H I E U LUC C U A DUIVG DfCH IMGAIVI L A , H A T XOAIM IXIEEIVI V A CHE PHAIVI VIIMEEiVI 1 S O O E C TROIMG PHfJIVG T R U R £ P
[Myj^us persicae v a Brei/icaryne brassicac^ HAI
R A U
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T H A IIMGUYEIM
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Hieu luc ciia dich ngam la xoan, hat xoan va che pham Vineem 1500EC dat cao nhat doi vcri rep hai bip cai sau phun 7 ngay. Trong do, hieu lire trii rep cao nhat la che pham Vineem 1500EC, dat 88,3%; tiep do den dung dich ngam hat xoan, dat 80,6% (thap hon so vcri che pham Vineem 1500EC 7,7%) va thap nhait la dung dich ngam la xoan, dat 61,3% (thap hon so vcri che pham Vineem 1500EC la 27,0%). Phuong phap sir dung dich ngam la va hat xoan Neem don gian, de thuc hien doi ven nong dan. Mat khac, vcri each nay ngucri nong dan co the chu dong trong viec trir rep gay hai de bao ve cay trong, dong thoi khong gay 6 nhiim moi truong, khong anh hucmg din sue khoe con ngucri, nhiing loai co ich, khong co du lupng hoa chat ton du trong san pham.
Tir kh6a.- Rep hai rau (Brevicoryne brassiae), rep hai bip cai, VineemlSOOEC, xoan Neem.
I. DAT VAN DE
Rep {Brevicoryne brassiae vA Myzus persiae) IA mpt trong nhirng ddi tupng gAy hai nguy hiim tren cay trdng ndi ehung vA rau bAp cai ndi rieng. Rip Brevicoryne brassicae cd the gAy hai 51 loai cay, cdn rep Myzus persicae cd thi phA hai tren 300 loai cay trdng cAc loai. Rep khong chi chich hut nhua cAy, gay tdn thuong cho cAy, ma cdn IA moi gicri (vat chii trung gian) truyin 17 loai benh vi nit cho cAy nhir Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV), Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV), Turnip mild yellows Virus (BWYV),...
(Frische, 1972; Heinz Dubnik, 1991; Hill, 1983;
Hoffmann & Schmutterer, 1999). Cho nin, di phdng ngira benh vi rut hai bap cai, viee quan trpng la phai diet trir mdi gicM truyin binh vi nit dd IA r6p hai bAp cai.
Ngoai ra rep cdn bAi tiit ehat dieh mat di kien din An, tao dieu kiin eho nAm mudi den phat trien, bao phu mat la cAy, lam can trb khA nang quang hcpp ciia IA, lAm eho eay cham ldn, giam nang suat, chat lucpng.
Trong thue ti sAn xuat, de trir rip bao vi eay trdng, ngucM ndng dAn chu yiu ehi sir dung thude hda hpc, vira re tiin hem so vcji cae che pham sinh hpc va thien dich, lai vira cd hiiu qua nhanh. Bin canh nhiing lpi ich dd, thi thudc hda hpc IA nguyin
nhan gAy 6 nhiem mdi trudng, anh hudng din sire khde eon ngucM, gay hiin tupng khAng thude, nhdn thude cua dich hai, ddng th<M tieu diet nhirng loai co ich va du lucmg thude tdn du trong san pham cdn,...Trudc thuc ti dd, d i gdp phAn khAc phuc nhung mat tiiu cue do thudc hda hpe gAy ra, ddng thdi van bao ve dupc cAy trdng, de tAi da tiin hanh nghien cuu sir dung dieh cAy xoan Neem va che pham Vineem 1500EC trong phdng trir rep hai bap cAi.
L NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 1. Ddi tupng nghifen cuu
- CAy rau bAp eai, IA vA hat xoan Neem, che pham Vineem 1500EC, long nudi sAu de nhAn gidng cd kich thudc: Dai 1,2 m, rdng 1,0 m, cao 0,8 m.
- Long lAm thi nghiem ed kieh thuoe: DAi 0,7 m, rdng 0,7 m, eao 0,6 m.
- Khay nhua trdng rau eai trong long nudi sAu va Idng thi nghiem cd kieh thuoc: DAi 0,6 m, rdng 0,5 m vA eao 0,05 m, binh phun tay.
2. Npi dung
XAc dinh hiiu luc trir rip eiia chi pham Vineem 1500EC vA eiia dieh ngAm IA, hat xoan Neem.
So sanh hiiu lire trir rip cua ehi pham Vineem 1500EC vA eua djeh ngam la, hat xoan Neem.
Truong Dai hpc Nong Lam Thai Nguyen
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H l
3. Phuong phAp
Thu 01 kg la hoac hat xoan Neem dem vi nia sach, bam hoac gia nhd (bam la, gia hat), rdi ngam vao 10 lit nuoc. Sau ngam 24 gid, lpe lay dich ngam dem pha loang vdi 10 lit nudc la rdi phun.
a. Thinghiem trong phdng
Phuong phap nuoi rep hai rau bAp cai dupc tiin hanh theo phuong phap chuan ciia Vien Bao ve Thuc vat, cu thi: Thu rep trucVng thanh ngoai ruong vi tha tat ca vao Idng di nhan nuoi rep gidng sir dung trong thi nghiim.
Trudc khi tien hAnh thi nghiem, bat mdt sd rep trudng thanh cho vao cAy eai khong cd rep nuoi rieng, ngay hom sau (sau 1 ngay) thu rep non mcri nd tha vao cac long nuoi sau vdi kich thucxc: DAi 0,7 m, rdng 0,7 m, cao 0,6 m d i tiin hAnh thi nghiem.
Thi nghiem gdm 4 cong thire, ed 3 lan nhAe lai (mdi lan nhAe lai IA 1 long). Trong mdi Idng cd trdng 10 cay cai, tha vAo mdi Idng 20 con rep di lam thi nghiem. Sau khi phun cac dung dich ngam va chi pham Vineem (cAe cong thiic thi nghiem) tiin hAnh quan sAt, dim sd rep sdng, chit hAng ngAy. Tir dd xac dinh dupc hiiu luc trir rep eiia cAc cong thuc thi nghiim.
* Phuang phap xac dinh hieu lire tru rep cda la, qui xoan Neem vi chdpham Vineem 1 SOOEC
+ Thi nghiim dupc bd tri gdm 4 eong thirc, mdi eong thirc 3 lAn nhAc lai, mdi lan nhAe lai 20 con rep 1 ngay tudi.
Cong thirc 1 (ddi chimg): Phun nudrc la.
Cong thuc 2: Phun dich ngAm ciia la cay xoan Neem.
Cdng thirc 3: Phun djch ngAm ciia hat xoan Neem.
Cdng thirc 4: Phun chi pham Vmeem 1500EC, ndng dp 0,25%.
Chi tieu theo doi hAng ngay: Sd sAu sdng, chit d mdi cdng diirc vA hieu luc diet trir sAu dupc tinh theo cdng thirc Abbott (1925).
C a - T a
M(%)= xlOO Ca
Trong dd: M: Ty le sAu chit (%); Ca: Sd sau sdng dr cong thirc ddi ehung sau thi nghiem; Ta: Sd sAu sdng or cdng thire thi nghiim sau thi nghiim.
Sau khi cd kit qua cua thi nghiem trong phong, lira chpn cong thirc cd hieu luc cao de tiep tuc thi nghiem xac dinh hieu luc ciia cong thuc do trong viec tru rep hai bAp cAi ngoAi ddng ruong.
b. Thinghiem ngoai ddng ruong
Thi nghiem gdm 4 cong thuc, 3 lan nhAc lai, ducx:
bd tri theo khdi ngau nhien hoan chinh; dien tich mdi lan nhae lai ciia mpt 6 thi nghiem la 20 rd. Nhu vay tdng dien tich mot dii nghiem it nhat la 240 nr'. Thi nghiem dupc bd tri theo so dd sau:
1 4 2
3 2 4
2 3 1
4 1 3 Cong thirc 1 (ddi chimg): Phun nudc la.
Cong thirc 2: Phun dich ngam ciia IA cAy xoan Neem.
Cong thirc 3: Phun dich ngam ciia hat xoan Neem.
Cong thirc 4: Phun chi pham Vineem 1500EC, ndng dp 0,25% (pha 20 ml/binh 8 lit, phun4binh/1000m^.
* Phuang phap dieu tra dien bien rep
Diiu tra dien bien cua rep hai bAp cAi ducpc tiin hanh cr 5 diim theo dudng chio gdc, mdi diim 1 m^, mdi lAn diiu tra khdng lAp lai sd cAy lan trudc da diiu tra.
Xac dinh mat dd rep hai tren ddng ruong theo cong thirc sau:
Tdng sd rep diiu tra (con) Mat dp rep (con/m^ =
Dien tich diiu tra (m'O
* Phuong phip xac dinh hieu luc trir rep cda cac cdng thdc thinghiem
Thu 01 kg IA hoac hat cAy xoan Neem dem vi nia saeh, bAm nhd ho Ac gia nhd, ngAm vAo 10 lit nude + 0,2 kg xa phdng bpt. NgAm 24 gid, sau dd lpe lay dich ngAm dem pha loang vdi 10 lit nudc la rdi dem phun.
Phuong phAp xac dinh hieu luc tru sAu ciia dieh chiit ducpc tinh theo cong thirc Henderson - Tilton (1955):
Tax Cb
Hiiu luc (%) = (1 ) X 100 Tbx Ca
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2011
51Trong dd: Ta: Sd sau sdng b cdng thirc thi nghiem sau phun;
Tb: Sd sau sdng ci cong thirc thi nghiem trudc phun; Ca: Sd sAu sdng ci edng thirc ddi chimg sau phun; Cb: Sd sau sdng ci eong thire ddi chimg trucic phun.
* Phuang phip xic dinh n^g suat
- Sd cay ducpc thu hoaeh: dim sd cAy dupc thu hoaeh
Tdng sd cAy dupc thu hoaeh
%) cay ducpc thu hoaeh xlOO
Tdng sd cAy trdng
- Khdi lupng TB bAp (kg): CAn khdi lupng timg cay rdi edng lai va chia trung binh.
- Nang suat d (kg): can true tiip sau thu hoaeh khdi lupng bAp tren mdi d thi nghiem.
- Nang suAt ly thuyit (tan/ha): Khdi lupng trung binh bap x % sd cAy dupc thu hoaeh x mat dd cAy/ha.
- Nang suAt thuc thu (tan/ha): Can true tiip khdi lupng bAp sau thu hoaeh eiia mdi cong thire thi nghiem ci 3 lan nhAe lai, sau dd quy ddi ra 1 ha.
Ul. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Diin biin rf p hai cAi bap trong vu ddng xuAn sdm 2010 tai ThAi Nguyen
Di6n tiAr\ r^ h9i bip c^ qua dc try ihu tra
- Diifi bi6n r$p h^i t4p c^ qua cdc ky likj tra
NglydMgba
Hinh 1. Diin biin rip hai bAp cai qua cAc k^ diiu tra Qua hinh 1 ta thay: Trong quA trinh sinh trudng, phat trien eua cai bap trong vu ddng xuan scim nam 2010 tai ThAi Nguyin, rep xuAt hiin va gay hai ngay tir khi dieu tra dau tien (ngay 25/8/2010, tire 5 ngay sau trdng), sau dd mat dp rep tiep tuc tAng va dat cao diim thir nhAt vao ngAy 29/9, vcri mat dp trung binh 426,57 eon/m' va eao diem thir 2 vAo ngay 8/11, vdi mat dp 658,43 con/m^; sau dd mat dp rip giam dAn eho den khi thu hoaeh, vdi mat dp trung binh chi dat 196,52 con/nr.
2. Hi^u lire cua djch ngAm hat, IA xoan Neem vA ehi pham Vineem 1 SOOEC trong phdng trir r^p had bAp cAi vu ddng xuAn som 2010 tai ThAi Nguyen
a. Ket qua thinghiem tiong phdng
Bang 1. Hi^u luc cua djch ngAm hat, IA xoan Neem vA chi phAm Vineem 1 SOOEC trong phdng trir rfp hai
bAp cai
TT
1 2 3
Cong thirc
Phun dich ngam la xoan Phun dich ngam
hat xoan Chi pham Vineem 1500EC
Hieu lire cua cac cong thut: trir r^p (%) sau phun
1 ngay
40,0 41,7 41,7
3 ngay
65,0 71,7 76,7
5 ngay
81,7 90,0 95,0
7 ngay
90,0 95,0 98,3 LSDo5=l,57
B CX3 Id xoan
• 0 0 h^l xoan ID Vineem 1500eC
1 njiy 3 ngay 5 ngiy Sau phun... ngiy
7ngiy
Hmh 2. Hi^u lire oia djch ngAm hat, IA xoan Neem vA chi phAm Vineem 1500EC trong phdng trir r^p hai
bAp cai
Qua bang 1 vA hmh 2 cho thay: Trong phdng thi nghiim, dung dieh ngAm IA, hat xoan va ehi pham Vineem 1500EC deu phAt huy hiiu luc trir rep nhanh
(sau phun 1 ngAy hieu lue dat 40,0 din 41,7%), sau dd hieu lue trir rep tAng nhanh sau phun 3-5 ngay vA dat eao nhat sau phun 7 ngay. Trong dd, hiiu lire trir rep cua ehi pham Vineem 1500EC va dung djeh ngAm hat xoan dat (98,3% vA 95,0%) cao hon so vcri dung dich ngam IA xoan (90%) or mirc dp tin cay 95%.
Hiiu lire trir rip cua ehi pham Vineem 1500EC dat 98,3%, eao hon hiiu lue cua dung dieh ngam hat xoan 3,3%, nhung su sai khAc nAy khdng cd y nghla.
b. Ket qua thi nghiem ngoai ddng rudng xic dinh hieu luc cda dich ngam hat, la xoan Neem va chdpham Vineem 1500EC trong phdng tru rep hai bip cii
KHOA HOC CbNG N G H l
Bang 2. Hiiu luc ciia dieh ngAm hat, lA xoan Neem vA chi phAm Vineem 1500EC trong phdng trir r$p hai
bAp cAi (thi nghidm ngoai ruong)
TT Cong thuc
Phun dich ngam la xoan
Phun dich ngam hat xoan Che pham Vineem 1500EC
Hieu lire cua cac cong there tru rep (%) sau phun 1
ngay 27,7
31,8 33,9
3 ngay
55,8 74,3 81,1
5 ngay
61,0 79,7 86,9
7
"gay 61,3 80,6
LSDo, = 0,88 LSD05 = 1,46
Hl^u life ciia dich ngini bat, ii loan NwflivicliiphimVltie«in1SO0ECtmg pli6ngliv ifp hai bip cii
OVinumlSOtC;
3ng}y Srga, SIU phwi „. ngiy
Hinh 3. Hiiu luc cua djch ngAm hat, IA xoan Neem vA chi phAm Vineem 1500EC trong phdng trir rip h ^
bAp cai (Thi nghiim ngoAi rudng)
Qua bang 2 va hinh 3 eho thay: O ngoAi ddng rudng, hieu luc cua dich ngam la xoan, hat xoan va
hai bAp cAi thap hon so vdi kit qua thi nghiem trong phdng tu 8,7 - 10,0%. Tuy nhien, cung gidng nhu kit qua thi nghiem trong phdng, hieu luc ciia cac cong thuc thi nghiem dat cao nhat ddi vcri rep hai bap cai sau phun 7 ngay. Trong dd, hiiu lire tru rep eao nhat IA chi pham Vineem 1500EC, dat 88,3%; tiep dd din dung dich ngAm hat xoan, dat 80,6% (diap hon so vdi chi pham Vineem 1500EC 7,7%) vA diu cao hon dung dich ngam la xoan dr mirc dp tin cay 99%.
Hieu lire trir rep ciia chi pham Vineem 1500EC dat 88,3%, cao hem hieu luc ciia dung dich ngam hat xoan 7,7% b mirc dp tin cay 95%.
Qua dd ta thay, di phdng trir rep bao ve cAy trdng, ngudi nong dan cd the sir dung IA, hat xoan Neem hay chi pham Vineem 1500EC thay thi cho viec diing thudc hda hpc. Vcri bien phAp nAy, hieu qua diet trir khA cao, an toAn din sire khde con ngudi, bao ve nhirng loAi cd ich vA bao ve moi trudng, ddng thdi khdng cd du lupng thude tdn du trong ndng san pham.
Khi sir dung IA, hat xoan Neem, ngudi nong dAn ed thi hoan toan chii dpng trong viec bAo v$ cAy trdng, ddng thdi bidn phAp nay vira don gian, di lAm, vira re hoAe khdng mAt tiin.
3. Anh hudng ciia viic diing chi phAm Vineem 1500EC vA dich ngAm aia la, hat xoan Neem din nAng suat bAp cAi vu dong xuAn sbm 2010 tai ThAi Nguydn
ciia ehi pham Vineem 1500EC trong phdng trir rep
Bang 3. Anh hudng cua viic diing chi phAm Vineem 1500EC vA djch ngAm cua IA, hat xoan Neem din nAng suAt bAp eai
Cdng thiie CTI: Nuoc lA (D/C)
CT2:DDlAxoan CT3:DD hat xoan CT4: Vineem 1500EC
SdcAy ducx: thu
hoaeh 170 178 199 195
%cAy dupc thu
hoaeh 80,95 84,76 94,76 92,86
Khdi lupng TBbap
(kg) 0,9 0,95 1,04 1,043
Nang suAt ly thuyit (tAn/ha)
25,50 28,18 34,49 33,90
NAng suat thuc thu (tan/ha)
11,56 15,92*
16,32*
16,79*
CV = 7,2%
LSD05 = 3,1 tAn/ha Qua bang 3 vA hinh 4 cho thay: Nang suat bAp
cai d cac cdng thire phun chi pham Vineem 1500EC va phun dung dieh ngAm hat, IA xoan diu cao hon so vdi cdng thirc ddi chirng or mire dp tin cay 95%. Trong dd, nang suait eua edng thirc phun chi pham Vineem
1500EC la eao nhat, dat 16,79 tan/ha; tiip din la eong thirc phun dung dieh ngAm hat xoan dat 16,32 tan/ha, ldn hon nAng suat or cdng thirc phun dung dich ngam la xoan 0,4 tan/ha, nhung sir sai khAc giira 3 cdng tiiire nay khdng ed y nghla.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2011
53Ning suit bjp cai vu dong xuin s6rm 2010
Nuftc li (D/C) 0 0 14 xoan 0 0 hai xoan Vineem 1500EC Cdng thirc thi nghidm
Hinh 4. Anh hudng cnia viic dimg chi pham Vineem ISOOEC vA cnia IA, hat xoan Neem din nang suat bap cai
IV. KET LUAN VA DE l\IGH|
Hiiu luc etia dich ngAm la xoan, hat xoan va ciia che pham Vineem ISOOEC dat cao nhat ddi vcM rep hai bAp eai sau phun 7 ngAy. Trong dd, hiiu lue eiia chi pham Vmeem ISOOEC eao nhat, dat 88,3%; tiip dd den dung dich ngAm hat xoan, dat 80,6% (thAp hon so vcri ehi pham Vineem ISOOEC 7,7%) vA diu cao hem dung dich ngam la xoan cr mirc dd tin eay 99%. Hieu lire trir rep ciia ehi pham Vineem ISOOEC dat 88,3%, cao hon hieu luc cua dung dich ngAm hat
xoan 7,7% or mue dp tin cay 95%.
Phuong phap sir dung dung dieh ngAm IA vA hat xoan Neem don giAn, d i thuc hiin ddi vdi nong dAn.
Mat khae, vdi each nAy ngudi ndng dan cd the chu ddng trong viic trir rep gAy hai de bao vi eay trdng, ddng thdi khdng gAy d nhiim mdi trudng, khdng anh hudng din sue khde eon ngudi, nhirng loAi ed ich, khdng ed du lupng hda chat tdn du trong san pham.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Frische R., Karl E., Lehmann W. and Proeseler G., 1972. Tierisehe Vektoren pflanzenpathologener Viren. G. Fischer Verlag:
Stuttgart.
2. Hill S. A., 1983. Viruses of Brassiea crops.
Appl. Ent. A.72.
3. Hoffmann G. M. & Schmutterer H., 1999.
Parasitaere Krankheiten und Schaedlinge an landwirtsehaftlichen Kulturpflanzen. E. Ulmer Verlag: Stuttgart.
4. Pham Binh Quyin, 1995. Hien trang d nhiem moi trudng do sir dung hda chat trong ndng nghiep.
Thdng tm mdi truong. Bd KHCN&MT 3 (1-2).
THE EFFECT OF SOAKING LEAVES AND SEED SOLUTION OF CHINA TREE NEEM AND VINEEM ISOOEC PRODUCT TO THE PREVENTION OF MYZUS PERSICAE AND BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE ON
CABBAGE IN THAI NGUYEN
Bui Lan Anh, Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen Huu Tho Summary
The effect of soaking leaves and seed solution of China tree Neem and Vineem ISOOEC reached the highest proportion for cabbage aphides after 7 - injection - day. In particular, the highest effect of aphides ebmination is Vineem ISOOEC preparations, reaching 88.3%, then the seeds of China tree Neem soaking soluUon, reaching 80.6% leaves soaking soluUon, reaching 61.3%. The method of using liquid soaking seeds and leaves of Neem is quite simple and specially easy for farmers to implement. On the other hand, by this method the farmers can take the initiative in excluding harmful aphides to protect crop, also not to pollute the environment or to affect to the human health. Concretely, these species are useful without residues of chemical residues in products.
Key words.- Vegetable bug (Brevicoryne brassiae), cabbage bug (Murgantia histriomica), VineemlSOOEC (trade name of product), Margosa tree (Azadirachta indica).
Ngudi phan biin: PGS.TS. L6 Luong T i
