formicidae.
Tin suit xuit hiv'n ciia cdc lodi kiln tren tgi cdc vdng sinh thdi dao dgng hi 66,67% din 100%.
Trong t6ng so 144 ddn kiln cd 127 ddn quan sdt dugc Id dd tha d6t sdn day tir phdn gd ve td. chilm 88.19%. Hdng ngdy kiln hogt dgng lim kilm thirc dn nhilu nhdt trong khodng thdi gian lir 7 den 10 gid sdng (78.47%). Ty 1$ kiln mang lu triing cysticercoid Id 40.83%. Trong vy hd - thu, kiln ho?t dgng vd tha dot san day nhidu hen vy ddng - xuan.
Tif khoa: Kidn. Sdn ddy, Au triing, Gd thd vudn. Tinh Thdi Nguydn.
The ant species - Intermediate hosts of tapeworm Raillietina spp found in backyard chickens in Thai Nguyen province
Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Nguyen Thi Ngan, Nguyen Due Truong and Trinh Thi Quy
SUMIVIARY
5 ant species known as intermediate hosts of tapeworm Ratlltettna spp were found in backyard chickens in Thai Nguyen province, namely Pheidologeton diversus. Tetramorium caespitum, Camponotus nicobarensis, Camponotus treubi. Anoplolepis gracilipes. These species belongs to Form/c/dae family.
Appearance frequency of the above five ant species in the ecological areas fluctuated from 66.67% to 100%. Out of 144 ant colonies, there were 127 colonies found to carry proglottis in chicken feces to their nests. The ants were more active in finding food in between 7 am -10 am dally (78.47%). The ratio of ants carrying cysticercoid larvae was 40.83%. The activity and carry of proglottis of ants in Summer - Autumn season were more than in Winter - Spring season
Key ivofc/s; Ant, Tapeworm, Cysticercoid, Backyard chickens, Thai Nguyen province.
I . D A T VAN D E cho thdy: ga chu ydu dugc nudi theo phucmg T- u-^ X •• ^- , , -• , - thiicchdn tha ty do, chilm 79,34% (>Jguydn Thj Trong nh&ng ndm gan day, chdn nuoi gd a T. • ., • ^nt^^ ^i.- •• \ M^-
•TK'M • L-.. - ll.- L L- • ^ • Thuy My \ a cs, 2011). Khac voi phucmg thirc Thai Nguyen phat tnen kha manh, chu yeu la ga -• u-\ • -• ,i,' - • i , - ui ,, . . . Li. 1 1 • . . . nuoi nhot, ga nuoi tha vuon co nhieu ca w tha vuon VI chat lugng th}t cao, thom, ngon phu . - i ,,- u *x u~*i- - L- L . - • i. ^-^^
u ••.!. . . i . .- .. .. , , ; . r.i nhiem b?nh, ddc bi?t la cac benh ky sinh hung hgpvcnth!hieucuangumtieudung.Ketquadieu . . ... . . . . , - u - i . • J - I'l.w . , • c 3 u. -r- • LA L L-'T-LXV, - duang tieu hoa, trong do CO benh san day. Khi ky tra tai 5 xd phia Tay cua thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen . . f ; »•- u • • .i- u - ^ *.ir
^ •' ^' & •' sinh U-ong ong tieu hoa, san day chiem doat cac
KHOA HOC KY THUAT T H O Y TAP XIX S(5 6 - 2012
chdt dinh dudng cua gd, ldm gd gay yiu, thidu mau, nidm mgc vdng, nhgt nhgt (Phgm SJ Ldng va Phan Dich Lan, 2002, Nguyen Thj Ngdn vd Nguydn Thi Kim Lan, 2011).
Cdc tac gid trong vd ngodi nudc diu cho rdng: kiln Id mgt trong nhfing ky chii trung gian cua san day gd, tuy nhidn cho ddn nay vin chua CO cdng trinh nghien ciiu ndo vd thdnh phan lodi kidn la ky chii trung gian ciia san ddy gd d tinh Thai Nguyen va cdc tinh khdc. Trong 2 ndm (2009 - 2010), chiing tdi dd thu thgp cdc mau kiln d khu vyc chuong nudi va vudn chdn thd ga tai cdc viing sinh thdi cua tinh Thdi Nguyen, xet nghi?m tim du tning cysticercoid, dinh danh loai kiln tai Vi?n bdo tdng thien nhidn Vi^t Nam.
II. NQI DUNG, VAT LIEU VA PHU'DNG P H A P NGHIEN CUtJ 2.2. Ngi dung nghien cuu
- Thanh phdn loai kiln - ky chii trung gian ciia san day Raillietina spp.
- Ty Ie nhidm cysticercoid cua cac lodi kidn.
- Ddc diem hoat dgng ciia kien - ky chu trung gian ciia san ddy Raillietina spp theo miia.
- Thdi gian hodn thdnh giai dogn cysticercoid trong kien.
I.l. Vat lieu
- Cdc mau kien thu thdp d trong va xung luanh chudng nudi, bdi chan tha ga.
- Cdc dot sdn ddy gd (thu th$p tir phdn gd mdi thai vd rudt gd thd vudn).
2.3. Phuomg phdp nghien ciru
- Thu thgp cdc mau kiln cd trong khu vyc chudng nudi vd vudn chdn thd gd, quy djnh moi mau cd 15 - 20 cd thi kiln/ddn. Nghidn tung cd the kicn trong mau trdn phien kinh vdi 1 gigt dung djch glycerin 5%, ggt bd xdc kiln, soi dudi kinh hien vi tim du triing cysticercoid trdn tidu bdn. Dem so au triing cysticercoid (nlu cd).
- Xdc djnh cac lodi kien nhiem du triing cysiicecoid (ky chu trung gian ciia san day Raillietina spp.) vd djnh danh tgi Vi?n bao tdng thien nhidn Vidt Nam. Su dyng khod phan logi cua Bolton B. (1997), Terayama M. (2009).
- Theo ddi ddc diem hogt dgng cua kien - ky chii trung gian theo miia vy: bd tri tgi 5 ndng hg nudi ga thd vudn bj nhidm san day, cd sd lugng tir 30 - 50 ga/hg. Theo doi ddc diem hoat dgng cua kidn (d khu vyc vudn vd chudng gd): sd ddn kien xuat hi?n, thdi gian kiln hoat dgng trong ngay d cac miia trong ndm, ty le dan kidn an ddt san day trong phan gd (cii each 15 ngay lgi theo ddi lidn tyc trong 1 ngdy, theo ddi trong cac miia: Xuan, He, Thu, Ddng nam 2010).
HI. KET QUA NGHIEN CU U 3.L Thanh phan lodi kien - ky chii trung gian cua sdn day Raillietina spp.
BSng 1. Cac loai kien - ky chii trung gian cOa san day Raillietina spp.
6 cac viing sinh thai ciia tinh Thai Nguy§n
1 2 3
Loai kien
Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith. 1857) Camponotus nicobarensis
(Mayr, 1865) Camponotus treubi
(Forel, 1910)
Phan bd d cac viing sinh thai Vung nui
Dmh
+ +
Vo Niiai
+•
+
Trung du D^i
Td +
Ddng
+ +
Ddng b^ng PhO Binti
+ P/io Yen
+
Tan sud't xuat hi^n
(%)
4/6 (66,67)
5/6 (83,33)
4/6 (66,67)
KHOA HQC K? THUAT THO Y TAP XIX S6 6-2012
TT
4 5
LotI kUTn
Pheidologeton diversus (Jordon, 1851) TetrBmonum caespiium
(WhBBlBt, 1910) Tting loii kl(n ph«t hl«n
Phfln btf d cdc viing sinh thfll Viing niil
Djnh Hoi
+ +
Vi Nhai
*
4
Trung du
Td + + 3
D6ng Hy
*
+ 4
D6ng bing Phu Blnh
*
*
5 PhS Yin + + 4
Tin suit xuft hl(n
(%)
6/6 (100)
6/6 (1001
Ghi elm: MJ (V>phdlhi4nthay(-): Khdng phdt hi('n thay
Qua bdng 1 cho th^y: cd 5 lodi kiln Id ky chii tning gian cua sdn dfiy Raillietina spp. ky sinh d gd thd vmrii nudi lgi iinh Thdi Nguydn, dd Id cdc lodi: .tnnplokpis gracilipes. Camponotus nicobarensis. idrnponoius treubi, Pheidologe- ton diversus. Tetramorium caespiium. Cac lodi ndy diu thugc hg kidn Formicidae. Day Id 5 lodi kidn - ky chii tnmg gian cua mgt sd lodi sdn day gidng Raillietina spp. ky sinh d gd, ddng vai tro quan trgng de chu ky sinh hgc ciia sdn ddy Raillietina spp. dugc hodn thi?n, tir dd ldm tdng ty Id nhiem san day d ga tha vudn.
Tir kdt qua tren, chiing toi thdy 2 lodi Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon, 1851) \a Tetramorium caespiium (Wheeler, 1910) xudt hi?n d tdt ca cdc dja phucmg nghidn cim (tdn sudt xudt hi?n la ]W)'\,) Cdc loai khdc tdn sual xudt hi?n tu 66,67 - 83,33%.
Theo Bolton B. (1997), Terayama M.
(2009), cdc lodi kiln nhu: PheidologeUm diversus. Tetramorium caespitum, Camponotas nicobarensis. Camponotus treubi phdn bo nhieu d viing dm nui cd dd dm cao. Kidn PheidologOon diversus. Tetramorium caespitum cung thudng ldm td 0 xung quanh chudng nudi gia sue, gia cam, ludi ihg ciia chiing cd the den 5 ndm (Holldobler B. \a Wilson E., 1994). Nhu vay, mgt the hd kien cd thi nhiem au trimg sdn day nhidu lan vd cd khd ndng ldm cho nhidu thi bfgi bj nhiem sdn day Raillietina spp. D6 ciing Id moi trong nhihig nguydn nhan ldm cho ty 1$ nhiem san ddy d gd cao.
3.2. Ty 1^ nhiem cysticercoid cua cdc lodi kien dd phdt hifn
Bdng 2. Ty 1$ mlu kl^n mang fi'u triing cysticercoid trong cd th^
T T
1 2 3 4 5
Lojil kljfn Anoplolepis gracilipes
(Smith, 1857) Camponotus nicobarensis
(Mayr, 1865) Camponotus treubi
(Forel, 1910) Pheidologeton diversus
(Jerdon, 1851) Tetramorium caespitum
(Wheeler, 1910) Tfnh Chung
S6' kie;n/
m l u (con) 5 5 5 5 5
SO' m l u klfi'm tra
24 24 24 24 24 120
Sd m l u cd Cysticercoid
7 10
e
13 11 49
T y l «
(%)
29.17 41.67 33,33 54,17 45.83 40,83
SS Cysticercold/mlu
(X ± m,) 34.18 ±3,09 41.25 ± 3.07 38.37 ±1.03 47.70 ± 2,30 45.60 ± 2,32
KHOA HQC KY THUAT T H O Y TAP XIX sO 6 - 2012
Bang 2 cho thdy, trong 120 mSu kiln xdt nghidm cd 49 mau chiia iu triing cysticercoid, chilm 40,83%. Trong dd:
Lodi Pheidologeton diversus: 13/24 mliu CO au triing cysticercoid, chilm ty 1^ cao nhit 54,17%, cudng dg nhilm trung binh Id 47 cysticereoid/mdu. Logi ndy thudng ldm t6 d cdc gdc cdy myc, trong ddt cd dg dm cao, tAn suit xudt hi?n cao (100%).
Lodi Tetramorium caespitum cd mdi trudng sing phong phii vd da dgng, thudng ldm to xung quanh chudng nudi , ty 1^ nhiem au triing kha cao (45,83%) vdi cudng dg nhiem trung binh la 45 au trimg/ mau.
Lodi Camponotus treubi vd lodi Camponotus nicobarensis cd 33,33% - 41,67% so mlu kilm tra nhiem au triing ; trung binh cd 38 - 41 au
triing/mau. Hai lodi kiln ndy thudng ldm td trong dat, d cdc g6c cdy myc, thudng di kilm dn xa, do dd cd nhilu khd ndng tiip xiic vd nudt tning sdn dfiy.
Lodi Anoplolepis gracilipes cd ty 1§ nhiem 29,17%; trung binh cd 34 4u trCing/ mau. Lodi ndy xu4t hi?n khd pho biln d vudn chdn thd.
Gogoi A. R. vd Chaudhun R. P. (1982) nghidn ciiu lgi An Dd cho bill: kiln Tetramorium tortosum Id ky chu Irung gian cua sdn ddy R.
echinobothrida vd R. telragona. Callaghan M.
G. vd cs (2003) cung dd lim thay cysticercoid cua 5 lodi sdn day Raillietina spp. trong kien Pheidole spp. d trang trai Keith vd Glossop tai midn Nam Australia.
3 J . D$e diem hoat dgng cua kien - ky chii trung gian cua sdn ddy Raillietina spp. theo miia Bdng 3. D$c diem hoat d$ng ciia kien - ky chCi trung gian cija sdn ddy ga
Miia Irong nam
Xuan He Ttiu Donq Tinh chunq
S6 li/cfng va ty le ddn kien hoat dpng
(%)
24 (16.66) 60 (41.67) 54 (37.50) 6(4.17)
144
Thdi gian kljTn hoat ddng trong ngdy 7-10h
Sg din 10 52 50 1 113
TylS 1%) 41.67 86.67 92.59 16,67 78,47
IO-14h Sd din 14 34 42 3 93
Tyle
(%)
58,33 56,67 77,78 50,00 64,58
14-t7h So din 8 48 46 2 104
Tyle
33,33 80,00 85,19 33.33 72,22
S i ddn kien tha dot sdn (dan)
18 56 50 3 127
T * l ^ ddn tha dot sdn
(%)
75.00 93.33 92.59 50.00 88,19
Qua theo doi hoat ddng cua cac ddn kiln frong 4 miia, tgi 5 ndng hg nudi ga tha vudn h\
nhiem san day, trong 24 ngay khdc nhau. Kdt qua cho thdy: Trong miia xuan cd 24 ddn kidn xuat hien d xung quanh khu vuc chdn nudi gd, chiem ty le 16,66% tdng sd dan kien xudt hien ca nam; miia he cd 60 dan, chilm ty le 41,67%;
miia thu cd 54 dan, chiem ty le 37,50%; miia dong CO 6 dan, chiem 4,17%. Su xuat hien cdc dan kien d cac mua cho thay: kiln phdt tridn vd hoat ddng nhieu vao miia he vd thu do didu kien thdi tidt thuan lgi cho su phdt trien va hoat dgng
ciia bay kien. Didu ndy lidn quan den tinh hinh nhiem san day d gd theo miia.
Trong tdng sd 144 dan kidn xuat hien cd 127 dan kien tha ddt san ddy tir phan ga ve td, chiem 88,19%. Tinh chung sd lugng dan kien hoat dgng tim kidm thiic an nhieu nhat hi 7 h - 10 h trong ngdy (78,47%). Khoang thdi gian tir 14 h - 17hvatir l O h - 1 4 h trong ngay so dan kidn hoat dgng ldn lugt Id: 72,22% va 64,58%. Tuy nhien, thdi gian dan kidn hoat dgng trong ngay cdn phu thugc vao miia trong nam (miia Ddng
KHOA HOC KY THUAT T H O Y TAP X1XS(:3 6 - 2012
kiln hogt ddng nhilu vdo bu6i trua, It hogt d^ng vdo bu6i sdng sdm vd chilu lAi).
IV. K ^ T L U A N
- Dd xdc djnh dugc 5 lodi kiln Id k^f chii trung gian cua sdn dfiy Raillietina spp. d gd tgi Thdi Nguydn - Vi^t Nam: Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotus nicobarensis. Camponotus freuhi, Pheidologeton diversus. Tetramorium caespitum. T^n suat xudt liivn 5 lodi trdn tgi cdc vimg smh thdi lir 66,67% - 100%.
Ty l§ kiln mang kw trimg Id 40,83%.
Trong dd, lodi Pheidologeton diversus cd ty l | vd cudng dg nhilm cao nhfii (_'^4.I7% vdi 47 au triing/mau), sau dd den loai Tetramorium caespitum (4.S.S.V'o vdi 45 au (riing/ mau),
- Miia hd - thu kien hogt dgng vd tha dot sdn ddy nhidu hem miia ddng - xudn:
- Trong tdng sd 144 ddn kien xudt hi?n cd 127 ddn kiln tha ddt sdn ddy tir phan gd ve lo.
chidm 88,19%. Kiln boat dgng tim kilm thirc dn nhilu nhdt hi 7 h - 10 h trong ngdy (78,47%). -
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1. Nguyen Thi Thuy My, Trdn Thanh Vdn.
Nguyen Tidn Dat (2011), "Thyc Uang chdn nudi ga tai 5 xd phia Tdy thdnh pho Thai Nguydn", Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cong ngh^, Dai hgc Thdi Nguydn, Tgp 82, sd 6. U. 37 - 43 2. Nguyen Thj Ngan, Nguyen Thj Kim Lan
(2011), "Mgi sd ddc didm b?nh ly, lam sdng
b§nh sdn dfiy d gd thd vudn tgi tinh Thai Nguydn", Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cong ngh?.
Dgi hgc Thdi Nguydn, t$p 85, sd 9(02) - 20Il,tr. 143- 150.
3. Phgm SJ Ldng, Phan Djch U n (2002), B?nh ky sinh triing d gia c4m, Nxb Ndng nghi^
HdNdi.tr 3 5 - 4 3 .
4. Bolton B. (1997). Identification guide to the ant genera of the worid. Harvard Univ. Press.
Cambridge. Mass.. 222 pp.
5. Callaghan M. G.. Davies M. and Andrews R. H. (2003). "Cysticercoid of five species of Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920 (Cestoda;
Davaineidae) in ants, Pheidole sp., from emu farms in Australia", Systematic Parasitology 55. pp. 19-24.
6. Gogoi A. R., Chaudhun R. R (1982),
"Contnbution to the biology of fowl cestodes Raillietina telragona, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina cesticillus".
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. Volume:
52. pp. 246 - 2?3.
1. Ponnudurai G.. Chellappa D. J. (2001),
"Monomorium floricola a newly identified intermediate host for poultry tapewonn Colugnia digonopora", Indian Journal of Poultry' ScieiHc. Volume: 36, Issue: 1, pp.
15- 19.
Nhgn: 20-5-2012 Phdnbion: 5-6-2012
