134 I TRUlbNG BAI H D C THLI BO H A J j g j
NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT DONG NHOM TOONG HOC TAP CHO SINH VIEN TKUdNG OAI HOC THU DO H A NQI
Le IVlinh' Trirdng Dai hoc Thu do Hd Noi
Tom til: Bai viet de cdp vdn de hoal dong nhom Irong hoc lap cita sinh vien; neu mol so nhan id dnh hudng den hoat dong nhom trong hoc tap, chi ra bdn chdt vd cdch thicc Id chirc liogl dong nhom Irong hoc lap cho sinh vien. Tir do de xual gidi phdp vd mo hinh hoal dong hoc lap nhom cho sinh vien tnrdng Dal hoc Tllii do Hd Ndi.
Tit khod: Nhdm, hoal dgng nhdm trong hoc lap, md hinh hoal ddng hoc tdp nhom cua sinh vien.
1. D A T V A N D E
Dpi mdi phucmg phap hgc tap la mpt trong so nhung vi$c lam cSn thi6t khi ma hinh thuc hpc tap tai nhieu truong Cao dang, Dai hpc dang chuyen tu dao tao nien ch8 sang dao tao theo phuang thiic tin chi. Trong do nhom phuong phap tu hpc, tu nghien cuu la xu hirong can quan tam; boi le, viec hpc theo hinh thirc tin chi doi hoi r5t nhiSu kha nang tu nghien ciai, tu hpc tap cua sinli vicn.
Viec ca nlian sinh vicn dpc Lip tu hpc, tu trau d6i tri thiic la cSn thiSt, tuy nhien hoat dpng nhom la phuang phap dem lai nliiSu hieu qua hon, khi ma sinh vien duac trao d6i, thao luan ciing vol nhom ban cung nhu hpc dupe nhiing im diSm, han chS tii each hoc cua cac thanh vien trong nhom. Hon niia, hoat dpng nhom giup sinh vien huy dpng dirac tu duy cua tap the, biet doan k6t, chia se va giiip do nhau trong hpc tap.
Trong thai gian qua, giang vicn ciia truang Dai bpc Thii dp Ha Npi sir dung phuang phap hoat dong nhom tren lop, cung nhu ngpai gia cr nhi6u mon nhung hicu qua con chua cao, vi vay, vice tim hieu hoat dpng nhom trong hpc tap la cSn thiSt.
'Nhan bai ngay 0] 03.2016, giii phan bicn va duyet dang ngay 28.04.2016 Lien he tac gia. Lc Minh; Email: ]minh@daihocthudo edu.vn
T A P C H I K H C A H O C - S 6 3 / Z D 1 B || 135
2. NOI DUNG
Hoat ddng nhdm trong hpc tap cua sinh vien la boat dpng hpc tap dupe dien ra trong mpt tap hop (nhdm) ed tir 2 - 3 sinh vian trd ian, cac sinh vien nay co chung mdt mue tieu hpc tap, cimg tuang tac, tiep xuc vdi nhau trong hpc tap de hoan thanh nhiem vu hpc tap ciia nhdm do giao vian de ra.
2.1. Mpt so nhan to anh hirdng den hoat dpng n h o m trong hoc tap
Tuong tdc: Cac ca nhan trong nhom giao luu vdi nhau theo hinh thitc trao ddi thdng tin hai chieu giira ca nhan trong nhdm vdi mpt ca nhan khac ciing nhom hoac vdi nhdm minh la thanh vien.
Chia se mtic tieu: Cac ca nhan trong nhdm phai chia se muc tieu cdng viec cac quan diam, thong tin lien quan den viec chung ciia nhdm.
He thong cdc nguyen tdc: Nhdm cd nhirng nguyen tac, npi quy nhat dinh ma cac ca nhan ciia nhdm phai tuan theo de thuc hien tot tian dp cdng viec cua nhdm cijng nhu dam bao nhung muc tiau chung cua ca nhdm.
Hdnh vi nhom: Trong mpt nhdm, cac ca nhan thudng co nhimg hanh vi dac trung sau:
Hanh vi hudng cpng tac, hanh vi ciing co nhdm, hanh vi ca nhan ...
Vai tro, nhiem vu cita nhom: Moi ea nhan tham gia vao nhdm deu co mpt vai tro va nhiem vu nhat dinh can phai hoan thanh. Thdng thuirag la nhiing vai tro: ban quan dan cdng tac phai hoan thanh, lien quan den su eiing cd va duy tri nhom, lien quan dan nhu cau ca nhan ciia nhdm vien.
2.2. Ban chat hoat dong nhom t r o n g hoc tap
- Hoat dpng nhdm trong hpc tap phai hudng ngudi bpc dan muc dich chung ciia tap the.
- Hoat dpng nhom trong hpc tap phai xuat phat tir dpng ca hpc tap dung dan.
- Phuang lien sir dung trong hoat dong nhdm phai dat dupe hieu qua hpc tap can thiet.
- San pham, ket qua cua hoat ddng nhdm vira co y nghTa \ d i nhdm, tap the, vira tao ra sir phat tnen nhan thiic cho mdi ca nhan.
2.3. C a c b u d c tien h a n h phuoTig p h a p h o a t d o n g n h o m t r o n g hpc t a p Bu&c I • Giang vien neu van de hogt dong nhom
• Neu va giai thich rd rang muc tiau lam \ iec, giao nhiem \'u mpt each ro rang cho timg nhom va md ta mot each cu \hk each thuc hien cac nhiem \ u do.
136 II T R U d N B BAI HOC THlll P 6 H A H g i
- Dua ra chinh xac thdi gian lam viec ciia mdi nhdm
- Thdng nhit thdi gian hpp lai sau khi thao l u ^ nhom (de bao cao ket qua la^i viec cua nhom)
- Cung cap cac thdng tin lien quan vdi chu dk Bu&c 2: Chia nhom
- Xac dinh sd lupng ngudi cua moi nhom. Thuc hi$n vipc chia nhdm theo nhihig cach:
ngSu nhien (phat bia, the, didm sd...), theo s\r chi dinh cua giang vien hoac theo s\r tir l\ra chpn cua ngudi hpc.
- Cung c^p nhirng vSn dS, cSu hdi dinh hudng qua trinh lam viec ciia nhdm.
Bu&c 3: Lam viec trong nhom - Cac nhdm tiSn hanh lam viec theo nhdm
- Trong qua trinh ngudi hpc boat dpng nhdm, giao vien dong vai tro la ngudi co van, quan li va djnh hudng lam viec ciing cac nhdm, ho trp cho cac nhdm khi can thiet.
Bu&c 4: Tiin hdnh thdo lugn, trinh bdy kit qud cua nhom tncac tap the - Trudc khi tiSn hanh, giang vien hoac mpt sinh vien dupe chi dinh trinh bay ngan ngpn nhung yeu cSu, cau hoi, van de ma cac nhdm da duac phan cong.
- Dai dien cac nhdm trinh bay ket qua lain vipc ciia nhom. Cac nhdm khac dong gdp y kien va tham gia thao lu^n
Bu&c 5: Gidng vien yeu cdu cdc nhom nhan xet. ddnh gid lan nhau, cuoi cung gidng vien tong kit vd rut ra kit ludn ve vdn di da dica ra.
Co 2 dang nhom lam vipe:
+ Nhom dong vi4c: tat cd cdc nhdm deu cung mpt chii di ma vin dS hay nhipm v\i dd cd the dupe giai quylt theo nhieu cdch thdc khac nhau tu^ theo each tilp cSn vdn de khac nhau.
+ Lam viec nhom theo vi tri cong viec: dupe ap dung khi mpt nhiem vu chung e§n thuc hien co the phan ra thanh nhieu nhipm vu nhd ma cac giai phdp cua chung dupe tap hpp chung lai sau khi ket thiic lam vipc theo nhdm.
Can luu y mpt sd diau kipn de th\rc hien phuang phap lam vipc theo nlidm dat Iiipu qua:
+ Lua chpn chii da thich hpp cho lam viec theo nhdm.
+ Co dii dieu kien, phuang tipn lam viec cho cdc nhdm (phong, cac thiet bi, dung eu cdn thiet cho budi lam vi?c theo nhdm)
+ Nam bit va kilm soat tdt dpng ca hpe tap eiia cae nhdm vd cac thanh vien
TAP CHI KHCA HOC - SO 3 / 2 0 1 6 II ^37
+ Cac thanh vien phai ndm viing nliiem vu trong lam viec theo nhdm va tiln trinh, Ijch lam viec.
+ Ngudi hpc cdn cd kiln thiic. ki nang lam viec theo nhom.Neu kiln thuc, kl nang ciia cdc thanh vien tham gia lam viec theo nhdm con han che, giang vien can cd sir gpi y cho nhdm
+ Cdc thdnh vien tham gia lam viee theo nhdm can cd thai dp lam viec nghiem tuc, tich cue.
+ Dp ldn cua nhdm: 4 - 6 ngudi cho mpt nhdm la so lugng tuong doi phii hpp cho budi 1dm viee theo nhdm.
2.4. Mpt so UM diem va han che cua hoat dong n h o m trong hoc tap cua SV
> ifu diem cua hoat dong nhom trong hpc tap
- Hoat dong nhdm giiip ca nhan trd Ien thong minh han (Mot nhdm nghien cihi cua MT da phdt hien thay viec trd chuyan vdi ngudi khac 10 phut moi ngay se gnip ban cai thian tri nhd va diem kiam tra)
- Phat huy tinh tu luc, tich cue, trach nliiem ciia sinh vian.
- Phdt trien nang luc cpng tac, ngan ngira chii nghia cd nlian, tao thdi quen lam viec tap tha.
- Can bang tam li, kha nang hod nhap, kT nang giao tiep va tinh tu trong tdt hon - Cdng viec dupe hoan thanh nhanh ban, tdt han, phong phu hem.
- Hoat dpng nhdm se tao ra nhirng dpng lire thiic day tinh tich cue hpc tap ciia hpc sinh va thao luan trong nhdm se lam cho viec n5m tri thirc ciia sinli vien tham sau rong.
- Qua viec trinh bay, bao ve y kian ciia minh, tranh luan vdi cac ban trong nhom, kien thiic chu quan ciia ngudi hpc giam bdt phdn chii quan philn dien, tang tinh khach quan khoa hoc ddng thdi ngudi hpc se hpe dupe each lap luan, dian dat mpt van da, each giao tiep irng xir va kha nang dpc lap, tu chii ciia ban than.
> Han chi cua hogt dpng nhom trong hpc tap - Doi hdi thdi gian nhieu
- Mpt so sinh vicn co Uiol quen y iai nhom. nhiau thanh vicn cdn chua thuc sir hao hirng vdi boat dpng nay.
- Mpt sd sinh vian chi thich lam vice ddc lap ma khdng mudn chia se suy ngliT hay y tudng.
- Siic y trong hpc tap ciia smh vien la trd ngai ldn ciia hoat dpng nhdm hpc tap (nhicu sinh vicn khong tich cue trao d6i, tuong tac trong nhom kem).
138 II T R U d N G B A I HOC THLJ g O J j A H g i
- Quy trinh hoat dpng nhdm trong hpe tap khd phiic tap khdng phai sinh vien nao cung nam ro dieu nay ngay ca vdi giao vian.
- Hoat ddng nhdm trong hpc tap co nhieu hinh thiic, mdi mpt hinh thuc lai cd nhung mi diem, han che riang nhat dinh ca nhan boat dpng khdng phai bao gid cung nam bat day dil.
3 . DE X U A T GIAI P H A P v A M O H I N H H O A T D Q N G N H O M T R O N G H O C T A P C H O SINH V I E N DAI H O C T H U D O H A N Q I
3.1. Mpt so giai phap nang cao hoat dpng n h o m trong hpc tap
- Giang vien va sinh vien can phdi hpp vdi nhau chat che trong viec dp dung cac phuang phap boat dpng nhom. Can dat van de: yau cau timg ca nhan trong mdi nhom hpc tap trao ddi, chia se, cpng tac, ciing nhau lam viee thuc su.
- Yau cau sinh vien bao cao tinh hinh boat dpng ciia nhdm mpt each trung thuc, mudn vay can yau cau cao trong qua trinh sinh vien lam viec nhom. Giang vian phai cd bien phap quan tam den boat dpng ciia cac nhom (kiem tra true tiep hoac gian tiap kat qua lam vice Clia nlidm...)
- Nang cao nhan thirc ciia sinh vien ve. vai tro, y ngliTa cua hoat dpng nhom, ung dung nhirng kian thue va boat dpng nhom de hinh thanli cho sinh vien phuang phap hpc tap nhom
- Rcn luyen mot sd kT nang cho smh vien: giao tiap; kT nang xay dung va duy tri bdu klidng khi tam II thoai mai, tin tudng lin nhau trong nhdm; kT nang hinh thanh nh6m;kT nang phan cong cong viec va kha nang td chuc, lanli dao nhdm ciia ngudi trudng nhom; kT nang thu thap va xir li thdng tin; kT nang danh gia hieu suk cdng vice.
- Giang vian can nlian thirc duac tdm quan trpng va ban chiit ciia viec td chirc hoat dpng nhom trong hpc tap ciia sinh vien, cdn kich thich himg tim cua sinh vian d l ldi keo ho vao hoat dpng nhdm, cdn ra bai tap phii hop vdi kha nang ciia sinh vien ddng thdi tao tinh canh tranh trong hpc nhom b5ng each danli gia cdng bSng, khach quan, ludn dpng vian, khich la sinh vicn
- Sinh vian can manli dan hon nira trong viec Irao ddi phuang phap hpc tap vdi thdy cd mpt each cong khai, khoa hpc
- Sinh vian can tranh vice phan iinh sai sir thuc vi boat dpng ciia nhdm, khdng che giau lam Ihay cho nhdm
- Sinh vian phai y thirc hinh thanh cho minh mpt dpng ca hpc tap diing diin khi lam hoc tan doc lap cung nhu lam \ icc nhdm.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC - 3 0 3/201S
139
- Mdi mdt sinh vien cd nhiem vu, nhac nhd cac ban y lai nhom, khdng lam viec, khong mudn hpp tac nhdm.
- Ddu tu ca sd vdt chat, phuang tien dap img nhu cau hpc tap nhdm ciia sinh vien . 3.2. De xuat mo hinh ho^t dpng n h o m
1 hi^c tdp S yvT, in', TS£>
Plinn a n h tinh hinh lai
Chu thich: "NT. TD, HV" - nhdn thirc, ihdi do. hdnh vt diing vi HD nhom trong hoc lap Mo hinh tran mieu ta su tuang tac giira cac nhdm bpc tap va giang vien trong qud trinh thue hien hoat dpng hpe tap nhdm.
Tat cd cdc thanh vien tham gia vao boat dpng nhom trong hpc tap: Giang ^ ian. ngudi hpc can co nlian thirc, thdi dp va hanh vi dung \ e hpc tap nhdm; do la dieu kien quan trpng da boat dpng nhom trong hpc tap dat kat qua cao. Nhan thiic duac bdn chat, phuang thuc td chiic, lian hanh, diau khiln boat dpng nhdm; cd thai dp nhiet tinh. hang hdi. yau thich.
chii tam dan viec hpc nhdm; co bdnh vi tieh cue: khuyin khich, dpng vien, chu dong, tu giac tham gia hoat dpng nhdm.
Mgt so nhiem vu cdn bdn ciia gidng vien vd ngu&i hgc:
Ve phia gidng vien: Dieu khiln, dinh hudng hoat dpng nhdm trong hpc tap cua sinh vien: eung cap nhuTig tri ihiic (tai lieu, cac npi dung cdt loi, cd lian quan dan van de sinh vien thao luan) can thiat cho boat dpng nhdm.
Ve phia ngu&i hgc: Phan anh tinh hinh boat dpng, lam viae, thao luan ciia nhom; bao cdo kat qua boat dpng do trudc thay cd va Idp hpc.
140 II T R L f d N B BAr HOC THLI S O j j A H i g i
D I dat dupe thue chat nhiing nhiem vu can ban ndy, ngudi gido vien can giao nhiem vu; nau vdn dl va tiln hanh to chiic boat dpng nhdm mpt cdch thanh thao; neu khong se khd hieu qud trong viec dinh hudng, dieu kliien. Cdn vdi kat qua bao eao, phan dnh cua ngudi hpc, chi thue sy Id san phdm ciia nhdm, cua tap the khi sinh vien bilt cdch tuong tac, chia sa, thao luan; xac dinh ro nliiem vu va cac nguyan tac hoat dpng nhdm.
4. KET LUAN
Phucmg phap day hpc theo nhdm cd nhieu hieu qud tich cue trong viec nang cao chat luang giang day, dao tao d bac dai hpc. Tuy nhien, nau giao vien vd sinh vian khong co su phdi hcrp trong viec sir dung phucmg phap hoat dpng nhdm trong giang day thi se khdng dat dupe hiau qua. Vi vay, giang vien ciing nhu sinh vian phai nam duoc nhirng han che va uu diem eua phuang phap nay de thuc sir tich eye dp dung phuang phap nay mpt each hieu qua nhat. Giang vian klii ap dung cdc phuang phap hpc tap ndi chung, phuang phap boat dpng nhdm noi rieng can tim hieu kT thai dp cua sinh vian vdi phuang phap hpc tap, de kip dieu chinli, udn nan ngudi hpc vdi mpt thien cbi, thdi dp ton trpng, luon hpp tac vdi sinh vian trong vice hpc tap va gidng
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen HCru Chau (2005), Nhirng van di ca bdn ve chuong trinh vd qud irinh day hoc, Nxb Giao due.
2. Le Van Hong, Le Ngpc Lan , Nguyen Van Thang (2008), Tdm li hoc lira tuoi vd suphgm, Nxb The gidi.
3 Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh (chii bien) (2009), Gido liinh gido due hgc (tdp !J, Nxb Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi.
4. Nguyen Quang Uan (chii bien) (2008), Tdm li hoc dai cuang, Nxb Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi.
TO ADVANCE THE LEARNING ACTIVITIES PERFORMANCE IN GROUP OF STUDENTS OF HA NOI METROPOLITAN
UNIVERSITY
Abstract: The arlicle mentions group activities issues in studying ofsludenls and gives a number oj afjecling factors in group activities, indicating the nature and ways of organizing learning aclivilies for group.', ofsludenls The article also proposes solutions and learning activities model in group for students of Hanoi Metropolitan University Keywords: Group. Group activiiies issues in studying, learning activities model in proiip for sliiden
