LY L U A N - THUC TlfiN - KINH NGHlfiM
Mt au chot ciia van de
huan bi can bo cbo doi mdii bau cuf
PGS. TRAN D I N H HUYNH
T
ren thuc td, eon dudng hlnh thinh dfli ngu cin bfl cia bit cd qudc gia nio vin li tCr biu cir vk bd nhiSm, cin bO duoc biu lk quan trong niiit trong mpi th^ che' din chu. Nhung vin d^ li 6 quan di^m vk quy tiinh nhin su cua mfli qudc gia trong timg thdi ky, tinig giai doan cu th^ khic nhau. d node ta, mudn ddi mdi thl cin hai di^u: ein ed tCr ludn de xudt phdi nko vi cd dung khi di thay dSi cich thuc hinh (quy trinh nhin su).Ludn de xudi phdt. Suy nghT ky vi tham khio I^ thuydt quin tri nhin su hiSn dai se thiy phii trd lai nhdng vSn Ai co bin nhit, nim vdng vi thuc tim, trung thirc, nghi6m tdc lim theo nhihig chi din ciia H6 Chi Minh.
Tren CO set dd mdi ed th^ bkn d6h vih Ai lkm th^ nko Ai thue thi chinh sich ein bfl ed hieu qua nhit. H6 Chi Minh da timg ndi nhihig ciu don gian nhung cd gii tri siu sic; Vd ludn viec gl, tU vile nho den vile to, deu do ngtrdi ldm ra. Cdn bd Id cdi gd'c ctia mpi vile. Trdeh nhilm chinh la &cdn bd cdp cao. Khd di cung bdi Igl ldng mlnh. Dodn thi (Ddng) Id Trung ttang den xd deu do ddn tS chtic nen. Dtta vdo y kien cua ddn chung md siia chUa cdn bd vd td chiic cita la. Khdng dugc: ham ditng bd con, anh em quen blit, bdu ban, cho hg Id chdc chdn han ngudi ngodi: ham diing nhOng ke kheo ninh hdt mlnh, md chdn ghel nhOng ngudi chinh trifc: ham dUng cdnh hdu. Phal trpng nhdn tdi, trpng ngudl cd Ich cho cdng viic... Th&i gian cing qua di, nhln lai nhihig dien biSn cda tinh hlnh dit nudc chung ta cing thim thia nhdng ^ kign phe binh chin
thinh, thing thin eua nhi^u ting ldp nhin din ddi vdi Ding, cho ta thiy su gip gd gida In tue thien tki eua Hd Chi Minh vk su sing sudi cua nhin din. Trd lai vdi nhdng quan di^m IJ luin cua Ngudi ed nghia li trd lai vdi nhin din. Ngudn sing tCi nhihig ldi day eiia lanh tu vi td so chi din cua nhin din se cho Ding la
"cim nang thin ky" Ai chinh ddn lai edng tic td chdc, nhin su vi su dung cam thuc hinh din chii Ai ddi mdi quy trinh.
Mdt id, nim viing vi kien tri ddi mdi cdng tic cin bo tir quan di^m: Trpng nhdn tdi, trpng cdn bd, trpng mdi mdt ngudl cd ich cho cdng vile chung, bdt ki ngudi dd xudt Ihdn lit ddu nhu Hd Chi Mmh da ndi vk lkm. Kien tri luin d^ xuit phit tren tit se ed sdc manh, duoc ldng din, doin kit dupc din tflc, su nghiep ddi mdi se thing loi.
Hai Id, phai kien tri thue hinh phuong phip thudng xuyen xem xdt ein bd. Phuong phip niy ddi hoi phai dua vko nhin din, thuc Idng tin din, khiem tdn ling nghe ^ kieh ciia nhin din. Diy li phuong phip th^ hien quan di^m bien chiing duy vit d^ dinh gii cin M ddng vdi su vin ddng vk phit tri^n ciia Dang, cua mfli cin bd dang vien trong mdi tuong quan vdi su bitfn ddi cia tinh hinh kinh Mf-xa hfli. Vdi phuong phip nky se cho phdp &a thiy nhihig nhin tii mdi vk lkm loi ra nhiing ke hi hoi nhu Hd Chi Minh timg ein din.
Thudng xuyen xem xdt lk sir ehii ddng ehuSn bi nhin su cho cic cudc biu eft vk bd nhito cin bd vko cic co quan lanh dao, quan 1$, 16 Xiy dung eing sd 6-2012
LY L U A N - THUC TlfiN - KINH NGHlfiM
tt^nh "nude dtfn ehdn mdi nhay" rtfi "dtft dutfc di tim ngudi".
Ba Id, hiiu bii't cdn bd dS cdt nhdc dung.
Ai hidu ai? Lam thtf ndo dd hidu? TVd ldi edu thfl nhdt thdt don gian: Cdp uy, tiiu ttirdng vd eo quan td ehflc Id nhflng ngudi cd trdeh nhiem phai hidu can bfi, dang vien cdp dudi.
Nhung tt-a ldi cdu thfl hai thi lai hodn todn khfing dfi bdi hidu ngudi la viec rdt khd. Ntfu khfing hidu dung thi lam sao edt nhdc dflng.
Mud'n hieu dung ngudi trudc hi't phdi tir hieu minh. Nhung hidu minh lai khd hon.
Htf Chf Minh tflng ndi ntfu cdp tren khdng tu bitft minh thi khd md hidu dflng ngudi khde, hidu dflng cdp dudi. Vi vdy mutfn bitft dflng su phai trdi cua ngudi thi trudc htft phai hidu dflng su phai trai cua minh. Ntfu khdng bifi't su phai trdi eua minh thi ehde khdng thd nhdn ro ngudi cdn bd ttft hay xdu. Ntfu tu cao tu dai, ua ngudi ninh hdt minh, tdng btfc minh, ldy ldng yfiu ghet rifing vd cdi khudn khd chdt hep, thidn cdn cua minh lam tifiu chudn xem xet ngudi thi cung nhu mdt da mang kinh mau, khdng bao gid thdu rd mat thdt cua nhihig gi minh thdy. Vd vdh dd nay da dtfn lflc khdng thd khfing thanh thdt va dung cam thfla nhdn mfit thue tfi' hidn nhifin rang ban thdn mdi ngudi, dfl ngudi dd la ai, cung khdng thd tu hidu minh mdt each ddy du.
Di khdc phue tinh trang nay Idu nay la vdn dflng hinh thitc tu phe binh va phe binh. Nay vdn edn thuc hien tu phfi binh vd phfi binh.
Song phai ehtfng, phai trdnh cho dupe nhiJng khuytft tdt Idu nay: Tu phfi binh phdn ldn chi nhdn manh iru didm, efing lao, thdnh tfch, ndi dtfn khuytft didm thi bao bifin, dd Ifii cho khdeh quan, eho tdp thd. Khi phfi binh thi nfi ttanh, nd nang, nghe ngdng, khdng thanh thdt,
"nhe cung nhe", xufi xoa gifl dodn ktft hinh thflc, dung hoa mdu thudn, nhdn nhupng ldn nhau, ft khi dflng cam "md se chfla cho Idnh bfinh",... Phai thuc hifin dung Nghi quytft
Trung uong 4, khda XI Id ldm cho cdc cdf lanh dao, cdc ngdnh, ttudc htft tfl cdp cao nhdl ttong sdng, thdnh thdt dodn kfi't tu phfi binh vh phfi binh. Bdng cdch: 1) Cdp uy vd ddng vifin cdp dudi phfi binh Trung uong, ed quy chtf ro rdng, khdng bd hep gidi han ngudi phfi binh, edeh ldm cdng ddn chu, md rfing edng chinh xdc. Ldm sao dd tifi'ng ndi cua dai da stf ngudi trong Ddng dtfn vdi cdp cao nhdt cua Ddng vd nhflng ^ kifi'n dy phai dupc ddt Ifin bdn hdi nghi mdt cdch nghifim tflc. 2) Ldy ^ kitfn nhdn ddn, qudn chung, cd eo chtf dd ngudi ngodi Dang manh dan vd vui long gdp ^ vdi Trung uong. 3) Trfin co sd y kifi'n cua cdp dudi vd nhdn ddn, tap thd cdp uy, trudc hfi't Id Bd Chfnh tri. Ban Bi thu. Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong hpp nghifim tuc gdp f cho nhau, thdnh tiidt tu phfi binh va phfi binh, dung cdm ldng nghe y kitfn cdp dudi vd nhdn ddn, khdng gidu gifi'm khuytft diem, ghi thanh nghi quytft, ktft ludn cfla tdp thd, edng khai, minh bach.
Sau khi kidm didm nghifim tflc cdn xfl ly dflt didm nhiing sai pham mdt cdch cdng minh, cdng khai, ed ly cd linh, vdi phuong ehdm tri bfinh cfltt ngudi. Xfl 1^ ngudi cd ldi d CO quan cdp trfin trudc, cdp dudi sau dd nfiu guong. Htf Chu tieh da khuyfin gido due Id chjuih nhung khdng cd nghia la khdng tiilmg phat. Ky ludt dung cung Id mfit hinh thflc gido due. Ngudi edn khuyen ciing mdt khuytft didm ntfu la dang vien. Id edn bd cdp tten thi cdn ky ludt nang hon, khdng xue xoa, nhe tren ndng dudi, cdp ttfin chu ytfu Id "rflt kinh nghifim" hoac chuydn cdng tae khdc tuong duong, cd khi lai cao hon.
Su trong sach tfl edp ttfin se Id tidn dd cfla su kidm soat va danh gia can bd chudn hi nhdn su cho vific gidi thifiu bdu cir ehfnh xdc.
Htf Chu tich da tflng cdn dan: ngudi di kidm soat phai Id ngudi thdt td't, cd uy tin. Sau khi ehinh dtfn nghifim tue, ed mfit cdp cao trong sach, du uy tin thi vific lanh dao xem xdt danh
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LY L U A N - THtfC TlfiN - KINH NGHlfiM
gid cdn bd cdp dudi mdi chfnh xdc. Ldm tfl Trung uong xutfng. Tflng cdp cflng phdi thuc hifin phuong phdp nhu trfin, tde ddng ba chidu:
^ kitfn cdp dudi nhdn xdt, ddnh gid cdp trfin; ^ kitfn nhdn xdt cua qudn chung nhdn ddn vd eutfi cflng Id nhdn xdl cua cdp tt-fin. Tdng hpp, phdn tfch ca ba loai nhdn xfit dy se cho mdt kfi't qud nhdn xdt ddnh gid cdn bd khdch quan.
Chi ed mdt edp uy vd ngudi dflng ddu trong sdng, chi cdng vfi tu thi mdi Idm eho cdc eo quan chuyfin mfin, cdc cdn bfi, ddng vifin Idm cfing tdc td ehflc nhdn su ttong sach, vflng manh; mdi hudng ddn, phdt huy dupc ndng lue vd tinh thdn ttdeh nhifim cua hp trong vific hidu dflng cdn bd, chudn bi nhdn su cho cdc cudc bdu cfl.
Bd'n ldy tiiu chudn de ddnh gid vd di xudt cdn bd nin rd rdng, cu thi. Tifiu chudn cd cu thd thi vific xem xdt ddnh gid mdi dd ddng, mdi dflng dd cdt nhdc cdn bfi sao eho "ed fch cho cdng viec chung". Theo Chu tieh Htf Chi Minh thi su cdt nhdc dflng ehi cd 2 tieu chudn: Mdt Id, "gdn gfii qudn chung", "dupc qudn ehiing tin cdy vd mtfn phuc". Dd chinh la phdm chdt ehfnh tri co ban. Id dao dflc each mang. Hai la, xem kha ndng ngudi dy "xflng vdi vific gi".
Nguy hai Idn nhdt cua cdng tde cdn bd Id tinh ttang: 1) Ngudi ed tdi md khdng diing dung. 2)
"Dem ngudi bd Id ba la chi ndi ma khdng bitft ldm vdo nhflng dia vi lanh dao".
Giai phap thay ddi
Thuc hdnh ddn chu thdt rdng rdi trong cdng tdc chudn bi cdn bd vd tS chiic bdu cu:
cua Bdng d tdt cd cdc cdp.
Cd hai hinh thflc bdu cfl Id ddn chu true tifi'p vd ddn ehii dai difin. Ddn ehu tiiic titfp Id uu vifit nhdt, ddn chii nhdt nhung khdng thd dp dung phd bitfn khi stf lupng qud dfing vd khfing gian dia 1^ qud rdng, vi vay phai ktft hpp ca hai hinh thflc ddn chu true titfp vd ddn chu dai difin. Sau khi da thuc hifin dan chu dai dien dd bdu cdc dai bidu di du dai hfii dai bidu
tit cdp trfin CO sd Ifin dtfn dai hdi dai bidu to^
qutfc thi d cdc dai hdi ndy hodn todn cd di didu kifin thuc hifin ddn chu true titfp.
Di Idm dupc vific dd, cdn:
Chudn bi nhdn su chu ddo, cdng khai vi ddn cha
Tfl nay nfin quy dinh khi titfn hdnh dai hfii ddng tfl CO sd trd lfin phdi cd nhdn ddn than gia ^ kitfn vdo vific lua chon nhdn su cua D^g (bao gdm cd vific ciJr dai bidu di du dai hoi ddng cdp trfin vd gidi thifiu ngudi flng cfl v^o cdp uy).
Ddng lanh dao xa hfii vd Id ddng duy nh^l cdm quydn thi cfing vific eua Ddng cung ch&ih Id cdng vific cua ddn. Vific nhdn ddn tham gia
^ kitfn vdo cdng tdc nhdn su eua Ddng ciiDg nfin coi Id viec binh thudng, nen vd cdn 1^, khdng thd coi "nhdn su cua Ddng" chi Id cfing vific ndi bd cua Dang, nhu mfit "khu vuc cdin". Ngupc lai, cd co chtf dflng vd cdch 1^
khdo thi vific nhdn ddn tham gia ^ kitfn vHo nhdn su cfla Dang se Id edeh cd hifiu qud thuc hien quan didm dua vdo ddn dd xdy dung Dang, cdch ttft nhdt dd nhdn ddn titfn cflhi^n tdi cho ddt nudc, cung ctf ^ thflc trdeh nhifim vd su gdn bd mdu thit gifla Dang vdi ddn.
Ddn ehu cd dfl sflc manh di vupt qua moi khd khdn, trd luc vd ca nguy co.
Xdy dung vd thuc hifin quy hoach cdn bO.
ddo tao, btfi dudng cdn bd theo quy hoaeh tao nfin ddi ngu dfing dao nhflng cdn bd cd dflc oi tdi, dd cd thd bdu cfl cd stf du, khdng chi khi bdu ban chdp hdnh, ban thudng vu md cd khi bdu bf thu, tdng bf thu.
C^ng vdi viic xdy dung cuang linh vi chii'n luge kinh t^ phdi sdp xi'p lgi cdc co quan cua Bdng vd Nhd nudc. Xdc dinh tiftu chudn chflc danh tflng loai cdn bd, cfing btf rdng rai tifiu chudn dy dd cdp dudi vd nhdo ddn tham gia y kitfn lua chon cdn bfi, d^t ngudi dung chd, dflng vific.
18 Xdy di/ngOdng stf 6-2012
LY LU A N - T H U C TlfiN - KINH NGHlfiM
Cdng khai vd thdi gian dupc dao tao vd thfl thdch trong thue ttf cua ngudi dupc gidi thifiu dd nhdn ddn thdm dinh, tranh vific khai gian hpe ham, hoc vi, bdng cdp vd thdi gian cdng tae. Ngay ca vific kfi khai tdi san vd nhiing v ^ dd vd dao dflc cua ngudi dupc gidi thifiu cung chi qua thdm dinh cdng khai cua nhdn dan mdi chinh xde. Ndi ro cdn bd dupe cdp uy du kitfn chudn bi se dam ttdeh edng viec gi trong hfi thtfng chmh tri trudc khi bdu cir.
Thuc hdnh bdu true tiip ban chdp hdnh, ban thudng vu, bi thu ngay trong dgi hdi d mdi cdp, ki cd chvcc danh bi thu, tSng bi thu. Dai hdi Id eo quan quydn luc cao nhdt cua Dang d tflng cdp. Mdi dai bidu la mdt thanh vifin trong CO quan quydn luc dy.
Mdi dai bidu ddu la dai difin cua dai hdi cdp dudi bdu lfin.
Bdu cfl nhu Idu nay vdn lam thi mdt ddng ehf bf thu cdp uy cdng d cdp cao thi cang la ktft qua cua ddn chu qua nhidu cdp dai difin. Dai hdi dai bidu todn qutfc ciia Dang Id CO quan quydn luc cao nhdt cua Dang. Mdi dai bidu I ddu la mdt thdnh vifin binh
; d ^ g trong CO quan quydn luc, dupe bdu Ifin tfl cdp dudi I qua nhidu vdng ddn chu dai . difin se du kha ndng dd true titfp bdu ra cde uy vifin Bfi Chinh tri va Tdng Bi thU •
THE N^O Lfl
(Tiip ttieo trang 15)
tdc, nhung nay vi nhidu nguyfin nhdn, ho khfing mutfn
"dtfng hdnh" vdi Ddng, nhung vdn Id nhiJng ngudi yfiu nude. Thifi't nghi, edn ghi nhdn dflng mflc nhfing ddng gdp cua hp, tdn ttpng su lua chon cd nhdn, khdng nfin miet thi, dd kich hp.
Mdt dang suy thodi vd tu tudng chmh tri nua Id "an phdn tfiu thudng", khdng cd, khdng mutfn ed, khfing ddm ed quan didm ttirdc thdi thtf, stfng va hanh ddng theo cdp trfin, theo stf ddng, gid chidu ndo che chidu dy, ne tt-anh mpi va cham mong dupc yfin thdn muu hanh phflc rifing. Nguy hai Id d ehd quan didm ndy ngdy cdng phdt tridn, phd bitfn, cd nguy co ttd thanh mfit
"trifi't ly stfng" trong Dang.
Khfing cd bdt cfl may may cdn cfl dao Iy vd thuc ttf ndo dd xtfp vdo loai "ttd cd" dtfi vdi nhtmg dang vifin mdt ldng kifin tri ehitfn ddu cho ly tudng xdy dung mdt nudc Viet Nam ddn gidu, nude manh, ddn chfl, edng bdng, vdn minh, gifl vflng dfic Idp ddn tflc vd chu quydn, ehung stfng binh dang vdi cdc ddn tdc khde. Vi 1^ tudng dd hp khdng ngudi ttan trd, bflc xflc dtfi vdi su an nguy eua ddn tdc, quydn ldm chu vd Ipi fch eua nhdn ddn, su nghifip cfla
Dang, ludn ctf gdng tim mpi cdch cd thd tdc ddng mong cho tinh hinh ngdy mdt ttft lfin, ddm nhln, ddm ndi, ddm ddu tranh xdy dung, khfing nd ttdnh, khfing sp cudng quydn, khdng mang Ipi danh. Dang cdn xem hp Id vtfn quy, bao vfi, khuyfin khich vd td chfle dd phdt huy vai trd eua ho.
Cd su khdc bifit nhdt dinh gifla suy thodi vd tu tudng chfnh tti vd suy thodi vd dao dflc Itfi stfng. Nhung dtfi vdi dang duy nhdt lanh dao vd cdm quydn, nhdt Id dtfi vdi cdn bo lanh dao cdc cdp thi hdu hfi't bidu hifin suy thodi vd dao dflc, Itfi stfng ddu cd ^ nghia suy thoai vd tu tudng chmh tti. Hon thtf nfla, suy thoai vd tu tudng chfiih tri nhieu khi la ngutfn gfi'c cua suy thodi ve dao dflc Itfi stfng.
Nguy hidm hon, suy thodi v^
tu tudng chmh tti ludn cd kha nang gdy tdc hai nghifim ttpng. Khi phdt tdc d co quan, can bfi lanh dao chu ehtft cua Dang, thi suy thodi tu tudng chfnh tri ed thd chua difin ra trfin difin rdng cfing da du lam tifiu tan su nghifip chinh tri eua Dang.
Chinh vi vdy, Ddng phai ludn ludn canh gidc, phdn biet, nhdn difin dung vd kip thdi khdc phuc nguy co suy thodi tu tudng chmh tri, nhdt Id ttong eo quan vd can bd lanh dao chu ehtft. Mpi su xem nhe ddu cd thd phai tta gid ddt •
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