ChAndiingLu$tsu
Ba Ngo Ba Thanh
"Luat su cua I daii tranh" c
^ ^
Trong Iich su hien dai Viet Nam, CO mot nhan vat phu nir duQfc nhilu ngu^ biet tieng voi tgn ggi "Ludt su Ngo Ba Thanh".
Nhimg, trong danh bieu luat sir ciia cdc Doan luat sir d Vif t Nam trudc va sau nam 1975 dSu khong thay co ten ba ma "Ngo Ba Thanh" la ten rieng cua chIng (ong bac si thu y Ngo Ba Thanh), con ten that cua ba la Pham Thj Thanh Vdn'. "Lu|t su- Ngo Ba Thanh" da di vao Hch su khi md dai bo phain xa h$i - tu quan chung nhSn dan den sach bao va ca Nha nude deu g9i ba Dhu- v^y. Trong cuoc ddi dan than cua Lu^t su Ngo Ba Thanh, ba da timg ra toa nhieu lan, nhung khong phai de bi^n ho, bao v^ quyin \qi cho ai, ma ra toa vdi tir each mgt bi can, bi cao ch6ng chinh quyin chi d$ cii a mien Nam trudc ngay 30/4/1975.
XUAT THAN
Bd Ngo Bd Thanh (1931-2004) sinh tai xa Tiing Anh, huyen Due Thp, tinh Hd Tinh. Bd Id con gai ciia bdc sT tbu y Pham Van Huyen, con chIng bd la bdc sT thii y Ngd Ba Thdnh, kit bon nam 1949
Sau khi kit hdn, nam 1951 hai vg chdng Pham Thi Thanb Van - Ngd Bd Thanh dugc cha la bdc sT Pham Van HuyIn cho sang Paris (Phap) du hgc. Ba ghi danh hpc luat, cdn ong Ngd Ba Thdnh tiep tuc theo chuyen nganh thu y.
"Hdnh trinh di den dinh cao ve tri thiic vd nghien cuu khoa hpc ciia ba that gay go, ddng ne. Vira hgc, vira 1dm, vira sinh con, 26 tudi ba da cd 4 con vd do thu khoa Tien sT Luat so sdnh tai Dai hgc Paris (1957) vd dat giai thudng khoa hpc Levy Uliman ddnh cho ngudi hgc gidi nhat, Thanh tich cua ngudi phy nir Viet Nam nhd nhan, thdng minh ndy da 1dm cho nude Phap va cd Chau Au ngac nhien, ne trgng. Ngay cdi nghe muu sinh ddnh may toe ky luc cdn la sinh vien ba cung doat danh hieu "vd dich nude Phdp". Tilp dd, bd din Tay Ban Nha bgc luat va dd xuat sac bang Tien sT Luat tai Dai hpc Barcelona.
Luat su Ngo Ba Thanh (1931 -2004)
Vdi long dam me khoa hoc dii bi chinh quyin ning ep, ba van dau tranh de dugc di hgc va lai do thvi khoa Thac sT Lu§t tai D^i hpc Columbia (My), Sau dd,ba tranh thii gianh dugc xuit hgc tap tai Lien hi^
quIc, Hamma Rjoeld^ mdi bd d lai lam viec cho Ban Lu^t quoc te vi ba Id nii ludt gia Viet Nam diu tien thdng thao ba he thong phap ludt va ba ngoai ngu Anh, Phdp, Tay Ban Nha; nhung ba tii chdi dl nhdn nhi&n vy Gidm die nghiSn ciiu khoa hoc ki6m Giam ddc to chitc ciia trudng Dai hgc Qudc tl tai Pans"^
Nam 1963, baNgoBd Thdnh rcri Phdp vl nude (Sai Gon) vdi mong 'Theo ngudi phuong Tay phu nQ da co chong thi gpi theo ten cua chong.
^ Dag Hammarskjold, ngUdi Thuy Dien, lam Tong thU ky Uen hiep qudc td 10/4/1953 den 18/9/1961.
nranThj Un, LugtsUNgo Ba Thanh - ngudi phu nOquoc te. trong Oy ban Mat trSn To qu6c thanh phd Ho Chl Minh, Nhan sitrith^
Sai Gon - Gia Dmh dong hanb ciing dan tdc. Tap 1, thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh, 2013, trl69.
LOAT SU VI$T NAM| sO 81 TKANG 10-2014
Chftn dung Luftt sir
lan chung
nien Nam
• LS TRUONG THI H 6 A Bd Ngo Bd Thdnh la mpt dienhinh hiem thay trong cdc tdng Idp phu nd Viet Nam, Igi cang hiim thdy trong dgi ngu lugt gia. Bdt cdluc nao, trong moi trvfdng hogt dong nao, ba cung to ra noi trgi, vdi nhieu thdnh qud xuat sac.
udc dugc tham gia vdo cdng cudc dau tranh chung cua ddng bdo d que nhd.
LANH OAO PHONG TRAO DAU TRANH QUAN CHUNG 6 MIEN NAM
Phong trao Phu nir doi quyen song ra doi va phat trien, du-oi su lanh dao cua ba Ngo Ba Thanh, tranh dau ngoai vong phap lu|t
Ngdy 26/7/1970 tai Sdi Gon, 15 doan flie phu nii thudc cdc thdnh phdn xa hpi cung vdi mgt so ca nhan nhan si tri thuc, chinh khdch, cdng tu chiic, lao dgng, thuong gia....da td chiic Dai hpi Phy nu de hgi thdo ve de tai "Noi dau khd cua ngudi phu nii Viet Nam trong cudc sdng hien dai". Ket thiic cugc hgi thdo, Dai hgi da thanh lap mgt td chiic lay ten la Uy ban Phu nir ddi quyin sdng.
NIEN BIEU B A NGO B A THANH ^
1931: - Sinh tai huyen Ddc Thp, tinh Ha TTnh -Ten that: Pham Thi Thanh Van 1949: - Ket hdn ciing ong Ngd Ba Thanh 1951: - Du hpc nydc ngoai
-Tien sT Luat so sanh (Dai hgc Paris - Phap) -, -Tien sJ Luat cdng ty {Dai hgc Barcelona - l a y Ban Nha) ^ -Thac sT Luat (Dai hgc Columbia - My)
- Lam viec tai Dai hgc Qudc te Paris {chiifc vu Giam doc j nghien cdu khoa hpc va Giam doc to chdc). ':
1963: Venydc
Bat dau tham gia chinh tr;
Chu tjch Phong trao Phu ndViet Nam ddi quyen sdng Tich eye hoat ddng chong chinh quyen mien Nam ddi hda binh, thyc thi Hiep djnh Paris 1975-2004: - Dai bleu Qudc hpi khda VI, VII, VIII va X
- Chu nhiem Oy ban Phap luat Quoc hdi khda VIK (1987-1992)
I - Phd Chu tich Hgi Luat gia Viet Nam
' - Uy vien Doan chu tjch Oy ban Trung aong Mat tr^n t Td quoc Viet Nam
i\ - Phd Chii tjch Hoi Lien hiep Phu ndViet Nam.
- Phd ChCi tjch Lien hiep cac hoi khoa hpc - ky thuat 1 ^ Viet Nam
^ 1998: -Danh hieu"Ngadi Phu ndcua nam 1998"
t 2004: - Danh hieu"Ngacrf Phu nijfthien nien ky"
f - Qua ddi vl bi dot quy tai Ha Ndi.
M L , . . - , ^ - ^ ^ , '-^
Ngay 2/8/1970, Ban chap hdnh Tnmg ucmg da ra mat trpng thi tai chiia An Quang gom mgt cd van doan, mgt Chu tich dodn va mdt Thu ky doan. Ba Ngo Bd Thanh, nguyen Chii tich hgi Phu nir Quoc tl lam Cbu tich doan. Ngay 18/10/1970, mdt Dai
hdi bat thudng dugc trieu tap tai Tinh xd Nggc Phuang dl bien cai Uy ban Phu nu ddi quyin sdng thanh Phong trdo Phu nir Viet Nam ddi quyen sdng. Chu truong cua Phong trao Id
"dau tranh dem lai hda binh Viet Nam yen can bdn ton trgng quyin
J^ATSUVltTNAMISOslTHANG 10-2014
CJic dai bieu dit Hdi t h i o Qudc te ve Nghien cdTu tieu sii danh nhan phuc vu Dko tao vct NCKH ( t h i n g 11/2003) vdi ba Ngd Ba Thanh vd GS.TS I r a n Le B i o . Nguon. Blog'Minh Tam
Suot 20 nam co mat tgi Quoc hgif ba Thanh noi
tieng la dgi bieu "hay noi", "not thang" "lam
nong hgi trUcfng",,
dan tpc ty quyet cila nhan dan Vi?t Nam", Sau do, ngdy 5/1/1971, Phong ydo Phy nii Viet Nam ddi quyen song gia nhap Lien hiep Quoc te phy nii y a n h thil hoa binh va ty do, try sd d^t tai Geneve. Tir do, Phong ydo Phu nii Viet Nam ddi quyen sdng Idn manh vd phdt trien khong ngimg, m d rdng cac CO sd dia phuong tren toan q u I c vd d hdi ngoai. Vi Id mdt td chitc dau y a n h bdt hgp phap nen Phong trao da bi chinh quygn mien N a m dat ra ngoai vong phap luat, cu the Id cdc irng cii vien thdnh vien cua Phong trdo bi loai tir v d n g dau, khong d u g c d n g cii vao Qudc hdi (1971), vdi ly do la "trung lap than C p n g " . Cdc thanh vien lanh dao Phong trao bi khung bd, dan ap, bi bat giam, tuddy...
Ba Ngo Ba Thanh lanh dao quan chung d i u tranh
Bd Ng6 Ba Thanh bdt dSu xudt
bien tren chinh trudng Viet Nam td nhiing budi hgp mat cua "phong ftao Hoa b i n h " vdo nhiing nam 1965. Ba thudng cd m a t vdi sy hien di?n ciia cha minh la bdc sT Pham Van Huyen, N h d gidi ngoai ngii nen y o n g nhiing budi hpp bao ba d u g c giao iihi?m vu phien dich tieng Anh, tiing Phdp...
Hoat ddng cua bd trd nen soi noi tir nam 1970, kbi Phong trko Phu nu Viet N a m ddi quyen song ra ddi. Bd thuimg xuyen dung ra to chirc, van ddng cdc lyc l u g n g dodn th6 qudn chiing va tich e y e tham gia nhieu cupc xuong d u d n g bi£u tinh ram rp chdng c h i l n tranh vd chinh quyen N g u y i n Van Thieu d Sdi Gdn va cdc d o thi m i l n N a m . Ba da 5 lan bj bat giam, 4 Idn bi ra tda xet xii.
N g a y 17/8/1971 bd Ngo Bd Thanh bi bdt tai Sai Gdn vdi tgi danh
"hanh h u n g tham p h a n " va bf giam tai nha lao Thu Diic cung vdi han 30
LUAT SU VIET NAM i SlS 81 THANG 10 - 2014
Chan dung Lii$t su nir can pham khde. Ba bi budc tdi
nhan mgt vu rac rdi xdy ra chieu ngdy 22/6/1971, khi ba din ddu cugc bilu tinh trudc san Tda an Gia Dinh ciing mdt nhdm ni su; tinh cd luc do khi rdi Tda an ra ve, dng Chdnb an da bi trugt chan te, bd bi huge trach nhiem ve viec nay*.
Tham gia cudc xudng dudng bieu tinh chdng lien danh Nguyen Van Thieu - Tran Van Huong trung cic dgc dien ngay 3/10/1971 cd sy ket hgp gjiia cdc dan bieu, nghi sT ddi lap, Phong trao Phy nil ddi quyen sdng vdi du cdc nhan vat ndng cdt nhu ba Ngo Ba Thdnh (Cbii tich), Trdn Thi Lan (Tdng tbu ky)... "Nhan vat tri thirc mien Nam gan li, cd sue chiu dyng gan nhu phi thudng trudc su dan dp ciia nhd tu che dp Sdi Gdn trudc nam 1975 thi khdng ai bang ba Ngd Bd Thanh. O tu ba dy van tiep tuc hoat dgng chdng chinh quyen"^.
Ngay 22/3/1972, sau thdi gian tam giam hon 6 thdng, ba Ngo Ba Thanh bi dira ra tda dn quan sy yen chiec bang-ca vdi 3 tdi: phd rdi tri an;
lap hgi bat hop phap va oa tru tai Heu, an pham lam suy yeu y chi tranh dau cua quan ddi^. Ngudi bien hp chinh cho ba la Luat su - Nghi sT Vu Van Mau'. Lan xii nay, sau khi nghi ^n^
Tda quyet dinh tam dinh chi vu an theo yeu cau cua Luat su Vii Van
Mau dai dien cua cac luat str*; nhung bac yeu cau cho ba Thdnh tai ngoai.
Trong giai doan nay, ba Thdnh cd nhieu hinh thiic dau yanh rat dgc dao vd kien cudng. Trudc khi bi bat, bd Thanh da timg dung nhd minh de hgp bdo qudc te, trung bay tai lieu, hinh anh chdng chinh quyen.
Sau ngay Hiep dinh Paris dugc ky kit (27/1/1973), bd Ngd Bd Thanh chinh thuc ty nhdn minh Id "nhan vien nhan sy Thyc the cbinh tri thii ba"^. Tai cugc tiep tan ngay 8/10/1973 "mimg ngay trd ve ddi sdng ty do ciia ba Ngo Bd Thanh", bd da chodng qua ngucri mpt ddi bang xanh then cbii trdng "Thyc the cbinh tri thii ba" va phia sau lung co ghi
"Phong trao Phu nu Viet Nam ddi quyen song"'".
HAI MlTOI CHIN NAM PHUC VU CHE DO CACH MANG SAU 1975 Sau thang lgi miia xuan nam 1975, chinh quyen cdch mang chu truong "hoan thanh nhiem vu" cua tat cd cdc to chuc chinh tri dupe thanh lap dudi che do cii. Do do, Phong ttao Phu nii Viet Nam ddi quyen song da ty gidi the vi nhu ba Ngo Ba Thanh da tuyen bo sau chien tranh nd khong con ly do de ton tai nua",
Trong cugc bau cu Quoc hpi dau
tien ciia nude Cdng hoa Xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam, bd Ngo Ba Thanh dugc gidi thieu ling cu va dac cit vdo QuIc hpi khda VI (1976-1981), tai thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Ba tiep tuc dugc bau vao Quoc hgi khda VII (1981-1987), khoa Vm (1987-1992) va khda X (1997-2002). Rieng d Quoc hdi khda VIII, ba giCt chiic vu Chu nhiem Uy ban Phdp ludt cua QuIc hpi. Khoa LX (1992-1997) ba khong dac cii d thanb phd Hd Chi Minh va khoa XI (2002-2007) ba tbdt cii d Ha Npi. Sudt 20 nam cd mat tai Quoc hpi, ba Thanh ndi tieng la dai bieu "bay noi", "noi thang", "lam ndng hpi trudng",..
Ngoai ra, bd Ngd Bd Thdnh con la thanh vien trong Ban Chap hanh cua Mat ydn To qudc Viet Nam va mdt sd td chiic thanh vien cua Mat tran (nhu:
Uy vien Doan Chii tich Uy ban Mat ydn To quoc Viet Nam, Pho Chu tich Hpi Luat gia Viet Nam, Pho Chu tich Hpi Lien hiep phu nir Viet Nam, Phd Chii tich Lien hiep cac hdi khoa hpc - ky thuat Viet Nam...).
Bd Ngd Ba Thanh Id mdt dien hinh hiem thay yong cac tdng Idp phy nii Viet Nam, lai cang hiem thay yong dpi ngii luat gia. Bat cii luc nao, trong moi trudng boat ddng nao, ba ciing to ra noi trdi, vdi nhieu thdnh qua xuat sac •
^
•Thdng cao ngay 27/9/1971 cua Lien hiep Quoc te Phu nffbaove hoa bmti va tU do, tiong Phu ni^vd sii mgng hoa binh,Tap 1, 5dd,tr, 103B.
' Ly Quy Chung, Hoi ky khong ten, Nxb. Tre, Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, 2004, tr, 225.
* Bai tudng thuat cCia Bao Dien tin ngay 24/3/1972.
'Tdaanmattranquankhu III, phien xd nay do tham phan Ha NhUVinh ngoi ghe chanh an, Thieu ta Nguyen Chi Lac giCr ghe cong t6;cacluatsabaochuag6m:VuVanMau, Bill ChanhThdi, Nguyen Long,Tran Ngoc Lieng, Nguyin KhacTan;va hau het nhan chdng la cac nghj sT, dan bieu ddi lap nhu:T6n Ai Lieng, Ho Nggc Thuan, Ly Quy Chung, Kieu Mong Thu...
* Liic ra tda lan nay ba Thanh bj benh suyen va tim hoanh hanh nguy kich,
'Trong thdi gian dam phan ky ket Hiep djnh Paris 1973, nhieu ca nhan va nhom chinh tri dugc hinh thanh, tuy khong c6 quan he vdi Mat tran giai phong Mien Nam nhung hoat dgng cua hg co xu hudng theo muc tieu dau tranh cua Mat tran, dupe goi la "Luc lugng thd ba'(Third Fdrce) hay "Thanh phan thd ba" (Third Component).
"• Ly Quy Chung, Hoi ky khong ten, Sdd, tr.229
" Bao Le Monde ngay 3-5 va 12/5/1975, dan td Ngo Vinh Long, Vai nhan xet ve'Thanh phan thd ba"va "hoa hop, giai phong dan toe'Tap chiThcJi dai mdi, sd 25 thang 5/2011.
LUAT SU VIET NAM I SO 81 THANG 10-2014
