MQT S 6 UNG DVNG CUA HltN VI D A U D 6 QVtT
(SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY) TRONG NGHIEN ClTU SINH HOC Duong Chi Diing, Huynh Luang Nghia
Hgc vign Kp thugt Qudn su
Tdm tdt
Phuong phdp hiin vi quang hgc tu Idu dd dugrc sir dung rgng rdi trong cdc phong till nghiem sinh hgc. Tuy nhien dg phdn gidi cua hiin vi quang hgc bf giai hgn bdi hi^n tugrng nhieu xg dnh sdng. Chinh vi vgy, di quan sdt hay tdc dgng lin cdc td chu-c sinh hgc a cdp dg phdn tu (kich thuac nano), hiin vi quang hgc khdng ddp img dugrc yeu cdu dgt ra.
Trong nhimg ndm tra lai ddy, nguai ta sir dung phuang phdp hiin vi ddu dd quit.
Ddy Id mgt phuomg tign khdng thi thieu trong linh vuc cong ngh? nano ndi chung vd trong sinh hgc phdn tu ndi riing. N6 cho phep khdng chi quan sdt vdt thi vai dg phdn gidi nano, thdm chi din mice phdn tiir, md cdn cho phep tdc dgng true tiip lin vdt the thong qua ddu do.
p 9 y
Hem nira, khong nhu hiin vi diin tu, phucmg phdp hiin vi ddu dd quit cdn cho phep nghien ciru cdc to chuc sinh hgc a trgng thdi tu nhiin, kliong cdn chdn khong hay ma phd nhu hiin vi diin tu.
Hien vi ddu dd quit la mgt hg cdc logi thiit bi hiin vi sic dung cdc logi ddu dd sieu
y 9 9
nhgn (kich thuac ddu dd thay doi kliodng vdi trdm cho din vdi chuc, thgm chi Id mgt vdi nano met) di nghiin cu:u hinh dgng vd cdc tinh chdt vgt ly klidc nliau cda bi mat vgt the. Ddu do
9 9 y , .
hoac vgt thi dugrc gdn vai phdn tic dp diin (piezoelectric element) vd cd the thay doi vi tri vdi buac dich chuyen rdt nho caAngstrem trong khong gian 3 chiiu thong qua viec thay ddi dien dp ddt len phdn tic dp diin. Trong qud trinh quit, kliodng cdch giita ddu do vd bi mat vgt mdu duac gid: cd dinh bang cdch sir dung tuang tdc vgt ly ndo dd giira ddu dd vd vdt mdu (Vi du ddng diin duomg hdm, tuang tdc luc nguyin tir,...). Chdng lign tuang tdc do dugrc dac tnmg bai thong so vgt ly P, thi trong qud trinh ldm viic, di$n dp dgt lin phdn tu dp dien se duac diiu chinh sao cho tham sd P Id kliong ddi. Khi dd su thay ddi cda di?n dp ddt len phdn tie dp diin sephdn dnh hinh dgng cua bi mat vgt thi [1].
Vdi khd ndng phdn gidi cao (nanometer), hiin vi ddu dd quit da duac img dung vd ma ra nhiiu triin vgng trong nghiin ciru sinh hgc nhu nghiin ciru ti bdo, vius, ADN, protein,...
I. HIEN VI QUET D A U D 6 L U C NGUYEN TU •.: -.,-
Nhu da ndi d tren, hien vi quel dau dd la mgt he cac loai hien vi khac nhau, duu tren cac tuang tac khac nhau giiia dau do va be mat vat can quan sat. Trong do, hiln vi luc nguyen tii (Atomic force microscope, vilt tdt Id AFM ) dya tren tuang tdc lye giira diu do va bl mat vat can quan sat. Id mdt trong nhiimg thiet bj hien vi dau dd quet dugc sir dyng rgng rai nhit, ddc bift Id trong ITnh vyc sinh hgc.
AFM ciing dugc chia thanh nhilu loai khdc nhau. tuy nhien, trong pham vi bdi vilt nay, chung tdi se gidi thifu thiet bj hiln vi diu dd qudt Nanoeducator vd cdc kit qud nghien ciiu dugc thyc hifn tren thilt bj ndy. Nanoeducator Id thilt bj do cdng ty NTMDT ciia Lien bang Nga sdn xuit. Nd chua phdi Id sdn phim cd dg phdn giai cao trong cdc sdn phim ciia cong ty, nhung cd gid thdnh re vd dugc trang bj cho cdc tmdng dai hgc. Tuy nhien, vdi do phan gidi cd vdi chuc nm, Nanoeducator dap iing dugc yeu ciu nghien ciiu cua nhilu ddi tugng, trong dd cd ITnh vyc nghien ciru sinh hgc.
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Mdt trong nhirng uu diem ciia Nanoeducator Id nd cd 2 che dg Idm vifc. Ngodi che do lye nguyen tir, nd cdn cd che do su dung hifu ung ddng difn dudng hdm. Ndi mdt cdch
y y m »
khdc, Nanoeducator Id tfch hgp cua 2 loai hien vi quet ddu dd Id hien vi lye nguyen tu vd hien
» 9 y \ -
vi ddng dudng ham (scanning tunneling microscope). Ddi vdi hien vi ddng dudng ham, ngudi
y m. y 9 -y .
ta ddt giiia vat the dan difn vd dau dd kim loai 1 hieu difn the. Khi khodng each giua dau do
y mm 9 9 y
vd be mat vat mau rat nhd, se xudt hifn ddng difn dudng ham chay qua chiing. Gid trj cua dong difn ndy ty If vdi khodng cdch vat mdu - dau dd. Do dd cd the xdc djnh bien dang be mat cua vat thdng qua ddng difn dudng ham.
Dau do
Hinh 1. Anh chup Nanoeducator vd sensor cd gdn dau dd
Theo quy dinh ciia nha san xuat, Nanoeducator sir dung dau dd kim loai dugc chl tao tir day kim loai Vonfram co dudng kfnh ban dau 100 pm. dugc vudt nhgn bang phuong phap an mon dien hoa. Diu do ducyc gdn vuong goc vdi mgt ong hinh tm lam tir tinh thi ap dien. Cac mat trong va ngoai ciia ong nay diu dugc ma dan dien, tuy nhien mat ngoai dugc ma tach ra thanh phin Ircn va phin dudi each dien vdi nhau. Ong hinh try dugc gan chat len 1 tim dl, va cac mat dugc ma cung dugc nli ra ngoai thanh ba cue 1, 2 va 3 (xem hinh 1) tuong img vdi mat ngoai phfa tren, mat trong va mat ngodi phfa dudi. Trong dd eye sd 2 thdng mach vdi dau do kim loai va dugc dat dien the bang 0.
Tai cue so 1, ngudi ta dat mgt dien the xoay chieu. khi dd do hifu ung thudn cua tinh thi dp dien, ong hinh tm se bi udn cong len tren vd xudng dudi mgt cdch lien tyc, tiic Id dao dgng len xuong ciia diu dd dugc hinh thdnh. Theo hifu img dp dien nghjch, tai eye dien so 3 xuit hien dien thi, gia trj ciia nd ty If thuan vdi bien dg dao ddng ciia ddu dd.
Khi tiln hanh do, ngudi ta cho dau dd dao dgng cudng biirc tai tan sd cdng hudng, tiic Id dao ddng vdi bien do Idn nhat. Sau dd dau dd dugc dua tdi gan be mat vdt mau nhd dong CO budc va ban tga dg dp dien. Khi dau dd cam nhan dugc be mat vat mau, bien do dao dong cua dau dd se giam di va tfn hifu tai ddu ra, tire Id difn the ciia cue sd 3 ciing giam. Cdn cii vdo dd CO the dieu khien de khoang each giira ddu dd vd be mat vdt mdu Id khdng ddi. Khi do sy map md ciia be mat dugc bieu dien bdi dien the cua bdn tga do dp dien.
IL HIEN VI LUC NGUYEN TU* TRONG NGHIEN ClTU Y SINH
Phuang phdp hien vi lye phan tir ngay cang dugc img dung rdng rai trong sinh hoc, y hgc, vd dugc hgc. Hien vi luc nguyen tir cd nhieu uu diem so vdi hiln vi quang hgc hay hien vi difn tii. Thii nhat, nd cho phep thu dugc mgt each chdn thyc hinh dang ba chilu ciia be mat can nghien ciiu. Thiir hai, hien vi lye phan tir khdng ddi hdi vdt mau phdi dan dien.
Ngodi ra, cdc phep do cd the thyc hien khdng chi trong chan khdng. md cdn cd thi tiln hanh trong khdng khf, trong mdi tmdng khf bit ky, thdm chf trong mdi tmdng chit Idng. Dilu do la mgt uu diem Idn vd tao ra co hgi tuyft vdi cho vifc nghien ciiru cdc phan tiir hiiu ca vd cdc te bdo sdng.
Cdc phuang phap nghien ciiu ddi tugng sinh hgc vdi sy giup dd ciia hiln vi luc nguyen tir dugc chia ra thdnh 2 nhdm chfnh Id quan sat vdi do phan gidi cao vd ddnh gia ca tfnh dja phuang (tfnh dan hdi). Hien nay cdc phuomg phdp ndy da chirng minh dugc tfnh hieu qua cua minh trong ITnh vyc virut hgc irng dyng khi nghien ciiu tuomg tdc giira vimt vd tl bao,
xdc djnh vi khudn trong vi sinh hgc, nghien ciru cac loai te bao khac nhau trong tl bao hgc, va ca DNA, RNA, mo va tham chf la cd'c co quan sinh hgc [2-5]. Ben canh viec quan sat thi kha ndng phan tfch cac tfnh chat co hgc cho phep thyc hien cac nghien ciiu sau vl cac qua trinh cua te bdo, lam sang td cac ddc tfnh quan trgng nhu tfnh dan hIi, tfnh di dgng ciia cac Idp bl mat, tfnh bam dfnh, tfnh lien kit phan tir vd tTnh dien. Cd thi ndi rdng hien nay dang hinh thanh hudng nghien ciiu mdi trong ITnh vyc tl bdo hgc, dugc xdc djnh bdi thuat ngir "co hgc te bao" hay «KJieTOHHaH 3;iacToipa4)Hfl». Dd Id ten ggi cua cac phuang phap hiln thj cac ddc tfnh ddn hdi djch chuyen ciia cdc md sinh hgc mem. Chiing bd xung cho cac bifn phdp truyin thong giiip hien thj cdc md khdng ddng nhat, vd dugc coi Id trien vgng trong chin dodn cac loai bfnh khdc nhau. Ngdy nay 3nacTorpa$Ha da dugc ung dyng rdng rai trong thyc tl bdng each su dung phuang phdp sieu am. phuang phdp quang hgc hay phuang phdp cdng hudng tir
* ^ 9
hat nhan de thu nh^n vd phan tfch thdng tin ve cac tfnh chat co hgc cua ca quan vd md. Nhirng dii lifu thu dugc se dugc sii dyng trong trong cdc ITnh vyc khac nhau ciia y hgc nhu ung thu hgc, thin kinh hgc, ciy ghep. da lieu. .... Tuy nhien, d cip dg tl bdo. phdi nhd din khd ndng
9 y y ,
cua thiet bj hien vi qudt dau dd lye nguyen tir chiing ta mdi cd the thyc hifn KJieroHHaa anacTorpatj^Ha. Vifc ddnh gid cdc ddc trung ciia cau true vd te bdo vd modul ddn hdi cue bd
. ' ' 9 9
dugc quan tam xudt phdt tir quan diem nghien ciiu thyc nghifm tdc ddng ciia cdc yeu td gay bfnh hay cdc loai dugc lifu len te bdo, ddng thdi quan diem nghien ciiu ddng lye hgc cdc ddc tfnh CO hgc cua te bdo khi te bdo di cu, phan chia vd lao hda. Ngodi ra, trong qud trinh tuomg tac giiia dau dd va be mat, AFM cho phep do sy thay ddi lye bdm dfnh. Suy ra rdng, trong
y ^ n 9
truang hgp sii dung ddu dd thi'ch hgp cd the xdc djnh dugc vj tn cua cdc thy the hay cdc cau tnic khac tren be mat te bdo. Cdng nghf AFM cho phep hien thj khdng chi cdc phiic hgp khdc nhau ciia khang nguyen/khdng the mien dich, md cdn hien thj cdc phiic hgp protein [6-8].
Cdc nghien ciiu vdi sy trg giiip ciia hien vi quet dau dd dugc ti'ch eye thyc hifn tai phong thf nghifm cdc qud trinh nano vd cdng nghf nano cua Vifn nghien ciiu sy trao ddi nhift vd trao ddi chit mang ten A.V.Lykov cua Vifn hdn lam khoa hgc Belams. Mgt trong nhiing
' 9 y y y y 9 9
doi tugng nghien ciiu d day Id te bdo hdng cau, bdi vi hdng cdu cd cdu tao tuomg ddi dan gidn,
de tilp can, vd ciii tao Idp mdng Id diln hinh vd ddc trung cho ciu tao mdng cua cdc ddi tugng
te bdo Do dd chung dugc sir dung vdi vai trd Id model ty nhien nhdm ldm sang td cdc tfnh
chat vl ciu tao vd chiic ndng ciia Idp mdng, vd cd sy thay ddi ca tfnh cua mdng khi co the mdc
cac loai bfnh khdc nhau. Ket qud nghien ciiu da xdc lap rdng, d nhirng bfnh nhan tieu dudng
loai 2 sy thay ddi (bien thien) ve ddc di8m hinh thdi vd tfnh nhdt-ddn hdi cao ban hdn so vdi
te hIng ciu cua ngudi khde manh. Cdc nghien ciiu ve de tdi ndy cdn dang tiep tuc vd cd tfnh
thdi su, bdi vi kit qua nghien ciiu ciia chung se Id ca sd dl md ra cdc phuang phdp chan doan mdi, cho phep xac djnh sdm hom cac loai benh ndng vd phi biln hien nay [9].
Dudi day gidi thieu mgt so anh chyp AND, virus, tl bdo, protein dugc trinh bdy tren trang web ciia cdng ty NTMDT (http://www.ntmdt.ru/scan-gallery/group/life-sciences- biology-biotechnology)
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•-•'•I: 0 - . : / ' ^ ; ^ ^ ^ ! f e j * ? ^
CynepcKpyneHHaH KOJibiteBaa njia3MHflHa«
AHK
50 100 150 200 250 300 mn
Protein - PH6OCOMM E.coli
isee
Bupyc 36ojia
18 28 38 4 8 uN
Human embryo fibroblast
nil 500
400
300
200
100
Hinh 2. Hinh dnh mgt so doi tugrng sinh hgc dufrc hien thj bdi hien vi quit dau dd. ..;
111. KET HOP GltTA AFM vA PATCH-CLAMP TRONG NGHIEN ClTU Y SINH HOC
Ngodi AFM, mdt ky thuat khdc trong nghidn ciiu tl bao, dugc phdt trien trong nhiing ndm gin day. dd Id phuomg phdp patch-clamp. Phuang phap nay cho phep do cac xung dien^
gay ra do cac ion Na+ hay K+ tmyln qua mdng tl bdo trong qud tnnh trao ddi chit. De thuc i
hifn dieu dd, ngudi ta sir dung mdt dng nghiem sieu nhd (micropipette), cd dau nhgn, kfch thudc mdt vai pm hoac mgt vai trdm nm. Ben trong ong nghiem chua dung djch dien mdi va mft difn cue. Micropipette se dugc dich chuyen den vd dp chat vao mang cua tl bao. Qua trinh ndy dugc quan sat vd dilu khiln vdi su trg giiip cua hien vi quang hgc.
Electrode
Cell Membrane
Micropipette
t
• Na+{ ^channelHinh 3. Nguyin ly phuang phdp patch-clamp do ddng ion chay qua mdng te bao trong qud trinh trao doi chdt vdi sugiup ddcua micropipette. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_clamp )
Tuy nhien, vdi nhirng te bdo hay vi khudn cd kfch thudc nhd, vifc quan sdt vd thao tdc qua kfnh hien vi quang hgc Id khdng he de ddng. Chi'nh vi the, ciing vdi cdc ddng nghifp tai Dai hgc Ca khf chi'nh xdc vd Quang hgc Xanh-Petecbua, vd phdng thf nghifm hien vi quet diu dd tai Vifn nghien cuu cac thilt bj phan tfch cua Vifn hdn lam khoa hgc LB Nga, chung toi dd dk ra y tudng kit hgp giiia 2 phuomg phdp: hien vi lye nguyen tii vd patch-clamp de
9 9
nghien ciiu te bao mdt cdch todn difn nhat [10].
* 9 ^ *
De gidi quyet bdi todn ndy, chiing tdi sii dung nanopipette ldm ddu dd cho hien vi lye nguyen tOr. Sau khi tiln hdnh quet dk thu hinh dnh 3 chieu cua te bdo, hay vi khudn, se tien
* 9 * '
hdnh do dac diem ca hgc cua mdng te bdo vd do ddng ion tmyen qua mdng te bdo theo phuang phdp patch-clamp. Nanopj|)ette do chiing tdi ty chl tao bdng cdng nghf laser. Su dung tia laser C02 hgi tu dk ddt ndng mdt dng thiiy tinh (dudng kfnh ngodi 1mm, dudng kfnh trong 0.5mm). ddng thdi 2 diu cua dng thiiy tinh dugc tdc ddng bdi lye keo. Khi thuy tinh bj dot ndng se ndng chdy. vd dudi tdc dung cua lye k6o dng thuy tinh se dugc vudt nhgn vd cd thi dat kfch thudc dudng kfnh trong lOOnm tmdc khi diirt lam 2 phin (hinh 4).
9 ^
Nanopipette dugc gdn vdo sensor cua mdy Nanoeducator bdng keo ddn (xem hinh 1).
Ding thdi mdt difn eye tir day Vonfram dudng kfnh 25 pm dugc ddt vdo ben trong
9 9 t 9 .
nanopipette, diu ra cua difn eye dugc ndi vdi eye sd 2 cua sensor de lay tfn hifu ra.
.^
H '. 1 • ' - • | ' • • • - • I •" *• J < ! ' ' I *
t ; ...•-•
Hinh 4. Anh chup nanopipette qua kinh hiin vi quang hpc vd hiin vi ddu dd quit. Nanopipette c6 duong kinh trong khodng 100 nm.
IV. KET QUA THU DU'OC VA N H C T N G T 6 N TAI
Vdi diu dd nanopipette vd thiet bj hien vi quet diu dd Nanoeducator, chiing tdi thu
9 9
dugc mdt sd ket qud dudi day:
th
Znm 916
^"^Ktm
20000 l ^ B 15000 \ U R ^ ™
10000 " ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 5000 l ^ ^ ^ l
0 ^ 0
Hinh 5. Hinh u duac tren thiet bi
• • ii- f
5000
dnh 3D
.fyr
10000
g^JjlM
15000
cua te bdo hong Nanoeducator yd i idu dd
WS^ Xnm
20000
cdu,
nanopipette.
X nrn
8000
BOOO
4000
Hinh 6. Hinh anh 3D cua true khudn bacUlus trin dithuy tinh vd trong moi trudng nude, thu duac tren thiit bi Nanoeducator vd dau dd nanopipette.
> BUN 7 Help Topognphy/Top V i e w
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Hinh 7. Lua chgn diem tren bi mat can nghiin cuu dg ddn hdi.
De ddnh gid do ddn hdi vd di lye ciia be mat te bao, dau dd dugc dieu khien djch chuyen gin vl phfa bl mat, sau dd lai djch chuyen ra xa ve hudng ngugc lai. Trong qud trinh djch chuyin dd, bien do dao dao ddng cua ddu dd dugc ghi lai. Sy thay ddi cua bien do dao
^ \ 9 \ 9 t
dgng cua dau dd se phan dnh co ti'nh cua be mat te bdo. Dau tien, tien hdnh quet nhanh de xdc
-t y y
djnh vj trf ciia tryc khudn. Khi thu dugc dnh cua tryc khudn, ta cd the dimg qud tnnh quet vd
lua chgn nhirng dilm cin nghien cuu dg dan hdi. 6 hinh 7. dilm 1 tren tim dk thiiy tinh vd va dilm 2 tren bl mat true khuin bacillus dugc lua chgn.
Doi vdi dilm 1 Id dilm ndm tren tim de thuy tinh, sy thay ddi cua bien do dao dgng ciia diu dd dugc bilu dien bdi hai dudng cong trong hinh 8. Trong dd, dudng cong mdu do tuong img vdi qua trinh diu dd tiln l?i gin be m^t. cdn dudng mdu xanh bieu dien qud trinh ngugc l?i. Tuang tu nhu vdy, hinh 9 bilu diln cdc dudng cong doi vdi diem 2 Id diem tren be mdt tmc khuan.
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Hinh 8. Duong cong biiu diin suthay doi bien dp dao dpng cua ddu dd khi tien den gdn (dudng
mdu do) vd ra xa (dudng mdu xanh) bi m$t tgi £em I.
• aUN ? Hftlp I Topography/Top view I Polnt=1
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^ R q h t BuCtan- PopiO Menu;labeli ( O A left Button • Add f o d - Mete;Up,DowtvNext,Prevlous);
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Hinh 9. Du&ng cong biiu dien suthay doi bien dp dao dpng cua dau dd khi tien den gdn (dudng mdu dd) vd ra xa (du&ng mdu xanh) bi mat tgi diem 2.
So sdnh cdc dudng cong bieu dien sy thay ddi bien do dao ddng cua ddu dd khi chiing tien gan den vd tien ra xa be mat, ta nhan thay rdng: cdc dudng cong tuomg iing vdi diem 1 Id
* \ 9 9 9 ^
diem tren be mat tam de thiiy tinh cd do ddc Idn hem. dieu dd cd nghia Id bien dg dao dgng cua dau dd suy gidm nhanh ban, tiic Id be mat thuy tinh cd do ciing Idn hom (do dan hoi kem han).
D I do ddng ion chay qua mdng tl bdo trong qud trinh trao ddi chat theo phuang phdp patch-clamp, khd khdn duy nhit Id cdc ddng ion cd gid trj nhit nhd, cd pA. Gid trj ndy tham chf cdn nhd hom nhilu gid trj nA ciia ddng difn sinh ra do hifu iing dudng him. Chfnh vi vay.
mach khuyech dai cua Nanoeducator khdng phu hgp de do ddng pA, ma cin phdi cd thilt bj
/ 9 9 9
do ddc bift. Tai LB Nga, nhirng thiet bj nhu vay dugc che tao vd cung cap bdi Vifn che tao cac thilt bj sinh hgc ciia Vifn hdn lam khoa hgc LB Nga (http://ibp- ran.ru/Products/PatchClamp_R.htm).
Trong khi chua cd thilt bj cin thilt. Chiing tdi tiln hdnh kilm tra khd ndng ldm vifc cua diu dd nanopipette vd difn eye. Mgt tim mdng vi kenh vdi dudng kfnh cdc kenh khodng 10 pm dugc sir dyng (hinh 10). Mdng dugc nhiing trong mdi tmdng chit Idng (nude) vd diu
y y 9 y 9
d6 nanopipette cd difn eye Vonfram dugc sii dyng de quet be mat tam mdng, ddng thdi tien
^ \ y
hdnh do ddng difn chay qua nanopipette. Khi dau dd nanopipette dugc dieu khien nhiing vao chit Idng vd tiln din gin bl mat tim mdng, nude se tham thiu qua nanopipette vd tiep xiic
9 9
vdi dien cue Vonfram. Ddng difn chay qua nanopipette do cd hifu difn the giiia chdt Idng va
difn cue va dugc ghi lai. Tren hinh 11 bieu diln hinh dnh cua 1 kenh tren tim mdng vi kenli-
^ ' 9 y
va tuong umg la gidn do cudng dg ddng difn. Ket qua do cho ta thay rdng, cudng do dong dien chay qua nanopipette thay doi tuong irng vdi hinh dang be mat cua tim vi kenh. Vd quan trgng hon, diu dd nanopipette da sdn sdng cho vifc do ddng ion chay qua mdng tl bdo theo phuomg phdp patch-clamp.
Do nhiimg dilu kifn khdch quan nen vifc do ddng ion cho dSn nay vdn chua dugc thyc hien.
?ia>»n
ru
tOWO MOO MOOD 40000 MOQO
Hinh 10. Tdm vi kinh duac sur dung di ddnh gid khd ning do ddng difn cda dau dd ruinopipette.
12000
3CO0 xoo
A) B Hinh 11. A - Hinh anh cda vi kenh vd
B - gidn dd cu&ng dp ddng difn tuong ung chgy qua nanopipette.
V. KET LUAN
Hien vi quet dau dd ndi chung va hien vi luc nguyen tir noi rieng phuong phap nghien ciiu trien vgng trong ITnh vyc sinh hgc. Trong bdi bao da trinh bay irng dyng cua phuang phap hien vi lye nguyen tu trong nghien ciiu tl bdo. Phuang phdp ndy khdng chi gidp quan sat tl bdo, md cdn giup xdc djnh tfnh chit co hgc cua Idp mang tl bdo. Tren co sd do cd thi ddnh gid tl bdo d cdc trang thdi khdc nhau trang thdi khde manh, trang thdi mang bfnh, hay khi tucmg tdc vdi cdc loai thudc,...Vifc su dyng diu dd nanopipette cho phdp kit hgp phuang phdp hiln vi lye nguyen tir vd phuomg phdp patch-clamp dk nghien ciru tl bdo mgt cdch todn difn nhdt.
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O
1. V. L. Mironov, "Fundamentals of the scanning probe microscopy", The textbook for students of the senior courses of higher educational institutions, Nizhniy Novgorod - 2004.
2. Klinov D.V., Dubrovin E.V.. Yaminsky I.V. // Scanning Probe Microscopy of DNA on Mica and Graphite. ABP Conference Proceedings Volume No. 696 (STM'03. Eindhoven' University of Technology. July 21-25. 2003 Eindhoven, the Netheriands), pp. 452-456 (2003).
3. Klinov D.V.. Dubrovin E.V.. Yaminsky I.V. // Substrate for Scanning Probe Microscopy of DNA: HOPG versus mica Physics of Low-Dimensional Stmctures, 3/4, pp.119-124. (2003).
4. Kiselyova O.I., Galyamov M.O.. Nasikan N.S., Yaminsky I.V., Karpova O.V..
Novikov V.K., Scanning probe microscopy of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins and their complexes in "Frontiers of Multifunctional Nanosystems" (Eds. Buzanaeva E.V., Scharff P. - Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2002, 500 pages), pp. 321-330 (2002).
5. Yaminsky I. // Three dimensional image analysis in biomedical scanning probe microscopy. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, Vol. 2, Issue 4.
December 2006. p. 288.
6. ilMHHCKHH H . B . , T^CMHH B . B . , BOHflapeUKO B . M . / / Pa3JIHHHfl B KJierOIHOH
noeepxHOCTH mdpujmbix daKTepuii Escherichia coli K12. HacjieayiomHX rfb-a3.4 reu Shigella fl exneri, BbWBJMeMwe c noMomtio aTOMHO-CHJioBofi MUKpocKonuH. DKypuaji MHKpodHOJiorHH, 3nH;teMHOJiorHH H HMMynodHOJiorHH, Ns 6, 15-18 (1997).
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BSaHMO^ieKiCTBHH MOJICKyjI //^aXHHKH H CHCTeMW. N l . 2 0 0 7 . 1 8 - 2 1 .
8. H. TcMKHHa, A.OHJIOHOB. H . .HMHHCKHH. CHJiosaa cneKxpocKonHH eaHHHHHBix MaKpoMOJiCKyji H HX KOMnncKCOB c HcnojibsoBaHHCM ACM // HaHOHHflycxpHa, 2008, 6, c.
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(2008) Combined nanoprobes for scanning probe microscopy: laser technology for processing and testing. Proc. SPIE, Vol. 6879, 68791W (2008); DOI: 10.1117/12.762939.
Website: www.ntmdt.m
