V \ \ KINH NGHItM-THUC TliN I
XAY
D V N G D O INGtr CAN BO, CONG CHLfC NlT:
GIAI PHAP THU'C HIEN BINH DANG Gldl VE CHINH TRI 6 VLJNG D A N T O C THIEU SO
MIEN TRUNG VA TAY NGUYEN
Tnidng Minh Due Tom tat: Binh ddng gidi Id mgt trong nhiing quyen vd nghia vu cd bdn eua edng ddn Viet Nam, dUdc quy dinhcu the trong cdc vdn bdn quy pham phdp ludt vd trong cde Cdng Ude Quoc temd Viet Nam id tham gia ky ket. Binh idng gidi nhdm idm bdo quyen lgi cho ngudi phu nU tren cde linh vifc chinh tri, kinh te, lao idng, gido due, y tevd ngay chinh trong gia dinh ciia ho. Bdi viet ldm ro vdn den xdy dlfng igi ngu cdn bg, eong chdc nil Id gidi phdp quan trgng nham thif c hien binh dang gidi ve ehinh tri trtn cd sd phdn tich dU lieu vdng mien Trung vd Tdy Nguyen.
Tiikhda: cdn bg, cdngchiic, nUgidi, binh idng mien Trung Tdy Nguyen
Abstract: Gender equality is one of the basic rights ani obligations cf Vietnamese citizens, specified in legal documents and international conventions to which Vietnam is a signatory. Gender equality aims to ensure the rights of women in the fields of politics, economy, labor, education, health and righteousness in their families. The article clarifies the issue of building a contingent of female cadres and civil servants as an important solution to implement gender equality in polities based on data analysis in the Central and Central Highlands regions.
Keywords: officials, civil servants, women, equality. Central, Tay Nguyen Ngdynhdn bdi: 05/9/2019 NgdysUabdi: 15/9/2019 Ngay duyet ddng: 25/9/2019 Trong qua trinh lanh da o each mang binh dang gidi, theo Quyet dinh sd 2351/
nfldc ta, Dang ludn ludn quan tam den QD-TTg ngay 24/12/2010 cua Ihu tfldng quyin tham chinh cia phu nfl trong bd chinh phi da xac dinh. Chiln Iflgc Qudc may quan ly xa hdi, nham thflc hien quyen gia ve binh dang gidi giai doan 2011 -2020, binh dang gidi tren linh vfle chinh tri. Cu ma mdt trong nhflng muc tieu cia ehiln thehdachitrflongciaDang,Nhanfldc da Iflgc la nang cao quyin nang ehinh tri cho ban hanh nhieu chinh sach vl binh dang phu nfl bang each tang cfldng sfl tham gia gidi ndi chung va binh dang gidi trong linh cia phu nfl vao cac vi tri lanh dao, quan vfle ehinh tri ndi rieng. Luat Binh dang ly nham tflng bflde giam dSn khoang each gidi nam 2016 quy dinh ty le dai bieu nfl gidi trong linh vfle chinh tri (Muc tieu nay trong cac co quan dan efl va cac CO quan cd 3 chi tieu, trong dd chi tieu 1 la: Phan nha nfldc phu hgp vdi mue tilu qudc gia ve dau dat ty le nfl tham gia cac cap i y Dang
" PGS. TS. Hoc vien Chinh tri Khu vifc III
__ \_ Tap chi Khoa hgc Ngi vu I 61
} KINH NGHliM - THl/C TliN / / / nhiem ky 2016 - 2021 tfl 25% trd lln; ty- le nfl dai bieu Qude hdi, dai bil'u HDND nhilm ky 2016-2021 tren 35%. Ludt Bau efl Qude hdi va HDND nam 2015 cflng quy dinb: Bao dam cd it nbat 35% tdng sd ngfldi trong danh sacb chinh thflc nhflng ngfldi fl ng efl dai bieu Qude bdi vd dai bieu HDND Id nfl).
Cflng vdi quan dil m, chu trfldng eua Ddng va cbinb sach, phap luat eua Nbd nfldc, xa hdi, gia d inh, ngfldi than, cd quan, ddn vi quan tdra tao mpi dieu kiln eho lao dpng nfl phan dau hpc tap, ren luyen dl nhilu ehi em ed cd hdi dflpe bd nhiem, dl bat, thang tien. Dd la dieu kien thuan lpi cbo qua trinh thfle hien quyin binh dang ve ehinh tri cfla phu nfl ndi ehung va phu nfl DTTS ndi riing.
1. Anh hfldng cua yeu td lich sfl, van hda truyen thdng din binh dang gidi ve chinh tri viing DTTS mien Trung va Tdy Nguyen
Ddng bao eac DTTS efl trfl d vflng mien nui cde tinb duyen bai mien Trung va Tdy Nguyen gdm 20 ddn tpc thude hai he Mdn - Khmer vd Nara Dao. Day la dia bdn ed vi tri quan trpng chiln Iflpc ve kinh te, chinh tri, qudc phdng trong qua trinh phat trien cfla dat nfldc.
Dae dil ra ndi bat trong boat ddng kinh te cfla eae DTTS miln Trung va Tay Nguyen la vai trd to ldn vd ehi phdi cua ngfldi phu nfl vi eae DTTS tai ehd d vung ndy da sd cae dan tde theo ehl dp mau he (E Dl, Gia Rai, M'ndng, K'bo, Chu Ru, Ba Na...). Du hinh thfle td chfle gia ^ n h tbeo mau he, bay song be, ngfldi phu nfl DTTS
ed quyin nang rat ldn, tfl vile chfl ddng
"efldi chdng", con cdi mang hp me, quyin dfldc thfla ke tai sdn, quylt dinb mua sam nhflng thfl ed gia tri ldn trong nha (dat liii, trdu bd...). Quyen Ifle cfla ngfldi phu nfl eung di liln vdi traeh nhiem, nghia vu lam mpi viee trong gia dinh tfl cham sdc con edi, ndi trd, nau nfldng dai lam nfldng, lay cfli, tbu hoach mua mang... Do dd, ngfldi dan dng trong gia dinh mac nhien eoi viee eon cai, nbd cfla, nfldng rdy Id eua ngfldi phu nfl. Ganh nang eon eai, cdng vile gia dinh da khien ngfldi phu nfl DTTS khdng cdn thdi gian de tham gia cde edng vile cdng ddng, xa hpi, khdng cd tbdi gian dl tbam gia hdi hpp, giao lflu, bpc tap nang eao kien thfle, ky nang lao ddng, san xuat, chdm sde eon eai, lam kinh t l gia dinh...
Mat kbde, dia ban eae xa dae biet khd khan cua miln Trung vd Tdy Nguyen hien nay deu xa trung tdm, giao thdng khd khan, ed sd ha tang cdn nhieu yeu kem, dieu kiln tilp can vdi thdng tin kinh te, xa hdi cdn nhieu ban ehl da dan din mdt sd dae trflng tam ly, thdi quen, tinh each eua phu nfl DTTS la khdng thao tieng phd thdng, ngai giao tilp, khdng raudn di xa ra khdi cpng ddng; ddng khung kbdng gian sdng trong budn/lang dan d i n ban chl trong trinh dp hpe van, tiep can edc dich vu xa hdi, tiep can cai mdi. VcA nhflng dac dilm ve tam ly, thdi quen nhfl tren, dl phdt huy vai trd cfla phu nfl DTTS vao phdt trien kinh tl-xa hdi d edng ddng, dia phfldng ndi ehung va trong linh vfle chinh tri ndi rieng, can cd mdt phfldng phdp, ndi dung, cdch thflc khae vdi phu nfl DTTS d nhflng dia ban khdng khd khdn; cung nhu so vdi phu nfl ngfldi Kinh.
62 I Tap ehi Khoa hgc Ndi vu
V \ \ KINH NGHliM-THI/C TIJN ' Ve td ehflc quan ly xa hdi, budn, lang
(plei, pldi, budn, ldng,...) la hinh thflc thilt chl xa hdi eua cdng xd ndng thdn kieu phfldng Ddng dfla trin nin ndng nghiip nfldng ray. Day la td chfle xa hdi mang tinb tfl quan, tfldng ddi hoan chinh, tfldng ddi dpc lap va khep kin vl khu vfle efl tru va canh tac [4]. Sfl tdn tai cfla budn lang theo mpt thiet chl gdm: the ehl quyin Ifle, cd chl dan chu, luat tuc-quy tae van banh xa hdi vdi nhflng dac diem sau:
- Quyen Iflc trong npi bd tflng budn lang diu van hdnh theo cd cbe dan chu.
"Chfl lang" la ngfldi ed quyin Iflc va uy tin, nhflng khdng phai la ngfldi ddc quyin, chuyin quyin ddi vdi mpi viec to nhd cua ldng, md ehi la ngfldi d dn ddc mpi nha trong budn thfle hien nhflng quyet dinh cua tap the cac gia lang. Vile lfla ebon ngfldi thfl linh (gid ldng, chfl lang, trfldng budn) cua tflng dan tde, tuy CO khac nhau, nhflng thfldng cd nhflng tilu ehuan ehung: Id ngfldi cd uy tin ldn dfldc cdng ddng nhiera, suy tdn vi tudi tde cao, cd cdng lao, dao dflc; cd tri thflc, am hieu rdng, ddy dan kinh nghiem sdng vd san xuat; ed ndng Iflc that sfl de dan dat, doan kit bd may tfl quan budn lang; nang Iflc va tfl each eua ngfldi dflng dau budn quyet di nh uy tin va sfl thfla nhan eua eong ddng.
- Cd ehe quan ly, die u hanh xa hdi truyen thdng doe dao vdi vai trd cua gia lang. Gia lang chinh la nhflng ngfldi cd tri thfle toan dien nhat, uyen bae nhat, tich tu dflpe nhieu kinh nghiem nbat trong ddi sdng gifla mdt thiin nhien vfla bao dung vfla khac nghiet, gifla mpt xa hpi vfla bdi
hda vfla gay gat vdi cae chuyen biln lich sfl, lai la nhflng ngfldi ed dflc dp cao. Id nhflng bac bien triet cfla budn lang. Xa hdi ede DTTS miln Trung va Tdy Nguyen trong sudt lich sfl Idu dai da dflpe quan ly, dilu hdnh bet sflc bilu qua bdi mdt tang Idp gia lang, ma theo ngdn ngfl ngay nay, ed thi gpi dd la nhflng bac tri thfle ddc ddo cfla budn lang. Gid ldng la nhdm ngfldi ed uy tin trong cdng ddng thi hiln qua kha nang phan anh ehflc nang duy tri, bdo tdn phong tue tdp quan, van hda ddn tde.
- Ludt tue la quy tae, quy dinh vl cP chl van banh trong xd bdi, la cdng cu dl giai quyet mpi cdng viec cfla budn lang, dieu ehinh mpi quan he trong mdt edng ddng nhdt dinb: quan he gifla eon ngfldi vdi eon ngfldi, gifla eon ngfldi vdi thiin nhien, mdi trfldng, gifla eon ngfldi dang sdng vdi nbau va gifla eon ngfldi vdi the gidi than linh, gifla eon ngfldi trong mdt tde cung nhfl tbudc cde tde khac nhau, trong do the hien quyin binh dang cfla ngfldi phu nfl trong xa hdi.
Nhflng net phac thao trin cbo thay, cac DTTS miln Trung vd Tdy Nguyln tuy trinh dp phat trien xa hdi cao thap khde nbau, nhflng ve ed ban, cac hinh thflc td chfle quan ly xa hdi edn dang d giai doan thap, chfla the hien rd dac diem quan ly nhd nfldc. Trai qua nhflng biln ddng thang tram cfla lich sfl, thilt ehe xa hdi ed truyin (budn lang, the chl quyin Iflc, cd cbe dan chfl, luat tuc) van tdn tai vd phdt huy tde dung nhfl la mdt hang sd van hda cfla sfl phat trien. Day la nhflng yeu td tde ddng din sfl binh dang gidi ndi ehung va binh dang vl ehinh tri, trong dd ed quyin tham Tap ehi Khoa hgc Ngi vu | 63
I KINH NGHliM - THU'C TIEN / / / chinh ndi riing cua phu nfl ede DTTS d railn Trung vd Tdy Nguyln.
2. Thflc trang binh dang gidi ve chinh tri viing DTTS mien Trung, Tay Nguyln Cae DTTS d vung mien Trung va Tay Nguyen, trflde nam 1975, dfl theo chl dp gia dinh mau he hay song he, vai trd cfla phu nfl trong gia d inh vd phan nao ngoai xa hdi diu dflpe tdn trpng bdn hoae binh dang so vdi nam gidi. Trong bai eupc kbdng ehiln chdng Phap va chdng My, dodn kit dfldi sfl lanh dao cfla Dang, phu nfl cae DTTS d vung mien Trung vd Tay Nguyen da ke vai sat cdnh cung nam gidi ddng gdp sflc ngfldi, sflc cfla vao sfl nghiip dau tranh gianh doe lap. Trong bdn 30 nam ddi mdi, phu nfl cdc DTTS da ddng gdp cdng sflc, tri tue vdo sfl nghiip xdy dflng bao ve que hfldng.
Thflc biln chfl trflpng cbinb sacb binh dang gidi ve chinh tri cfla Dang va Nha nfldc, cde dia phfldng d railn Trung va Tay Nguyen quan tdm din viee ddo tao, bdi dfldng cdn bd, edng ehflc la nfl ngfldi cdc DTTS.
Kon Tum la tinb cd ty le phu nfl thara gia cbinb tri kha cao. Nbieu CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS trfldng thanb, dara nhdn eae ehflc vu cao trong ed quan Dang va ed quan Nhd nfldc d Trung fld ng vd dia phfldng nhfl ddng ehi Y Pah (Y Mdt) (1939-2004), ngfldi ddn toe Gie - Triing ddu tien gifl ehflc vu Phd Chfl tich Qudc hdi (khda VII tfl 1981-1988). Uyvien Trung fldng Dang, phd Bi thfl Tinh uy Kon Tum; ddng ehi Y Veng la ngfldi phu nfl dan tde Xd Dang dau tien d Tdy Nguyen gifl chfle vu Uy
vien Trung fldng Dang (Kbda X), Bi thfl Tinh fly tfl nam 2004-2010, Trfldng doan Qude bdi tinb Kon Tum, kbda XI va khda XII. Din nhiem ky tfl nam 2015 - 2020, cd ddng cbi Y Mfli, Phd Bi thfl Thfldng trflc Tinh fly.
Theo sd lieu thdng ke, d tinh Kon Tum, ty 11 nfl dai bieu Qudc hdi khda XIV la 33,3%, dufng thfl 2 trong kbu vfle (sau tinb Ldm Ddng cd ty 11 Id 42,9%); ty le nfl dai bieu HDND cac cap dfl ng dau khu vfle Tay Nguyen d ca ba cap (ty 11 phu nfl Id dai bil'u Qude bdi 33,33%; dai bieu HDND cap tinh 34%, cap huyen 30,82%, cap xa 27,09%); ty 11 nfl tham gia cap fly Dang nhiem ky 2010-2015 chiira 16,61%, trong dd, cap tinh 12,73%, cap huyen 15,46%, cap xa 21,88%. Dac biet, nhflng vi tri lanh dao chfl chot cfla tinh, huyen deu ed CBCC nfl, cac co quan chinh quyin, sd, ngdnh cd nfl tham gia ban lanh da o dat ty 11 cao, trong dd cap tinh 42,10%, cap huyen 44,44%; eae eO quan ddng ehilm 24,19%; eae doan the chilm 28,34% [4].
O tinh Dak Lak, phdn tich ed eau Ban chap hanh Dang bd tinb nhiem 2015-2020 eho thay, trong sd 56 fly vien Ban chap banh, ed 16 fly vien vd ngfldi DTTS, ty le 28,57 %, trong dd ed 3 nfl, ty le 18,75% so uy vien ngfldi DTTS; tflpng tfl, trong sd 14 fly viln Ban thfldng vu ed 6 fly viln la ngfldi DTTS, ty 1142,86%, ed mdt nfl la fly vien thfldng vu, tyle 16,7% [41.
Tai Gia Lai, trong nhiem ky 2000-2005, trong sd 47 fly viln Ban ehdp hanh Dang bd tinb, ed 17 uy viln la ngUdi DTTS trong dd ed 3 nfl, ty le 17,65% so uy vien ngfldi DTTS; d i n nhiem ky 2005-2010 64 I Tap ehl Khoa hpc Ndi vu
\ \ \ KINH NGHIEM-THlfC TIEN
trong sd 49 i y vien BCH thi ed 13 uy viln la ngfldi DTTS. Trong dd cd 2 uy vien nfl, tyle 15,4% sd iiy vien ngfldi DTTS [1].
Trong cac ky bau efl, cac cap, nganh, Uy han MTTQ Viet Nam cac dia phfldng phdi hgp vdi Hdi Lien hilp Phu nfl eae cap td ehflc nhieu Idp tap huan trang bi cho cac flng c i vien nfl kiln thflc ve he thdng chinh tri, vl quy trinh bau efl, hfldng d5n xay dflng chflong trinh hanh ddng, trang hi ky nang tilp xuc efl tri va trinh bay chflong trinh hanh dgng... Nhd vay, ty le nfl tham chinh tang len rd rit. Cu the, flng efl dai bilu Qudc hdi khda XIV cia tinh Gia Lai ehilm 28,75%. Ty le nfl dai bilu HDND cac cap nhiem ky 2016-2021:
cap tinh la 28,75, cap huyen, thi xa, thanh pho la 27,56%; c£p xa, phfldng, thi tran la 26,65%. Ty le nfl tham gia cac cap uy dang d cap tinh chiem 14,55%, cap huyen chilm 15,73%, cap xa chiem 17,6% [5].
Quyin binh dang vl chinh tri cua phu nfl cac DTTS thi hien qua sd lieu thdng kl so dang vien nfl, dang vien ngfldi DTTS d cac tinh vung Tay Nguyln. Cac dia phfldng quan tam phat trien dang trong ddng bao cae DTTS ndi chung va phu nfl noi rieng. Theo sd heu cia Vu Xay dflng He thdng chinh tri thude Ban Chi dao Tay Nguyen (trflde day), tai thdi diem thang 5-2016, toan vung cd 205.986 dang vien ,trong d d, dang vien nfl ehiln 33,02%, dang vien ngfldi DTTS chiem 18,21% [2].
Dedao tao ngudn nhan Iflc (ddi ngu tri thflc khoa hgc va cdng nghe, ddi ngu CBCC lanh dao, quan ly) cho cac DTTS Tay Nguyen, tfl sau ngay giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nfldc, Dang va Nha
nfldc da thanh lap Trfldng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen. Day chinh la noi tao ngudn can bd, DTTS ndi ehung va ddi ngu CBCC nfl ndi riing. Din nay rat d dng CBCC lanh dao cap tinh, cap huyen, eac sd, ban, nganh ndi chung va CBCC nfl ndi rieng tren dia ban Tay Nguyen dflgc dao tao tfl Dai hgc Tay Nguyen.
Trong nhieu linh vfle khac nhfl kinh te, tai chinh ngan hang, thdng ke, kien true, xay dflng, giao thdng van tai,... trflde day khdng ed hoac rat hiem tri thflc ngfldi DTTS thi nay nhilu cd quan, doanh nghiep tren dia ban d a ehi trong tilp nhan ngudn nhan Iflc tri thflc tre la con em cac DTTS den edng tac. Ngan hang Dau tfl va Phat trien Dak Lak da tilp nhan 10 efl nhan DTTS vl cdng tac. H'Trfldng Nil sinh nam 1977 la eon gai mdt gia dinh tri thflc E De d budn All B, Thanh Budn Ma Thudt sau khi tdt nghiep Dai hge Sfl pham Van lai lam tdt vai trd ke toan trflde khi ghi danh hge them chflong trinh dai hgc tai ehflc kinh t l Dep ngfldi dep net, giau long tfl trgng, ludn hoan thanh xuat sac nhiem vu vdi tinh than trach nhiem eao, ehi sau vai nam cdng tac, H'Trflong da dflgc 100% ddng nghiep tin nhiem dl bat len chfle phd phdng dich vu khach hang. Em Y Nguyen, tdt nghiep nganh kl toan, trong thdi gian chd viec, tring tayen Idp cao hgc Kinh t l Ndng lam, dflgc nhan hgc bdng cia Hdi Doanh nghiep tre va Ngan hang Ngoai thflong Dak Lak.
CBCC ngfldi DTTS tre cd y thflc phan dau lam viec va hgc tap nang cao trinh do mdt each tfl giac, nghiem tie trong mdi quan he hoan toan binh dang vdi mgi Tap chi Khoa hgc Ngi vir I 65
I KINH NCHIEM - THI/C TliN tit ddng nghiep khae. Vi vay kha nang va chat Iflpng edng tae eua dpi ngfl tri thflc tre ngfldi cac DTTS ve co bdn ddm bao yeu eau cfla vi tri cdng vile dflpe giao [31.
Sd lieu thdng ke eho thay, hiln nay, phu nfl eac DTTS dmien Trung vd Tdy Nguyln dang cd xu hfldng tham gia ngay cang sdu rdng hon vao eac linb vfle cfla ddi sdng xa hdi. Ddng gdp cfla chi em vao qua trinh phdt trien da dflpe khang dinh ngay cdng rd vdi nhflng kit qud ndi bdt. Phu nfl da dan tfl chu hdn vl kinh tl, trong linh vfle cbinb tri, tieng ndi eua hp ngay edng dflpc lang nghe nhilu bdn.
Ben canh, vai trd tich cfle, quyin binh dang gidi vl chinh tri cua phu nfl DTTS d mien nui ede tinh miln Trung va Tay Nguyln cdn rapt sd ban ehe, bdt cap.
Phu nfl eae DTTS vdn cdn rdt nbieu khd khan, trd ngai kbi tham gia vdo ddi sdng ehinh tri ehu yeu do cac di nb kiln vd quan nilm van hda da ed tfl Idu ddi lien quan de n vai trd eua phu nfl, trong d d, traeh nhilm gia dinh van dflde coi la yeu to can trd nbieu nhat ddi hdi phu nfl phai vflpt qua. Theo thdng ke, 11 tinb trong khu vfle Tdy Nguyln va railn Trung khdng ed tinh nao ed ty le nfl dai bieu HDND cap xd dat 30%.
Dpi ngfl CBCC DTTS bien nay d ang cdng tac tai cap xa ehi dat 28% so vdi tdng so CBCC cap xa hiln cd d edc vflng DTTS.
Cde ehflc danh chinh dam nhan trong hi thdng Ddng, ehinh quyen, eae ban, ngdnh, doan the cua cap xa chiem ty le thap, cde xd vung kbd khan vdn phai dieu ddng va sfl dung can bd tang cfldng tfl noi khac
66 I Tap ehi Khoa hgc Ndi vu
tdi. Neu so vdi nhflng nam trflde ddy, sd Ifldng tuy ed tang bdn, nhflng nhin chung van edn rat thieu, dae bilt la eac xa thudc vflng 3, vflng khdng ehiln kbd khan. Cae chfle danh cdng ehflc chuyen mdn d eae xa vflng nay da sd khdng ed ngfldi DTTS (cbi dat ty le khoang 8%). Thfle t l CBCC ngfldi DTTS cap xa, dfl da dfldc cdi thien nhflng dilu bat cap van thdy rd la: tuoi binh qudn cao; thilu trinh dp ehuyin radn nghiep vu va quan ly Nha nfldc; nhu eau dao tao, bdi dfldng nang cao kiln thflc Id rdt ldn. Cdn CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS cdng tae tsii xd chi cd 6.324 ngfldi chilm 13,1% trin tdng sd can bd, edng ehflc ngfldi DTTS. Cd mdt sd DTTS rat it ngfldi nhfl: Brdu, Rd mam...
chfla ed CBCC nfl.
Cd nbilu nguyen nhdn dan dl n ban che, bat cap, trong d d, cd nguyln nhan cbinb sdeh va thfle hiln chinh sacb.
Cd the thay sfl thilu vang dai dien phu nfl ngfldi DTTS nam trong nhflng khd khan ehung eua ddi ngu CBCC nfl va can bd ngfldi DTTS ve sd vd chat Iflpng. Phu nfl it tham gia trong fly ban nhan dan eae cap dia phfldng va hau nhfl tap trung trong cde td chfle doan the nhan dan nhfl Hdi Phu nfl, Hdi Ndng dan.
Tyle CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS thap, mpt phan Id do tdng sd CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS vd sd CBCC nfl tai edc dia phUdng rat thap. Cd the thdy sfl liln he mat thilt gifla trinh dp hpe vdn thap, ty le rafl chfl eao va sfl thieu vang trong cae vi tri quan ly cfla ngfldi DTTS ndi ehung vd CBCC nfl DTTS ndi riing. Nghien cflu thuc dia hai tinh Dak Lak va Gia Lai cho thay, trfl mdt vdi vi tri trong Hdi Phu nfl d dia phfldng
\ \ V KINH NGHliM - THI/C TIEN ' thi hdu nhfl phu nfl DTTS vang bdng
trong cae ban, ngdnh. 6 huyen Dflc Co, Gia Lai la mot huyen vung sau, vflng xa, ed ddng bdo DTTS, ty le phu nfl ed vile lam dat 47%, nhflng cung chi ed 1-2 CBCC nfl ngfldi Gia Rai, chfl yeu phu trach cdc boat dpng cfla Hdi Phu nfl. O tinb Dak Ndng, theo so lieu cua xa Dak Som va xa Dak Ha, sd can bd phu nfl tham gia cdng tae xd hdi ehi chilm chfla ddy 10% [2].
Sfl thilu vang cfla nfl DTTS trong hdng ngu lanh da o, quan ly, mdt phan la do nb|n thflc vl vai trd eua binh dang gidi. O nhieu dia phflpng, ldnh dao cde nganh, eae cap eho rang "gidi" dflpe dung de ndi ve van dl cfla phu nfl chfl khdng phai ndi vl mdi quan be gifla nam vd nfl, bay dat van de lam the nao de quan be gifla nam va nfl binh dang hdn. Dieu nay cflng dflde the hien qua eac bao cao cua cae ban, nganh, doan the cap tinh, cap huyen va cap xa.
Vi du "Dl an giam ngheo tinh Dak Ndng giai doan 2007-2010" va "Quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh tl-xa bdi tinh Dak Nong d i n nam 2020" cfla UBND tinb eung kbdng hi thay muc tieu hay phflpng hfldng nao ben quan din van dl nay.
d Gia Lai, Ludt Binh dang gidi mdi dflng lai d vile phd bien tai eae cdp tinh, xudng huyln va xa. Viec trien khai thflc hien Luat Binh dang gidi trong thfle tien con chdm, vi vay, sfl ban chl eua phu nfl trong viee tham gia vdo eae cd quan dan efl d tinb Gia Lai khdng ban do khdng du nang Iflc ma edn do nhieu yeu td thudc vl nhan thfle gidi va eac nguyen nhdn khdch quan khae. Tai Hdi nghi trflc tuyen vl thflc hien cdng tae binh dang gidi vi sfl tiln bd
phu nfl d Gia Lai, dng Kpa Thuyen- Phd Chu tieh UBND tinh, Trfldng ban Vi sfl tiln bd phu nfl tinh Gia Lai, eho rang:
"Hien nay, phu nfl ehu ddng, tfl tin hdn trong lanh da o, quan ly. Tuy nhien, van de edng tac can bd, cdng chfle nfl va binh dang gidi trong xa hdi ehfla phat trien ddng deu. Phu nfl lam edng tae lanh dao, quan ly thfldng gap nbieu khd khan, rao can kbi ma nhflng di nh kien mang tInh khdch quan vd chu quan ve phu nfl lam ldnh dao vdn edn tdn tai. Thdi gian qua, nhilu ngfldi van mac nhien coi boat ddng ehinh tri ehi hpp vdi nam gidi vd thfldng danh gia thap kha nang cua phu nfl trong linh vfle nay. Song nhin tfl thfle tedanh gid hieu qua khi CBCC nfl dfl ng vai trd lanh dao, CBCC nfl dflpe danh gia cao bdi tinh than trach nhiem, sfl tan tuy, edng tdm, than trpng, mem deo trong giai quylt edng viee vd kha nang thuyet phuc eao..."
[5].
Chinh sach ho trd binh dang gidi vl chinh tri ddi hdi phai giai quyet dflgc bai toan tang ty le dai bieu nfl trong co quan dan ci tai vung DTTS va mien nfli la mdt van dl nan giai. Song thflc tien cho thay, viec sdm ed he thdng ca che, chinh sach vl binh dang gidi la rat can thilt de giam thiet thdi va tao ca hdi nhieu hon cho phu nfl tham gia vao cac hoat ddng chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hgi, gdp phSn xay dflng dat nfldc.
3. Cac giai phap xiy ditng dgi ngii can bg, cdng ehflc niii, bao dam quyen binh dang gidi ve chinh tri d vung dto tgc thieu sd miln Trung va Tay Nguyln
Bao dam quyin binh dang gidi ve chinh Tap chi Khoa hgc N6i vu | 67
I KINH NGHliM - THI/C TliNltt tri ddi vdi eac DTTS, thfle chat Id tao dieu kiln va bao ddm quyen tbam chinh cfla phu nfl cdc DTTS, Id sfl the biln nguyln tae binh dang trong cbinb sacb ddn tde cfla Dang. Vi vdy, dao tao, bdi dfldng dpi ngu can bd, cdng ehflc nfl ngfldi DTTS bdo dam quyin tbam ehinh cfla phu nfl ede DTTS, phat huy vai trd phu nfl eac DTTS trong qudn ly xd hdi. De thflc hien dflpc quyin tham cbinb eua phu nfl cde DTTS, can thflc hiln tot mdt sd giai phdp sau:
Thd nhdt, qudn triet quan die ra, ehu trfldng cfla Dang, ehinh sach, phdp ludt cfla Nhd nfldc trong can bd, dang viln va nhdn ddn ve vi tri, vai trd, cdc quyin cua ngfldi phu nfl trong phdt trien xa bdi, dac biet la trong quan ly xa hdi ehinh thflc va phi chinh thfle, trong dd, quan ly cfla hi thdng chinh tri ed vai trd quyet dinb, cdn quan ly xa hdi phi chinh thflc cd vai trd hd trp, tfl do cd chinh sdeh va tao dieu kien eho phu nfl eae DTTD thflc hien quyen tham cbinb;
Thd hai, td chfle va thfle hien mdt each ddng bd, thdng nhat cdc quan dilm eua Dang, ehinh sdch eua Nha nfldc vl phat tril'n dpi ngfl can bd lanh dao, quan ly nfl dflpe quy dinh trong Nghi quyet sd 11- NQ/TW ngay 27/4/2007 eua Bd Chinh tri (Kbda X) ve cdng tac phu nfl thdi ky day manh edng nghiep hda, bien dai hda dat nfldc; Ludt Binh dang gidi vd Chien Iflpc qude gia ve binh dang gidi giai doan 2011- 2020;
Cdn eu the hda mang tinb dinh Ifldng cbinb sdeh ve binh dang gidi trong edng tac lanh dao, quan ly nhfl xay dflng cac ehi tieu cu the ve tyle CBCC nfl trong cdc khdu
cfla quy trinh can bd tfl tuyen dung, quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dfldng, luan chuyen, bd nhiem. Cde van ban hfldng ddn vl ed eau nhdn sfl trong eae ky dai hdi, hoac bdu efl da xae dinb chi tilu, ty le can bd, cdng chfle nfl can dat dfldc, song thieu eac quy dinh ty 11 CBCC nfl trong quy hoach, nen dia phfldng rat kbd dat dflpe ehi tieu de ra do ty 11 nfl flng efl vien, ty le nfl trong quy hoach thdp, bang hoae ehi cao hdn mdt chut so vdi ehi tieu can dat dflpc.
Dl tao ngudn CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS ddi hdi phai phat trien giao due vd dao tao, tilp tuc thflc hien cbinb sdeh flu tiln efl tuyin ddi vdi ngfldi DTTS ndi chung va nfl DTTS ndi riing vao eae trfldng dai hpc, cao dang, trfldng nghe;
Cd chinb sdch fl u tien trong tuyen dung, d do tao, bdi dfldng CBCC ngfldi DTTS ndi ehung va CBCC nfl DTTS ndi rieng phfl hdp vdi da c die m tflng vung, tflng dan tde;
Thd ba, ke thfla va phdt huy vai trd eua the thi quan Iy xa hdi phi cbinb thfle cfla phu nfl DTTS dehd trp cbo he thdng quan ly xd hdi cbinb thflc trong phat tril'n kinh t l - xa hdi va cung cd an ninh chinh tri vflng Tdy Nguyen; tdn trpng, lang nghe vd di sau di sat phu nfl; phat huy vai trd eua phu nfl d ede lang ed ddng ddng bdo tdn giao. Cd giai phap, ehinh sacb dae thu kl thfla va phat buy vai trd cua phu nfl ndi riing va cde nhdm xd hdi dae thfl DTTS ndi cbung;
Thd td, xay dflng dpi ngu can bp lanh dao, quan ly nfl, bao dam quyen tham chinh cfla phu nfl cdc DTTS ndi rieng vd
I Tap chi Khoa hgc Ngi vu
\ V \ KINH NGHIEM-THlfC TIEN I
thflc hiln quyen binh dang gidi ndi chung la trach nhiem cua he thdng chinh tri ma trflc tilp la cap iy, ehinh quyin va eac td chfle chinh tri-xa hdi d dia phfldng. Cac cap iy dang, chinh quyin, cac td chfle chinh tri-xa hdi can qnan triet sau sac quan diem, muc tieu edng tae CBCC nfl trong vung DTTS nham nang cao nhan thflc, traeh nhiem nham tao bflde chuyen biln rd ret trong cdng tac can bdi nfl trong DTTS.
CSp iy Dang cac cap phai phat huy vai trd trong ehi dao cdng tac can bd, quan tam den edng tac phat trien dang, tao ngudn, dao tao, sfl dvmg phfl hgp vdi nang Iflc, ddng viln va phat huy vai trd cia CBCC nfl ngfldi DTTS trong cdng tac xa hgi.
Chinh quyen dia phfldng dau tfl, tao dieu kiln vat chat eho cac hoat ddng cia cd quan thflc day binh dang gidi.
Hdi Lien hiep Phu nfl cac cap can xuat phat tfl dac diem mSu he va song he dexay dflng cac hinh thflc sinh hoat va hoat ddng phu hgp cho doan thi phu nfl DTTS. Tang cfldng cdng tac bdi dfldng nang cao nhan thflc va kiln thflc ve ehinh tri, kinh te, xa hgi, tfl dd, cd nhflng kiln nghi, giai phap chinh sach vl binh dang gidi ndi chung va binh dang trin linh vfle chinh tri ndi rieng, bao dam thdng nhat, ddng chieu, hai hda, hd trd nhau, gdp phan dl phu nfl DTTS hdi nhap, hda nhap, lam chu ban than, gia dinh, xa hdi va cung hfldng tdi mue tilu phat trien xa hdi ben vflng.
Thii ndm, eung vdi sfl quan tam, giflp dd cua toan xa hdi, ban than phu nfl va
ddi ngu ngfldi CBCC nfl DTTS cung phai khac phue tfl tfldng an phan, rao can gia dinh, vflgt qua nhflng dinh kiln xa hdi, tich cfle tham gia vao cac hoat ddng xa hdi, phSn dau vflon len dap flng ylu cau cia qua trinh quan kinh tl-xa hdi va cdng ddng;
Thu sdu, cac chinh sach ve phat triln khi trien khai d vung DTTS miln Trung va Tay Nguyen can chu y long ghep cae dieu khoan, ndi dung dac thi flu tien va hd trg phu nfl DTTS tren cac linh vfle; day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen binh dang gidi ndi chung va binh dang gidi ve chinh tri ndi rieng cho phu nfl cac DTTS.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Ban Chap hanh Dang bd tinh Gia Lai (2009), Lich sUDdng bg Gia Lai (1945- 2005), Nxb Chinh tri qude gia. Ha Ndi, tr.821-824
2. Ban Chi dao lay Nguyen - Vu Xdy dung He thdng chinh tri (2016), Bilu sd lieu td chfle co sd dang va dang vien ving Tay Nguyln din thang 5/2016
3. Hoang Thien Nga: "Tri thflc tre dan tgc thilu sd Tay Nguyen: Cqnh tranh de tU tin", Viet bao, Thfl 6, ngay 18/2/2005
4. Nguyen Thi Bich Thu (2016), "Vai tro ciia phu nit ddn tgc thieu so khu vifc Tdy Nguyen trong phdt triln kinh te - xd hdi nhin tU trUdng hdp tinh Ldm Bdng". http//
giaoducvaxahoi.vn, cap nhat thfl Nam, ngay 27/10/2016
5. https://www.baogialai.com.vn, ngay 06/3/2017
Tap chi Khoa hge Ndi vu I 69
