NGHIEN cau-TRAO Odi
MOTSOGIAIPHAPDAYMANHTHaCHIENCHINHSACH AN SINH XA HQI DOI Vdl VUNG DAN TOC THIEU SO
NGUYEN THI KIM OANH*
Bio dim an sinh xi b0i cbo ddng bio din t0c thiiu sdli giii phip ca bin diglim nghio bin vOttg, ning cao ddi sdng eua Nbin din vi gdp phin dn dinb cbinb tri xi b0L Nhing nim qua, hi thdng chinh sich an sinh xi bdi ddi vdi ddng bio din tpc thiiu sddi dupc ban hinh khi diy du va toin diin, gdp phin ning cao ddi sdng v$t chit vi tinh thin cbo ddng bio dc dan t0c thiiu sd. Tuy nhiin, bin canh nhing thinh tpu^t dupc, vifc tbpc hiin chinh dch an sinh ^ h01 ddi vdi din tdc thiia sd vin cdn nhing bit cip, lam inh badng dinhiiuquiciadccliinhsich,giimmicddtiipcinvitbphudngansinbxih0iciiacic din t0c thiiu sS.
Tikbda: Chinh sich an sinh xi bdi; din tdc thiiu sd; thu hudng an sinh xa hdi
Ensuring social security for ethrue minorities is a fundamental solution for sustainable poverty reduction, Improvement of tbe hving standard ofthe people, and social, pohtical stabiUty. Tbe comprehensive, complete system of sodal securitypolldes&ir ethnic minorities has improved the material, spiritual life of ethnic minorities over the past years. However, besides tbe achievements, the implementation ofthe social security policies for ethnic minorities has revealed shortcomings which have affeded tbe poUcy outcomes, limited tbe access to sodal security, and hindered the ethnic minorities ffom enjoying social security.
Keywords: Social security pohcies; ethnic minorities; enjoy social security.
NGAYNHAN: 11/5/2020 NGAYPHANBI{N,DANHGIA: 10/6/2020 NCAYDUYtT: 16/7/2020
1. Thyc hign chinh sdch an smh xahfli dfii todn dign kinh te-xa hdi, cosd ha tang, giam vdi ddng bao dgn t^e thidu sfi ngheo, phat trign ngudn nhan lire vd bao dam Theo kdt qua so bd Tong Digu tra ddn sd ASXH ddi vdi ddng bao DTTS da dupe ban vanhadngay01/4/2Di9cuaTdngcucThong hdnh. Theo dd, da bao quat loan dien cac kg, Vigt Nam cd 54 dan tpc, trong do ngudi Unh vuc ASXH, nhu: ho tto viec ldm va giam Kinh chigm 85,3% dan sd, 53 dan tdc tiiigusd ngheo; bao hiem xa bdi; ttp giup xa hpi (DTTS) edn lai chiem 14,7% dan sfi. Nhitng (TGXH); bao dam tiep can amfie tfii tiueu cae nam qua, van dg bao dam an sinh xa hdi dich vy xa bdi eo ban (giap due, y tg, nha p, (ASXH) cho dfing bao DTPS lufin dupc Dang ""^ ^^'^h, tiifing tin), trgn eo so dd, tao va Nha nude ta dac biet quan tdm. Nhieu
ehinh sach va ngudn lue uu tign phdi trien * ThS, Hpc vien Ngdn hang
TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - Sd 294 (7/2020) Q
NGHIEN cau-TRAODdi
chuygn bien tich cue ddi vcri ddi sdng cua ddng bdo DTTS.
Sfi Ugu thfing kg cho thay, tinh dgn thdng 7/2019, Qufie bpi da ban hdnh 108 luat, hon 30 nghi quyet ed ndi dung chinh sdch hgn quan dgn linh vuc DTTS, mien niii vd vimg dac biet khd khan, bao quat cae linh vuc chinh tri, quoc phong, an ninh, kinh te, lao dfing va viec lam, van hda, thdng tin, giao due, dao tao, phat trign ngudn nhdn lye, y tg, bao vg mdi trudng, cdng tac cdn bd... He thong ehinh sdch dan tpc do Chinh phu va cdc bp, nganh xay dung la 118 vdn ban, ttong do cd 54 dg an, chinh saeh dan tdc tryc tiep ho tip phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vung DTTS vd mign nui'.
Cac cbinh sgch ASXH da ttr tap tinmg ho tro true tigp (nhu ehinh sgch ttp cuoc, ttp gia va cdp khdng thu tien mdt sd mat hang thiet ygu eho ngudi dan vimg ddn tfic va mien nui) chuygn sang vira dau tu phat trign Vila hd ttp true tiep eho ngudi dan (ho trp phdt trign san xuat doi sfing vdn hda cua nguoi ddn, dao tao cdn bd eo sd, gidm nghgo, y tg, gigo dye, dao tao nghg...). Cy the:
Tha nhit, cae chinh sgch tao vige Igm, bao dim thu nhap toi thigu va giam nghgo da ho trp ngudi ddn nang cao co hdi tim viee ldm, tham gia thi trudng lao dpng, chuyen ddi eo cau viee lam theo hudng da dang hfia sinh kg, giam ty le thdt nghigp, xoa ddi, gidm ngheo, cai thien eude sdng, gdp phan dn dinh xd hfii.
Theo dd, nhigu cMnh sdch uu dai, hudng tdi mye tigu giai quygt viee ldm cho thanh nign, sinh vign ngudi DTTS da dupe ban hanh (hign cd 116 ehinh saeh khdc nhau, ttong dd cd 7 ehinh sach bd trp thanh rtign dgn tfic mign nui hpe nghg va ngng cao trinh dd ddo tao ta bdi duong den so cap, trung cgp). Dac bigt, gan day, Bd Lao dfing - Thuong bmh vd Xa bfii da tang cudng cac giai phap dg lign ket, kgt nfii cdc truong nghe eua cgc tinh mign nui vdi cae doanh nghigp, gflp phan tao viee lam higu qua cho thanh nien DTTS...
Sd Ugu thfing kg eho thay, giai doan 2016 - 2018, da ed khoang 480.000 ngudi DTTS
duoc hoc nghg, ttong dd 130.000 n P ^ " hgc tmng cap, cao dgng; 350.000 ngiW aud«: n«
tto hoc nghe ttmh dfi so cap va duoi 3 mang tiieo chmh saeh eua De dn 1956. ^fP^^
nhigu chmh sgch bfi tto eho tiianh men DIB di xudt khgu lao dfing, nhu hd tro toan M phan ddo tao, hfi ttp di chuyen va chmh sach ho ttp ban dau... da dupe tiiue hien. Tu nSm 2018 - 2019, da dua dupe 613 tiianh nien DTTS di lam viee 6 nude ngodi^.
De gdp phan tao vi$c lam, nang cao doi song eho ddng bdo DTTS, chuong trinh tin dung ebi'nb sdch ddnh rigng cho dfing bilo DTTS da dupc ban hanh, giup dfing bao c51 tiiien cupc sfing, hfii nhap vdi xu hudng phit trign ehung eua ea nude. Theo Ngan hing Chinh sach xa hfii (NHCSXH), ngudn vdn danh rigng cho hd ddng bao DTTS cd sy ting tnrdng ddng dgu qua cgc nam. Ndm 2014 mdi chi efi 0,52%, sang nam 2015 da dat tffl 1,5% trong tfing ngufin vfin cua NHCSXH vi nam 2016 la 1,36%. Ngudn vfin tin dung chinh sdch dfii vfii ddng bao DTTS da dau tu cho ggn 100% bd tai cac xa, thdn, bin dgc bi?t khd khan, tai vimg sau, vimg xa.
Tinh dgnngay31/8/2019,ed hon l,4tiigu khach hang la hp dfing bao DTTS dang thi) hudng hau bgt cdc chucmg trinh tin dung t?i NHCSXH. Ngufin von tin dyng chmh sdch da gfip phdn giup hon 2 trigu hp DTTS tiioit ngheo, thu hut va tao vige lam eho 162 nghin lao dpng, 211 nghin hpc sinh, sinh vign co hodn canh khd khan la eon em hd DTTS dupc vay vfin hpe tap; xay dyng 1,3 trigu cfing trinh nude sach, vg smh mfii trudng ndng thfin; xay dung hon 215 nghin cSn nbg...^.
Ngoai ra, cac chinb sach nhu hd ttp phit trien san xuat da giup ddng bdo DTTS ttmg budc bo tap quan san xuat nuang riy, phi) thufic vao ta nhign chuygn sang tich cue ip dyng cic tign bp khoa hpc - ky thugt vio sin xudt de nang cao fliu nhap, giam nghgo bSn vdng. Chinh sach dau ta vgo co sdr ha tang, nhu cae cdng tiinh dudmg giao thdng da tao dieu kign eho nguoi dan di lai thuan lpi, thit
TAP CHf Q U A N LY NH A NUdC - Sd 294 (7/2020
NGHIEN cau-TRAODdi day giap luu kinh tg, vdn hda, xa hdi. He
thfing thuy lpi dupc hodn thign da nang cao nang lye tudi tigu, md rdng dign ticb dat san xugt, giip ngudi ddn dn dinh luong thye. Cac cdng trinh nude sinh boat, dien, tram y tg xa, tiiiong ldp hpc dupc dSu w xdy dyng kign cd, ddng bd 6 cdc xa, thdn ban giup ngudi dan cai tiuen ddi sfing suih boat hing ngay...
Nhd sy thuc hign ddng bd cdc cbinh sach ASXH Ugn ma neu nhu nam 2016, ttgn 70%
ngudi nghgo la ngudi DTTS (ttong khi ngudi DTTS cbi chiem ban 14% tdng dan sd ca nuoc) tbi dgn ndm 2018, tt lg hd nghgp DTTS dupe cai thien ban, d miic 52,7% sfi hp nghgo cua ca nude. Bdo cao cua Chinh phu ve "viec thuc hien ehinh sach, phgp luat ve thye hien Chyong trinh myc tigu qufie gia giim nghgp bgn vitng ttgn dia bgn vimg DTTS, mign nil giai dpan 2012 - 2018" eho thdy, ttong giai doan nay, linh vue giim nghgo ndi chung, glim ngheo viing DTTS, mign nui ndi rieng da dat dupe nhigu tbanb tyy to ldn, la mdt trong nhimg digm sang trong he thdng eac ehinh sdch ASXH, tao ra sy thay ddi nhanh vd eo bin dign mao ciia ndng thdn virng DTTS, mign nui Cac chinh sdch ddu tu phit trign kinh tg - xa hpi da tao sy chuygn bign rd ngt vg kgt cau ha tang, khogng 25.000 cdng trinh ha tang dupc xdy dung trgn dia ban cgc xa, thdn ban dae biet khd khdn vung DTTS, mien nii. Ty lg hp nghen, can nghgo, nhat lg hfi DTTS glim nhanh theo timg giai doan (gidm tiling binh khoang 3,5%/nam)...''.
Thahai, chmh saeh TGXH dupc tiiyc hien nham bap dam thu nhap va cac digu kien sinh sdng d mtrc tdi thigu cbo ddng bao DTTS gap nil ro, bat hanh, nghgo ddi, thigt thdi trong eude sfing. Cfing tdc cthi trp dot xuat ddi vdi ddng bdo DTTS da dupc trien khai tuong dpi (dp thoi, gdp phan tam thdi dn tiinh cudc sdng cua ddi tupng bi rii rp.
Thyc hign chinh sdch TGXH, dgn eyfii nim 2019, eg nydc da cd trgn 3 trigy dfii tupng buong trp cgp xa hfii hgng thing, dupc hd ttp kinh phi cham sde vd cap the bio hiem
y tg (BHYT), ttong dd cd nhieu nguoi DTTS;
48.423 dfii tupng dang dupc chdm sdc, nuoi duang tai 432 co so TGXH (ttong dd cd 182 co sd cfing lap). Kinh phi thuc hign thuong TGXH thucmg xuygn hing ndm la 17.563 ty ddng. Giai doan 2015 - 2020, ttung uong da ho ttp dia phuang 313.297 tan gao va 2.269 ty ddng de ciru ttp dot xuat Cac dia phuong cung da td chire huy ddng ngan sdch dia phuang, cfing ddng va cac nha hio tgm hd ttp eho cdc dfii tapng hang ngan ty ddng^.
rhu ba, cdc ehinh saeh hd ttp tigp can dich vu xa hpi co ban dupc ehu trpng thye hign. Vg gido dye, mang lucri truong ldp tir mam non dgn trung hpe phd thdng o' vung DTTS va mien nil nggy cang dupc cing ed vd phat trien. Cdc thdn, ban vung cao, vung sgu, vimg xa, bien gitii da cd ldp mam non, tigu hpc; 100% xa cd tnrdng tidu hpc, tiimg hpc co sd, trung tdm cym xa, cae huyen deu ed trucmg trung hpc phd thdng. He tiidng trudng phfi tiifing dan tpc nfii tini (PTDTNT), trudng phfi thfing dan tpc ban tni (PTDTBT) va trudng dy bi dai hpc ngay cang phat huy vai trd tich eye, co ban ddp ling nhu cau dao tao ngudn cdn bd ngudi DTTS cho cdc dia phuang vung DTTS, vimg mign nui.
Hien nay, toan qude ed tdng sd 316 truong PTDTNT 6 49 tmh/thanh pho vdi tdng sd 109.245 hpe smh ndi tni. Ty le hpe sinh tdt nghigp THCS eua cac tiudng PTDTNT hang nam tten 97%; ty le hpe smh tdt nghigp THPT dat 90%. Trong so 6.000 hpe smh cgc tiudng PTDTNT tfit nghiep THPT hang nam, ed ttgn 50% hpe sinh thi dfi thang vao dai hoc, cao dgng, 5% dupc di hpe eir taygn, 13% vdn dy bi dai hpc, khpang 30% vao tnmg cap chuyen nghiep, day nghg vd vg dia phuong tham gia cfing tdc, lao dfing san xuat. Ben canh dd, toan qufie hign ed 1.097 ttudng PTDTBT 6 28 tinh, thdnh pho (trong dd ed 15% trudng dupc cdng nhan dat chuan quoc gia) vdi quy md 185.671 hpc sinh bdn tni. Ty le hpe sinh ban tru cap tieu bpc hpgn thanh cgp hpc dat 98,9%, hpc sinh bgn Uu cap THCS boan
TAP CHf Q U A N LV NH A NUdC - Sd 294 (7/2020)
Q
N G H I E N cau-TRAO o d i
thanh cap hpe dat 92%. Chat lupng gido dye toan dien dupc ngng len rd rgt, hpc sinh bd hpc giim, gdp phan quan trpng ttong viec cimg CO, duy tri ket qui pbd cap giao dye tigu hpe, phd cap giao due THCS; nang cao ddn tn' va phat trign ngudn nhan luc 6 vimg DTTS, mign nil, vung cd dieu kien kinh tg - xa hpi dae biet khd khan, vimg bign gioi va hgi dao*.
Cung vcri giao due, viee tgng cudng dau ta cho y tg eo sd vung DTTS va mien nui eung dupc dac biet quan tam. Tbgnh eong nhat ttong chinh sach bao dim y te cho dong bgo DTTS la viee eung cgp rfing rai BHYT eho nguoi dan, gan nhu 100% ngirdi nghgo, nguoi DTTS da dupe cap tiie BHYT. Mang ludi eo sd y tg ngay egng phat trien, chat lupng kham, chira bgnh ngay cang tgng. Bap cao tdng ket 9 nam thi hanh Luat Kham binh, chOa benh cim Uy ban Ddn tdc cho thgy, thdi gian qua, ehinh sdch y tg cham sdc sire khde cho ddng bao DTTS ludn dupc thuc hign then huong:
uu tign giii quygt cdc vdn dg siic khoe; tang cudng kha ndng tiep can cung nhu cung cap dich vu y tg ed chat lupng; giim gdnh nang chi phi cham sde sire khde. Trong dd, Nha nude da uu tien bd tti nggn sach thyc hien chuong trinh muc tigu, cgc chuong trinh, du an de dSu tu xay dyng, nang cap, phdt trien he thdng eo so kham, chita benh, ttang thigt hi y tg, nhat la dgu tu eho bgnh vien tuygn buygn, ttam y tg xa. Theo dd, da cd 87 ttam y tg til Dy an bfi trp nganh Y tg cua EU giai doan I; 288 tram y tg til Dy gn hd ttp ngdnh Y te cua EU giai doan 2.
T^ le ngudi DTTS cd the BHYT trong nhiing ndm qua lign tyc gia tang, ngm 2016 cd 91% ddng bao dan tdc cd the BHYT; ndm 2017 dat 92,05% va ndm 2018 la 93,68%l
Bgn canh dd, nhieu ehinh saeh nhu hd tto nha 6, chuang trinh muc tigu quoc gia nude saeh va vg sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn dupc thuc hien da gdp phan cai thign digu kien sdng, nang cao nhan thuc cua ngudi dgn nfing thfin ndi chung vg DTTS ndi rieng, gdp phgn phat trign kinh te - xa bdi. Ddng bao
DTTS dupe tiidng tin kip tiioi ve cac chu^
sich eua Dang vi Nha nude; nang cao ddi sdng van hda tinh tiiin, nit ngin Khoang egch ve thfing tin giiia eac vung, midn...
2. Nhting bgt cgp cgn khic phyc Mac du Dang va Nha nude ta ludn cd sif quan tgm dac biet dfii vol vimg dong bao DTTS nhung hien nay vung DTTS vin dang la "161 ngheo" cua ci nude, cdn tdi ttdn 20.000 tiifin dae biet khd khan, tfin tai "5 nhit" so voi ea nude, do la: vung ed dieu kien tir nhign khi khan nhat; chat luong ngudn nhan lyc fliap nhgt; kinh te - xa hfii phat trien cham nhat;
tigp can eac dich vy xa hdi eo ban thip nhit;
tt le ngudi nghgo eao nhgt. Mitc thu nhap binli qugn cua nguoi DTTS so vdi mgt bing chung ed nude chua dupc thu hep, ehi bing khoing 30% so vdi binh quan chtmg ci nuoc.
Din sfi DTTS chigm 14,6% dan sfi nhung ty If bd nghgp chiem tren 52% tdng sd hfi nghgo eua ci nuoc. Chat lupng gido dye vi ngudn nhan lyc vung din tdc va mien nii thgp: 21%
ngudi DTTS trgn 15 tadi chua dpc thfing vigt thao tieng Viet. Vin cfin hon 54.000 hg thigu dat sdn xuat, hon 58.000 hd thigu dgt d, hon 223.000 hp tiugu nufic sinh haat".
Sd lao ddng ngudi DTTS dupe dio tao nghg con thap, ehi chidm 14% ttong tfing s6 nguoi DTTS ttong dp tadi lao ddng, cbi ygu hpc nghe ngin han. Tmh ttang thigu vige lim eua thanh nign DTTS dang la van dg hue tiiiet, ty lg tiiat nghigp 5,76%, cap ggp 2,5 lin SP vdi ty le tiiat nghigp eua ei nuoc (2,34%).
Chinb sach vg viee lim ddi vdi ving DTTS thidu ddng bp, thufing ldng ghep chung voi ehinh sgch giim nghgo vg day nghg; trinh dp chuygn mdn ky thuat, y thiic kJ luat, tic phong cdng nghigp... eung nhu phong titc, tap quan cia dfing bao DTTS edn ban che nen khfi tigp can eac dich vu vige lam, nhit la di lim viec d nude ngogi'.
Ben canh dd, cdng tge y tg, chim sdc sue khde vg BHYT cbo ddng bao DTTS tai cdc dia phuang vin cdn mpt sfi khfi khdn, vudng mie. Thye tg, ty lg bdc sy/10.000 dan cdn
TAP CHf Q U A N L* N H A NUdC - Sd 294 (7/2020)
N G H | £ N cau-TRAO Ddi
thgp, thigu cin bp y te efi chuyen mfin siu, can bfi nguoi tiia phuong; co so vgt chgt y tg dvung DTTS, mien nii cfin thieu, chua dong bfi. Mac d i ket qua cgp the BHYT miln phi dat tt lg cao, nhung sd lupt ngudi khdm, chita benh va chgt Iupng kham, chita benh bing BHYT 6 CO sd dat thgp, nhat lg 6 vung DTTS vi mign nui chua thgt sy higu qua'".
Cd nhigu nguygn nhgn din den tinh trang trgn, ttong dd nguygn nhan chi yeu lg do hg thong ehinh sgch phat trien kinh te - xa hdi dinh cho vung DTTS vi mien nii chua thye sy ddng bd, chua bap ddm gSn kgt thdng nhit. Hgu hgt cgc chinb sich deu mang tinb chgt ho ttp, giai quygt tinh thd, ehua phai la dau ta phit trien de khai thac cac thg manh vung DTTS, mign nii. Hon nOa, chua cd chinh sich khuygn khich ddng bdo DTTS vuon Ign thodt nghgo bgn vttng, mfit sfi ehinh sgch thiet ke chua p h i hop vdi thue te ngn khdng dat mue tigu de ra. Bgn canh dd, vige xgy dyng cgc chi'nh sdch cdn mang tinb nhigm ky, nggn ban, dg ra myc tigu ldn nhtmg thdi gian va ngudn lye thye hien khdng tuong xing, bd tri dan ttii, chua chi ddng, chira bio dam eho cic muc tigu va kg hoach dg dupc phg duyet..
Ngogi ra, ttong qud trinh thyc Men chinh sgch edn co mdt sfi sai pham, nhu thye thi chinh sach khfing minh bach, cdng tdc dieu tra, rg soat, tfing hpp ddi tupng thy huang chinh sdch thieu chitih xgc...
3. M$t sff giii p h ^ 6Sy manh thvic liign chinh sdch an suih xg h$i dfii vdl viing din t0c thigu sfi
Dg tiep tuc thyc Men tfit chinh sgch ASXH ddi vdi ving DTTS, ngdy I8/I1/20I9, Qudc bpi da phg duyet Dg dn tfing the phat trien kinh tg - xa hfii ving dong bao DTTS va mien nii giai doan 2021 - 2030, theo dd, dat ra muc tigu tdng quat: day manh phat trign kinh te, bio dam ASXH; giim nghgo nhanh, bgn viing, thu hep dan khoang egch ve muc sdng.
thu nhgp so vdi binh quan chung cia ca nude cia vimg ddng bio DTTS. Den nim 2025:
phgn dau mire thu nhap bmh quan cda ngudi DTTS tang trgn 2 lin sp vol nam 2020; ty lg hd nghgp ttong ddng bgo DTTS mdi ndm giam ttgn 3%; 100% so ttudng, ldp hpe vittamytg dupc xay dung kien ed; 99% sfi hd dan dupc su dyng dign ludi qufie gia va eac nguon dign khac phi hpp; 90% ddng bao DTTS dupc su dyng nude smh hpat hpp vg smh; 100% ddng hgp DTTS dupc xem tiuyen hinh vg nghe dai phat thanh. Ty le hpe sinh hpc mau giao 5 tadi dgn tiudng trgn 98%, bpc smh trong dp tadi hpc Ugu hpe trgn 97%, THCS trgn 95%, THPT trdn 60%; ngudi ta 15 tadi tro Ign dpc thfing, viet thao tieng phd thdng trgn 90%.
Tang cudng cdng tae y te dg ddng bao DTTS dupc tigp can cdc dich vy chdm sdc sue khde Men dai; 98% ddng bap DTTS tham gia BHYT; 50% lao ddng ttong dp tadi dupe dao tao nghg phu hpp vdi nhu cau, dieu kien eia ngudi DTTS.
Dinh hudng mue tieu den ndm 2030: thu nhap bmh qugn cia ngudi DTTS hgng 1/2 binh quan chung cia ca nude. Giam hd nghgo xudng dudi 10%. Co ban khfing cfin eac xa, thfin dac biet khd khdn. Den 2030 ed 40% lao ddng ngirdi DTTS biet ldm cac nganh, nghg:
cdng nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghiep, du lich, dich vy. Phan dgu ed 80% sd hp nfing dgn ngudi DTTS ldm kinh te nfing - lam nghiep hang hda. Ttgn 85% sd xa, thfin ving ddng bao DTTS vimienniieddicosdhatgngdap iing ygu cau phat trign kinh tg - xg hdi va ddi sdng cia ngudi dgn. Co ban hoan thanh chi tigu da de ra ttong Myc tigu qudc gia vg phat ttien ben viing dgn nam 2030.
De bao dam thyc Mgn cac myc tigu trgn, bao dam thye hien chinh sich ASXH ben vimg doi vdi ddng bdo DTTS, trudc hit, dn tigp tye chuyen ddi manh me cac chinh sach hd ttp tryc tiep mang tinh chgt "eho khdng"
sang chinh sdch tao ea hdi cho ddng bdo DTTS ty vuon Ign thogt ngheo, cai tMen ddi song. Trong dd, can uu tign theo ede linh vyc:
dau tu CO sd ha tang thigt yeu, phgt trien ngudn nhgn lyc, dao tao nghe gin vdi giai quygt viec ldm, su dyng cin bd DTTS, giam
TAP CHf Q U A N LY N H A NUdC - Sd 294 (7/2020)
D
NGHllNCUU-TRAO Ddi
nghep tigp can da cMgu vi giam nghgo ben vimg. Cie chinh sich cgn chi ttpng hon ttong viec ddu ta phat trign de khai thac eac thg manh vimg DTTS, mien nii.
Thahai, gin kdt bg thdng eic chinh sach, chuong trinh ASXH thanh mdt thg thfing nhgt, minh bach, trinh chfing ehgo, phgn tgn, kgm bleu qug. Hign nay, efi nMeu chuong trinh, boat ddng ASXH eia ede cap ta Trung uong dgn dia phuang, do nMgu co quan, don vi td chirc, bao gdm ei cac to chirc nude ngoii, td chuc phi chinh phi, dan tdi chdng cheo, triing lap, kem bieu qua. Cgn thigt kg lai tong the chuong trinh sao cho don giin, minh bach, de thye hign vi dd quan ly, trong dd chi trpng cdc chuang trinh ve viec lam, giam nghgo, bao trp xa hdi va cung cap dich vy xg hdi CO ban cbo dfing bdo DTTS.
Thaba, hep tae nghign cuu, xgy dung cac ehinh sach ve dao tao nghg vg giii quygt vige lam, xugt khau lao ddng, dao tao ngufin nhgn lyc chat lupng cao doi vtii lao ddng DTTS, thanh nign DTTS sau khi tdt nghigp dai hpe, eao ding vi ddo tap nghg. Nang cao chgt lupng giap dye vg ddo tao ddi vol vimg ddng bdo DTTS va ntien n i l Ngng eao chat lupng, md rdng, ddi mdi phuong thic vg mfi hinb boat dpng cia tiudng PTDTNT, bdn till. Cd CO chg cham lo doi sdng eho dpi ngu gido vign, cgn bd quan ly gidp dye cdng tac dvung ddng bdo DTPS vi mign nii. Thye Men eac giai phap dong bd, tao digy kign cho ddng bgo DTTS tiep can dich vy y tg, khdm, chiia bgnh d tuyen trung uong thdng qua chinh sgch BHYT. xay dyng va thuc Men cMgn lupc ve phdng, ehdng suy dinh duong d tte em, ngng eao sire khde, tam vdc thanh, tMgu nign DTTS. Tip trung chi dao, giii quygt nhung khd khan trong vung ddng bio DTTS, mign nii Men nay nhu: tinh trang thidu dgt 6, dat sin xugt, nude sinh boat de ddng bdo dn dinh cudc sfing; tap trung chi dao cac dia phuang thyc bign cic giai phip hd trp phat trien sin xugt, tao sinh ke fin diiih eho ddng bio vimg DTTS, mien nui. Ket ndi tigu thy bang hda giiia ving DTTS, mien nil vtri tbi truong
ttong nude va qufie tg; ddng tiidi, chu ttpng xgy dyng doi sdng van hda, tinh thin cho ddng bio DTTS.
Tha tu, bdo ddm ngudn lyc thuc Mgn chinh sdch ASXH phi hop, tranh dan trii.
Cac chinh sich can bio dam tinh Udn kgt, Ugn tiidng tdt, nhu ehinh sdch tin dyng gin vdi tao vige lim, day nghg gin vdi nhu ciu vige igm... Tang cudng thuc Men co chg xa hpi hda vg sy ddng gdp ngufin luc cia cdc to chuc, doanh ngMep, qua dd buy dpng cao nhat cdc ngudn luc eho giim ngheo, ASXH tai vung ddng bio DTTS.
Tha nam, tang cudng kidm tta, giam sit vide thye Men cic chi truang, chinh sgch doi vdi ddng bao DTTS. Xu ly ttdch nhiem tap thg, canhanedUenquan dgn nhirng sai pham, lpi dyng chinh sdch, ke ca vige tiiigu ttich nhigm ttong chi dao thuc Men cMiib sicbn
Chitiiich:
1. Cdng tic xay dung, thuc tbi phip luat v^
dan tpc thiiu so, miin nui tai Tay Nguyen.
http://noichinh.vn, ngay 27/01/2020.
2. Chuang tdnh giam ngheo cho ddl^ bao din tpc can gin vdi dao tao nghi. https://viet- namneLvn, ngay01/ll/20i9.
3. Bao cio cua Ngin hing Cbinh sach xi hpi taj hpi thio khoa hoc "Dam ^a hiiu qua dc chucmg trinh tin dung chinb sich ddi vdi ddng bao din tdc thiiu sd tai Viit Nam", ngay 25/9/2019.
4. Giai pbap nao di giam ngheo bin ving vimg dan tdc thieu sd. http://danvan.vn, ngay 07/6/2019.
S.Nangcaoiiiiuquacdngtictragiupxah^i http://baochuihphu.vn, ngay 20/02/2020.
6. Thuc hien chinh sich xa hdi thuc day phit trien giao due vung dan tdc thiiu sd, miin nui.
https://moet.gov.vn, ngay 09/10/2019.
7. flao dam quyen lai bio hiim yte cho ding bao dan tdc tiiieu sd. https://nhandan.org.vn, ngay 25/02/2019.
8. Gdc nhin dai biiu: Thuc day phit triin toin dien vung dan tdc thieu sd. http://quochoi.vn, ngay27/12/2019.
9. Chuang trinh giam ngheo cho ddng bia dan tpc cin gin vdi dio tao nghi. https://viel- namnet.vn, ngay 01/11/2019.
10. Bao dim quyen ipi bio hiem yticho ding bao din tdc tiiieu sd. https://nhandanorE.vn, ngay 25/02/2019.
