m
QUAN DIEM VE SU VAN DUNG N H O N G GIA TRI CUA CHU NGHIA MAC - L I N I N VE NHA Nl/6C
• P G S , TS T A O T H I Q U Y E N Vien Nhd nudc vd Phdp ludt.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
* T h S D I E P VAN C H I E N Thanh tra dnh Qudng Ninh
• Tdm tdt: Viec van dung vd phdt trien nhiing gid tri cita chii nghia Mdc - Lenin ve nhd ntidc Id yeu cdu tdt yeu, khdeh quan trong tien trinh ddi mdi d Viet Nam hien nay. NhUng van diing nhii the ndo, theo nguyen tdc ndof Bdi viet phdn tich cdc quan diem can qudn triet trong qud trinh van dting hdo ddm sti van dting dung dan, sdng tao, phit hdp thtic tien xdy dting, hodn thien Nhd nUdcphdp quyen xd hgi chu nghia VietNam hien nay.
• TH khda: chu nghia Mdc - Lenin ve nhd niidc.
I. Kien d|nh coi ly luan cua chu nghta Mac - Lenin ve nha nu&c kieu mdi la kim chi nam trong qua trinh xay dirng va hoan thifn Nha nir^c phap quyen xa hoi chu nghla Vift Nam Tai Dgi hdi dgi bieu toin qudc lan thii XI, Ding ta nhan mgnh: "trong bit ky dieu kien va tinh hudng nao, phii kien tii thuchien dudng Idi vi muc tieu ddimdi, kien dinh va v$n dungsang tao, phat triin chu nghia Mac • Lenin..."^^\ Dieu nay da dupe chiing minh qua thuc tiln 30 nim ddi mdi: "Cdng cuOc doi moi dViet Nam dat dupe nhiing thinh tim to ldn, dinh hudngxi hdi ehii nghia duge giu vimg. Thanh cdng nay bit ngudn tir su kien dinh, van dung sing tao chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh eiia Dang ta trong nhiing dieu kien vi hoan canh ed tinh die thu nhu Viet Nam"'^'.
Ve viee phit trien sing tgo nhiing gii tri ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin, cin tham nhuan quan didm aia C.Mie khi ndi ve hpc thuydt ciia mmh ring, do khdng phai la nhiing giao dieu khd ciing mi li mdt hpc thuyet ma mang bin chat sing tgo va phai dugc phit trien khdng ngimg cimg su phat tiien eiia thue tiln xi hOi. Yeu eiu phit triln nhiing gia tri cua chu nghla Mac - Lenm li tat yeu, khich quan, bdi le: "Hge thuyet Mie - Lenin chi the hien siic sdng tmdng tdn khi dupe phat tridn mdt cich toin dien, hoi vi the gidi ludn bien ddi khong ngiing. Hpc thuydt Mic - Lenm cd lgc hau hay khdng lgc hgu hoin toin phu thuOc vao nhiing ngudi se ke tuc hge thuydt dd"'^'.
Voi quan diem chung ve kien tri van dung, phit tiien sang tgo ehii n ^ a Mie - Lenm ttong edng cugc ddi moi dat nude, eoi chu nghia Mic - Lenin
LYLUANCHINH TRI-So 9/2020
n
NGHIEN C t f u - PHATTRIEN LV L U A Nla kim ehi nam eho mpi hinh dOng nhu viy, viec tiep tuc van dung nhiing gia Di eiia ehii n ^ a Mic - Lenin vl nha nuoc d Viet Nam hien nay cin quin triet day du tinh than quan diem do.
NOi dung cu the gii tri cua chu nghla Mic - Ldnin ve nha nudc bao gdm: quyen lue nhi nudc thuOc ve Nhin din; nha nudc td chiic vi boat ddng theo nguyen tie phip che XHCN; nha nude ed cich thitc td chiic quyln luc va kiem soit quyln luc hpp ly; nha nudc XHCN do Dang Cdng san lanh dgo... can dupe tidp tuc eoi la kun chl nam ttong qui trinh xiy dung va hoan thien Nha nudc phip quyln XHCN Viet Nam hien nay. "Day khdng chi la mdt ttong nhirng gii tri bin vung eua chii nghia Mic - Lenin mi cdn thi hien nhiing phit trien sing tgo cua Hd Chi Minh, die biet la tu tudng ve din ehu va thue hanh din chii ciia Ngudi"''".
Gin 35 nam ddi mai vira qua. Dang va Nha nudc ta da van dung vi phat trien sang tao nhimg gii tri tu tirdng do, di dgt duac nhiing thinh tuu quan ttgng ttong xiy dung Nha nuoc phip quyln XHCN va phit huy din ehu XHCN o nuoc ta. Ding ta di xie djnh: "Dan chu ttd thinh mOt muc tieu ttong he muc tieu cCia ddi mdi, nhi nude phip quyln dit ttong he die tnmg ciia xi hOi xi hOi chu nghla ma chiing ta dang xay dyng. Diy cung li mdt ttong nhung phuang thuc xay dyng ehu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam, la van dl duge ehu ttpng ttong ddi mdi he thdng chinh tii d nudc ta"'^'.
2. V§n d^ng nhirng gia tri ciia chu nghia Miic - Lenin ve nha nirtrc phai bao dam tinh bifn chung, toan difn va dat trong moi quan he vin vifc vSn dung gia trj khac ciia chii nghia Mic - Lenin
Vile tieh ra van dung gii ui ciia chu nghia Mie - Lenin ve timg van dl, tiing nOi dung ehi Ii mgt si; vgn dung giin don, phien dien. Do dd,
vigc van dung nhimg gia tii cua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin vl nha nudc phii bao dam tinh bien chiing, toan dien. Ndi each khae, ehung ta khdng chi thuin tiiy, gjan don van dung nhiing gii tri ciia ehii nghia Mic - Lenm ve nha nude, ma phai gin chat viec vgn dung do vdi van dung quan diem cua chd nghia Mic - Lenin ve eich mang vd sin, vi con dudng di len CNXH, ve dan chii XHCN, ve phap luat, phip che XHCN, vl quyen eon ngudi, quyln cdng dan...
Ching ban, tir luin dilm cdt ldi ciia chii nghia Mic ve "bien nha nude tir ca quan diing tten xa hgi thinh co quan hoin toan phuc timg xa hdi".... Ding ta di khing djiih quyet tam xay dung mOt Nhi nude phip quyln xa hdi chu nghia hogt ddng tten ca sd phip luit vdi mgt nin phip chl dan chii, bao dam quyln con ngudi, quyln cdng dan, bao dim su phit trien tdi da va phat triln toin dien ciia con ngudi'^'.
Van dung nhimg gia tri ciia chu nghia Mic - Lenin vl nha nude phai bao dam ddng bp vdi van dung nhiing gia tri etia chu nghia Mic - Lemn vl thdi ky qui do di len ehu nghia xa hOi, vl sii m$iih eua gjai cap cdng nhan, vl gia tri thing du, ve giii phdng va phit trien con ngudi, vl vin hda, ve mdi trudng smh thii, ve xay dung Ding^^'... Dieu dd ddi hdi su tuong thieh giira van dung ehu nghla Mic - Lenin ttong xiy dung Nha nudc phap quyln XHCN, phat tiien nin kmh td thi tiudng theo dinh hudng XHCN, ttong xay dung vi bao ve Td qudc, xay dung Ding, xiy dung nin dan chii XHCN, xiy dung nen vin hda XHCN, xay dung con ngudi, thuc hien tiln bd va cdng bing xa hpL 3. Vain dung nhirng gia tri ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin ve nha nirdrc phai bao dam phat huy nhirng thanh tiru, dong thM khic phuc nhirng that bai, sai lam cua chii nghTa xa hoi hifn thirc va riit ra nhirng ket luan, bai hoc phil hgfp cho Viet Nam
LVLUAN CHiNH TR!-So9/2020
m
Mudn van dung nhiing gii tri cua ehu nghla Mie - Lenin vl nha nudc 6 Viet Nam mOt each hieu qui, cin nghidn ciiu chi ra nhirng thinh cong eua cie nha nude XHCN tten thi gidi, chi rd nhiing nha nudc dd di van dung dung din nhiing nOi dung ^ trong quan dilm cua eac nha kinh diln Mic - Lenin ve nhi nuoc. Ddng thdi, can ehi ra nhimg su van dung sai lam, giao dilu, chii quan, duy y chi eua eac nha nude do de ed the khic phue.
Trong bai viet "Cich mang Thing Mudi Nga va ehii nghia xi hdi hien thuc: Gia tri Uch sii va y nghia thdi dai", GS, TS Nguydn Xuin Thing khing dinh: "Thanh tuu ndi bit ciia mOt the ky xay dung CNXH la sir ldn manh nhanh ehdng, siic hap din ciia CNXH vi su xuit hien nhilu md hinh XHCN tren the gidi... Nhilu thanh tuu ttong td ehue quin ly xi hOi ciia CNXH di khien cho cic nude tu ban ehii nghia ciing phii thira nhan va hgc tgp. Thi gidi da phit triln binh ding han, edng bing hon. Su lua chpn eon dudng XHCN di tid thanh mOt xu the ldn""'.
Tu cudi till ky XX din nay, hang logt md hinh CNXH thdi ky cai cich, ddi mdi thinh cdng tten thd gidi. Thanh cdng cua eic md hinh neu tten diu cd su van dung va phit triln nhirng gii tri ciia chu nghia Mic - Lenin vl nhi nudc. Trong dd, bii hpc thanh cdng ttong xay dung Nhi nudc phip tri XHCN dgc sic Trung Qudc va Nha nudc dan chii xi hOi o eic nudc Bic Au vi Aixden can dugc van dung ttong xiy dung nhi nudc phip quyln XHCN Vilt Nam hidn nay.
Nhi nuoc 6 cac nudc Bic Au ludn ning dOng tin dung nhiing ca hOi, tiiinh tuu cua khoa hpc cdng nghd, ddng thdi khic phuc cd hieu qua nhiing tie dOng tilu cue cua kuih te thi tmdng.
Md hinh quan ly nhi nudc 6 cac nuoe Bie Au diu dang chuyin sang md hinh "quan tri cdng moi",
" nha nuoc kien tao" phye vu nguoi dan vi doanh
nghiep, xiy dung "chinh phu liem chinh" quan tri tdt cie Unh vuc eua ddi sdng xa hOi; ddi mdi nin din chii phu hgp vdi bdi canh toan cau hda va hOi nhgp qude tl... Nguyln nhin thinh cdng ciia md binh Bie Au do ia xay dung nha nudc kiln tao bing hoin thien the ehe, tang eudng quan Iy phat trien xi hOi vi phit huy din chu.
Diy chinh la nhiing bai hgc quy bau vl van dung nhitng nguyen ly ciia chu nghia Mic - Lenin vl
"bien nha nude tii ca quan dimg tten xa hOi ttd thinh ca quan hoan toan phue timg xi hgi" va
"nhin din tham gia quin ly nhi nudc" mi Viet Nam rat can nghien ciru va hgc tap, tiep thu.
Trung Qudc ciing di cd rat nhilu thinh cdng ttong van dung nhiing gii tri eda ehu nghla Mic - Lenin ve nha nudc, die biet ttong thdi Tdng Bi thu Tap Cgn Binh xiy dung Nha nude phip tti XHCN die sic Trung Qude. "Dudng ldi phip tii xa hOi chii nghla die sic Tnmg Qude li tdn chi xuyen sudt, thanh tuu xay dung phip tri cua Trung Qudc, suy eho cimg, chinh la md ra dudng ldi phip tri xi hdi chii nghla Tnmg Quoc"'*'. Bai hpc vl su kien tii su lanh dao eda Ding Cgng sin da dupe Tdng Bi thu Tip Can Bmh chi rd: "Dieu can bin ttong quin tri dat nudc eua chung ta chinh la su linh dao cua Dang Cgng sin Trung Qude va che dO xa hOi chii nghia"""'.
Trong qui tiinh van dung nhung gia tri cua chu nghia Mae - Lenm ve nha nude d Viet Nam hien nay can ed chu truong van dung diing din, khoa hpc, khach quan, ttinh tinh ttang quan hdu, giao dilu, ehu quan, duy y ehi, sai lim ttong nhin thiic ly lugn vl xay dung nha nude va quin ly xa hdi dan din sai lam ttong md hmh thiet kl, ca che van hanh cua nhi nudc.
Dang COng san Viet Nam hien nay cin ttanh nhiing sai lam ttong nhan tiiirc ly lugn va van dung quan diem ciia eie nhi kinh diln Mic- Lenin ve nha nuoe eua Ding Cdng sin d Lien Xd
LVLUAN CHlNH TRI-So 9/2020
CL
N G H l i N C t f u - P H A T T R i i N LV L U A Nva mdt sd nude Ddng Au. Ching han da khdng tuan thil nhiing nguyen tie td chiic va hogt dOng eua nha nuoc phip quyen XHCN, nen da bien Ding dan tto thinh td chiic chinh tri dOc tdn quyln lire, diing tten phip lugt. Ddng thdi. can khie phuc ein benh hinh thiic vl tinh din chu cua nhi nudc kieu mdi. "Viee hgn che din ehu nhu mOt thu rao can, ban chl sir sang tgo ttong xi hOi, ban che vai ttd cua nhin din ttong giam sit quyen luc, phan bien cac chinh sich xi hOi...
Dd ciing chinh li minh dit tdt cho ehu nghia quan lieu, li mdi trudng thuin Ipi cho suehuyen chl, dOc doan, la cin benh lam eho Dang. Nha nude xa rdi nhin dan, nhan dan mat dan niem tin vao Ding vi Nha nude""".
Song song vdi khic phuc nhirng sai lam ttong nhan thire va vgn dung ndi dung ly luin cua ehii nghia Mic - Lenm ve nhi nudc. Dang COng sin ViOt Nam cin khie phuc nhiing sai lam ve thii dg, phuong phip, cich thiic van dyng nhiing nOi dung ly lugn do. "Sai Iam ttong nhan thiic ly lugn cdn the hien dphuong phip khdng diing khi tiep can vdi chu nghia Mac - Lerun, sir bio thii, hep hdi ttong thii do img xir vdi nhirng gii tii cua vin mmh nhan logi, nhat li nhirng ^ hen quan den CNTB. Die biet, sudge doin. chuyin quyen, mat din chil vi chii nghla ea nhin la nguyen nhan ein ttd, khdng eho phip phat trien he thdng Iy lugn khoa hpe, khich quan, diing din ttong dieu kiln CNXH hien thuc md hinh Xdviet""^'.
4. Van dung nhung gia tri ciia chu nghla Mac - Lenin ve nha nirffc phai bao dam phat tri^n nhirng gia tri do sao cho phii hffp voi thtrc tien phat trien ciia ca sif ha tang xa hoi
Nhung gia tri ciia chii nghia Mic - Lemn ve nha nudc chi ed thi phat huy tic dung vi cd sire Ian toa ttong xa hgi hien dai khi nd dupe phil trien mOt cich toan dien va tuong tiiich vdi thdi dgi Cach mgng cdng nghiep 4.0, toan cau hda \'a hgi
nhgp qudc te hien nay. Bdi ie, "Cic nhi kinh dien eua chii nghia Mac - Lenm la nhiing thien tai, nhung eic dng cung bi quy dinh bdi tiidi dgi. vi viy khdng thi ddi hoi hpc tiiuyet cua cae dng tti ldi thay cho eic the he sau. nhat Ii ddi vdi nhiing van dl chua xuit hien d thoi dai cac dng, hoic tiiuc tiln thai dgi dd chua dit ra""^'. Viec van dung nhiing gii tri cua ehii nghia Mic - Lenin \'e nha nudc, die biet ve vai tix», chuc ning ciia nhi nudc, phuong thiic van hinh, quan ly ciia nhi nude ttong bdi cinh Cich mgng edng nghiep 4.0 phai dupe phat tiien sao eho thich img vdi thdi dai mdi.
CuOc Cich mgng cdng nghiep 4.0 dang dugc hinh tiianh vdi xu hudng phit trien dua tten nen ting ti'ch hpp eao dp cua he thdng ket ndi sd hda - vat Iy - sinh hgc. "Cugc cieh mgng sin xuat mdi nay dugc du doin se tic dpng manh me den mgi qude gia. chinh phu, doanh nghilp vi ngudi din khip toin cau. cung nhu lam thay ddi each chiing ta sdng, lam viec vi sin xuat""'".
Van dung nhimg gii tn cua ehu nghia Mic - Lemn vl nhi nudc 6 Viet Nam trong bdi canh hien nay ddi hoi phai tdn ttpng quy luit khach quan ciia su phat trien kmh te - xa hOi, xuit phit ttr thue tiln ciia Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0, toan ciu hda vi hdi nhip qudc tl hien nay ddi vdi nha nudc. Ddng thdi, cin phai nghien ciru nhiing yeu eau mdi dang dit ra ddi vdi nhi nudc ttong bdi canh hien nay, bao dam sao cho sir van dung nhirng gii tri ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin vl nhi nudc thuc su tuong thieh vi dip iing mOt each hieu qua nhiing yeu ciu vi ddi phd vdi nhirng thach thirc do Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0, toan ciu hda vi hdi nhip qude te dit ra.
Trong xa hdi cdng nghe tiidng tin, edng nghe sd hien nay, Nhi nudc khdng chi mpt ehilu ung dung nhiing tiiinh tuu ciia edng nghe hay ehi mOt chieu chiu su tic dOng. ip lue, tiiich thtrc manh me tir cude Cach mang edng nghiep 4.0
LVLUAN CHlNH TR|-S6 9/2020
m
ma edn cd vai tro, ttich nhiem to ldn ttong viec hogeh dinh chinh sich, phap luat, xay dung vi phit tiien xa hOi cdng nghe thdng tui, xi hpi tii thiic, nin kmh te tri thiic, kmh tl sd. Thuc hien yeu ciu do ehinh la van dung quan dilm ma C.Mie vi Ph Angghen di nhan manh: "Nhi lip phap phii coi minh nhu li nha khoa hpe tu nhien. Ong ta khdng Iam ra phap luit, dng ta khdng phat minh ra chung mi chi neu chung len; dng ta bieu hien nhiing quy luit nOi tai cua nhiing mdi quan he tinh than tiianh nhiing dgo lugt thanh vin co y thiie""^'.
5. Van dyng nhung gia tri cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin ve nha nirffc can tiep thu tinh hoa tri tue ciia nhan loai ve vka de nha nu-vc phii hgp vol boi canh the gidi da thay doi, ly luf n va thuc tien ve nha mrdc ciing da thay ddi
"Hpe thuyet Mic - Linin duge van ddng ttong mdt hi thdng da dgng cua cic ttao luu tu tudng.
Cac nhi sing lap ehii nghia Mic - Lenm khdng bao gid eoi ly luin ciia minh la dOc tdn chin ly, ma ludn ludn dupe cp xit vdi cic quan diem ly luin khic; la mOt qua trinh phit trien, tu vugt qua chinh minh, tten eo sakhoa hge"'^^',
V.I.Ldnin cung da ehi ra mgt edng thiic ve CNXH, ddng thdi la mOt chi dan phuong phip lugn rat quan trpng trong cich tilp nhin cic gii tri eua van minh nhin loai: "Dung ca hai tay ma liy nhirng cii tdt ciia nude ngoii: Chinh quyen xd-viet + ttgt tu d dudng sit Phd + ky thugt va eich td chire eie ta-rdt 6 My + nganh giio due qude dan My etc. etc. ++ = Z(tdng so, tdng ket Igi)
= chii nghia xa hpi""''' D
il) DCSVN: VSn kien Dai hgi dai biiu toan qudc lan l/iiiXJ, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, Ha Ngi, 2011, tt.180.
(2), (3), (13), (16) GS.TS Phimg Huu Phu. GS,TS Le
Hiru Nghla, GS,TS Vu Van Hien. PGS.TS Nguyln Viet Thdng (ddng chu bien): Motsdvin dilyluan - Ehue fi^n ve chu nghia xa hdi va con dudng di len chu nghia xa hgi a Viet Nam qua 30 nam ddi mdi, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2016, tt.l6,21.22,21.
(4), (5), (7) HgiddngLyluanTnmguong, PGS, TST6 Huy Riia, GS, TS Hoang Chi Bao (ddng chii bien):
A/g/iien Cliu chu thuyit phat triin cua VietNam trong thai dai Hd Chi Minh (Sach chuyen khao), Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2017, tt.353,353,347-354.
(6) Nguyln Phu Trgng: Phit huy dan chu, Uip tuc xay dung Nha nuoc phap quyen xa hgi chu nghia cua nhan din, do nhan din, vi nhan din, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Noi. 2011, tt.13-16.
(8) Nguyln Xuan Thing: Cich mang Thing Mudi Nga vi chu nghla xa hgi hien diuc: Gii tri lich su va y nghia thai dai. hcma.vn. ngay 14-12-2017.
(9), (10) Hpc vien Chinh ttj qudc gia Hd Chi Minh:
Tap Can Binh - tu tudng chu nghla xa hoi die sic Trung Qudc thai dai moi - 30 chuyen dl do Ban Tuyen giao Trung uongDang Cgng san Trung Qudc bien soan (Tai heu nghien ciiu Luu hanh npi bg). Ha Ngi, 2016,U.275,274.
(11), (12) GS, TS Ta Ngoc Tan: Nhiing sai lam ve nhan thiic lyluan dan din susup do mo hinh chu nghia xa hgi hien thuc o Lien bang Xd viit.
http://m.tapchikhxh.vass.gov.vn/nhung-sai-lam- ve-nhan-thuc-ly-luan-dan-den-su-sup-do-mo- hinh-chu-nghia-xa-hoi-hien-thuc-o-lien-bang-xo- viet-n50115.httnl, ngay 1-3-2018.
(14) PGS, TS Nguyln Thi Que Anh, PGS, TSNgo Huy Cuong (ddng chu bien): Cach mang cong nghiep lan thii tuva nhOng van de dat ra doi vol cii each phap luat VietNam, Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia, Ha Ngi, 2018, tt.388.
(15) C.Mac va PhAnghen: Toan tap. t.I, Nxb Chfnh tri qudc gia, Ha Ngi, 2002, tt.232.
(17) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.36, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2006, tt.684.
LYLUAN CHlNH TRh So 9/2020
