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An ninh phi truyen thong d vung dong bao dan toe thieu so mi6c ta - may van de can quan tam
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^^^ y<^ ^^u nguy ca mdi; trong do, cd nguy cat&su tac ddng cM an ninh m^ySn tiiong Ddi vdi vOng dSng b^o dSn toe tiiidu sSn Udc ta, nghien cQu
^ H , d g anninhphi truyin th&ngd day coy ngbia quan trong, dip tiiiit Bdi m ^ j ^ ^^t trong nhiing dia ban chiu tac ddng hit sifc manh me c^a cac
nhan to an ninh pbi truyin th&ng.
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ac dnh vflng ddng bao dfin tdc thilu so, miin mii, bien gidi ciia nude ta, cd dia hinh rflng mii hiim trd, kinh tl^ chfim phat triln, nhilu tfip tuc Igc hfiu, ddi s^ig cua nhfin dan cdn nhilu khd khfin. Cfic dfin tfc s&g dan xen vdi nhau, c6 truyin thing vfin hda da dgng, dfic sfic; dfiy cung Ifi nhiing dia bfin chiln lupc, xung ylu trfin gifl, bao vf bifn cudng T l qudc. Trai qua cae cudc khang chiln trudc dfiy, cfic dnh miin mii, trfn tuyln bien gidi Vift Nam cd vi tri dja chiln lupc ca vi kinh t i ; vfin hda, difnh tri, qufc pbdng - an ninh vfi dii n ^ g i , Ifi nhflng khu cfin cfl dia cfich mgng vflng chie, cung d p sflc ngudi, sflc eua, gdp phin Ifim n ^ thfing Idi vi dgi cua dfin tfc ^^ft Nam.Ngfiy nay, vin di an ninh phi truyin thong dupc nhilu chuyen gia hfing diu t h l g ^ d l cfip, i^hien cflu. Dfic biet, sau nhflng sU c l sdng thin, bao Ifl, dfng dfit, khung bf, budn ngudi, di cU tu do, truyin giao bfit hdp phap, budn If u, ma tuy..., vflii d l an ninh phi truyin thong da VUdt ra khoi pham vi an ninh cua mot qudc gia, dfin tdc vfi trd thfinh mdi quan ngai mang ttah toan cfiu. Cho din nay, mfie du dfi cd nhilu cdng trinh khoa hoc nghien cflu vfi nhilu khai niem ve an ninh phi truyen thing dUdc dua ra, nhung vfin chfla cd sfl thing nhfi't v l nfi hfim. Cho nf n, cfic qudc gia thudng dUa vfio cfich xac dinh, dfinh gia ciia Lifin hpp quoc Ifim quy chuin.
Theo quan diem cua Lifin hpp qudc, nhflng thach thflc tfl an ninh phi truyin thing trong cac thfip nien d i u cua t b l ky XXI bao gim 4 vSh dl:
mdi trudng suy thofii, biln doi khf hfiu, dich bfnh vfi khung bo qudc tf. Tuy nhifin, cd nhiing quan diem lai quy an ninh phi truyin thong vfio 5
&ih vyc (kinh tS, mdi trudng, xfi hdi, chfnh tri vfi vfin hfa), hofic thfinh 6 nhdm (d nhilm moi trudng, cgn kift tfii nguyen. tdi phgm, khung bf, dich bfnh vfi tham hpa dia chfi't), thfim chi gdm 10 mcS de dpa (khung bf, ma tuy, hai tfic, riia tiln, tin tfic, tham hoa mdi trudng, dich bfnh, buon ban ngudi, di cU bfii hdp phap vfi eye doan tdn giao.
* PGS, TS, T9P chf Cfng am S6^^9 (11-2016)1 4 5
^DliNDAN-Odl THOAI
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Cic quan ni^m niy mic dfl con cd sfl khfic bi^t ve" nhfin thflc, nhflng v? cd ban d?u cd nhflng di?m tudng ddng li: An ninh phi truydn thd'ng khdng phai l i an ninh quin sfl, m i l i an ninh tong hdp, bao gdm:
cfic mdi de dpa d?n an ninh con ngflSi v i xa hpi mdt cich toin didn ca vd chinh trj, kinh t?, vin hda, x i hdi, qudc phdng - an ninh vi mdi trudng sinh thfii,...
Vi%t Nam l i qudc gia dang phit trien, eo vj tri dja ly die thu, n i m trdn dai khi hju xich d^o nhiet ddi, nen chju t i c dpng rfi't ning ne tfl an ninh phi truyen thdiig, nhat 4 6 I S 6 l 1 9 (11-J016)
14 nhflng moi hid'm hpa ttt thing li nbBng vgn di ant thien tai, bao lut, sfl bi?n d S badng Idn, khdng chi de doa khi hlu, nude hidn dfing cao, rffih an nini quoc gia, din cdng H cac loai djch b$nh (SAES, ding ngudi trong pb^vi ami cilm gia cfim H6N1, AIDS...), hofc mgt sSnudc, mi cdn da Cflng vdi dd, nhflng vfin dd' v? dpa den toin thi nhin lofL t budn Jfiu, budn ban phfl nfl Nbdngygn didd ditpc tbibi^: >
va tre em, vfin chuydn trai tren nhiiu linh v^c nhdng phdp vu khi, ma tuy, tdi phsim nim ngoii vim di quSnatfvi CO to chflc xuydn qu?e gia, trong bdi cinh lidn kit qu&
khung bo, n h i p cU v i di cU tg. Nhflng vfin di dd 14: cfin trai phap lujt, d nhigm mdi kidt tii nguydn, bidh dfi khi truong,... d i v i dang tie dOng hiu, d nhilm mdi truing, flu' ' manh md d?n an ninh phi hoa thien tai, dich b^nh, khin*
truyen thong d vflng ddng bo, ma tuy, t0i pham xuytf bio dan tpc thidu eo cie tinh qudc gia, budn bin phu nil vfi midu nui, bien gidi Vidt Nam. tre em, budn liu vfl khi rfla Nhfl viy, cd t h i nhjn didn tidn, t«iph,un kinh t?qudb tdi OiainAm: An ninh phi truyin t ^ ph»m cdng nghj eao
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Tfl dd, ta CO t h i thay TO quy mfi, tfnh chfi't tfic dfng cua nhiing nguy ed an ninh phi truyin thf ng d viing dong bfio dan tdc thilu so nude ta la rfit gay gfit, Ifiu dai, mang tfnh xuyen qudc gia, khu vyc vfi tofin clu. Vifc ngan chan va flng phd vdi nhfllig nguy cd nfiy khong chi gidi hgn trong pham vi mdt qudc gja mfi ddi hdi sy chu dfing va tich eye hpp tfic chfit che ciia tfit ca cac nUdc, cua cfic to chflc qudc t l
^ k h u VUc, cua moi ca nhfin eiia ca cdng ddng xa hdi.
An ninh phi t r u y i n thing cd the diln ra d cac cfip do khac nhau, cd t b l tac ddng sfiu sfic din an ninh, qufc phdng cua dfit nudc vfi khi cfic tac ddng do Idn din mflc khflng t b l kilm sofit dflpc hofic xLt 1;^ khong hifu qua sfi chuyen thfinh cac vin de an ninh truyin thd'ng dfin den nguy cd cho qudc gia, dan tdc.
Cae nguy cd dd cd the do an ninh phi truyin thing tryc tid'p tgo ra, cung c6 t h i do an ninh phi truyin thing gian tilp tfic dfng, thuc dly cfic tinh huong, thfich thflc phfit triln thfinh nguy cd ciia quoc phdng, an ninh.
Tfl nhflng vfi'n di trfin cho thfi'y, nguy cd do an ninh phi truyen thing gfiy ra d vflng ding bfio dfin tdc thilu sf nudc ta cd moi quan hf chfit che vdi nhau, tfic dong ting hpp trfin cac linh vuc ciia ddi song; trong dd, qufc phdng.
an ninh la linh vyc trpng yen, chiu sy tac dfng Idn. Vi vfiy, d l y mgnh vifc nghien cflu, nhfin difn thyc trang, du bao xu hudng vfin dpng vfi phat sinh, phfit trien cua an ninh phi truye'n thdiig d l kiem sofit va ddi phd <» hieu qua nguy ed tfl an ninh phi truyin thong hien nay la vfiii de cap thilt, mang tfim chien lupc, ddi hdi phai ed giai phap ding hd, sU vfio cufc cua cac cfip, cfic ngfinh, ca hf thong chinh tri va toan dan, dudi sy lanh dgo cua Dang;
trong dd, cd t h i tap trung vfio nghidn cflu mdt sf noi dung giai phap ed ban d l tfing eudng kha nfing flng phd vdi nhflng tfic dfng cua an ninh phi truyin thong:
- TrUdc hit, cfin quan trift sau sfic quan dilm cua Dang ve: "Chu dfng xfiy dyng, triln khai vfi kilm tra, gifim sat viec thyc hien cae ehUdng trinh, k l hogch itng phd vdi bien dii khf hfiu, phdng, chfng thien tai cho tflng giai doan""'. Khfic phue trift di nhiJng sd hd, thieu sot trong vifc kit hdp kinh t l vfi qudc phong, an ninh tgi cfic dia bfin, nhfit Ifi dia bfin chiln lUdc. Theo dd, phfit trien ben viing, bao dam an sinh xfi hdi, thUc hifn cdng b ^ g xfi hfi, xda ddi, giam nghfio, phat triln vfin hda, giao due, khoa hoc - cong nghe, chfim lo ddi sfng vfit chfi't, tinh thfin vfi sflc khde ciia nhfin dan, tfing
cudng qufc phdng va an ninh... Ifi nhflng v ^ de cd ban tao nen tang viing chfic cho via: dda phd vdi cae mdi de dpa an ninh phi truyen thong.
- Nang cao y thflc cho mpi tang 16p nhan dan v l bao vf To qudc theo yeu clu ciia thdi ky mdi. Quan trift vfi gifio dye sau rpng muc tieu, nhifm vu bao ve To qudc theo tinh t h i n Nghi quylt Dgi hfi XH cua Dang eho tofin xa hfi, dfic bift Ifi cho nhfin dan cfic dan tfc vflng sfiu, vflng xa, vflng ddng bfio dan toe thilu s6'. To chflc nghifn cflu mdt each cd hf thfng vfi tofin difn cfic mfi de dpa an ninh phi truyin thfng;
tfing cudng tuyen truyin, trao dfi'i thong tin ve cfic mfi de dpa an ninh, qufc phdng.
Nang eao nhfin thflc vfi f thflc trfich nhifm xa hfi, trfich nhiem cfng dong cua chfnh quyin cac cfip, cua cae t l chflc chfiih tri - xa hfi, cae dofin the vfi cac tfing Idp nhfin dfin trong ddi phd vdi cfic mdi de dpa an ninh phi truyin thfng, trong thyc hifn nhifm vu qudc phdng - an ninh, bao vf vflng chfic To qudc Vift Nam xfi hfi chii nghia trong tinh hinh mdi.
- "Nang cao chfit Ifldng cfing tac dy bfio tinh hinh. Kien quyet gifl vflng on dinh chfnh (1) Vin kien Dfu b0i d^i biSu toan qu&lin tbUXJI, Vfin phdng Tnmg uong Dang, Hfi Nfi. 2016, tr. 144 - 145
S6n9 (11-2016) I 47
D | £ N D A N - Ddi THOAI
tri. In dinh kinh te - xa hfii trong mpi tanh huong. Xay dflng. Cling cf dudng bien gidi tren bp hda binh, hiiu nghi, hpp tac vfi phat trien"®*; tgo nin tang vflng chAc d l phdng, chfng cd hifu qua nhflng thach thute, tfic hgi tfl an ninh phi truywi thfng. Cd cfic hifn phfip dly mgnh phat triln kinh te - xa hfii; "Nfing cao nfing lUc dy bfio, canh bfio va flng phd vdi thifn tai, gifim sat bien doi khf hfiu vfi tim kilm, cflu ngn, cflu hf*^; tfl dd, xfiy dyng k l hogch, phudng fin phdng, chong, khic phyc hfiu qua vfi t l chflc luyfn tfp, diln tfip theo cae phUdr^ fin dfi dupc phd duyf t.
Coi trpng diu tu, chuin hi ca v l con ngudi vfi phUdng tifn hifn dgi cho nhifm vu d&i phd vdi thach thflc an ninh phi truy&i tiling, bao dam cd lyc lupng chuyfin trfich, kifim nhifm vfi lyc lUpng rdng rai;
ludn nfim vflng tinh hinh, sSn sfing xA 1^ kjp thdi cae tteh hufng xay ra.
- Dly mgnh xa hfi hda viec dSi phd vdi cfic thfich thiJte an ninh phi truyin thfng theo hudng: huy dfng rdng rai mpi ting Idp nhan dfin, cfic doanh nghifp, nhfi diu tu,... tham gia. Ding thdi. cd sy phan efip ro rfing eho cfic cfip, ngfinh, dia phUdng trong t l chflc Iyc Iflfng eua tofin dan vfi huy dfing Cd sd vfit chS"t tgi chd, kit hyp vdi cd dfng Iyc lUpng, phfldng tifn tfl ndi khfic din.
nhhn bao dam ddi phd kip thdi, hifu qua.
P h S hdp chat che gifla cac cfip, ngfinh, dia phfldng vfi lyc lupng trong flng phd vdi cac thach tiiflc 3m ninh phi truyen thong tren tiing dha bfin, khu vyc hidn gidi, vflng ding bfio dfin tfc thilu sf. Trong qufi trinh thyc hifn, phai tfip tnmg cao do sy lanh dao, chi buy, dilu hfinh, bao dam ludn thfng nhit vfi thdng suft, coi dd la dilu kifn tifn quylt thyc hifn thfing Idi nhifm vy quan trpng nfiy.
- Md rdng quan hf ddi ngoai, TUu tU thfch dfing vfi sA dyng cd hifu qua sy giflp dd qudc te cho cfic cdng trinh trong dilm quoc gia, cac chUdng trinh flng phd vdi biln doi khf hfu;..."(*'; dfi'y manh hpp tfic vdi cac nUdc vfi cac t l chflc qudc t l , cfic cd quan an ninh, canh sfit cua cac nudc trong vfin d l an ninh phi truyin thong, dfi'u t r a n h chfng khung bf, phdng, chfng tfi phgm xuyfin qudc gia; thilt Ifip hfinh lang phfip 1^, xay dyng cd c h i hdp tac vdi cfic nudc trong khu vyc vfi qudc t f , vdi cfic t i chflc qudc t l cd lifn quan; chfl trpng tfing cUdng quan hf hpp tac vdi cac nude ASEAN trong ddi phd vdi cfic mdi de dpa an ninh phi truyin thfng, dfic bift trong hpp tfic quffc t l phai cd chpn Ipc, ed trong t&m b-png dilm; tfp trung vfio cfic v i n d l v l dfio tgo, hufi'n
luyfn, diln tfp, k h i c phyc hfiu qua tham hpa, thifin tai, hd trd nhfin dgo, phdn^
chfng khling bd', tfi phgm xuyen qufic gia, khung bf, dffi phd vdi tinh trgng biln dii khf hfiu, tham hpa thifin nhifin, vdi cfic chUdng trinh, klhogeh vfi ed c h i phfl hpp,...
gdp p h i n giam thilu tac dfing cua cac nguy cd an ninh phi truyin thfng ddi vdi nude ta ndi chung, vilng ding bfio dfin tfc thilu sf ndi rifng.
Vlh d l an ninh phi truyin thfng d vflng ding bfio dfin tfc thilu sf Ifi mdt nfi dung rfi't quan trpng eua nhifm vy bao vf T l qudc xa hfi ehu nghia ciia nhfin dan ta trong thdi 1^
mdi vfi hfi nhfp qudc tl. M phd vdi cfic m ^ de doa an ninh phi truyin thfng vfla Ifi yfiu clu, nhifm vy c ^ sy nghifp quo: phdng - an ninh, bao vf To qu&, vfla Ifi dilu ki$n quan trpng d l bao vf vflng chfic dfc Ifp, chu quyin, th6ag nhfit, tofin ven lanh thi, bao vf c h i df, gifl vflng hda binh, on dinh chfnh tri vfi an ninh qudc gia, trf t ty, an tofin xfi hdi. Thyc hifn nhifm vy nfiy ddi hdi su ding thufn vfi n3 lyc cua tofin xfi hfi, sy quy&
tfim rfi't cao cua Dang, Nhfi nudc vfi nhfin dfin ta, vdi nhflng giai pbap, bifn phfip phfl hpp vfi hifu qua I
(2), (3), (4) Vin ki$n D^i A(J/
d$i biiu toin quSc lin tbd XIL SAttr.lM. 146
48 I S6ll9|(ll-2016)
