Giai phap nang cao si/ hai long cua ngu'di hoc va dao tao
dap uVig nhu cau cua xa hoi
LCTdNG THO HA' LCfdNG THa HIEN"
Tdm t^t
Nghiin cffu dugc tie'n hdnh ddi vdi Chuang trinh ddo tgo dinh hudng ffng dung (Profession- Oriented Higher Education - POHE) tgi Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh ti' Qudc ddn vdi 4 khoa dang theo hgc (Iff khdo. 58-61. 846 sinh vien) thudc cd 5 chuyin ngdnh: Quan tri khdch sgn. Qudn tri Iff hdnh, Truyin thong Marketing, Qudn tri kinh doanh thuang mgi vd Lugt kinh doanh. Viec nghiin cffu todn bd mdu vdi sdsinh vien hien dang theo hgc cd 5 chuyin ngdnh cua POHE d 4 khoa hgc, Id mdt nS lUc nhdm dung nin biic tranh long the cdc nhdn td tdc dgng di'n sU hdi ldng cua ngUdi hgc ddi vdi mot chuang trinh ddo tgo dd dugc xdy dUng 12 ndm, sdn phdm cua su hop tdc trong Du dn Gido due dgi hgc Viet Nam - Hd Lan tff ndm 2005.
Tif khoa: su hdi long cda ngudi hgc. sdn phdm hap tdc, nhu cdu xa hgi
Summary
This study conducts a survey of 846 students from 58"' course lo 61" course of Profession- Oriented Higher Education (POHE) al the National Economics University. They are pursuing all 5 majors of POHE, which are Hospitality Management, Travel Management, Marketing Communications, Commercial Business Administration and Business Law. The analysis of aforementioned samples aims to find out factors that influence learners' satisfaction with a training program that has been built for 12 years - a result of cooperation from the Vietnam- Netherlands Higher Education Project since 2005.
Keywords: learners' satisfaction, result of cooperation, social needs
GIOI THIEU cd sd giao due dai hpc, ma cdn xua't phdt tff chinh nhu cau cua ngffdi sff dung lao ddng.
Trong giao due dai hpc chuyen Nghidn cffu nay tap trung danh gia sff hai long cua nghidp, edc cd sddao tao vffa phai hffdng ngtfdi hoe tren ede khia eanh khac nhau iff cac hoat de'n mue tieu khong ngifng nang eao sff dgng tff va'n ehuydn mdn, chffdng trinh dao tao, cha't hki long cua ngffdi hpc, vffa cung cap lffdng giang day, hd trd tai chinh va hpc phi, cd sd vat ngudn nhdn life cha't Iffdng cao dap ffng ehd't, danh tid'ng cua trffdng va mdi trffdng hpc tap ndi ydu eau cua thi trffdng lao ddng. Dd dap chung. Tff ke't qua danh gia dd, mpt so' dinh hffdng va ffng mtJC tidu kep do, ben eanh cac hoat giai phap se dffdc de xud't vffa de ndng cao sff hai long ddng eai tid'n chffdng trinh va ndng cao cua ngffdi hpe vffa nham cung ed'p dffdc ngudn nhdn life chd't Iffdng ddo tao, md'i quan he hdp tac ehd't Iffdng eao ddp ffng nhu cau cua xa hgi.
giffa trffdng dai hoe vdi doanh nghiep ndi
rieng, vdi the gidi nghe nghiep (cong CO Sd LY THUYET VA PHU'CNG PHAP gidi, Worid of Work - WoW) ndi chung la NGHIEN COu
mdt van de da va dang nhdn dffdc nhieu
quan tam tren the gidi, trong khoang iff Ccf sof ly thuyet va thffc td'
3 de'n 4 thdp ky cud'i thd' ky 20. 6 Viet POHE la chffdng trinh giao due dai hpc theo dinh Nam hidn nay. ddy cung la va'n de nhan hffdng ffng dung thuoe Dff an Giao due dai hgc Viet dffdc sff quan tam ra't Idn khdng chi tff cdc Nam - Ha Lan, dffdc bat dau vao dau nam 2005; vdi
*TS., Tru'dng Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc dan
" T o n g cue Day n g h i , B6 Lao dong - Thifdng blnh va Xa hot Ngdy nhdn bdi: 29/6/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 20/7/2020; Ngdy duyei ddng: 25/7/2020
muc tieu ndng cao nang lffc nghd nghidp cua sinh vien, bdng edch xdy diJng cac chffdng trinh dao tao Id'y nhu c^u eua thi trffdng lao dgng lam trung tam. Dff an nay dffdc van hanh trdn nguydn ly "hgc di doi vdi hanh",
"ly luan gan lien vdi thffc tiSn" nham muc dich tao ra ngudn nhdn lffc chd't Iffdng cao, ddp ffng nhu cau sff dung ngay cang cao cua doanh nghiep va xa hgi. Day la mpt chffdng trinh dac thu tff kd't cd'u chffdng trinh de'n each thffc to chffc qua trinh dao tao.
Trifdng Dai hgc Kinh te' Quo'c ddn di vao xay difng POHE va bat dau tuydn sinh tff nam 2008. Muc tieu dat ra eua POHE tai Trffdng Dai hgc Kinh td' Qud'c ddn eung nham: Ndng cao nang Iffe nghe nghidp eua sinh vien bang cdeh xay di/ng cdc chffdng trinh dao tao xua't phdt tff nhu cau cua thi tru'dng lao ddng; thffe hien chinh saeh mang tinh dot phd "dao tao theo nhu cau xa hgi", hinh thanh md hinh dao tao theo dinh hffdng ffng dimg. Hang ky, sinh vidn vffa hgc ly thuye't tren Idp, vffa dffdc dd'n thffe hanh, thffc te' tai cac doanh nghidp.
Trai qua hdn 10 nam xay dffng va to chffc thffc hien, mac dil ede cai tien, doi mdi ludn difdc chu trgng thffc hidn nham dap ffng td't hdn nhu cau eua ngffdi hpc, cung nhff ngffdi sff dung lao ddng, nhiftig chffdng trinh khd tranh khoi nhiftig diem han chd' va ba't cap. Mat khae, dtog trffdc yeu c^u hpi nhdp, trong xu the canh tranh ngay cang gay gdt giffa cac cd sd dao tao dai hpe va thdm chi la giffa cdc chffdng tnnh trong cung mpt cd sd dao tao da dat ra cho cdc ddn vi nay, nhiMg ddi hdi phai thay ddi trong ca quan diem va each thffe td chffc qua trinh dao tao.
Trong nghien effu nay, nhdm tac gia tap trung hffdng nghien ciJu theo md hinh danh gia mffc dp hai ldng cua sinh vien do Farahmandian va cpng sif (2013) nghien effu va de xua't. Theo dd, cae nhan to gdp phan vao sff thda man cua sinh vien dffde tie'p can tff quan diem cha't Iffdng dieh vu cdm nhdn (Perceived service quality).
Ngoai ra, nhdm tac gia cung kd't hdp sff dung md hinh ddnh gid mffc do hai long cua sinh vien do Jurkowitsch va cgng sff (2006), Douglas va edng sif (2006) de xud't.
Ddng thdi, co bo sung them nhan td' "Md'i quan hd vdi dd'i tde/eong gidi" trong viec danh gia va do Iffdng cac nhdn td'anh hffdng dd'n sff hai long cua ngu'di hpc ddi vdi nganh/chifdng trinh, ma hp dang theo hpc. Nhff vay, cae nhan td dffdi ddy se dffdc xem xet va ddnh gid:
- Tff va'n chuyen mon (Farahmandian vacdng sff, 2013) - Chffdng Qinh dao tao (Farahmandian va cpng su; 2013}
- Chat Iffdng giang day (Farahmandian va eong sif, 2013) - Hd trd tai chinh va hoc phi (Farahmandian va edng sff, 2013)
- Cd sd vdt cha't (Farahmandian va cpng sff, 2013) - Uy tin va thffdng hieu ciia trffdng (Jurkowitsch va cdng sff, 2006)
- Moi trffdng giang day - hoe tap (Douglas va cong sff. 2006)
- Md'i quan he cong gidi/do'i tdc (Dac thu cua chffdng trinh POHE)
Phffdng phap nghien ctfu
Tie'n hanh nghidn cffu dinh ltfdng chinh thffc bang phffdng phap khao sat trffc tie'p bdng phie'u dieu tra
bang hdi doi vdi ta't ea sinh ^ len dang theo hoe chffdng trinh POHE Mioa 5S 59, 60 va 61 cua ca 5 chu}^n nganh (Quan tri Khach san, Quan tn '^ "J"'V Truydn thdng Marketing, Quan tn kinh doanh thffdng mai va Luat kmh doanh) vdi 846 mau. Thdi gian tien ^ ^ " " ^ ^ ^ sdt dffdc thffc hien trong thdng U/2019 (Bdi vii't sff dung cdch vie't so thdp phan theo chudn qudc ti).
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU VA THAO LUAN
Tho'ng kd md ta m l u ^ Vdi sd phid'u phdt ra la 850 phieu tffdng ffng sd sinh vidn theo hpc, sd phid'u thu ve va dam bao cha't Iffdng la 685 phie'u, dat 80.6%. Qua sang Ipe lan 2 sd phie'u dat yeu eau la 642 phie'u, dat 75.5%. Ke't qua khao sat thu dffdc the hien tinh dai dien cao khi cd sff ddng deu ve ty Id giffa ea 5 nganh hgc. Trong tdng sd642 phid'u thu dffdc, nganh POHE Qudn tri khdch san chid'm ty le phan hdi cao nhaft vdi 29%. Tid'p theo la POHE Truyen thdng Marketing va POHE Quan tri Iff hanh ed ty Id tffdng ddng chie'm 21%. Thd'p nha't la POHE Qudn tri kinh doanh thffdng mai va Luat kinh doanh vdi ty Id chi chie'm 10%. Dieu nay ed the ly giai dffa vao Iffdng sinh vidn dang theo hpe, vdi nganh ed dong smh vien theo hpe nha't la Quan trj khdeh san va thap nha't la Ludt.
Danh gia stf hai long cua ngtfcfi hpc do'i vm POHE
Vegido vien chd nhiem/cdvdn hpc tgp Nhin chung, sinh vien cd mffe do hai Idng cao dd'i vdi cdng tdc giao vidn chu nhiem vdi vai trd cd'va'n hgc tap. Trong dd, eae khia canh nhff: "Cd kid'n thffc td't de giai ddp cac thac m^c eua smh vien", "Ludn sdn sang khi sinh vidn can dd'n", "Dffa ra nhffng ldi khuydn hffu ich", "Kha nang tif van cdc van de lien quan de'n chffdng trinh dao tao" dffdc danh gid eao nhat, cd bien dg ddng ^ dao ddng quanh mffc 70% (Hinh I).
Ddy la mffc danh gia cao. phu hdp vdi thffc te hoat dgng khi cac LIJO vien chu nhiem dffdc phan cong tdi i
kh^ chac ly Hch, dieu kie;
kd't qua hgc tap... cua sir.
ldp minh phu trach. thffdng tac vdi gia dinh ciia phu hi quyd't cdc thu liic lien qu trinh va chifdng trinh dao ti
; Idp, ndm '.in canh, n trong 1tffdng '-i giai qud
38
Tuy nhidn, nhdn td "Khk nang tff van cho sinh vidn vd cac vd'n dd ca nhan"
drfdc ddnh gia tha'p vdi mffc hai Idng chi Id 42.4% - thap nhd't h-ong nhdm tidu chi nay. Dieu nay cho thd'y, dang cd sff qua tai trong quy md quan ly ldp, khi ma trung binh cff mdi gido vidn chu nhiem dang quan ly khoang 400-500 sinh vien.
Do gidi han ve quy md tuydn dung, cac gido vien chia nhidm thffdng chu trgng nhieu hdn tdi tff vd'n vd dao tao va cac quyen ldi cua sinh vidn.
Ve khung chiidng trinh ddo tgo Phin ldn sinh vien eho rang "mue tieu dao tao/chu^n dau ra cua chffdng trinh ddo tao ra't rd rang" vdi 412 ddnh gid
"Hai Idng" ehie'm ty Id 64.2%. Cac nhdn to khae trong khung chffdng trinh dao tao.
nhff: "Mffc dd phu hdp vdi chuyen nganh/
chuydn mdn sdu", "Mffe dd phil hdp ve yeu cau cua chffdng trinh ddo tao" hay
"Mffc do rd rang va cd sdn cffa cdc thong tin ve cae hoc phan " chi nhan dffdc srf hdi ldng d mffc trung binh tff 51.4%-56.7%
(Hinh 2), Ngoai ra, rd't ddng chu y la cd tdi hdn 60% sinh vidn cho rdng khdng cd nhidu hgc phan de Irfa chgn dd'i vdi cdc mdn hpc chuydn nganh. Didu nay cung la mdt va'n dd tdn tai va can sdm drfdc hodn thien, vi day Id khd'i kid'n thffc quan trgng, cd't ye'u, trffc tid'p quyd't dinh de'n kien thffc, ky nang va thai dd nghe nghiep cua sinh vien sau td't nghiep.
Ve chdt Iffdng ddo tgo
Nhin ehung, sff the hien cua giang vidn trong qud trinh giang day va vdi sinh vien drfdc ddnh gid khd to't. Giang vien drfdc ddnh gia la "Giang day rd't nhiet tinh", vdi ty Id 64.8% sinh vidn ddng y; "Giang vidn ludn sdn sdng hrfdng ddn sinh vidn trong hpc tap va phdt trien ban than" chid'm ty Id 65.6%
va "Chuan bi ky Irfdng bai giang va cac budi hrfdng dSn hoe, hrfdng ddn thrfc hanh" (ty le 67.3%). Ngffdc lai, d mffc dp hai Idng thd'p hdn la eae nhdn td' "Chffdng trinh ngi dung dffijc sap xe'p nguyen tde", "Sinh vien dffdc cung ca'p day du thdng tin" va "Sff tffdng tdc giffa ngrfdi hoe vdi giang vien" vdi mffc dp hdi long nam trong mffc 49.5%-57.8%.
Ty le ndy d mffe trung binh. Tha'p nhat la mffe dd hai long ve Phffdng phap giang day va tai heu giang day, iln lffdt la 42.8% vd 43.9%>. Trong dd, sff tffdng tac giffa giang vien va sinh vien chffa thffc sff hidu qua va tai lieu giang day thie'u sd'ng ddng de hd'p ddn sinh vidn.
HIMH 1: mio. Dp HAI LONG VCJl GlAO VIEN CHG NHIEM TRONG VAI TRO Til VAN CHGYEN MON
HINH 2: KET QUA KHAO SAT DANH GlA VE KHONG CHtfdNG TRINH DAO TAO
HINH 3' DANH GlA VE CHAT LCTpNG DAO TAO
hcrong phSp giing day rdt 1 1 ^ qu^ •
HINH 4: DANH GLA VE C H A T LCfgiNG DAO TAG
QL in Mhom tac gia nqhien cuu tdnc
Ve hd trd tdi chinh
Sinh vien cd danh gid khdng tich cffc ve edc y kid'n lien quan ddn "Hd trd tai chlnh" dffdc eung cap tff md hinh td chffc dao tao POHE. Trong dd, mffc hpc phi nhdn dffde mffc dp hai long la thd'p nha't. Mffc do hai long cao nha't Id vide cd "Nhieu hgc bdng danh cho sinh vidn xua't sac" (59.8%). Cdc nhdn to' nhdn dffdc mffe do hdi long thd'p hdn 50% la do trong van hdnh cdn thid'u hdp ly, nhff: "Lmh hoat trong thanh todn hge phi, Id phi";
"Phffdng thffc va quy trinh thanh todn phi"; "Mffc hoc phi phu hdp" (Hinh 4).
Ve casd vdt chdt
Phan ldn nhffng nhan to' nhan dffde stf hai long eua sinh vien nha't la ve dja diem hpc tap va tff hge, phdng hpc mdy va thff vien. Cu the Id edc nhdm nhan to': "Co san nhffng ndi yen tinh trong trffdng hoc de hpc nhdm", "Dia diem cdc giang dffdng phu hdp va thudn tien", "Cdc phdng may tinh dam bao so' Iffdng va cd san", "Thff vien dam bao ve khdng gian va sdn
muc tieu ndng cao nang life nghe nghiep eua sinh vien, bang each xdy dffng cac chffdng tnnh dao tao lay nhu cau eua thi trffdng lao dgng ldm trung tdm. Dff dn nay dffdc van hanh trdn nguyenjy "hpc di ddi vdi hanh",
"Iy ludn gan lien vdi thffc tidn" nhdm muc dich tao ra ngudn nhan life cha't Iffdng cao, ddp ffng nhu cau sff dung ngay cdng cao cua doanh nghidp va xa hdi. Day la mgt chffdng trinh dac thu tff kd'l eau chffdng trinh dd'n each thffe td chffc qua trinh dao tao.
Trffdng Dai hgc Kinh te'Qudc ddn di vdo xay difng POHE va bdt dau tuyen sinh tff nam 2008. Muc tidu dat ra cua POHE tai Trrfdng Dai hgc Kinh le Qud'e dan cung nham: Ndng cao nang Irfc nghe nghidp cua sinh vien bdng cdch xay drfng cdc chffdng ttinh dao tao xud't phdt tif nhu cau cua thi tnfdng lao ddng; thffc hidn chinh sdch mang tinh dot phd "dao tao theo nhu cau xa hdi", hinh thdnh md hinh dao tao theo dinh hffdng ffng dung. Hang k^, sinh vien vffa hgc ly thuye't tren ldp, vffa dffde de'n thffc hanh. thffc td' tai edc doanh nghidp.
Trai qua hdn 10 nam xay difng va td chffe thrfe hien, mae du cde cai tid'n, ddi mdi ludn dffde chu U-png thffc hidn nham dap fftig td't hdn nhu cau cija ngffdi hpc, eung nhff ngffdi sff dung lao dgng, nhifng chffdng trinh khd trdnh khdi nhiJhg diem han ehe va ba't cap. Mat khdc, dutig trrfdc yeu cau hdi nhdp, trong xu the'canh tranh ngay cang gay gat giffa cdc cd sd dao tao dai hgc va tham chi la giffa cac chffdng tnnh trong ciing mdt cd sd dao tao da dat ra cho cac ddn vi nay, nhffng doi hdi phai thay doi trong ca quan diem vd each thffc td chffc qua trinh dao tao.
Trong nghidn cifu nay, nhdm tac gia tap trung hffdng nghien cffu theo md hinh ddnh gid mffc do hdi ldng cua sinh vidn do Farahmandian va cgng ,srf (2013) nghien effu va de xua't. Theo dd, cdc nhan to'gdp phan vdo srf thda man cua sinh vidn drfdc tid'p can tff quan diem chat Irfdng dich vu cam nhdn (Perceived service quality).
Ngoai ra, nhdm tdc gid cung kd't hdp sff dung md hinh ddnh gid mffe dp hdi ldng cua sinh vidn do Jurkowitsch va cdng sff (2006), Douglas va cgng sff (2006) de xua't.
Ddng thdi, cd bo sung thdm nhan to' "Md't quan he vdi dd'i tdc/cdng gidi" trong vide ddnh gid va do Iffdng cac nhan to' anh hffdng de'n sff hai long cua ngffdi hpc dd'i vdi nganh/chffdng trinh, ma hg dang theo hpc. Nhff vay, cac nhan to'dffdi day se dffde xem xet va danh gia:
- Tff vail chuyen mon (Farahmandian va cgng sff, 2013) - Chffdng trinh dao tao (Farahmandian va cpng sff, 2013) - Chat Iffdng giang day (Farahmandian va cpng sff, 2013) - Hd trd tai chinh va hoc phi (Farahmandian va cdng Sff, 2013)
- Cd sd vdt cha't (Farahmandian va cdng sff, 2013) - Uy tin va thffdng hidu eua trffdng (Jurkowitsch va cdng sff, 2006)
- Mdi trffdng giang day - hoc tap (Douglas va cdng sff. 2006)
- Md'i quan he edng gidi/dd'i tde (Dae ihii cua chrfdng trinh POHE)
Phffdng phap nghien ctfu
Tid'n hanh nghien cu'u dinh Irfdng chinh thffc bang phrfdng phap khao sat trffc tie'p bang phie'u dieu tra
bang hdi doi vdi ta't ca MP!' vien dang theo hoc chffdng trinh POHE khoa 3».
59, 60 va 61 cua cd 5 chu>en nganh (Qudn tri Khdch san. Quan in Iff hanh Truyen thdng Marketing. Quan tri kinti doanh thffdng mai va Luat kinh doanh) vdi 846 mdu. Thdi gian tien hanh khao sdt dffdc thffc hien trong thang 11/2019 (Bdi vii'l sff dung cdch vii'l so thap phan theo chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU VA THAO LUAN
Thd'ng ke md ta mSu
Vdi so' phie'u phdt ra la 850 phie'u tffdng tJng sd sinh vien theo hgc, sd phid'u thu ve va dam bao chd't Iffdng Id 685 phie'u, dat 80.6%. Qua sang lpc iln 2 so' phid'u dat ydu elu la 642 phid'u, dat 75.5% Kd't qua khao sdt thu dffdc the hidn tinh dai didn eao khi cd sff ddng deu ve ty Id giffa ea 5 nganh hpe. Trong tdng sd642 phieu thu dffdc, nganh POKE Quan tri khach san chie'm ty le phan hdi cao nhd't vdi 29%. Tie'p theo la POHE Truyen thong Marketing vd POHE Quan tri Iff hanh cd ty le tffdng ddng chiem 21%. Thd'p nha't la POHE Quan tri kinh doanh thffdng mai va Ludt kinh doanh vdi ty Id chi chie'm 10%. Dieu nay ed the ly giai dffa vao Iffdng sinh vien dang theo hgc, vdi nganh cd ddng sinh vien theo hgc nha't la Quan tri khach san va tha'p nhd't la Ludt.
Danh gia stf hai long cua ngtfcfi hi^c d6'i vdi POHE
Vegido vien chu nhiem/cdvdn hgc tdp Nhin chung, sinh vien cd mffc dp hdi Idng cao do'i vdi cdng tdc giao vien chu nhidm vdi vai trd cd'va'n hpc tdp. Trong dd, cac khia canh nhff: "Cd kien thffc td't dd' giai dap cac thac mdc cua sinh vidn", "Ludn san sang khi sinh vien can de'n", "Dffa ra nhffng Idi khuyen hiJu ich", "Kha nang tff van cdc van de lien quan dd'n chffdng trinh dao tao" dffdc ddnh gia cao nha't, cd bidn dp ddng y dao ddng quanh mffc 70% (Hinh 1).
Ddy la mffc danh gid cao. phu hdp vdi thffc td'boat dpng khi cac-,.io vidn chu nhiem dffdc phan edng tdi II kha chac ly lich, dieu kiei ke't qua hpc tap... ciia sin ldp minh phy trdch, thrfdnL tdc vdi gia dinh cua phu hi.
quyd'i cdc thu tuc lien qu trinh va chffdng irinh dao iv
Idp, nam
•in canh, n trong
!tffdng li giai qud
38
Tuy nhien, nhdn to' "Kha nang tff va'n cho sinh vidn ve cac vd'n de cd nhan"
dffdc ddnh gid thd'p vdi mffc hdi ldng chi Id 42.4% - thd'p nhd't trong nhdm tidu chi n^y. Dieu nay cho tha'y, dang ed sff qud tdi trong quy md quan ly ldp, khi ma trung binh cff mdi gido vidn ehu nhiem dang qudn 1^ khoang 400-500 sinh vien.
Do gidi han ve quy md tuydn dimg, cac gido vidn chu nhidm thffdng chu trgng nhidu hdn tdi tff va'n ve dao tao va cac quyen Idi cua sinh vien.
Ve khung chiiOng trinh ddo tgo Phan Idn sinh vidn cho rang "mue tidu dao tao/chuan diu ra eua chffdng trinh dao tao rd't rd rang" vdi 412 ddnh gid
"Hdi Idng" chid'm ty Id 64.2%. Cdc nhdn tdkhac trong khung chffdng trinh dao tao, nhff: "Mffe dd phu hdp vdi chuydn nganh/
chuyen mdn sau", "Mffc dp phu hdp ve ydu clu cua chffdng tnnh dao tao" hay
"Mffc dd rd rang va ed sdn cua cde thdng tin ve cdc hpc phin " chi nhdn dffdc sff hai Idng d mffc trung binh tff 51.4%-56.7%
(Hinh 2). Ngoai ra, rd't ddng chu y la ed tdi hdn 60% sinh vien eho rang khdng ed nhieu hpc phan de lffa chpn dd'i vdi cdc mon hpc chuydn nganh. Dieu nay cung la mdt va'n de tdn tai va cin sdm dffdc hoan thidn, vi day la khd'i kid'n thffe quan trgng, cd't yd'u, trffc tie'p quyd't dinh de'n kie'n thffc, ky ndng va thai dp nghe nghiep eua sinh vien sau td't nghiep.
Ve chdt lU^ng ddo tgo
Nhin chung, stf the hien cua giang vien trong qua trinh giang day va vdi sinh vidn dffdc danh gid khd td't. Giang vidn dffdc ddnh gia Id "Giang day rat nhidt tinh", vdi ty Id 64.8% sinh vien ddng y; "Giang vidn ludn sdn sang hffdng dan sinh vien trong hpc tap va phdt trien ban than" chid'm ty Id 65.6%
vd "Chuan bi ky Iffdng bdi giang va cdc budi hffdng ddn hpc, hffdng ddn thffc hanh" (ty Id 67.3%). Ngffdc lat, d mffc do hdi Idng thd'p hdn la cde nhan td "Chffdng trinh npi dung dffde sap xe'p nguydn tdc", "Sinh vidn dffdc eung ca'p day du thdng tin" va "Stf tffdng tae giffa ngffdi hpc vdi giang vidn" vdi mffc dp hdi Idng nam trong mffc 49.5%-57.8%.
Ty le nay d mffc trung binh. Tha'p nha't la mffc dd hdi Idng ve Phffdng phap giang day vd tai lidu giang day, lan Itfdt id 42.8% va 43.9%. Trong dd, sff tffdng tdc giffa giang vien vd sinh vien chffa thffc sff hieu qua vd tai lieu giang day thie'u sd'ng dpng de ha'p dan sinh vien.
HINH 1: Mdc D O HAI LONG VCJl GIAO VIEN CHU NHlgM TRONG VAI TRO TO' VAN CHGYEN MON
HINH 2: KET QGA KHAO SAT DANH GlA V6 KHGNG CHddNG TRINH DAO TAO
lungctiutrng Innh phu ll
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HINH 3: DANH GIA VE CHAT Ld0NG D A O TAO
HINH 4: DANH GlA VE C H A T LtfONG DAO TAO
""q n Nhom tac gia nghien cuu lof i
Ve ho tra tdi chinh
Sinh vidn ed ddnh gia khdng tich effe ve cac y kid'n lien quan de'n "Ho trd tai ehinh" dtfdc cung ca'p iff md hinh td chffc dao tao POHE. Trong do, mffc hpc phi nhdn dffdc mffc dd hai long la thd'p nha't. Mffc dp hdi long cao nha't la vide cd "Nhieu hgc bong danh cho sinh vidn xua't sdc" (59.8%). Cdc nhdn to' nhdn dffdc mffc dd hdi Idng thd'p hdn 50% la do trong van hanh edn thid'u hdp ly, nhff: "Linh hoat trong thanh todn hge phi. Id phi";
"Phffdng thffc va quy trinh thanh todn phi"; "Mffc hoc phi phii hdp" (Hinh 4).
Ve ca sd vgt chd't
Phan ldn nhffng nhdn to' nhan dtfdc stf hdi Idng cua sinh vien nha't Id ve dia diem hgc tap vd tff hgc.
phdng hoc may va thff vidn. Cu the la cac nhdm nhdn to': "Cd sdn nhffng ndi yen tinh trong trffdng hgc de hpc nhdm". "Dia diem cae giang dffdng phu hdp va thudn tien". "Cdc phong mdy tinh dam bao so' Iffdng va ed sdn", "Thff vien dam bao vd khdng gian va sdn
HINH 5: DANH GlA VE CO s d VAT CHAT
II I|0U Irong U>LJ v ; ^ 1 v4o c i c ^ii t w p ly
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ifi a m . I116IWHINH 6: D A N H GIA VE GY TIN VA THCTdNG HIEG CUA TRtfdNG rni«ng lil uy Nn trooediD tao vS nghien CLAI ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ S | J £ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ ° ^
HINH 7: D A N H GIA VE MOT TRtfCfNG GIANG DAY vA HQC TAP
HINH 8: DANH GIA VE MOI QGAN HE DOI TAC VA CONG GlCfl
efi40H 3JE0K
Ve moi tn^ng gidng dgy • hgc tgp Hinh 7 cho tha'y, mffc dd hdi ldng cao nhd't la S nhan td "Nang life, sff ttf tin vd tinh chuydn nghidp ciia giang \idn dff^c truyen tai thdng qua cdc bai giang/gid hffdng din, thffc hdnh" (vdi ty Id ddnh gid "Hdi Idng" la 68.4% vd 68.8%). Tuy vay, cd tdi 64.5% sinh vien tham gia khao sdt cho rdng, minh khdng cd cam gidc id khdeh hang va dang dffde phue vu khi theo hgc chffdng trinh POHE tai Trffdng Dai hgc Kinh td'Qud'c dan. Dieu ndy can cd stf dieu ehinh tff cac bp phdn cd lidn quan trong qua trinh ddo tao vd cde dich vu cd Hen quan, dich vu ho trd dao tao.
Mdi quan hf ddi tdc - cong gidi Ddy Id nhdm nhan td cd ta't ca cdc nhan td bp phan deu nhan dffdc mffc hai Idng trdn 50%, thd'p nha't Id 57.5%J.
Ddnh gid chung eua sinh vien vd cdng tdc td chffc cua cd sd dao tao Id tdt, vide thffe hanh mdn hpc giup cho sinh vien
"Hpc hdi dffdc nhieu kinh nghidm vd hinh thanh dffdc ky nang nghe nghidp"
vdi ty Id cung rat cao. Nhff vay, cd the thd'y, md hinh td chffc dao tao POHE tai Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh Id'Qud'c ddn cd md'i quan he tieh cffc vdi cdng gidi/dd'i tdc.
cung ca'p va dap ffng mdi trffdng, cung nhff hoat dgng, phuc vu nhu cau cua sinh vien trong qua trinh hgc tdp.
Ngij6n^ N h o m tac gia nghien cu'u t ^ n g hdp
ed eua cdc tdi hdu", "Thff vien md effa vao cdc gid hdp l;y" ddu nhdn dtfdc mffc ddnh gid tff 53%-63%
(Hinh 5). Nhffng ed sd vat chat lien quan de'n the thao giai tri dffdc danh gid kem hdn vdi khoang 40% sd sinh vidn hai long.
Mffe dp it hdi Idng nhd't phdi kd' dd'n Thang mdy va Khu vffc gffi xe. 83% so sinh vien dtfdc hdi cho rdng vide "Gffi xe, dau xe trong khudn vien nhd trffdng"
la khdng dd dang (chid'm ty Id 83%), hay "So' Iffdng thang mdy" la khdng du vd ehffa thuan tien cho sinh vien di chuyen vdi ty Id ddnh gia "Khdng hai ldng"
len tdi 83.6%.
Ve uy tin vd thi&fng hifu cua TrU&ng Day la nhdm tieu ehi nhan dffdc mffe hdi Idng cao nha't trong so' cdc tieu chi dffdc danh gid. So' Iffdng sinh vidn cam tha'y hdi Idng vdi uy tin va thffdng hieu cua trffdng tff mffe 75%-80%. Ke't qua nay rat a'n tffdng, chiftig td sff dn tffdng cua ngffdi hpc vao vi thd', uy tin va cha't Iffdng dao tao ham chffa trong cdc chffdng trinh ma nha trtfdng cung ed'p. Tuy nhidn. cung cd tdi 51.2% sd sinh vidn eho rang, trffdng chffa ed danh tie'ng td't trdn thd'gidi.
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI Phan ldn sinh vien cd sff ddnh gid kha quan ve mffc do hdi long cua minh khi theo hpc chtfdng trinh POHE tai Trffdng Dai hpe Kinh te Qud'c dan, Ddnh gid chung. 56.9% sinh vien cam tha'y hai Idng vdi chffdng trinh dao tao dinh hffdng ffng dung ma minh theo hpc va s£n sang gidi thidu vdi ban be, ngffdi than ve chffdng trinh minh dang theo hpc (58.1%). Qua khao sdt cQng eho thd'y, nhan td'nhdn dffdc sff hai ldng thd'p nha't la "Chinh sdch tai chinh chffa ddp ffng dung ky vpng"; cdc nhan td nhdn dffdc mffc dp "Hai long"
thdp hdn mffc "Khdng hai long", nhffng khong cd sff chenh lech ldn, nhff: Gido vidn chu nhidm/cd van hpc tap; Khung chffdng trinh dao tao; Chat Iffdng dao tao - day la nhdm nhan td'cd ngu\dn nhan tff yd'u to'chu quan la chu yd'u can phai kh^c phuc ngay.
Theo xu the chung \ e phdt men cha't Iffdng ddo tao. hoat ddng thffc hauli, (hire te dang dffdc tdng cffdng vd di v^d thirc cha't.
40
Vl vay, gido due dai hpc dinh hffdng nghe nghiep ihig dung gan vdi thffe tien vide Idm d Viet Nam, cin dffdc xem nhff la mot ldi thodt de cd the tid'n ciing, tien kip vdi sff phat trien chung cua thd'gidi.
Tren cd sd kd't qua nghien cffu, nhdm tdc gia de xua't mdt sd'khuyen nghi theo sff 5nh htfdng eua 8 nhdn td nham nang cao stf hai long cua ngtfdi hpc va dao tao dap iihg nhu eau cua xa hpi theo chtfdng trinh POHE tai Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan dffdc hidu qua hdn. Cii the nhff sau:
- Doi vdi cong ldc chu nhiim vd co'vdn hgc tap. Nen can nhdc giam ty Id sinh vidn/Gido vidn chu nhidm giam ve con sd tff 250-300 sinh vien. Ngoai ra, vide ap dung cac phan mem quan ly ddo tao cung dffdc xem Id mdt giai phdp nham giam tai khd'i Iffdng cdng vide hanh chinh cho gido vidn chu nhidm, tff dd gido vidn ehu nhidm cd nhieu thdi gian hdn cho vide tffdng ldc, nam bat thffc trang va dap ffng td't hdn nhu elu cua sinh vidn.
- Ve khung chuang trinh ddo tgo. Ndn thffdng xuydn ra scat, didu chinh, cap nhat khung theo chu kj* 2 nam/lan de dam bao tinh hdi nhap, ddp ffng dffde yeu cau ve ngudn nhdn Iffe eua xa hdi vd cde doanh nghidp; ddng thdi, ndn gia tang so' cac hpc phan Iffa chpn cho cdc mdn chuyen nganh de tang cd hdi vide Idm cua sinh vidn bdng edch ddp ffng dffdc nhieu thi trffdng ngdeh trong tuydn dung.
- Tdng cudng chdt lugng gidng dgy.
Thdng qua vide tang cffdng sff tffdng tac giffa giang vien vdi smh vien trong vd ngodi gid hpc; hpc ly thuye't di ddi vdi thtfc hdnh/thffe te tai ed sd thffe tdp; tang cffdng vai trd cua giang vidn chuydn
mdn vd giang vidn doanh nghidp; chu trpng bidn soan tai lidu giang day vd thtfc hanh theo htfdng cu the, sdng dpng; tang cffdng sff dung ngudn tdi lieu md, ngudn tai lieu tff thff vidn dung chung cho khd'i nganh kinh td' theo dff an cua World Bank.
- Ve ho trg ldi chinh. Linh hoat va da dang hda cac hinh thffc va thdi diem thu nop hpc phi de' ngffdi hgc eo thd ehu dgng hdn trong qud trinh thu xe'p thffc hien nghia vu tai ehinh vdi trffdng. Tuy nhien, can tang mffe hd trd sinh vidn di thffc hanh, thffc te; mffe nay hidn vdn duy tri d mffc 8 tridu ddng/sinh vien/khda, trong khi mffc hpc phi dd tang gan gap ddi kd' tff khi a'n dinh mffc hd trd nay. Do dd, nd'u khdng dieu chinh giam hpe phi, ma gia tang cdc dich vu va chd't Iffdng dich vu dtfdc thu hffdng (mffc hd trd thffe hanh thtfc te la mdt vi du), thi gid tri nhan dffdc tang len eung lam tang stf thda man eua sinh vien.
Ca sd vgt chdi. Can tinh loan bd tri xdy dffng cdc phdng thtfc hanh bdn trong ed sd dao tao la mdt xu htfdng, doi hdi ta't yd'u va mdt cd sd quan trpng dd' chu ddng trong thtfc hdnh va nang cao chat Itfdng dao tao vdi edc chtfdng trinh dae thti, chu trgng dinh htfdng ffng dung nhtf POHE. Ve lau dai, cd the tinh toan de sff dung chung cho cde hinh thffc/chffdng trinh dao tao khdc.
vi moi trudng gidng dgy. hgc tap. Can quan tam didu chinh npi dung va chd't Itfdng cdc loai dich vu va sff chuyen nghiep ciia dpi ngu trffe tid'p eung ca'p dieh ddo tao va cdc djch vu ed lidn quan. Td'i da hda ede dieh vu dffdc cung ed'p qua he tho'ng "Dieh vu mot cffa "
de thuan tien va nhanh chdng phue vu ngffdi hge va edc do'i tffdng cd Hdn quan khdc.
Vc mdi quan hi vdi cong gidi/ddi tdc: Vide tang effdng md'i quan he vdi ddi tac ma eu the' Id: md rgng va da dang hda ede dd'i tdc; da dang hda ede hoat dgng hdp tac ddo tao vd chia se ldi ich hai bdn; dieu chtnh cd CETU mdn hpe, thdi Iffdng ly thuyd't - thifc hanh; da dang hda hinh thffc thffc td' - thtfc hdnh - thffe tdp cho sinh vidn; tang cffdng ty le hd trd eho hoat dgng thffc hanh, thffc td' theo mffe tdng eua hgc phi dao tao.. can dffde he't sffe ehu trgng.•
TAILIEU THAM KHAO _
1. Lffdng Thu Ha (2019). Nghien cffu suhdi long cua sinh vien ddi vdi mo hinh id chffc ddo tgo dinh hudng ffng dung (POHE) tgi TrUdng Dgi hgc Kinh ti'qudc ddn, KTQDA'2019.47
2. Abdullah, F. (2006). Measuring service quality in higher educadon: HEdPERF versus SERVPERF, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 24(1), 31-47
3. Douglas, J., Douglas, A. & Barnes, B. (2006). Measuring student satisfaction at a UK university. Quality Assurance in Education, 14 (3), 251-267
4. Farahmandian, S., Minavand, H. and Afshard, M. (2013). Perceived service quality and student satisfaction in higher education. Journal of Business and Managemenl, 12(4), 65-74
5. Jurkowitsch, S., Vignali, C. and Kaufmann, H.-R. (2006). A Student Satisfaction Model of Austrian Higher Education, Innovative Marketing, 2(3), 9-21
6. Parasuraman A, Berry L, ZeithamI V Parasuraman, A.. Berry, L., and ZeithamI, V. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing.
49(4), 41-50
7. Weerasinghe, S., Lalitha, R., Fernando, S. (2017). Students' Satisfaction in Higher Education Literature Review, American Journal of Educational Research 5(5). 533-539
