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CONG CV GHE DEO L O P TREN VA LdP DlTdl DI CHI LUNG LENG NGUYfeN T R U d N G £ ) 6 N G '. 1. V r i 6 1 thi^u Di chl Lung Leng xa Sa Binh, huy^n Sa Th^y, tinh Kon Tum, n^m sdt hit bdc song Krdng Pdkfi, c ^ h thj xa Kon Turn chtmg 20km vk phfa tSy theo dudng chim bay. Di chi \i m$t ddi dat hlnh mai hlia, vdn \i th^m cd song Kr6ng Poko. Phfa bSc di chi \k d3y doi d^t thip, su£m thoii, phia nam \k sdng Krdng Pdkd, hai m$t phfa ddng vh phfa t&y \h hai ddng su6i bat ngu6n tix cic day d6i dk phfa bdc chiy ra sdng. Di chi Lung Leng nSm cdch hgp Itm sdng Krdng Pdkd \h sdng Dakbla khodng Skm v^ phfa h? Iini. Hai bdn sdng Id nhQng ddi doi ddt thdp thoai thodi, nhQng thung lung h?p vdi h^ thdng su6i khd ddy ddc (Bdn dd I). Vd m§t dja tdng, di chi c6 3 Idp co bdn fWin/) I). - Ldp m$t ddy trung binh 0,4m - 0.6m. - Ting vdn hoa: ddy trung binh 0,7m - 0,8m, sdu tii^ 1,2m din 1,4m. Tdng vdn hod ndm dudi Idp ddt mat vd ndm tren Idp ddt bj laterite hod. Day la Idp vdn hod chura vSt tfch cu tni vd md tdng cua cu dan cd d Lung Leng, djc trung cho giai doan Holocene. - Lop ddt laterite: sdu tCr 1,2m - 1,4m trd xudng. Dat mdu vdng loang Id, xen lan nh&ng hat kit vdn mdu den dang ddu mdi. Xen vdo Idp ddt laterite ndy cd mdt Idp cudi sdng, ddy trung binh 0,1m - 0,2m, chiing xudt hi^n d d$ sau khde nhau. Ddng chii:? Id sir cd m§t cua nhQng mdnh tudc vd cdng cy gh6 dgo do con ngudi tao nfin. Dudi Idp cudi van Id Idp ddt laterite. C6 th6 Idp cudi nay Id vet tich nguyin thuy ciia ldng song c6. Ldp laterite phii len. ' TS. Vi6n Khao cd hpc. \, '. J. "} \\ f. •«». I rr. ~v (" C ""V \(/(p-. :}LSZJ:. S^KONTU^S'. /. ^^--/. • im. *> OidilLMiiUtq:. — \\. \. f\. • ^ ' - ^. _. ". ". B&n dh I: Vi tri di chl Lung Leng (Nguyin KhSc Sit 2007:45). Khio c4 hoc, sd 112013 ldp cuOi sdng chlnh Id thlm b§c I cd niSn d^i Pleistocene (Nguyin Khde Sii & Trdn Qu;? Thjnh 1999). Hi^n t^i vSn chua xdc djnh d u ^ niSn d^i tuy§t d6i ciia nhthig di v§t Idp laterite. Di chi cd ph?m vi phdn b6 khodng IS.OOOm^ M0t phdn di chf dd bj phd huy do ho?t ddng ddo dai vdng, di^n tfch khai qu§t cdn l^i Id I l.SOOm^ Di chi du(?c khai qu^t hai idn vdo ndm 1999 vd ndm 2001, mdt s6 lugmg ddng k l cdng cy dd gh6 dfio da duri^c tlm thdy trong cd tdng vdn hda vd trong Idp Laterite. Nhfhig di v$t ndy da du(?c gidi thi§u t^ng qudt trong mdt bdi vilt trudc ddy (Nguyin Khde Sii vd Phan Thanh Todn 2005). Bdi vilt ndy mu6n dl c^p chi tilt hem ve bd suu t^p cdng cy ghd dgo Idp laterite thdng qua vi§c so sdnh nhQng cdng cy ghg dSo phdt hi$n trong tdng vdn hda ldp trfin vd idp dudi laterite, nhdm Idm rO cdc d^c dilm tuong d6ng vd khde bi§t cua hai suu t^p ndy, qua dd dua ra cdc IJ gidi cd thi. Bdi vilt sir dyng s l li^u do chinh \ bdn thdn tdc gid do d^c thong kg vdo thdng 9 ndm 2011 t^i Bdo tdng Kon Tum trong djp chinh 1;^ cdc suu t$p thudc dy dn Pleikrdng. Bdi vilt su dgng phuong phdp phdn tfch vd so sdnh djnh lugtig. Cdc mdt phdn tich bao gim loai hlnh, nguy£n li|u, chat li^u, tInh trang, kj' thudt ciing cdc biln s6 vl kich, thudc, s6 nhdt ghd, s6 ldp ghfi, so ria lufli vd s6 dien gh6.. —. - ^ — ^. 2. K i t qud phdn tfch vd so sdnh Cd 394 di vat dd gh6 dgo du<?c do d ^ thdng ke, nhung trong dd cd 23 chiec ky hieu bi md, khdng xdc dinh dugc thudc ldp ndo, cho n6n bj loai bd. Tdng so di vat cdn lai Id 371, trong do di vdt thudc ldp dudi f. yi LOp vflD h o i (ldp laterite) Id 274 (73,85%), di v$t thudc Idp 1 din 8, gpi Id ldp n-en hay tdng vdn hda' ^ „ ^ , . ^-^ ,^ ^,. ^^.^„ ^ Id97(26,I5%)fBartg;;.. ^^. .„. ^^^^^^^^^^.^^. Bang 1. Thong ke di v$t theo l&p khai qu^t Men d^i. Holocene. Pleistocene. Dja tang. Tang van hoa. Lop laterite Tons. L ^ khai qu$t Lijpl Lop 2 Liip3 Ldp 4 Lop 5 LiSp6 Lop 7 Lop 8 Ldp Laterite. S^luvng 1 12 17 19 17 18 9 4' 274 371. % 0.27 3.23 4.58 5.12 4.58 4.85 2.43 1.08 73.85 100. T6ng(%). 97(26.15%). 274 (73.85%) 371 (100%). 2.1. Loft/7iM/j; 0 6 6 nhdm chinh nhu sau ^5dMg2J: - Nhdm cong cy hach hinh thdi Son Vi: bao gdm cdng cy ria ngang, ria dpc, mQi nhpn, rla xiln, hai ria, ria d hai ddu, phdn tu cudi, ba ria, mdng ngya, uniface vd bdn rla. Trong s6 dd, chilm ty 1? Idn. Nguyen TriTdng Bdng - Cdng cu ghe deo Idp tren va 16p dud'i.. nhdt Id cdng cu rla ngang (15%) vd rla dpc (8,6%), mang d$c trung cho nhdm cdng cy ndy. Cdc lo^ii hlnh cdng cu khde diu chilm ty 1^ nhd (ttr 0,5% din gdn 5%).. C6ng cu hach hlnh tMi Son Vi. Cong cu (Cc) hach hinh thai khae Son Vi Tong(%). Cong cii (Cc) manh. T6ilg(%) Hach da. Bang 2. Ciic logl HInIt vd n/rdm iti vfil lieo Hia tsng T6ng(%) Ldp Laterite Tang viin hda 56(15,09) 46 10 20 12 32 (8,63) 8 2 10 (2,70) 12 (3,23) 4 8 17(4,58) 13 4 7 1 8(2,16) 9 (2.43) 7 2 2 2 (0,54) 1 2 (0,54) 1 1 1 (0,27) 2 2 (0,54) 36 (23,84) 151 (100) 115(76,16) Ci: h ^ khong dinh hinh 32 18 50(13,48) Cc hach hinh ban la 1 3(0,81) 2 1 (0,27) Ci: hgdi hinh mui nhpn 1 Cc hach hcn/gan hen 2 6(1,62) 4 Cc hach hinh thang 1 (0,27) 1 1 (0,27) 1 Cc hach gfin b^u dye 1 (0,27) Cc hach gan hanh nhan 1 22 (34,92) 63 (100) 41 (65,08) 70(18,87) 12 Csiuanh khong dmh hinh 58 17(4,58) 11 6 Cc cuoi b6 2 (0,54) 2 Cc manh hinh t:^ 1^ 3 (0,81) Cc manh gSn hen 3 1 (0,27) 1 Cc manh gan bdu due 1 (0,27) 1 Cc manh hlnh mui nhon 94 (100) 75 (79.79) 19 (20.21) 38(10,24) 12 Hach da khong dnh hinh 26 1 1 (0,27) Hach da hen 1 ' 1 (0,27) Hach da gan tron Lo^i hlnh Ria HEang Ria dQc Mui nhpn Ria xien Hai ria Rla a hai dau 1/4cuOi Baria Mong ngua Bon ria Uniface. T6ng(%) Manh tuoc lat cu6i T6na(%) Cu6i, da CO vet ghe T5ng(%). Cuoi CO vet ghe Da cd vh ghe. 12 (30) 28 (70) 1 S (45,45) 6 (54,55) 8 2 1 1 9(75) 3(25). 40 (100) 1 (0,27) 11 (100) 10(2,70) 2 (0,54) 12(100). TingnhlSiii (%). 151 (40,7). 63 (16,98). 94 (25,34). 40 (10,78). 12 (3,24) 371 (100). - Nhdm cong cy hach: bao gdm cdng cy h^ich hinh bdn Id, hinh mui nhpn, hinh chQ nhat/gan hinh cha nhat, hinh thang, gdn hinh bau due, gdn hinh hanh nhdn vd khdng dinh hinh. Trong sd d6, cdng cu hach khdng dinh hinh chilm ty' 1$ cao nhdt (50/63 chile, 13,48% tdng so di vat), Id dai di^n cho nhdm cdng cy ndy. Cac loai hlnh cdng cy khae diu chilm ty 1^ rdt nhd (dudi 1%), trir cdng cu hach hinh chCt nhat (1,6%). - Nhdm cdng cu mdnh, cudi bd: bao gdm cdng cy manh gdn hinh bau due, hinh mQi nhpn, hinh bdn la, gdn hinh chu nhdt, khdng djnh hinh vd cdng cy 1dm tu cudi b l . Trong sd dd, cdng cu manh khdng djnh hinh chilm ty le cao nhdt (70/94 chile, 18,87% t6ng sd di vdt), tilp din Id cdng cy cudi bd (17/94 chile, 4,58% tdng sd di vdt), Id hai loai hlnh ddc trung cho nhdm ndy. Cdc lo^i hinh cdng cu mdnh kHde diu ed ty Ie dudi 1%.. Khda c^ hoc, si 1/2013 - Nhdm hsch d i bao g6m hjch di hinh chll nhjt, hsch di gJn hinh tr6n v4 h?ch di khSng djnh hlnh. Trong d6, hjch di khOng djnh hlnh 14 d?i di«n cho nhdm niy (38/40 chi^c, 10,24% tSng so dt vjt). - NhOm minh niic: bao g6m minh til*c thi vi minh ttnSc lit cu«l, trong d6 tuy«t d?i da s6 li manh uiAc thil (10/11 chile, 2,7% tSng s6 dl vjt). - Nh6m cu«i, di c6 vk ghh: bao g6m cic h6n cu«i vi di c6 vet ghS, trong dd h6n cuOi c* vk ghi li chu d?o (10/12 chile, 2,7% ting s6 di vjt). Bing2choth4y: - Su phong phli cia cic lo?i hlnh c6ng cu trong timg nh6m, nhung moi lo?i hlnh l?i chilm ty l« khi nh6. - Nit nli b5t ciia bO suu tjp niy khOng thuOc nh6m c6ng cu hjch hlnh thii Son Vi, mi thu^c cic nh6m c6ng cu h^ch c6 hlnh thii khic Son Vi, nh6m h?ch di vi nh6m cflng cu minh. TJ I? cua cic nh6m niy tuy th^p trong suu tip, nhung Iji li rit cao khi so sinh chiing vAI cic suu tip di vin hia Son Vi ndi chung 6 phla Bic. - Trong mSi nhdm di v4t, tinh khdng djnh hlnh li rit cao, cic di vjlt khdng djnh hinh chilm ty l§ cao hon hin so vdi cic cdng cy khic trong moi nhdm. - So sinh d^c trung vl lo^i hlnh di v^t (dua vio ty 1? %) cho thiy, khong cd su khic nhau giOa Idp laterite vi tang vin hda. Duy nhit chi khic nhau d nhdm cupi di cd vlt ghi (Bang 3). Bang 3. Tuang quan lofil hinh cong Cfi theo dja lang D$c trung trong tumg nhdm. Nhdm. Cdng cu hach Son Vi Cdng cy (Cc) hach khae Son Vi Cdng cy (Cc) manh. So sdnh ve mdt 1091 hinh d Idp laterite vd tang van hda. Laterite Ria ngang, ria dpc. Tang vdn hda Ria ngang, ria dpc. Tuong d6ng. Cc khdng djnh hinh. Cc khdng dinh hlnh. Tuong dong. Cc manh khong djnh hlnh. Cc manh khdng djnh hinh. Cc cupi bo. Cc cupi bd. Tuong dong. Hgich dd. Hach dd khdng djnh hlnh. H^ch da khdng djnh hinh. Tucmg dong. Mdnh tudc. Manh tudc thii. Manh tudc thii. Tuong dong. Cugi, dd c6 vet ghfe. Cupi CO vet ghe. Khdng cd. Khde nhau. 2.2. Nguyin li^u Cdc cdng cy gh6 dgo dupc Idm tCr hai nguin nguyin li^u Id cudi Idn sdng suoi vd dd kh6i, vdi t>' 1^ nguySn li§u cudi bao gid ciing cao hon nguyen li$u dd. Cd Idp laterite vd tdng vdn hda diu cd nguyin !i^ cu^i vd nguyen li^u dd, vdi ty If nguyfin li§u cudi nhilu hon 2 lan nguyen lipu dd trong moi ldp (Bang 4). R6 rdng, khdng cd sy khde bi$t trong sii dyng nguyen lieu giQa hai ldp. Tuy nhiSn, sii dyng nguyen lieu dd khoi pha dil di che tdc cdng cy Id mpt dilm mdi d Lung Leng so vdi cdc suu t$p Son Vi khde d phfa BSc. Bang 4. NguySn ll^u dd theo dfa tkng Dja t^ng Ldp laterite Tang vin hoa Tong. NguySn liSu Cudi 188(74,90%) 63(25,10) 251 (100%). Tong Dikhdi 82 (76,60%) 25 (23,40) 107 (100%). 270 (75,40%) 88 (24,60) 358 (100%). Nguyin Trirfmg Ddng - Cong cu ghe deo Idp tr6n va Idp dudl... 2.3. Ch&tn$u Cdc lo^i chdt li§u dup'C sii dyng d l chl tdc cdng cy bao g6m cu^i sa th^ch, quartzite, rhyolite, granite, basalt, trdm tich silic, quartz vd qu$ng. Trong dd, chilm ty- 1| Idn nhdt Id chdt li^u quartz (271/370 chile, 73,24%) vd quartzite (65/370 chile, 17,57%). DSy Id hai chdt li$u d$c trung cho di chl vd djc trung cho ngu6n nguyfin li|u noi ddy. T J 1$ dp ddo ciia chdt li^u quartz khdng phdn dnh sy Iya chpn nguy£n li^u ciia ngudi tiln sii md phdn dnh vl sy ph6 biln cua chdt li^u ndy ncri ddy. Cdc chdt li^u khde diu cd tf' If rdt nhd (dudi 3%) (Bang 5). So sdnh chdt lifu gitta Idp laterite vd tdng vdn hda cho thdy, tdt cd cdc lo^i chdt lifu diu cd m$t d cd hai ldp trong dja tdng, trii chdt Ufu basalt Dd quartz va quartzite vln Id hai chdt li?u chii d^o d cd hai ldp, bdt chdp vi§c ty If % dd quartz gidm vd dd quartzite tdng 6 tdng vdn hda so vdi ldp laterite. Cd sy khde bif t nhd Id sy ph6 biln hon ciia chdt lif u dd ddng phun trdo d tdng vdn hda so vdi ldp laterite. Bdng S. Chat lifu dd theo dja tSng Chit lieu Cupi sa thach Quartzite Rhyolite Granite Basalt Tram tich silic Quartz Tone. Ldp laterite (%) 6 (2,20) 38(13,92) 2(0,73) 6(2,20). Ting vin h6a (%) 3 (3,09) 27 (27,84) 1 (1,03) 5(5,15) 3 (3,09) 6 (6,19) 52(53,61) 97 (100). 2(0,73) 219(80,22) 273(100). T6ng(%) 9 (2,43) 65(17.57) 3 (0,81) 11(2,97) 3(0,81) 8(2,16) 271 (73,24) 37 (100). 1. 2.4. rmh trgng Tinh t r ^ g di vdt dupc chia lam 3 tilu chf: nguySn, nguyfin vd phong hda vd gdy ngang. Trong dd, cac di vdt bj phong hda (2/371 chile, 5,93%) vd di vat bj gdy ngang (3/371 chile, 0,8%) chilm ty If khd nhd so vdi tinh tr^ng nguySn vpn. Miic dp phong hda di vdt d tdng vdn hda cao hon d ldp laterite, dilu ndy l^i phdn dnh vifc sir dyng ph6 biln hon chdt lif u dd ddng phun trdo nhu dd ndi. Cdc loai chat iifu dd nguin g6c phun trdo deu bi phong hda vdi tj* if khdng chenh If ch nhau nhieu (Bdng 6 vd 7). Bdng 6. Tinh trgng di v^t theo dfa tdng Ldp laterite (%). Tang vin hda (%). 265 (96.72) 7(2.55) 2 (0.73) 274 (100). Nguyen Nguyen, phong hda Giy ngang Tong. 81(83.51) 15(15.46) 1 (1.03) 97 (100). T5ng(%) 346 (93.26) 22 (5.93) 3(0.81) 371 (100). Bang 7. Tinh trgng di vgt theo chat lifU Cbit li^u Cudi sa thach Quartzite Rhyolite Granite Basalt Tram tich silic Quartz TSng. Nguyen. Nguyen, phong hda. 8 62. 1 2 3 6 3 6. 5 2 269 346. 21. Giy ngang 1. 2 3. Tong 9 65 3 11 3 8 271 370. Khdo c6 hoc, sd 112013 2.S.KSfthu^t Cd 7 cdch thfic t^o nln cdng cy dupc ghi nh§n (Bang 8), bao g6m ghd 1 mjt, gh6 2 mJt, ghf da hudng, ghf tu 2 hudng d6i dif n, ghi xung quanh, ch^t bf vd siil m l do sur dyng. Trong dd, n6i b$t Id ghf da hudng (35%), ghS 1 m^t (34%) vd ghd 2 m$t (23,6%). Cdc hlnh thiic k5^ thu$t khde d i u chilm t^ If nhd. Ndi thfm Id, cdc hlnh thiic ghd dSo diu cd m$t d cdc lo^i hlnh cdng cy, duy chf cd hai hlnh thiic k5^ thu$t gdn vdi lo^i hlnh cdng cy, dd Id ghf xung quanh gdn vdi cdng cy gdn hlnh bdu dye vd cdng cy cuOi b6; cdn eh§t bf gdn vdi cdng cy V* cudi - ddy vln id cdng cy ria dpc bj chjt Idm ddi ho&c bj vd Idm ddi trong qud trinh sii dyng. Ngodi ra, suu t$p cdn cd 17 cdng cy Idm tu cupi b6, cho thdy sy hif n dif n cua kythu^tblcufiddichi. Suu t^p cho thdy sy phong phii trong hudng ghfe vd hinh thiic ghfe dgo dd, nhdt Id ghf hai m$t, ghi da hudng, gh6 tit 2 hudng dli difn. Dilu ndy phdn dnh: thii nhdt, dd nguyin Iifu noi ddy p h i biln cd hlnh ddng gdc canh; th(r hai, nguin nguyfn Iifu bao g i m cd cufi vd dd khii, din din cdch thtic pha chl nguySn Iifu khde nhau, dl Igi mdt sl'Iupng tuong d l i h^ch dd vd cdng ey mdnh hilm thdy trong cdc di chi Son Vi phfa Bdc. So sdnh giiJa Idp laterite vd tdng vdn hda tho thdy, cdc hinh thiie ky thu^t diu cd mdt d ca hai Idp, trir hinh thiic ghS xung quanh chi cd mat d tdng vdn hda. Ty If % cCia cdc hinh thiic ndy deu tuong duong nhau. Ndi chung, khdng cd sy khde nhau v l hinh thirc gh6 dSo gifta hai dja tang ciia di chi.. Tr9ng Itf^ng. Hinh 2. B6 Ihjplian bo cdc gia trj trpng lupng cdng cf ghe dgo idp laterite (vdi cdc miu nho han SOOgr). 2.6. Kich tliir&c. s6 nhdt ghk, lifp ghi, ria lirffi vd dipn ghe Cdc chi so vl gid trj trung binh, dd Ifeh chudn dupc tinh todn cho cde biln trpng lupng (gr), chilu ddi, rdng, ddy (cm), sd nhdt ghfc, sd Idp ghS, sd ria lu&i vd sd difn ghS ciia hai suu tap cdng cy ldp laterite vd tdng vdn hda. Tren co sd dd, ph^p so sdnh gid trj trung binh t-test dupc tien hdnh. Kit qud so sdnh t-test cho tdt cd cdc mlu (bao gom tat cd cdc gid trj) vd cho cdc Hinh 3. Dd thiphSn bS cdc gid trf trpng lupng cdng eg ghi dio ling vdn hda (vdi cdc mdu nhd ban SOOgr) mau nhd hon 800gr (sau khi dd lo^i bd cdc gid trj qud Idn (Far Outliers), ddm bdo tudn thu theo quy tde phdn b l diu (Normal Distribution) trong thdng ke (Hinh 2 vd 3) diu khdng dinh, cdc cdng cy d hai dja tdng tuong ddng v l mdt kfch thudc (trpng lupng, ddi, rdng, ddy), sd ria ludi vd sd difn gh6. Su khde nhau chi dien ta d so nhdt ghS vd sd lop ghS. Cy thi, gid^trj trung binh cua sd nhdt ghi vd s6 Idp ghf cdng cy ldp laterite nhd han hdn so vdi cdng cy ghf dSo d tang vdn hda bfn trSn (Bdng 9 vd 10).. Nguyin T r u d n g Dong - Cdng cu ghe deo ldp tren vd Idp dudi.. Bdng 8. Cdc hlnh thdxghk dSo theo dja tdng Kf thult - Hndmg ghi Ghi 1 mat. Ldp laterite (%) 92 (34,33). Ghe 2 mit. 72 (26,87). Ghi da hudng Ghi 2 hudng ddi di§n Ghe xung quanh Chit b i Sdt me do sit dung Tdng. 86 (32,09) 14 (5,22). Ting vin h i a (%) 31(33,70) 13(14,13). Ting (%) 123(34,17) 85 (23,61). 40 (43,48) 5 (5,43) 2(2,17) 1 (1,09). 1 (0,37) 3(1,12) 268 (100). 126(35) 19(5,28) 2 (0,56) 2 (0,56) 3 (0,83) 360 (100). 92 (100). Bang 9. So sdnh gid trj trung binh theo dia ting cho tdt cd cdc mSu Dja tang Tnjng luong (gr) Dii (cm) Rdng (em) Day(cm) Sd nhit ghe So Idp ghe S6 ria lu&i So dien ghe. Si luvng. Laterite Tingvh Laterite Tingvh Laterite Tingvh Laterite Tingvh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Ting vh. G.trj trung binh. 274 97 274 96 274 97 274 97 265 92 261 91 243 79 260 92. D$Iech chuan. 371,13 359,95 7,98 7,87 7,25 7,59 4,26 4,06 6,23 8,51 1,32 1,63 1,85 1,76 2,03 2,13. 244,47 224,88 2,37 2,57 1,79 2,07 1,50 1,40 3,39 5,79 0,55 0,83 0,87 1,05 0,92 1,03. So sinh gli trj trung binh (t-test cho tat c i cic mau) Trpng lupng (t=.395; df-369;p-.693) Dii (t-.375; df-368;p-.708) Rdng (t=-1.543; df-369;p-.124) Day(t-l.II9; df-369;p-.264) So nhat ghe (t=-4.545; df-355;p-.OO0) Sd ldp ghe (t=-4.006; df-350;p-.0Ol) S6 ria ludi (t=.775; df-320;p=.439) Sd diin ghe (t=-.896; d(ii350;p-.371). khdng khae nhau khdng khic nhau khdng khic nhau khdng khic nhau khae nhau khae nhau khdng khic nhau khdng khae nhau. Bang 19. So sdnh gid trj trung binh theo d'fa tang cho cdc mdu nho han SOOgr Dja t i n g Trpnglupng (gr) Dai (cm) Rdng(cm) Day (cm) So nhat ghe Sd Idp ghe So ria ludi S6 dien ghi. Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tingvh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh Laterite Tang vh. So lugng 259 94 259 93 259 94 259 94 250 89 247 88 230 76 247 89. Gia tri trung hinh 328,90 334,57 7,78 7,67 7,11 7,55 4,07 4,01 6,10 8,42 1,29 1,63 1,84 1,78 2,01 2,15. DO Ifch chuin 168,89 170,47 2,23 2,23 1,72 2,07 1,26 1,38 3,23 5,62 0,51 0,83 0,87 1,07 0,92 1,03. So sanh gia tri trung binh (t-test cho cic m i u <800gr) Trong lirong (t=-.278; df-35l;p-.781) Dai (t=.420; d(i-350;p=.675) Rdng(t--I.983; d|i-351;p-.048) Day (t-.399; d|i351;p-.690) Sd nhat ghe (t=-4.704; df=337;p-.O00) Sd ldp ghe (t--4.434; df^333;p-.O00) Sd ria ludi (t=.549; d|i304;p-.583) Sd dien ghe (t—1.175; df^334;p-.241). khdng khic nhau khdng khic nhau khdng khic nhau khong khic nhau khie nhau khie nhau khdng khic nhau khdng khie nhau. Khdo cd hoc, sd 1/2013 Dilu ndy cho thdy, nguin nguySn Iifu vd hdnh vi chl tdc cdng cy ciia hai cu ddn Id khd tucmg ding, t^io nfn nhttng cdng cy cd kich thudc, s6 ria ludi vd sl difn ghf nhu nhau. Tuy nhiSn, cdn thilt phdi tim hilu thSm t^i sao sy khde nhau Ifii diln ra d s6 nhdt ghS vd ldp ghd. Hon ntta, sy khde bift ndy l^i khdng dnh hudng gl din trpng lupng, chilu ddi, rdng vd ddy cua di v|t, vi theo quy tdc biln d6i gidm ddn thi cudng dd ghfe dSo tdng sS tdc ddng ISn kfch thudc vd hinh ddng di v^t. Cung cdn thilt phdi khdo sdt thfm vl hinh ddng, kfch thudc nguyfn iifu ban ddu diing dl chl tdc di v^t 6 hai ldp vd sy tdc dfng Ifin hdnh vi chl tdc cdng cy cda hai cu ddn vd tlm hilu Iifu cudng dO sii dyng cdng cy cd liln quan nhu thi ndo din tfnh di chuyin kilm dn cua hai cu ddn trong khi ylu tl nguin nguySn Iifu Id sdn cd. 3. Tdm l^i vd thdo lu$n Bdi vilt dd phdn tfch bd suu t?p di v^t dd ghfe dSo di chi Lung Leng thdng qua vifc so sdnh cdc di v$t d ldp laterite vd tdng vdn hda. Vifc so sdnh djnh lupng dd chi ra sy tuong ding vd khde bift gifta nhftng di vft d hai Idp, kit qud nhu sau (Bdng II). - Dilm tuomg ding thi hifn d gdn nhu tdt cd cdc khia c^uih vl I09I hlnh, nguySn Iifu, chdt Iifu, phong hda, tinh tr^ng, ky thu^t vd kfch thudc (gim trpng lupng, ddi, rdng vd ddy). - Dilm khde bift chi ndm d khfa canh s6 nhdt ghS vd sl ldp ghfe, cho thay cudng dp ghS dSo vd Sli dyng nhthig cdng cy Idp trfn cao hon nhOng cdng cy Idp dudi. V§y sy tuong ding vd khde bift gifta suu t^p hai ldp trfn ndi If n dieu ^ ? Cd vdi gia thuylt d§t ra: Bdng 11. So sdnh tong quan suu t^p dd theo dfa tang Tieu chi Lo^i hinh Nguyen Iifu Chdt lieu Phong hda Tinh trang (nguySn vd v5) Ky thuat. Ldp laterite Ria ngang, ria dpc, cdng cy h^ch, manh va h^ch dd khdng dinh hlnh cudi vd dd Quartz va quartzite ed CO. Ghe 1 mdt, gh6 2 mdt, gh^ da hudng Trpng lupng/ Ddi/ Rdng/ Ddy So nhat ghWSo ldp ^ i s l ria ludi/ So difn gh6. Tdng vdn hda Ria ngang, ria dpc, cdng cy h^ch, mdnh va h^ch dd khdng djnh hinh cupi va da Quartz vd quartzite c6 CO. So sdnh Tuong ding Tucmg ddng Tuong ddng Tucmg ding Tuons ddng. Gh6 1 m$t, ghft 2 mdt, Tuong dong ghe da hudng Khdng khde nhau Khae nhau Khdng khae nhau. Cd the ndi, cdc gia thuylt ly gidi vS sy tuong ding vd khde bift nSu trSn diu cd co sd dl tdn tai, nhimg khdng cd gid thuySt ndo vugrt trdi. Chiing ta cd thi thdy, vifc sir dyng cdng cy ghd dSo bin cgnh riu bon mdi trong giai doan Holocene mufn Id rd rdng trong mpt sl di chi thu0c dy dn Pleikrong nhu Sa Nhon, Thon Ndm, DakRei... Bfn cgnh dd, sy xdo trpn dja tang do viSc ddo huyet mp chdn cdt ngudi chit ciia ngudi ldp trSn dn xuIng ldp laterite 1dm cdc cdng cy ghf dSo ldp ndy bdt ISn trln, cflng la mOt thyc te. Tuy nhiSn, sy gidng nhau mdt edeh ddng kinh nggc gifta cdc cong cy hai ldp tren hdu hit tdt cd cdc khia cgnh ciing khiln nguiri ta phdi xem xft thfm m^t sd ylu td nhu kinh tl vd hdnh vi Iya chpn nguyfn Iifu, che tdc vd sii dyng cdng cy cua ngudi idp trfn vd ldp dudi (m§c dinh ngudn nguyfn Iifu Id sdn cd, tai chS). Bdi canh kinh tl hai thdi ky Id khde nhau: trong khi d ldp laterite, cong cy dd gh6 dSo Id chii dgo ben cgnh mpt so ft bdn mdi thi d tdng vdn hda ben trfn, cdng cy dd ghf dSo chi Id m^t lo^i hinh thii ylu chilm ty If rdt nhd trong mpt hf thing di v|t gom vd dd mdi phong phii khde. Sy khde nhau trong. Nguyen Truimg Bdng - Cong cu ghe deo ldp tren va ldp d u d i hai hf thing kinh t l t h i hifn d nguin thiic dn, thdnh phdn thiic dn vd cdch thiic kilm dn. Tuy nhiSn, hai nln kinh te khde nhau dy Igi cd dilm chung Id chl tdc vd sii dyng cdng cy dd ghS d€o vdi sy tuong ding gdn nhu tuyft doi. Dilu ndy chiing td cd sy gilng nhau trong hogt ddng kinh t l ndo dd, hojlc cd mdt s6 d l i tupng chung cdn cd cdng cy dd d l tdc ddng ho$c chl biln. Vd trong khi doi tupng dy Id chii dgo trong thdi kj- sdm thi Igi id thii ylu d thdi k j mufn. Bin cgnh dd, ngodi sy quy djnh chung ciia nguin nguySn iifu tgi ch5 thi hdnh vi Iya chpn nguySn Iifu dd vd chl tdc cdng cy cua cu ddn hai didi ky Id gilng nhau, nhung hdnh vi sit dyng vd thdi logi cdng cy thi khde nhau rS rft. Bdi vilt budc ddu dd Idm rd tfnh chdt vd ddc dilm bf suu t$p cdng cy dd ghS dSo Lung Leng qua vifc so sdnh cdng cy ciia hai ldp trong dja tdng. Vdn dl ddt ra Id edn tilp tyc nghiSn ciiu sau hon vl suu tgp dd Lung Leng nhdm Idm rO t l chiic ky thu§t vd hdnh vi ciia ngudi tiln sii trong vifc iya chpn nguySn Iifu, chl tdc, sit dyng, v§n chuyin vd thdi logi cdng cy dd thdng qua vifc so sdnh vdi cdc di chi Son Vi khde d cdc viing dja ly khde nhau. TAI LlfU DAN BLADES B. S. 2003. End scraper reduction and hunter-gatherer mobility. American Antiquity, 68(1): 141-156. MORROW J. E. 1997. End Scraper Morphology and Use-Life: An Approach for Studying Paleoindian Lithic Technology and Mobility. Lithic Technology, 22: 70-85. NGUYEN KHAC SLT va PHAN THANH TOAN 2005. Nhung cdng cy da gh6 deo va mdi ludi Lung Leng. Khdo CO hpc, s6 5: 45-49. NGUYEN KHAC SlJ" va TRAN QUY THJNH 1999. Bdo cdo khai quat di chi Lung Leng (dQt I. thdng 9-10 ndm J999). Tu Iifu Vifn Khao cd hpc. Ha Npi. NGUYEN KHAC SU'2007. Khdo cdhgc tiin sir Tdy Nguyen. Nxb Gido dye. SHOTT M. J. 1989. Technological Organization in Great Lakes Paleoindian Assemblages. In C. J. Ellis & J. C. Lothrop (Eds.), Eastern Paleoindian Lithic Resource Use, tr. 221-237, Westvicw Press.. STONE CHOPPERS FROM UPPER AND LOWER L A Y E R S OF LUNG L E N G S I T E NGUYgN TRUdNG D C N G The Lung Leng site is located at Sa Binh commune, Sa Thdy district, Kon Tum province. The assemblage of the chipped stone tools collected in the excavations from both layers: the lower layer is composed of laterited soil dated to late Pleistocene; the upper layer contains many ceramics and whetstone from Holocene. The paper refers to the tool characteristics of this site and through the comparative research into the assemblage of the chipped stone tools, the author preliminarily states some basic features of technology and behaviors of the prehistoric inhabitants in materia! selection, production, usage, transport and discarding of the stone tools..