So 6{156V20U^ 117-128 PH^M THANH BANG'
N H ^ DIEN VE "Jk D^CT:
TRlTdNG B<?P N H 6 M CHAN KHONG VA THANH HAI V 6 THWgfNG SU"
Tdm tit: Thdng qua vi^c tim hiiu nhdm "td dgo" Chdn Khong vd Thanh Hdi Vd Thitgng Su, tdc gid bdi viit rrumg mudn a mgt muc dg nhat dinh cd thi cung ag? mgt sd ca sd khoa hgc cho viec nhdn di?n vi "td dgo", tu dd ndng cao nhdn thuc cua ngirai ddn cSng nhu hi^u qud qudn ly cda cdc ca quan chtic ndng doi vdi logi hinh tdn gido ndy.
Tvr khda: Td dcfo, Chdn Khdng, Thanh Hdi Vd Thugng Su.
Dianhfip
Qui trlnh t o ^ c ^ h^ moi mil cua doi sdog xa hpi (S tbik diy obai^
ch6ng sif ra Ain cua nhieu to^i hlnh tdn gido 6 Vi^ Nam m^ gidi hgc thu|t hi$n nay van thuong gpi li "c&c tit^n tirgng tdn ^So mdi". "tU^a tugng t6n gjio ni6i" xuat hi^n ngiky ding da d^ng, [diong phii nhit I& tir sau khi Vi^ Nam tiin h^nh cdog cu$c Ddi mdi. Trong "cic h i ^ tirgng tdn giio m6i". cd hi^n tuipng chiia il\mg y€u td tfch cyc ih£ h i ^ qua vai tr6, chijc nSng vSn hda ciia nd; song cChig cd hi^n ttrong cyc doan. pbin vSn hda, hi?n h&u nhu mpt thich thiic doi vdi co quan quin I^ nha nude vk tdn giio. gSy mit 6n djnh xS hpi. suy thoii chuan mye < ^ due. tdn h^i tdi sue khde cdng ddng • hi^n lupng niy dupc quy vio ph^m trii "A dfio". dang dupc khdng (t cac nhi nghiSn cihi vi co quan quin If luu tim.
Trong gidi khoa hpc h i ^ nay. "ti d^o" vin li mdt ihuil ngi^ giy nhieu tranh cai. Cd nhieu cich h i ^ khic nhau ve "ti d^o". Cihig xem x^ "ti d^o" trtMig mdi quan h^ vdi chfnh c^giio, Dgi tir ^in Tiing Viit < ^ n^Ta "ti dpo" ti "con dudng kh&ig chfnh ding", "tdo giio Idiic vdi tdn gjio dupc coi li chfnh tdng"'; Tir diin Bdch khoa Cdng an nhdn ddn dua ra djnh nghia ' l i d^o d6ng n^Ta vcH ti giio, m$c tdn ^ i o ddi nghich vdi
TS., Vi^ Nghifin cihl Tdn giio, Tfn ngifdng. Hoc vi^ Chfnh tri qudc gia Hd Chf Minh
I]^g Nghien cuti Ton gite. Sffd - 2016 loa giao truySn thdng dang tdn t^"^. Tiep c|ai dirdi gdc dp chi'nh tr^ - xl bpi, phin Idn cic hpc gia dSu cho ring: Ta d?o li nhOng hi?n tupng xa hpi nup bdng, dpi l6t ldn giao, ho^t dpng mang tfnh me tfn, c\rc doan. [rfiin vin hda. trii vdi thuin phong mj tyc ciia dSn tpe, chiing Ipi con ngudi. xi h§i.
d4ni chf chdng lai che dd chihh trj. Dudi gdc dp an ninh cr^t ty. "ti d?o"
dupc coi la hoat dpng vi (rfiam phip lu§t, xim (rfiam an ninh, tr§t ty, irii vdi thuin phong mf tyc, xuySn tac ljch sii, phi hoai khdi d?i doin k^ din tdc va nhihig truyin thdng tdt d?p ciia dSn tpe Vi?t Nam.
Nhu vfy, mpt so cich tiSp can vS "ti dpo" dSu cho thay "ti dpo" li lopi hlnh tdn giio doi lap vdi tdn giio truyen thdng, cd tfnh c\rc doan, thyc hanh ldi sdng mS mupi, phi nhin dao, phin vin hda, gay mat dn djnh an ninh, tr§t ty xa hpi.
Trudc bdi cinh cic nhdm "ti dpo" d Vi^l Nam phit triSn ngiy cing phuc tpp, cd xu hudng ting len vl sd lupng vi phpm vi hopt dpng, tic gia bii viit mong mudn but3c diu phin tfch, lim ndi ro hi^n trpng ciia hai nhdm "ti dpo" tiSu biiu li Chin Khdng vi Thanh Hai Vd Thupng Su nhim cd thi xiy dyng co sd khoa hpc di nh$n dj^n vi "ti dpo" vi xem x£t cich tbiJC ung xir cho phii hpp ddi vdi cic lopi hlnh tdn giio niy.
1. Nhdm "Id itfo" Chan Khdng (hay cdn gpi li "Giio ngopi biSn truyen di$u tim") do Luu Vin Ty sinh nim 1954, quS d Thpch Trung, Hi Tinh khdi xudng vi sing l|p vio nim 1990 tpi Hi TTnh. Luu Vin Ty c6 trinh dp hpc vin thip, v6n li cdng nhin Iii miy k&o nhimg do hinh vi trpm cip tii sin nSn bt bupc thdi vi?c. Luu Vin Ty trd vi dja phuong lim rupng. lay vp, sinh con. Do khdng bing ldng vdi cudc sdng mpng vudn, nim (989, Luu Vin Ty quyit djnh vio Miin Nam. Sau m$t thdi gian dm hiiu kmh sich Ph$t giio, Luu Vin Ty quay trd vi que l|ip nSn cii gpi h
"dpo (Thin Khdng",
Ltic dau, dS diu hut quin chdng tfn dd, Lmi Vin Ty ty xung minh li
"Ph§t sdng", dupc Thfch Ca truyin giao sir m?nh ti dd, cuu giup chiing smh. Tpi din Vd Mieu (Thinh phd Hi Tinh). Luu Vin Ty td churc hSnh
!l theo n ^ le Phpt giio. Sau khi t^p hpp dupc mdt sd ngudi tin theo, Luu Vin Ty bit dau tiin hinh cic hopt dpng truyin giio trii phip lu$t, phin vin hda ngay tpi khu vyc din Vd Miiu. Liru Vin Ty ty xung td chirc ciia minh li "giio ngopi bi?t truyin di§t tim", dua ra cii gpi III thuyet "phi chip", nghTa li ngudi di dieo dpo niy khdng cin chba chiin, kinh sich, chudng md, chi can hi tai tam. Tu nim 1991, Luu Vin Ty tfch
t^om-nvptiHSn^ Mian ain veVd^'... 119 cpc tuyen tniyin d i o i b i ^ o i y . din d i o tduio hanh ddi^ tien cue tu
phia tin dd nhu ddt pha din chCia. bin tbd gia tioi, tupng P b ^ . . . Ben canh thoySt "phi chip" l i viSc thyc hinh mpt l o ^ "f^iap to" mdi la, thyc chit l i sy xuy&i tac tu giio 1^ cua nha Hiat irini To <B4t> ^ ^ Lain bdi. NhlD qui. N g M ^ bio, Bd tht, Fbdag sinh,... Lun >^n l y dua ra phip tu " f h ^ hiaa thudng chuyin" dS i ^ dpy "dao hitai'' p h a ludn bam thiy VI p h ^ to tlmdiig xuyen thay ddi; '^ihip i n " vdi binh dpng Ty tv mna thuc Sn gdi din " ^ o hihi" k b ^ noi de nma dindc. n'mg cd due tin v i kbdng cfai bp; '*pb^ bpt n^iiq}" dupc giai tUcfa la su tieu trir t ^ ciio
"dao huru" b t e g c i d i danh dap bp. tl^c diA l i de dpa bp kbdng dope ndi ddi v i phan bpi Ipi Ty, "phip^gieo duy£n dip ky" m i cu tbi l i 1^ flyng cfa& "dip t^" m i Phat Tbi'di Ca diii% d i lija gpt "dpo luhi". quan b$ linh
< ^ vdi nbihig pbv nit m i Ty m^da^
N g i ^ c i c "phip tu" tren, Lmi V i n Ty c£m dua ra tfauySl "xi phu ciu hlft*, "xi tbSn can dpo" (i^hia l i bd tiSn bpc d i mong n^ito, bd diin minh d i dupc dao dwit xic). iuy£n tmyin mudn ( ^ dpo phii biit dimg phip "Ibp 1^" d£ trir ma qay, dye lau triMg ogudi. Nghi le chii yeu m i c i c dpo bOo pbai diyc b i ^ l i di dit bd bit quia i o kbi hinh l l , ty do dida man quan h^ x i c thjt vdi nbau; lang thang hinh kbit khip soi rdi dem tiin ve n ^ cbo dpo nucmg; chju khd chju khd tu l u y ^ inxig byi gai, coi quan i o pboi ning. dim suong, i n d g i i b d i k , . . . '
D$c bi^t, Luu Vin Ty cdn rin day "dpo hihi" phai hinh le "<fipt dpc.
ii£a tdi. dift ngM^" U n g c i c i ^ i i thdc hit sdc k^ qoii, phan kboa hpc, phi Vin bda nhu: d6t dido Oi sin <^ trdo laa c i c lopi bda d i i l idiu x i pbdng. ad tOm, d&i bda... xudng dudi dit d i bd tfaf phin i m ; ding ciing liin cho Ty de tiSii ^ , di^l nghipp: phy aH d i ^ dpc U n g c i d i n^m quin i o v i o ddog lua. khda thin d i diiy Ty ngdi tyng kinh, gd md: hay hinh xic bing cich lao dpng m ^ idipc. in u«ig kham khd. ngii tiong boo tai dudi nen dit v i di kbit thyc d i Id i m com i n , nude udng...
De cimg cd dire tin trong quin cbdng tin do. Luu Vin Ty cdn c ^ cbo chin tay chiy miu, mung mii ISn %^ ndi l i de 1)d thi cbo ma vuong. nga quy" khdi hinh hp cfadng sinh. Thpm cbf Ty ty minh cua ngdn tay cho c U y miu F^ vay len ngudi c i c d$ tu ngdi xong ({uaob. sau dd chit dut ngdn tay dd. tuySn bd l i d i *\:(k)g dudng Tam B ^ " . Bing cich ty hinh hp tbi xic ciia minb, Ty d i kfaiin cbo mpi ngudi tin nunh l i "Pbpt". l i T h i n h " . lir dd cudn bdt nhieu df tu un v i theo dpo.
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120 Nghien cuU Tdn giao. S$6 - 2016 E)go Chan Khdng khdng cd nghi thuc thd ciing rd ring. Ngudi tb«»
dpo Chin Khdng khdng cin din cbiia, khdng cin kinh sich hay tupng ni^t. chi cin tu tpi tim. tu hanh khd hanh. Cic d$ tii mdi tham gia phai nop tiin cung dudng cho Ty vi thyc hi^n hlnh xic, sau khi trii qua ihti thich niy se dupc diu npp vi di kbit thyc di kiim com in hing ngiy.
Thdi diim phit triin manh nhal ciia dpo Chin Khdng li tii nim 1992 din nam 2003. Dja bin hopt ddng cua dpo niy lan i<Mig ra tren 20 tinh.
diinh phd trong ci nude mi trpng diim li cic tinh N ^ § An, Thanh H6a, (joing Ninh, Hi Ndi. Lai Chiu; sd lupng tfn dd tham gia vio khoing (rCn 500 ngudi. Ta dpo Chin Khdng da giy anh hirdng nghiSm trpng din thuin [^ong m^ tyc cua din tdc, lim xdi mdn gii trj dpo Aitc tniyin thdng vi gay hoang mang, lo sp trong mpt bd ph$n quin chdng nhin din.
Tin theo giio thuyit va cic p h ^ tu cda Luu Vin Ty, nhiiu gia dinh dS [Ai bd bin thd gia tien. {M vd nip sinh hopt tmyen thdng tdt d ^ vdn c6 tir lau ddi ciia dSn tdc. Hing trim gja dinh tii bd lao ddng sin xuit de di hinh khit khien cho kinh ti sa sdt, con cii thit hpc. hpnh phdc tan vd. R^t nhiiu tii san cd gii trj, luong thyc. thyc phim bj ddt. chdn ho$c tha xudng ao hd, tdn thai ISn tdi hing trim iri^u ddng. Diin hinh nhu tmdng hpp Lfi Thj Chiiu d huy?n Hoing Hda ddt spch 5 gian nhi trj gii hon 50 hi$u ddng; Mai Vin Tdn d huy^n Nga Son (Thanh Hda) ch$t phi hit ciy cdi, vudn tirpc. ddt nhi trj gii trSn 100 tri^u ddng di di... in xin^; Bi Phan Thj Tin, thi d khdi 18, phudng LS Lpi, thinh phd Vinh. tinh Ngh$ An b6 gia dinh tbeo dpo Chan Khdng 7 nim nay, tirng di khit thyc d Hi Ndi, Hii Phdng, Nam Djnh, Thanh Hda..., dupc bao nhiSu tiin n$p hit cbo thiy Ty di xiy nhi, sau niy lira noi "hda kiip"; Vd Thj Hiin, huy?n Yfin Thinh, tinh Nghp An, nim diu tiSn theo dpo Chin Khdng, theo Idi thiy, mua mpl con Ipn 60 kg, tim xi phdng, dilng xing thiSu sdng rdi ch6n xudng dit, gpi li "le thi phin Sm"*". Theo thdng ke ciia Cdng an Hi TTnh.
den nay, di cd khoing trSn 50 don giii din co quan chuc ning td cio nhihig vi^ lim sai trii mi Ty di giy ra cho ngudi dan. Dd li don kfiu cuu ciia nhftng bpc phy huynh rait con, chdng mit vp, nhOng gia dinh bj lua dio din din khinh ki^t vi kinh ti vi tan nit vi dnh cim'.
Nhiiu phy nd nhe dp, ca tin cdn bj thiy Ty lira gpt, ty nguyen din g^
di diiy Ty thp ky cho mdt dem. Diin hlnh nhu mrdng hpp bi Nguyin Thj K. d Nam Din (Nghp An) td cio Ty "lim ph^p thp kj" (quan hft dnh dye) nhiiu lin vdi con gii minh li chj H. dya tr^n cii cd Ii giip chj H.
Pham Thanh Hing. m^a?n ve la dao'... 121 gdt rua tdi ldi. Ciing vdi cich lin dpy hinh dpo cua Luu Vin Ty, rit nhiiu
diia tre sinh ra ngoii gii thu, li con ciia cic c$p dpo hiiu vdn khdng quen biet sfflig vdi nhau nhu vp chdng khi di khit diye^.
Rit nhieu nan nhin cua ti dao Lun Vin Ty cd c u ^ sdng b ^ ban, ngiy di khuit thyc. dem chui vao bao tai lin Idc nhihig noi bin thio, hay trin trudng, ddt nilon gifta trdi ning, nhiy nhdt quanh ddng hia... T>i nhi bi Hoing Thj Giao (sinh nim 1957, khdi VTnh Tiin, i^udng Hung Blnh.
Tp. Vinh), CO quan chuc ning di phat hi^n 4 ngudi nim ngii chung dudi nin dit Ipnh, trong mdt Idp liu tfaung bing tre nita. Trudc dd. cdng an da phit bi^n D$og Vin Din, sinh nim 1976 vi Hd Vin V^, smh nim 1979, diu d Can Lde, Hi TTnh, ra thinh phd Vinh khit thyc, ty chju ddi r£t di
"cuu vdt chdng sinh"'. Bi Trin Thj Tr. sdng tpi [rfid 4, phudng Tin Thanh, thj xa Dipn Bien, linh Lai Chau, rapt tfn dd ciia dpo Chan Khdng giii thfch 1$ do bi ^ hinh ha than xac. chui vio bao iii, ngii ngoii trdi li vl: "Phpt day ring chi kS nio cd dii can trudng vupt qua bi trim luan, mdi mong ngiy trd thinh chfnh qua"'"
Hoat dpng ciia ti dpo "ChSn Khdng" di khiin nhiiu gia dinh tan nit.
giy buc xiic trong quan chiing nhin din. Rit nhieu don thu cua cic ci nhan. td chiic giii dSn co quan chiic ning, td cio ve hopt dpng ti dpo niy.
Tpi Hi IMi. Cdng an tinh di nhpn dupc "43 don thu cua ci nhin. td chdc gdi din td cio, trong dd 18 don td cio cic hopt dpng ti dpo cua Lara Vin Ty vi ddng bpn; 16 don td cio vi Luu Vin Ty dy dd, liia phinh m^, vp, con, em eua hp di theo ti dpo lim cho gia ifinh bj ly tin; 5 don td cio vl Ty mi gia dinh bj lira mit tii san; I don td cio bj Ty Ipi dyng, khdng chi di quan h$ tinh dye.,."". Nim 1992, Luu Vin Ty bj Tda in nhin din tinh Hi TTnh xu phpt 3 nSm tii. quin chi 3 nim vl tdi "hinh nghi mS tfn, dj doan giy bjiu qui nghiSm trpng". Tuy nhien. Luu Vin Ty vin thin nhiSn giii thfch diy li "co hdi di biit thSm cii mbi lao 1$, di di din ipn ciing ndi khd nhan gian".
Sau khi min bpn td trd vS dja phuang, mie dii bj quan che. Lira Vin Ty tiip lye liinh dpo", giing dpy cho cic dpo hihi vi lu$t nhin qui, kiip luin hdi, kfauySn bp lim le "xa {did ciu bin, xa thin ciu dpo", xudng tdc di lang thang khit thyc rdi dem tiin vi "cdng dudng" cho thay, ihu gom tii sin cua dpo hftu ddt thinh ho, mua diirc in vi niu chfn rie xudng sdng di "bd dif chiing sinh",... Nhiiu ngudi din trong vdng cho biit.
tnrdc khi thinh "thiy". Luu Vin Ty vi ca nhi sdng trong mpt cin nhi
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122 NghiSn atuJQr\^.Sff6-2016
Toch nit, nhd bS, v^y mi 'liinh dpo" cd mpt thdi ^an ngin Ty di "^hk"
len nhu diiu gip gid, xiy dupe ein nhi trj gii khoang 600 t r i ^ ddng, vin kiin uuc hoinh tring nhu mdt bipt phu, cd hrdng cao 2 m6t bao quanh".
Vdi nhi^ hoat dpng giy ndn anh hirdng xiu din an ninh tr§t ty trSn dia bin, n^y 11/3/2005, Uy ban nhin din tinh Hi TTnh ra quyit djnb dua "Giio chii" cua dao Chin Khdng vio co sd giio dye lin 2 <^ giio dye. Khic vdi lin ra trpi trudc, lin nay vura vi dja phuong, Luu Vin Ty da chii ddng din trlnh dipn Chfnh quySn dja phucmg vi viit mpt bin cam kit tii bd hin boat ddng ti dpo, quyit tim tu ehf lim in, phit triin kinh ti. Ngdi nhi ciing sd tien cd dupc nhd hopt d(ing rae tfii dj doan. Lira Vin Ty da bin vi ndp Ipi cho Nhi nude. Ngdi nhi dng bi di lpi, Liru Vin Ty bin dupc 60 Cri^u ddng, rdi nhd bi con, xdm ling dyng tpm cho ngdi nh^
ba gian bing gd, tre d tpm, cdn bao nhiSu tiin dng quyit djnh diu tu hit vio chin nudi. Tu diy, Luu Vin Ty thyc sy sdng cudc sdng cua mdt ngudi dan luong thi^, t$p tmng lim in, gdp phin xiy dyng qufi huong dit nude. Nhu v§.y, din nira 2014, dpo Chin Khdng vi co bin khdng cdu ton tpi niia.
2. Nhdm Thanh Hdi Vd Thupng Sir (hay cdn gpi li "H$i diiin djnh TTianh Hii Vd Thupng Su) li td chiic ldn, cd try sd chfnh d Dii Loan, dupc D$ng llij Trinh (sinh nira 1950 tpi Diic Phd, Quing Ngai, Vi^
Nam) sing \ap vio nim 1989 d Dii Bic, Dii Loan vi xim nh§p bit hpp phip sang \ ^ ^ Nam hi nim 1991. Thanh Hai li "phip danh" ciia D$ng Thi Trinh, cdn Vd Thupng Su "nghia li tren diu khdng cdn mdt ai phii kfnh thd nfia"^^, $ ndi Thanh Hai li ngudi ding dupc tdn siing hon bit eir mpt vj "su phy", "minh su" nio trudc dd. Thanh Hii thudng ty phong cho minh li "Nii vuong", "Ph^t sdng", "Thupng Dpi hrdng", "Tfin Thupng di". "ChiSa Tii thi", "Minh su", "Vd Thupng su",... Hi§n nay, Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su "hopt d0ng d 85 qudc gia vi viing linh thi tren Uii giiH, vdi hing trim eo sd, khoing 200.000 ngudi tham gia, hing nghln lien lpc vien vi khoing 60 website bing nhiiu ngdn ngii khic nhau di tuyen tmyin, phit triin td chuc"'*.
Giio ly cua Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su li sy hon dung, pha tr^n cua nhiiu ludng tu tudng, giio ly eda cic tdn giio, uong dd chd yiu vay mupn vi xuySn tpe giio ly Pli^it giio theo phuong chim "tuc khic Idiai ngd, hi§n ddi giii dioit" di mS ho|c, lilta gpt nhthig ngudi nh? dp, ci tin. Nhihig ngudi dieo dpo Thanh Hai Vd Thupng Su khdng thd Phjl, cQng khdng did
Pham Thanh t^ns- MtSntten le Ta d$o'... 1 ^ cdng dog b i . td tien m i cfai tbd Giio chu Thanh Hai; kbdi^ kbdc Idc, c d i ^
gio khi Dgudi di&a qua ddi, hing ngiy quaoh i|Bin tmng i^ii, ban cfae lao d^ig sin x n ^ kb£p kia v i cd l i p mpi bopt dpng vdi c^ig ddog.
Bdi lupng tmyen g i i o m i Thuih Flii Vd Tfmpng S o budng ldi l i cdng ddog ngodi Viet c u tni d nude ngoii dang g i p khd khin, b i tic tnmg cudc s d i ^ cdiil l i nhung ogudi ViSt tai cic trai ty npn d H«ig Kdng, D i i Loan. Can^xidiia, Tliii Laa Tranh thii ngudn iii chinh Uidog lo thu doipc lir viec bodn bin vpt | A i m d n tm dd (nfau bing <Sa, sich bio. quin i o , tranh anh, trang siic thyc phim diay...). Tbaab Hai Vd Thupng Su da tinit lap (hrpc he thdng uuySn dpo bit sue da dang thdng qua cac kdnb nbu t m y ^ hinh v^ tinh Internet; qu:^ dyng phim anh. ca nhac: td chiic g i p mit giao luu;... irSn pham vi toin tbi gidi.
Giio ly ciia Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su l i nbihig bii viit, bii giing do Giio chii Thanh Hai tryc l i i p bi£n soan dya irfin "Kinh Ling Nghiem cua
^ ^ 1 giio, Thinh kinh cda ThiSn Chua giio, kii bpp vdi phuong tbuc logic Unfa tfaiie de lira bjp thifin hp"''. Kinh sich cua Thaidi Hii Vd Thupng Su chii yiu dupc tpp hpp trong bp Bi quyit tdc khdc khai ngg hi4n ddi gidi thodt gdm IS qoyin, trong dd toyfin truyin v i phip rote Quin Am. khai ngO. i n chay. tfai gidi eye Ipc v i c i d i tu t ^ Aic dao.
V i td chijc. TTuuih Hii Vd Thupng Su kbdog cd td chiic rd ring.
kbdng ed chdc vy, c i p phim m i quyin lyc tdi cao nim trcHig tay ngudi khdi xudng l i Giao chu Thanh Hii. Ngoii ra, gidp vi§c cho Giio chd Ii sd c i c dp tfn thin tin gpi l i c5c *1id phip". "su gji", "su ddng tpa", "lien Ipc vien", "trudng nhdm".... Nhftng ngudi dieo Thanh Hii Vd T h u ^ g Su gpi l i 'Vidng tu". sau khi hoin thinh c i c diu tyc nhu ly ljch c i nhin. iib|p Hdi in cbay trudng v i dupc Thanh Hai d i p nhin sS dupc id chuc tniyin
"tim in", hirdng dan i ^ i p i h i ^ "(Auong ti^". gidi tbipu ^ gidi loit v i dupc c i p tbS Hdi viSn, cfafnb diuc lim d$ tu cua Thanh Hii.
N ^ le chu yiu mi c i c *Vldag tu" theo Thanh Hai Vd Thupng Su phii diyc h i ^ ti an cbay trudng, diyc hinh ngu gidi cua Flipt ^ i o , moi ngiy ngcH ifaiin n i ^ ten su phy "Nam md Thanh Hai Vd Thutmg Su" ft nhit 2 gid. cd khi thiin ca dfim d i gjft l i r a in" v i dfi nhan duijx; sy ciru dp diy dii, ud thinh "Phat sdng". Hp tfaudng id chiic "cgng m" (chii yin Ii "^gdi thiin"
t ^ dli) v i o ban dem cic ngiy cudi tuin. Ngc^ ra, bp cda di nghe giing dpo d nude ngoii. nh& l i Thii Lan v i E>ai Loan dudi vd bpc thim than, du Ijch. Cic b u ^ ifauySt giing nhu %-ay do Tlianfa Hai true liip thuc hipn. "f>^
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^24 Nghien diu Tdn giio. Sd6 - 2016 ? vdi cac budi sinh hopt tdn giio d trong nude, ngudi phy trich khu vyc ty ^ tap tui dd din nhi riSng ho$c mdt dja diim nao dd de ngbe bing dia, dpc w, kinh, xemtivi, phit t ^ giang cua su phy, ngdi thien di "khai ngd"'*. \,t
Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su du nh|ip vio Vipl Nam tii nira 1991, chu >"
yiu thdng qua con dudng du Ijch, Vi^t kieu ve thim than hay lpi dpng ''^
cic du hpc sinh Vift Nam tpi nude ngoii di tuyfin tmyin, ldi kfio tfn dd. <' Thanh Hai cQng cic "liSn Ipc viSn" tfch cyc in in, phit hinh nhieu lopi il»
tai lieu bing tiing Vift rdi thdng qua dudng buu di?n bf mpt phit tin tii ^ nude ngoii vi trong nude. Ding chd y hon, dS che mit chfnh quyin, Thanh Hai cdn sir dyng phuong thiic hopt ddng nua cdng khai, nira bf JI mat (nhu md cic quin cora chay, cdng ty chi biin thyc phim chay, quin ^
^ phS,...), kit hpp kinh doanh vdi phit trien dpo di tuyen huyin tii ligu, k
| t dd nhiiu ngudi tham gia. Day li dja diem thu|n tifn de cic "ddng tu" lii gip gd, Uen lpc mpt cich cdng khai; ciing li dja diem cung cap phuong tifn, dd dilng, tii lieu cho cic lan "cpng tu", tmyin "tim in" ho$c nghe .v Thanh Hii thuyet giing. Theo sd li?u thdng ke, trong ca nude hifn cd 4 )«
cdng ty djch vy tu vin. 2 cdng ty sin xuit vi kinh doanh thyc phim chay, 63 nhi hing, quin in chay do td chiic Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su thiil ^ lap, trong dd t$p tmng nhiiu nhat li d Thinh pbd Hd Chf Minb'^.
Ben cpnh dd, nhdm Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su cdn niip dudi vd bpc t ciia hopt dpng tii thipn nhan dpo, cim trp thien tai, su dyng v$t chit de t cim do nhihig ngudi ed hoin cinh khd khin, thupc nhiiu thinh phan i Idiic nhau, nhit li ngudi Vipt d nude ngoii. Thdng qua hopt dpng niy, \ Thanh Hii ldng ^ip thuyit giing cic ndi dung chdng chi dd Cdng sin, H
xuyfin tpe vi flnh hlnh tdn giio d Vifit Nam. 5 Gin diy. Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su dua ra nhiiu hlnh thdc mdi di •
phit trien tin dd nhu td chdc du ljch trong vi ngoii au6c, tham dy bdi thao. hdi nghj,... vdi nhiiu chd di thu hut sy quan tam ciia ngudi din nhiiu nude uSn thi gidi nhu bao v? mdi tmdng sinh diii, bao v§ d$ng vpt, biSn ddi khf hpu,... Tir dd nhdm phii niy ra sure di cao Thanh Hii vdi • vai trd, sii mfinh cua mpt vj "Phpt sdng" dang no lyc cihi vdt chiing sinh, bao v$ trii dit khdi sy hiiy di$t, bio vfi hda binh cho loin nhin lopi, mpl mjt cimg cd thfim niSm tin vi sy tdn silng giio chii trong cic "ddng tu", mjt khac Idi k6o difim tfn do theo dpo niy,
E)in nim 1995, Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su -E cd ra^ d 30 tinh thinh trong ca nude'", md rpng hiyfin miyin ra ci 3 miin: Bic, Tmng, Nam.
Phpm Thanh HSng, NhSn dienveTS dao'... 125 bao gdm: Ao Giang, Tiy Ninh. Ci Mau. Bpc LiSa, Kien Giang. Khinh
Hda. Di Ning. E>ie l i e . Thira ThiSn Hui. Hi Npi. Hai Phdng, Quang Nmh, Thii Blnh... Tir nam 1991 din nim ^100, Thanh Hai Vd Tliupog Su da thu hdt dupc 5.712 ngudi theo dao". Uieo sd li^u thdng kfi mdi nhit, tfnh Aen nim 2013. Thanh Hii Vd Thugng Su da md rdng td chdc vi ph^ CriSn bopt dpng ra "47/63 tinh, thanh phd trCHig ea nude, vdi khoing 6.000 ngudi tham gia, khoang 210 diim nhdm cpng tu vi hlnh thinh khung td chiie Thanh Hai Vd Thupng Su g ^ 4 cip: cip Trung ucmg gpi li Ban Au Lpc do I trudng Ban va 3 thinh vien giilp vific, dat tpi Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh; cip Miin (gdm Miin B&i, Mien Trung, Miin Nam), mdl mien do I Lien lpc vien phy trich; cip Tinb, Thanh do 1 Lifin Ipc viSn phy trich; c ^ Co sd gpi li diim nhdm, mdi diira nhdm do I td hudng phy trich"^.
^ L r t u i n h Hai Vd Thupng Su ngay tii khi du nhpp Vipt Nam da gay ra
^ ^ P ^ | , i n h hudng khdng nhd tdi ddi sdng tdn giio ciing nhu ddi sdng xi h$i. Tlianh Hii ludn ty cao ty dpi cho minh li "vd thupng su". li bpc thiy cao nhat. xem thudng linh ty ciia cic tdn giio khic; cho ring giio 1^ cua minh li uu vift, cic tdn giio khac da loi didi, khdng cdn phii hpp. Diiu niy xiic phpm din uy tfn vi ngudi sing Ipp eiia cic tdn giio chfnh tbdng.
nhit li Phpt giio. Trong qui trinh uuySn dpo, Thanh Hai di ihyc hipn nhieu hinh vi di ngupc lpi vdi nbihig quy djnh ciia Phpt giio, bj Giio hpi Ph$t giio Vift Nam vi nhiiu nude trSn thfi gidi kjch lift phin ddi^'.
Nhfhig quy dinh kbit khe trong giio ly, giio lupt bupc tin dd theo Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su phii tuyf I ddi tuin thii, nhir khdng dupc chin nudi gia sdc, gia cim; khdng dupc phun thudc trir sau khi irdng trpt; khdng dupe Ipp bin thd cdng gio td tifin, dng bi, cha m$... Nhieu trudng hpp do sp phpm gidi tu§i sfi phii chju '^ghifp chudng" nSn phii bd gia dinh. bd cdng vifc di ngdi thiin vi dpc kinh sich ciia Thanh Hii. D$c bift. cd tmdng bpp gia dinh kinh te khd khin nhung van tlm cich vay mupn. bin tii sin Ak dupc tham dy cic budi thuyit giing ciia Thanh Hii td chiic lai nude ngoii. Nhiiu ngirdi nhp dp cdn tin ring bing cich rang hd vj "minb su" Thanh Hai vi ngdi thiin theo phucmg phip ciia Thanh Hai Vd Thirpng Su cd thi chiia dupc "bich bfnh". kit qui li ching nhihig bfnh khdng thuySn giam mi cdn khiin cho diu dc ngiy cing my mj. thera vio dd li phit sinh m&u thuan vdi chfnh nhiing ngudi thin trong gia iDnh.
Diy li ly do vi sao m?c dii thu hiit dupc raft b§ phpn ngudi din tham gia vi tin theo, Thanh Hai V6 Thupng Su vin khdng ihi dupc cic tdn giio
I
126 Nghiin aili Tdn giio, Sd6 - 2016 khic cimg nhu ddng dao ngirdi din ddn nh$n nhu mpt thinh td ciu thinh nen ddi sdng tim linh d Vi§t Nam.
Diiu dang ndi li td chuc Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su cdn tiin hinh tuySn tmyin "ddng tu" phai in thyc phim chay do cic cdng ty ciia Thanh Hai sin xuit, raic quin io vi trang sue thifin y do TTianh Hii thiil ki thi mdi dupc hirdng "lyc gia tri cua su phy"^, Nghifim trpng hon, trong cic bii thuyit giang kinh sich vi boat dpng phit tin tii lifiu.
bing dTa. Thanh Hii da ldng ghfip nhiing ndi dung chdng ddi Ding. Nhil nude Vift Nam, kfch dpng Idng h§n thd, kfch dpng ngudi Vift ra nude ngoii tham gia td chiie Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su dS chdng Ipi chi d(i.
phii nhin thinh tyu trong cdng cu^c ddi mdi cua dit nude, giy chia rfi khdi dpi doin kfit dan tpe"".
Vdi tit ci nhiing bopt dpng trfin, cd the khing djnh, Thanh Hii Vd Thupng Su li mpt nhdm ti dpo, vira t$p hpp, ldi kSo tin dd hopt ddng mS tfn vira ldng ghfp tuyfin tmyin nhChig ndi dung chfnh in phin d$ng.
Nhdm phii niy ding bj len in vi loai trii m$t cich trif t di.
Thdng qua nghifin cuu trudng hpp hai nhdm "ti dpo" tiSu bieu tren, cd thi thay ring cic nhdm ti dpo di giy nSn nhihig inh hudng Ueu cyc din mpi ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng xi hdi. Hopt ddng ciia cic nhdm phii niy mfl rait giy nhiiu bite xiic hong dan chdng, lim xdi mdn cic gii trj vin h6a tmyin thdng cda dan t ^ . tdn hpi din nhin phim, dpo ddc ciia con ngudi, chia re khdi dpi doin kit trong dfin cu vi gida nhOng ngudi cd niira tin tdn ^ i o khic nhau; m$t khic da giy nhiiu khd khin, ein trd cho cdng tic quin ly vi tdn giio vi an ninh chi'nh trj - xi hpi d nhiiu dja bin, khu vyc. Ndi dung tuyfin tmyin cua cic nhdm ti dpo ehd yiu mang njng yiu to mfi tin. hudng tdi vifc mfi ho$c, cdng cd ddc tin cho tfn dd vio nhftng dieu thin thinh, io tudng, huyin bf. D$c bift, nhiiu npi dung tuyfin tmyin nhim chdng phi Ding vi Nhi nude Vift Nam, xuySn lpc, hp th^p uy tin cua Dang C§ng sin Vift Nam, cdo b u ^ Vift Nam vi phpm ty do din chu, nhin quyin vi tdn giio, kfch d$ng Idng thii h|n, tu tudng ly khai din tpe, chJa rfi khdi dpi doin kit toin dan.
Cd dli thiy, nguyfin nhin siu xa vi co bin nbit cho sy phit sinh, phit trifin ciia cic nhdm phii "ti dpo" trong nhfhig nim qua li sy Ipi dyng niem tin tdn giio vio mye dfeh tryc Igi vi kinh ti, gay thanh dii ci nhfin vi m\)c dfeh ehfnh tq, gay mit on djnh an ninh. tr^t ty ciia cic td chiic phin dpng trong nude vinudc ngoii./.
Pham Thanh H ^ . tniSn cSen ve ta d^'...
CHI) THlCH:
1 Nguyfn Nhu f (2008). Dpi Tit diin tiing Vi^, Nxb. E ^ hoc Qudc gia Tp. Hd ChfNfinb: 1411.
2 Tir dien Bdch khoa edng an nhdn ddn. Nxb. Cong an nhan dan H& Npi, 2005.
3 Xem: NguySn Thanh TSn (2014). "Ho^ dpng cua cac id d^o. dao I? tren dja ban tinh Hii TTnh vd nhihig van de d4l ra doi voi cong tac an ninh", ircog: Bd C«ig ail, Trudng D^i hgc An ninh nhan dan, Ky y^u hpi ihao khoa bgc: Gidi quyet vdn de "Iddgo" dVift Nam - Nhpn thiie vd Ihuc ti&i;Tp.H60^}JtiBb: 164.
4 Mai Thanh Hai (2000), "Ngiy i|iD fiii vS hifo nrpng c4c "tfo giio'' c\rc doan".
Nghiin cuu Ton gido, so 3:61.
5 Xem: Td dgo Uru Vdn Ty, IhegioivDhinh.coin.
6 Xem: Tii dgo ky quae a Nghf An Hd Tinh, vnexpressjicL 7 Xem: Td dpo luu Vdn Ty, Ihegioivohinh.com.
8 Xem: Td dgo Uru Vdn Ty, Ihegioivohinh.cfHn.
9 Xem: Td dao Icy qupc a Ngh4 An Hd Tfnh, vnexpress.oei.
10 Dgo Ty - Hdnh dpo iuzy hdnh xdc, vielbao.vn.
11 Duong Dinh Kim (2014). "Nhln di?n ti dgo "Chan Khdng" o Ha Tmh", Uong: Bd CAng an, Trudng D ^ hoc An mnh nldn dUn. Ky yiu h ^ ttao kboa boc Gim quyet vin M "td dpo" a Vift Nam - Nhgn ihOc vd thifc tien". Tp. H6 Chf Minh; 325.
12 Xciu! Td dgo Uiu Vdn Ty. ihegioivohinh.com.
13 Mai Thanh H&i (2000), "Ng&y t|n the v^ c ^ " t6n g ^ " cyc doan". Nghiin euv Tdn gido, si 3:61.
14 L£ T4n Dung (2014). "Nhlndi^nli d^o "Thanh Hai V6 Thupng S u " v i mgt s6 v4n dc d^t ra ddi vdi cong tdc an ninh", trong: BQ Cdng an, Trudng D^ hpc An ninh nhfin din, Ky yiu h$i thio khoa hpc: Giai quyit vdn de "id dpo" a Vi4i Nam • Nh^ thuc vd thvc tiin. Tp H6 Chf Mmh: 349.
15 Vd van Smh (2014). "Tinh hlnh ho^i dpng ciia "i^ dao", "d^o la" tren d)a bin dnh Blnh Duong vi nhChig vin d£ d$I ra ddi vdi cdng He an ninh", trong: Bp Cdng an, Trudng D^ hgc An ninh nhan dan, Ky yeu b$i thao khoa bgc: Gim quyet vdn de
"Id (fco " (7 Viet Nam - Nhdn ihitc vd thifc tiin. Tp. Hi Chf Minh: 254-255.
16 UTSmDSc vi Nguyen Thj Minh Nggc. M(!r sd Ai^n tupng ton gido mdi d miin Bdc tu sau ddi moi din nay. E>i UU cip B^ 2013-2014. Ca quan chu iri: V i ^ Nghi£n cuu Tdn gido - Vi^n Hin Ifim Khoa hgc xfi h$i Vi^ Nam. nghiem thu
•Am 2014: 88.
17 U Tin DQng (2014), "Nh^n di?n til dfo "Thanh Hai Vd Thugng Su" vk mgt sd vin di d(Li ra d6\ vdi cdng lie an ninh". uong; BQ Cdng an. Trudng D^i hgc An ninh nhfln dSn, Ky yiu hgi thao khoa hgc: Cidi quyit v^ di "id dgo" & Vift Nam - Nhgn thuc vd thue n4n. Tp. Hd Chf Minh: 353.
18 Ban Tdn giio Chfnh [^li (2008). Bdo cdo ldng quan dif dn khao sdi thvc trgng tdn gido men a nude la htfn nay nhitng gidi phdp vd tien nghi. Hi N^.
19 Vu Cdng tic tdn gido. Ban Dan v$n Tmng uong (2007). Hoi ddp mdl i" van ^ vidpolgd Vi(t Nam. Nxb. Tdn giio. Hii N91. 34.
20 U Tin DOng (2014). "Nh^n di^n iS d?o Thanh Hai Vd Thugng Su" vi mgi sd vin d^ dpi ra d6t vdi cdng Uk an ninh", uong: Bg Cong an, Trudng E)^] hgc An nmh nhin din, Ky y^u hgi thao khoa hgc: Gidi quyit vdn de "td dgo~ a Viet Nam • Nhgn thuc vd thirc tiin. Tp. H6 Chf Mmh: 349.
21 Ngdn chfn hopi ddng ciia td dgo "Thanh Hal V6 Thupng Su". baogialai.com.vn.
I
Nghign cuU Tdn gAo. SS6 - 2016
11 Le Tin Dung (2014). "Nhln di?n ti dpo "Thanh hii Vd Thupng Su" vi m$t si vin di ( ^ ra ddi vdi cdng tic an ninh". trong: Bg Cdiig an. Trudng E>pi bgc Ao oiith nhan dfin. Ky yiu h(ii thio khoa hgc: Gidi quyit van di "id dgo" a Vift Nam - Nhgn thue vd thue liin, Tp. Hd Chf Minh: 351.
23 Ngdn chpn hopt ^ng eiia td dpo "Tlianh Hdi Vd Thupng Su", baogiaiaixoin.viL
T A I L I $ U THAM K H A O
1. Nguyen Nhu Y (2008), l>gi Tif diin tiing Vi4t, Nxb. Dpi hgc Qudc gia Thinh phd Hd Chf Minh
2. Tir diin Bdch khoa edng an nhdn ddn, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin dfin. Hi N^i, 2005.
3. Bg Cdng an. Trudng Dpi hgc An ninh nhan dfin. Ky yiu h$i thio khoa hpc
"Gidi qu\-it van di "Id dgo" & Vi4t Nam - Nhgn thue vd ih^c liin", Tp. Hi CM Minh. 2014
•*. Mai Thanh Hii (2000), "Ngiy t$n ihi vi hi^n lugng cic "tdn giio" cgv doan".
Nghien cuu Tdn gido. sd 3.
5. L£ Tim Die vi Nguyin Th) Minh Nggc, M^t si hi4n tupng ldn gido mdi a miin Bdc tir sau ddi mdi din nay, De tii cap bg 2013-2014, Co quan chii Iri: Vi^n Nghien c ^ Tdn giio. Vi^n Hitn Ifim Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi^i Nam, nghiem ihu nim 2014.
o. Ban Ton gjio Clifnh phii (2008). Bdo cdo tdng quan du dn klido sdt thifc trgng tdn gido mdi d ntidc ta hifn nay nhimg gidi phdp vd kien nghi. Hi Ngi.
7. Vji Cdng tic ldn gido. Ban DSn vfin Trung uong (2007), Hoi ddp mpl s6 van <ffi vi dgolgd Vifl Nam. Nxb. Tdn giio. Hi Ndi.
Abstract
T H E I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F " P A G A N R E L I G I O N S "
T H E C A G E S O F C H A N K H 6 N G A N D T H A N H H A I V O THlTgiNG SU'
Through research on "pagan religions" such as Chan Khdng and Thanh Hai V6 Thupng Su, the author desires to provide some scientific data for identifying the "pagan religions", thereby raising awareness of people as well as effective management of the authorities for this type of religions.
Keywords: Pagan religion. Chin Khdng, Thanh Hii V6 Thupng Su.
