TAP CHJ CONG THlTlfNfi
GIAI PHAP THtJC DAY HOAT D O N G
CHIA SE TRI THlfC CUA SINH VIEN TRlJCfNG DAI HOC KINH TE
THANH PHO HO CHI MINH
• QUAN HAN XUdNG - TRAN TRUNG KIEN
TOM TAT:
Chia se tri thu'c ngay cang dong vai 0:6 quan trong doi vdi sir phdt trien ben viJng cua cac ca nhan, to chiJc va xa hoi. Trong moi tru'Sng tlai hoc, ccf ch6' chia se tri thu'c cang can di/cfc chii hong bcli qua trinh nay giup nang cao hieu qua hoc tip va nghien eu'u cua sinh vien. Theo do, bai viet hifdng dd'n kham pha tdc dong cua cac nhan to' den hoat dgng chia se tri thiJc cua sinh vien Tnidng Dai hpc Kinh te thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (Trifdng Dai hoc Kinh te TP. HCM). Ket qui nghiSn eu'u cho tha'y, ha t^ng cong nghe thong tin, niem tin vao tri thu'c ban than, lam viec nhom va van hoa nha trifcfngla cac yeu to'tac dSng manh de'n hoat dong nay. Theo do, tac gia de xua't cac giai phap nhhm thiic day boat dgng chia se tri thu'c cua sinh vien Triicfng Dai hpc Kinh t8' TP. HCM.
Tuf khoa: Tri thttc, chia se tri thiJc, sinh vien, Trifdng Dai hoc Kinh tS' TP. HCM.
1. T^ng quan nghidn eu'u
Ly do nhom tac gia thiTc hien de tai nghien ciiu xuat phat tCt 3 nguyen nhan chinh: (I) Tam quan trgng cua hoat dong chia se tri ihiJc do'i vdi sinh vien; (2) SiT thie'u hut cac blng chiJng thu'c nghiem tai cac tru'dng dai hoc Viet Nam va (3) Tinh ifng dung cua de tai.
Cung vdi xu htfdng toan cau hoa, cd che chia se tri thiic hieu qua ngay cang dong vai trd quan trong doi vdi SLf phat trien ben vUng cua cac ca nhan, to chu'c va xa hgi. Theo do, cac ye'u to' tac dgng den hanh vi chia se tri thu'c trd thanh de tai du'dc nhieu hoc gia quan tam nghien ciJu (Lin, 2007; Wang &
Noe, 2010). Mot each khai quat, tac gia tong hdp cac nghien eu'u tru'dc theo 2 nhdm chinh: cac
nghien ciiu tai cac to chu'c kinh te (Sharratt &
Usoro, 2003; Wasko & Faraj, 2000, Wang & Noe, 2010) va cac nghien ciiu ve hanh vi chia se tri thiic giifa cac sinh vi6n vdi gia tri mang lai cho sinh vien la muc tieu Idn nhat (Chin Wei & ctg, 2012; Majid
&Chitra,2013).
Lifdc khao nghien cu\i cho tha'y, cac nghidn ciJu thifc nghiem chu ye'u tap trung d cac to chu'c kinh te, dac biet la khu vifc tif nhan. Muc tieu cua cac nghidn eu'u nay nhdm kham pha cac nhan to' tac dgng de'n hoat dong chia se tri thu'c giiJa cac nhan vien trong cong ty (Al-Ammary, 2008; Chatzoglou
& Vraimaki, 2009; Ismail Al-Alawi & cong sif, 2007; Tan & ctg, 2010). Qua do, cac nha quan tri c6 nhiing cai each phti hdp de to chiic boat dgng hidu
96 S6'21 -Thong 11/2019
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qua va ben viJng {Antonova, Csepregi, & Marchev Jr, 2011; Hendriks, 1999; Panahi, Watson, &
Partridge, 2013).
Trong khi dd, mot so'nghienciJu chu trgng kham pha cac nhan to tac ddng de'n hanh vi chia se tri thilc giita cac sinh vien dai hgc (Jer Yuen &
Shaheen Majid, 2007; Majid & Chitra, 2013; Ong &
ctg, 2011; Yaghi & ctg, 2011). Vdi nhdm dd'i tifdng nay, muc tieu nghien ciJu la giup sinh vidn hgc tSp va nam bat tri thiJc tot hdn (Chong, Teh, & Tan, 2014; Majid & Chitra, 2013; Ong & ctg, 2011).
Tong quan nghien ciJu cho tha'y, cac yd'u to' chinh tac dgng dd'n hanh vi chia se tri thu'c giifa cac sinh vien bao gom: cd che'khen thu'dng, van hda to chu'c, niem tin vao tri thilc ban than, boat ddng nhom va ha tang CNTT. Tuy nhidn, tac dgng cua cac yeu to' rat khac biet theo tCfng tru'dng hdp nghidn ciiu.
Chang ban, nghien ciJu cua Ong & ctg (2011) chi ra tac dOng manh me ciia cd chd'khen thu'dng dd'n hoat ddng chia se tri thiJc cua sinh vien dai hgc Multimedia University tai Malaysia. Trong khi dd, Zaqout & Abbas (2012) nha'n manh vai trd cua niem tin va he thd'ng CNTT dd'i vdi hoat ddng chia s^ tri thdc ciaa sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hgc Universiti Sains, Malaysia.
Theo do, nhom tac gia tin rang, mu'c do tac ddng cua cac nhan to' den hanh vi chia se tri thiJc cua nhdm dd'i tifdng nay d Viet Nam se cd nhieu khac bidt. Tid'c ring, theo hi^u bid't cua nhdm tac gia, ra't it nghien cdu ve de tai nay d cac tru'dng dai hgc tai Viet Nam. Thifc td'cho thay, cac boat dgng thiic day hoat dgng chia se tri thitc cua sinh vien hien nay d nifdc ta chil ye'u xuat phat tif nhSn dinh chii quan cua ngu'di thifc hidn ma chda du'a tren cd sd khoa hgc. Qua dd, hieu qua cua cac hoat dgng nay chifa tifdng xiing vdi ky vgng. Thifc trang sinh vidn "Hgc gidi nhifng lam khong du'dc" dang la tran trd Idn cua xa hdi hidn nay. Vi vay, nhdm tac gia hifdng de'n kham pha tac dgng cua cac nhan to'de'n hanh vi chia se tri thdc cua sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hgc Kinh te' TP.HCM, qua do, de ra cac giai phap phu hdp, hieu qua giup thiic day hoat dgng nay d sinh vidn.
2. Khung ly thuye't va md hinh nghien cu^
Chia se tri thdc ddng vai trd quan trgng dd'i vdi sir phat trien cua sinh vidn trong mdi tru'dng dai hgc
(Majid & Chitra, 2013; Ong & ctg, 20i I). Jer Yuen
& Shaheen Majid (2007) ly giai, chia se tri thdc tich cifc va hf nguydn la dieu can thid't d^ dam bao r5ng vide hgc cd hieu qua va y nghia. Chia se tri thdc tich cifc va tif nguyen khdng chi giup sinh vidn cd dddc nhieu tri thdc, ma con giup hg dd dang hdn trong vide van dung kien thdc da vao cdng vide thifc td' sau nay, dac bidt la trong mdt thd' gidi ngay cang ddi hdi nhieu hdn ve kid'n thdc chuydn sau hien nay (Ong & ctg, 2011). Ciing vdi xu the' toan cau hda, khoang each ve thdi gian va khdng gian dan difdc thu hep, td'c do truyen dat thdng dn ngay cang cao, vai trd cua chia se tri thdc cang trd nen quan trgng.
Qua lifdc khao ly thuyd't, tac gia hinh thanh md hinh nghien cdu ve cac nhan td' tac dgng dd'n hanh VI chia se tn thdc cua sinh vien dai hoc. Cac nhan to' chinh bao gom: cd chd' Idiuye'n khich, van hda Ed' chdc, niem tin vao tri thdc ban thSn, lam vide nhdm va cd sd ha tang cdng nghe thdng dn (CNTT).
Hanh vi chia se tn thdc la qua trinh cac ca nhSn chia se tri thdc vdi nhau, la sif cho di va nhSn lai tri thdc (Bock & ctg, 2005). Cd chd' khuyd'n khich la cac chinh sach khen thddng, dai ngg lien quan de'n hoat dgng chia se tri thdc. Cd che khen thddng hidu qua can phai cdng bang, khach quan va du'a trdn kd't qua ciia hoat dgng chia se tri thdc. Qua do, cd chd' khen thu'dng thuc day cac ca nhan chia se tri thdc (Oliver & Reddy Kandadi, 2006). Van hda to chdc (van hda nha tru'dng) dddc hieu la cac quy tac difdc quy dinh rd ve cac gia tri cd't loi, phu'dng cham boat ddng cua tru'dng. Dieu nay dinh hinh hanh ddng va nguyen vgng cua cac ca nhan trong td chdc (Harris
& Ogbonna, 2002; Henri, 2006). Niem tin vao tri thdc ban than la mdc do tin tddng cua ca nhan vao nang Idc va tri thdc ban thSn (Bandura, 1997). Lam viec nhdm la cac cam ke't, hdp tac va Idi ich dat dddc khi lam vide nhdm. Cac thanh vidn hdp tac, tin tddng va phd'i hdp hieu qua se thuc day qua trinh chia se tri thdc (Lu, Leung, & Koch, 2006). Cud'i ciing, he thd'ng CNTT ham y mdc do hidn dai hda, cung nhd dng dung hieu qua cdng nghe vao cac hoat dgng chia se tri thdc gitfa cac ca nhSn trong td' chdc (Catherine E Connelly & Kevin Kelloway, 2003). Theo dd, md hinh nghidn cdu difdc trinh bay trong Sd do. (Xem sd do)
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TAP CHi CUNG THirUNG
Sd (36 1: fi/to hinh nghien cifu va cac gia thuye't
( Co che khuyen khich V 1-
( \^n hda nha trudng V ^
( Niem tin vao tri thdc ca nhan J— H3
r •• N/""
( Lam vi^c nhom ) ^
r Ha tang CNTT Nguon: Do tdc gid tdng hap Gid thuye't HI: Cff che khuyen khich cd tdc dpng
tich cue ddi vdi chia se tn thdc
Gid thuyit H2: Vdn hoa nhd trudng cd tdc dong lich cUc ddi vdi chia se tri thdc
Gid thuyet H3: Niem tin vdo tri thdc cd nhdn c6 tdc dong tich cUc ddi vdi chia se tri thdc
Gia thuyet H4: Lam viec nhom cd tdc dong tich cue ddi vdi chia se tri thdc
Gid thuyet H5: Ha tdng CNTT cd tdc dong lich cue ddi vdi chia se tri thdc
Tuy vao tijfng trddng hdp nghien cdu, mdc do tac dgng cua cac nhan to trdn de'n boat dgng chia se tri thdc cd nhilu khac bidt. Theo do, khung ly thuye't va md hinh nghidn cdu difdc trinh bay d phan nay la nen tang de nhdm tac gia dng dung phddng phap va quy trinh nghien cdu phii hdp, kham pha tac ddng cua cac ye'u to' de'n boat ddng chia se tri thdc cua sinh vien Trddng Dai hoc Kinh te'TP.HCM.
3. Kd't qua nghien ciJu va thao luan Dd' danh gia tac ddng cua cac yd'u td dd'i vdi boat ddng chia se tri thdc gida cac sinh vidn Trddng Dai hgc Kinh te'TP.HCM, nhdm tac gia thifc hien mdt quy trinh kiem dinh cu the nhd sau:
3.1 Nghien cdu dinh tinh
Dau tidn, thang do cac yeu to' dddc xay ddng dda trdn cd sd lifdc khao ly thuye't va cac nghien cdu thifc nghidm (thang do nhap 1). Tuy nhien, nhdm dd'i tddng nghien cdu cd nhieu die'm dac thu ndn tac gia thdc hidn thao luan nhdm vdi cac sinh
vien, giang vidn va chuyen vien phong ban dd' bo sung va ho^n chinh thang do. Viec thao luSn nhdm du'dc thifc hien vdi 2 nhdm ddc lap: 1 nhdm g6m 10 sinh vidn;
1 nhdm g6m 5 giang vien va 5 chuydn vidn cac phdng ban, dang hgc tap va lam viec tai Trddng Dai hgc Kinh td' TP.HCM. Td dd, tac gia td'ng hdp dd' hinh thanh cac bie'n do Iddng mdi ye'u to' (thang do nhap 2). Tie'p theo, difa vao ban khao sat tren, tac gia thdc hien phdng van thii' 30 sinh vien Tnfdng Dai hgc Kinh te' TP.HCM, nham dieu chinh cac cau hoi phu hdp vdi dd'i tddng va muc tidu nghien cdu hdn.
Ban khao sat chinh thdc dddc xay ddng dda tren cac cau hoi thanh phan sau khi nghien cdu dinh tinh. Thang do difdc sd dung la thang do Likert 5 mdc dO (thang do chinh thdc), td hoan toan khdng dongy dd'n hoan toan dong y.
3.2. Nghien cdu dinh lUdng
Dd'i tUdng khao sat la sinh vidn he chinh quy tai Trddng Dai hgc Kmh te' TP.HCM. Do dieu kien khach quan, nhdm tac gia sd dung phddng phap chgn mau thuan tidn, vdi hinh thdc gdi ban hdi tnfc tuyd'n qua mail ca nhan. Theo do, sd' phie'u khao s^t hdp le la 971 phid'u trong tong sd L200 phie'u phat ra (Dat khoang 80,9%).
Tie'p theo, tac gia sd dung he sd' Cronbach's Alpha de' loai bo cac bie'n cd do tin cay thang do tha'p (Nguydn DinhThg, 2011). Ke't qua nghien cdu cho tha'y, cac bid'n deu dat tidu chuan ve do tin cay thang do.
Phddng phap phan tich nhan td kham pha (Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA) dddc ap dung de xac dinh lai cac nhdm bid'n trong md hinh nghien cdu. Ke't qua cho thay, he sd KMO la 0,825, kiem djnh Bartlett cd y nghia thd'ng kd (Sig. = 0,000
< 0,05). Theo dd, phddng phap EFA la phu hdp. Gia tri Eigenvalues ddng d 1,179 > 1, td'ng phddng sai trich (TVE) la 74,055 (%} > 50% cho tha'y sU phii hdp cua phddng phap phan tich EFA. So sanh vdi chi so' Eigenvalues, cd 6 nhan td' difdc trich ra va tat
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Bang 1. Tdc dpng cua cac ye'u to de'n hogt dong chia se tri thCfc cua sinh vien
Md hinh
Tn thLfc ca nhan Teamwork Van hoa nha trudng Ha tang CNTT Co che khuyen khich
H$sotacd9ng chua chuan hoa
0.213 0.222 0.146 0.304 0.057
H$ so tac dpng da chuin hoa
0.236 0.219 0.175 0.353 0.060
MOc y nghTa
0,000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.013
K j ^ d|nh da cOng tuyen Giatricua
ddchapnh^n 0.812 0.763 0 934 0.820 0.976
H$ so phong dai phuang sai
1.232 1.310 1.071 1.220 1.024 Nguon: Kit qud xd ly tit phdn mem SPSS 22
ca cac he so tai nhan to' deu Idn hdn 0,5 nen ta't ca cac bie'n dddc giif lai
Cud'i cung, nhdm tac gia phan tich hoi quy nh'am danh gia mdc do tac ddng cua cac ye'u td'anh hifdng dd'n hanh vi chia se tri thdc gida sinh vidn Trifdng Dai hgc Kinh td'TP.HCM. Ke't qud dddc trinh bay d Bang.
Kd't qua cho thay, ye'u to' ha tang CNTT cd tac ddng manh nha't de'n boat dOng chia se tri thdc cua sinh vidn Tru'dng Dai hgc Kinh Id' TP.HCM, phan anh tac dpng cua xu hddng sd' hda dd'n boat dgng chia se tri thdc cua nhdm dd'i tu'dng nay. Tid'p theo, lam vide nhdm, niem tin vao tri thdc ban thfin va van boa nha tru'dng cung tac ddng manh de'n boat dgng nay. Nhd De Vries, Van den Hooff, & de Ridder (2006) luan giai, sif pho'i hdp td't gida cac thanh vien trong nhom xac dinh sd sSn sang cua hg trong vide ddng gop cho Idi ich chung ma hie'u hien rd nha't la mdc do s£n 16ng chia se tri thdc. Trong khi dd, chi khi cac ca nhan td tin vao tri thdc ciia ban than thi ho mdi san long chia se tri thdc nhieu hdn (Ling, San, & Hock, 2009). Xay difng van boa to chdc phii hdp dd' khuye'n khich chia se tri thdc giifa cac sinh vidn (Gupta & Govindarajan, 2000;
Bui Thi Thanh, 2014). Ngoai ra, ye'u to' cd che khuyd'n khich cd tac ddng cd y nghTa de'n hoat dgng chia se tri thdc cua sinh vien, phii hdp vdi ke't qua kie'm dinh cua cac nghien cdu trddc (Kassim & ctg, 2015; Ling, San, & Hock, 2009; Manafi &
Subramaniam, 2015).
4. Kd't luan va 6k xuS't giai phap
Ke't qua nghidn cdu cho thay, cac ye'u td'ha ting CNTT, niem tin v^o tri thdc ban than, lam vide nhdm, van hda nha tnfdng va cd che' khuye'n khich cd tac dgng manh dd'n boat ddng chia se tri thdc cua smh vien Trifdng Dai hgc kinh td' TP.HCM. Td cd sd nay, nhdm tac gia de xuat cac giai phap nham nang cao hidu qua boat ddng chia se tri thdc cua sinh vidn Tnfdng Dai hgc Kinh te' TP.HCM. Cu the' nhd sau:
Nha tnfdng can chu trgng phat trid'n yd'u to' ha tang CNTT. Trong do, vide md rgng kha nang tid'p can vdi cac dd lieu chuan qud'c td' can dddc Nha trddng chu trgng dau td. Ngoai ra, Nha trddng can nang cao cha't lifdng cd che chia se tri thdc irdc tuye'n gida cac sinh vidn, Chia se tri thdc tru'c tuye'n hieu qua giup giam thilu chi phi, thuc day hoat dgng nay dien ra thifdng xuydn hdn.
Ben canh dd, lam vide nhdm hieu qua cung dong vai trd quan trgng dd'i vdi boat dgng chia se tri thdc. Nha trddng can cd cd chd' thich hdp nham day manh lam viec nhdm trong tdng mdn hgc, giijp sinh vien gan kd't, nghien cdu, hoc tap va chia se tri thdc
Niem tin vao tri thdc ban than la yd'u to' cdt loi dd .sinh vidn quyd't dinh cd hay khdng hanh vi chia se tri thu'c Viec chuS'n hda chu'dng trinh theo chddng trinh dao tao cua cac trifdng hang dau the gidi la bddcdi dung dan, can dddc day manh. Ngoai ra, van hda Nha trifdng cung ddng vai tro Idn dd'i
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TAP CHi CONG THK0NG
vdi hoat dOng chia se hi thdc. Nha trddng can tid'p tich cifc, thuc d^y hoat ddng chia se di thdc. Cd che tuc nang cao tinh than thdc hidn van hda UEH (van khuyd'n khich khdng chi ve vat chat, ma con la cac boa Nha trddng) de'khuye'n khich boat ddng chia se hinh thdc khen thu'dng ve tinh than, nhd sd ghi tri thdc cua sinh vidn, tao ra mdi tnfdng hgc tip cdi nhan, vinh danh. Td do, sinh vidn nhSn thdc boat md, than thidn. ddng chia se tri thdc mang lai nhieu Idi ich, thdc Tuy mdc dO tac ddng cua cd chd' khuye'n khich day ho san long chia se tri thdc thddng xuyen va khdng cao, nhufng yd'u to nay cung tao ra tac ddng hieu qua hdn •
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O :
/. Antonova, A . Csepregi, A., & Marchev Jr. A. (2011). How to extend the ICTusedat organizations for transferring and sharing knowledge lUP Journal of Knowledge Management. 9(1). 37.
2. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control: Macmillan.
3. Bock, G.-W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y.-G., & Lee, J.-N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation In knowledge sharing:
Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS quarterly, 87-111.
4. Chatzoglou. P. D.. <k Vraimaki, E. (2009). Knowledge-sharing behaviour of bank employees in Greece Business Process Management Journal, 15(2), 245-266.
J. Chin Wei, C, Siong Choy, C, Geok Chew. G., & Yee Yen. Y. (2012). Knowledge sharing patterns of undergraduate students. Library Review. 61(5). 327-344.
6. De Vries, R. E.. Van den Hooff, B., & de Ridder, J. A. (2006). Explaining knowledge sharing: The role of team communication styles, job satisfaction, and performance beliefs. Communication research, 33(2), 115-135.
7. Hendriks. P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing.
Knowledge and process management, 6(2), 91.
8. Henri, J.-F. (2006). Organizational culture and performance measurement systems. Accounting, organizations and society, 31(1), 77-103.
9. Ismail Al-Alawi, A., Yousif Al-Marzooqi, N, & Fraidoon Mohammed, Y. (2007). Organiz.ational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors. Journal of knowledge management, 11(2), 22-42.
10. Jer Yuen, T, & Shaheen Majid. M (2007). Knowledge-sharing patterns of undergraduate students in Singapore.
Library Review, 56(6), 485-494.
11. Kassim, A. L, Raman, A., Don. Y, Daud, Y., & Omar, M. S. (2015). The Association between Altitude towards the Implementation of Staff Development Training and the Practice of Knowledge Sharing Among Lecturers.
International Education Studies, 8(12), 108.
12. Lin, H-F. (2007). Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions.
Journal of information science, 33(2), 135-149.
13. Ling, T. N. San, L. Y.. & Hock. N T. (2009). Trust: facilitator of knowledge-sharing culture. Communications of thelBlMA,7(l5), 137-142.
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17. Tan. N L. Lye, Y. H. Ng. T. H. & Lim, Y. (2010). Motivational factors In influencing knowledge sharing among banks in Malaysia International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 44(August), 191-201.
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18. Bui Thi Thanh (2014). Cdc yiu td'anh hudng din hdnh vi chia se tri thdc vdi dong nghiep ciia giang vien trong cdc trudng dai hgc. Tap chi Kinh tevd Phdt tnen (199), 71.
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Ngay nh$n bai: 3/10/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chffa: 13/10/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 23/10/2019 Thong tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. QUAN HAN XUaNG
Trii&ng Dai hoc Kinh td'thanh ph6'H6 Chi Minh 2. TS. TRAN TRUNG KIEN
Trddng Dai hoc Kinh te thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh
SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE STUDENT'S KNOWLEDGE SHARING ACTIVITIES IN UNIVERSITY
OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY
• MA. QUAN HAN XUONG University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
• PHD. TRAN TRUNG KIEN University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
Knowledge sharing is increasingly important to the sustainable development of individuals, organizations, and society. In the university environment, the knowledge sharing mechanism needs to be emphasized because this process helps improve the learning and research efficiency of students. Accordingly, the study aims to explore the impact of factors on knowledge sharing activities among students in University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City.
Research results show that information technology infrastructure, belief in common knowledge, teamwork and university culture are strong factors affecting this activity.
Accordingly, the authors propose solutions to promote knowledge sharing activities among students in University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City.
Keywords: Knowledge, knowledge sharing, student. University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
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