Anh hirdng cua Von tam ly
den Nang life ca nhan cua sinh vien tai mot so trUomg dai hoc
tren dia ban Ha Noi
• •
„ , , ^4^ PH/IM THI THAMH N H A N *
Tom tat
Nghien cUu nhdm xdc dinh mUc do dnh hudng cda Vd'n tdm ly di'n Ndng luc cd nhdn cda sinh vien tgi mgt sd trudng dgi hgc trin dia bdn Hd Ngi. Ki't qud nghiin cffu cho thdy. cd 3 nhdn lo cua Von lam ly anh hudng den Ndng luc cd nhdn cda sinh vien, bao gom • (i) Su tu tin • (ii) Niim hy vgng; (Hi) Su lgc quan vd phuc hoi. Tff do, tdc gid dua ra mdt so gidi phdp nhdm 'giup sinh vien thong qua Vdn tdm ly cda minh vugt qua rdo cdn trong hoc lap vd cugc sd'ng, ngay cdng hodn thiin bdn thdn vd ndng cao chdl lugng hgc tap.
Tii khda: vdn tdm ly, ndng luc cd nhdn. su tu tin, su lgc quan vd phuc hdi Summary
The study aims to determine the influence of Psychological capital on personal capacity of students in some universities in Hanoi. The result points out three faclors of Psychological capital affecting personal capacity of students, which are (i) Confidence; (ii) Hope; (iii) Optimism and recovery. From this finding, a number of solutions are provided to help students overcome barriers in learning and life through their psychological capital, increasingly perfect themselves and improve the quality of learning.
Keywords: psychological capital, personal capacity, confidence, optimism and recovery Ciai THIEU
Vdn tdm ly Id mot khdi nidm drfdc nghidn ctftf rdng rdi hong nhidu nam gan day. Bdi, ddy la mdt chii dd ed thd tid'p can d nhidu ITnh vrfc khde, Iff xa hdi, tdm Ijf dd'n qudn hi kinh doanh. Vd'n tdm ly giiip chung ta xac djnh dtfdc minh Id ai, minh la mdt ngtfdi nhtf the' nao vd cd thd ldm dtfde gi trong cdc hoat ddng hang ngay. Hidn nay, cd mpt so' tdc gia trong ntfdc, cung nhtf ntfdc ngodi nghidn cffu vd v6h tdm ly anh htfdng dd'n hidu sud't Idm vide hodc ke't qua hpc tap ciia sinh vidn.
Tuy nhidn, da sd'cdc nghien ctfu mdl chi ra md^i quan he gitfa cdc nhan to'Ihupc ddc didm cua sinh vidn va ke't qua hpc tap, ma chffa cd nghien cu^ ndo ve anh htfdng cda vd'n tam ly de'n ndng Itfe ed nhdn cua sinh vidn. Do dd, nghien etfu "Anh htfdng ciia Vd'n lam ly dd'n Ndng Itfc cd nhan eiia sinh vidn tai mdt sd' trtfdng dai hpc trdn dia bdn Hd Npi" Id ra't eIn thie't.
c a s d LY THUYET VA PHl/aNG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Ctf sd ly thuyd't va md hinh nghidn ciJu Mae du cd rd't nhieu each dinh nghia vd vd'n tam ly, nhtfng eho de'n nay, dinh nghia ciia Luihans va cdng stf (2007) ve vd'n tdm ly vdn dtfde sii" dung phd bie'n vd dtfdc danh gid la khd day dii, chi tid't. Theo dd, vd'n tam ly Id trang thai phdt trien tam ly tich ctfe eiia mpt ea nhan vd dtfdc md ta bdi: (i) Stf ttf tin de dam nhan va thtfe hidn nhffng nhiem vu mang tinh thff thach vdi nd Itfc can thie't de dai dtfdc thdnh edng;
(ii) Thai dp lac quan vd stf thanh cdng d hidn tai va ttfdng lai; (iii) Kien tri htfdng tdi muc tieu va khi can thie't cd the xoay chuyen mue tidu dd dai dd'n thdnh cdng; (iv) Khi dd'i mat vdi nhffng vd'n de bat ldi, hp duy tri, thich nghi va vffdl qua nhffng trd ngai de dat Ihdnh cdng.
Dtfa tren cd sd ly thuye't vd'n tam ly cua Luthans va cpng stf, lae gia de xud't md hinh nghidn crfu nhtf Hinh 1.
Cac gia thuye't nghien cffu dd xud't:
Gid thuyi't HI: Stf ttf tin vdo ndng Itfe ban than tae ddng thuan ehieu dd'n Ndng Itfc cd nhan.
"Trrfdng Dgi hpc Kinh te Qudc dan
Ngdy nh4n bdi: 17/7/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 06/8/2020: Ngdy duyit ddng: 22/8/2020
Economv and Forecast Review
45
H I N H 1 : H O HINH N G H I E N CCfU
Ket qua I hpc tgp I Nang luc a
Mguon. De xuat cua tac gi
BANG 1. T H O N G KE MO TA C A C BIEN TRONG MO H I N H Cac bie'n | B |
Nang lU'c ca nhan Sir W tin Niem hy vong Su lac quan va phuc lioi
intmngbtiitau^.
3,2849 3,5487 3,2743 3,4462
. 4 ^
Std.De f 0,65650 0,76666 0,71676 0,68287 l^guon. T a c gia tong h<;)p tiJ" ket qua nghien CLTU
B A N G 2: K I E M D j N H DA C Q N G T U Y E N
Bi£ri dOc I§p (Hang so') Sir ttf tin Ni^m hy vong Lac quan va phyc hoi
Thdng hg da cOng tuy^n IMmgsai
0,429 0,427 0,399
VIF
2,331 2.341 2,504
B A N G 3: K I E M D I N H DA C Q N G T O Y E N L A N 2
Bigii dOc I$p (Hang s^) Su'tifiin Niem hy vong
ThfTi^ ke da c^ng tuylTn Dung sai
0,529 0,529
VIF
1,890 1,890
Gid thuye't H2: Nidm hy vpng tdc ddng thuan chieu dd'n Ndng Itfe ca nhdn.
Gid thuyi't H3: Stf l^c quan va phuc hdi tdc ddng thudn chidu de'n Ndng Itfc ed nhan.
Phtfffng phap nghidn ciJu De cd so lieu nghien ctfu, nhdm tdc gia thtfc hien khao sdt onlme 350 sinh vidn cua 3 trtfdng dai hoc ldn d Ha Npi, gdm: Kinh te Qudc ddn, Bdch khoa, Khoa hpc xa hdi va nhdn vdn. Sau khi loai bd nhtfng mdu khao sdt khdng hdp le (cd 11 phie'u khdng hpp Id, do ngtfdi tham gia khao sdt la hoc sinh ldp 12 va nhiJng sinh vidn tra ldi de'n 2 lan), thl cd 339 mdu khao sdt phu hdp. Nghidn etfu cdn lien hanh phdng van sdu 15 sinh vien cua 2 dirdng dai hpe; Kinh te Qud'c dan vd Khoa hpc xa hpi vd nhan vdn nham ddnh gia tinh phii hdp cua bang hdi vd lam rd thdm mdt so' va'n de. Nghien ciJu su" dung thang do hkerl vdi 5 mtfc dp.
Thdi gian khdo sdt vd phdng va'n ttf ngdy 15/3/2020 den 01/4/2020.
KET QUA NGHIEN COlJ
Thd'ng kd md ta
Bang 1 cho tha^y, tat cd cdc bie'n dai didn cho Vdn tdm ly deu cd trung binh Idn hdn so trung gian Id 3. Bie'n cd trung binh cao nhat Id bid'n Stf ttf tin (3,5487) vd tha'p nhat la bid'n Niem hy vong (3,2743). Bien phu thudc Ndng Itfc ed nhan dai didn cho kd't qua hpc tap cung ed trung binh ldn hdn 3 (3,2849).
Phdn ti'ch kd't qua hdi quy OLS Bdng 2 eho dia'y, he sd VIF eua cd 3 bien deu ldn hdn 2. Do do, md hmh da xuat hien hidn ttfdng da cdng tuyen. Ben
B A N G 4 : K ^ T Q U A HOI Q U Y M 5 b i n h l - * ^ ^ ™ « ^ Bignsft
Stf ttf tin Ni^m hy vpng Cons R' hi^u chinh Sis. (F)
H$ stf hdi quy chifii chu^n h6a
0,332 0,363 0 919
Sig.
0,000 0,000 0,000
H^stfiidiquy chii^nb6a
0.388 0,396
0.515 0.000
W^99
BiChs^
Lac quan va phuc hoi Cons
^ MS hinh 2 ^ V H I
H$ sti bii quy chiAi cluiifii h6a
0,693 0.896
Sie. H$stfb6iquy chuin bda
0.000 R^hi^u chinh
Sis. IF)
0,721
0,518 0,000 Ghi chu:
Mdhinh 1: Anh hudng cua Si/tu tin vd Su-mhy vong den Ndng life cd nhdn.
M6 hinh 2: Anh hudng cua Lac quan vd phuc bSi den Ndng iUc cd nhan.
Nguon: T6ng h(?p ti/ ph m e m S f SS
46
canh dd, cd he sd' VIF cua bie'n Lae quan va phuc hdi Id ldn nha't, do do, bid'n ndy se dtfdc taeh ra de hdi quy ridng.
Bdng 3 eho tha'y, hd so' VIF cua md hinh sau khi taeh bid'n Stf lae quan vd phuc hdi deu nhd hdn 2. Do dd, cd the ket ludn rang, khdng cdn hien ttfdng da cpng tuydn, btfdc tid'p theo dd chinh la phdn tich hdi quy.
Bdng 4 cho tha'y, hd so' R^ hidu chinh ciia md hinh 1 la 0,515, ttfc Id 51,5% bie'n thien ciia bid'n phu thudc Nang Itfc cd nhan dtfdc giai thich bdi 2 bie'n ddc lap la Stf ttf tin va Nidm hy vpng. Dieu ndy chtfng td, md hinh hdi quy tuyd'n tinh phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu cua mlu d mtfc 51,5%, hay cdc bie'n ddc lap gidi thich dtfdc 51,5% bie'n thien cua bie'n phu ihudc Nang Itfe cd nhdn. He so'R-hidu chinh ciia md hinh 2 Id 0,518, cho bid't bie'n dde Idp giai thich dtfdc 51,8% bie'n thidn cua bie'n phu thudc. Cde nhan td'con Iai Id chiu anh htfdng eiia cac yd'u to' ben ngoai vd sai sd'nglu nhidn.
Bang 4 cung chi ra, ca 2 chi so Sig.
(F) = 0.000 < 5%, chtfng to, R'cua ldng the khdc 0. Ddng nghia vdi vide, ca 2 md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh xdy dtfng dtfdc la phii hdp vdi tdng thd. Tuy nliidn, vdn ehtfa the kd't ludn dtfde ve y nghia eua ttfng hd sdhdi quy. Do dd, can phai thtfc hi?n kidm dinh phtfdng sai sai sd thay ddi va kiem dinh phan phoi chuan cua phan dtf.
Bang 5 cho thd'y, td't ca cdc gia tri Sig.
md'i ttfdng quan hang gitfa cac bie'n ddc lap va phdn dtf chuan hda ddu ldn hdn 5%, do dd, phtfdng sai phan dtf la ddng nhat. Cd thd ke't luan rang, khdng cd hidn ttfdng phtfdng sai sai sd'thay ddi xdy ra.
Kiem dinh phan phd'i chuan cua phdn dtf bang bidu do tan sd' phan dtf chud'n hoa Histogram (Hinh 2).
Hinh 2 cho thd'y, dtfdng cong phdn phd'i chud'n dtfdc ddt chdng len tan so'.
Dtfdng cong ndy cd dang hinh chudng, phii hdp vdi dang dd thi phan phd'i chuan.
Gid tri trung binh iVIean xa'p xi bang 0, dp lech chuan = 0,997, xa'p xi bang I.
Vi vdy, cd the kd't luan rang, phan dtf phan phd'i xd'p xi ehuan, hay gia thuyd'l phdn phd^i chuan cQa phan dtf khdng bj vi pham.
Do md hinh khdng vi pham cac gia thuyd't ciia md hinh hdi quy OLS, ndn cac hd sdhdi quy khdng chdch vd gia tri kiem dinh mtfc y nghia thd'ng ke cua ttfng
BANG 5: TCTdNG QUAN SPEARMAN
'5^S-'"P^^" %
Spearman' srho SiJ tir tin
Niem hy vong
Correlation Coefficient Sig. t2-tailed) Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-iailed)
ABSres 0,018 0,742 0,046 0.400 HiNH 2: BIEU DO HISTOGRAM CUA PHAN D(J
Mean ^ -2.16E-1S Std. Dev. = 0,997 N = 339
Tinh toan cua tac gia
Gia thnygit
HI H2 H3
BANG 6 Bi^n d$ci9p Sir tir tin Niem hy vong Lac quan va phuc hoi
TONG HOP KET QUA KIEM DINH Bieh
pIiV thu^c Nang liTc ci nhan Nang lifccd nhan Nang lU'c ca nhan
B 0,332 0,363 0.693
P
0,388 0,396 0,721
Sig.
0,000 0,000 0.000
Ke't qua Chap nhan Chap nhan Chap nhan Ngj. r Tong hdp ti^ phan mem iPSS bid'n sd' trong md hinh Id ehinh xdc. Tdng hdp kd't qua kiem dinh nhtf Bdng 6.
Kd't qua Bang 6 dd chi ra y nghia eua ttfng bien sd, eu the:
Bii'n Su tu tin
Day la mot trong cdc thdnh phan dai dien eho Vd'n tam ly. Bie'n ndy cd y nghia ihd'ng ke do cd Sig. = 0,000
< 5%. He so hdi quy chtfa chuan hda B = 0,332 > 0, chtfng td, cd stf ttfdng quan thudn ehieu gitfa bie'n dpc lap Stf ttf tin va bid'n phu ihudc Ndng Itfc cd nhdn. Cu the; Trong dieu kidn cdc ye'u to' khac khdng thay ddi, nd'u Sti tti tin tdng 1 ddn vi, thi Nang Itfe ca nhan tdng 0,332 ddn vi. He so' hdi quy chua'n hda p = 0,388 xd'p thtf 3 trong sd'cdc nhan id'cdy nghia thd'ng ke. Kd't qua ndy phii hdp vdi gia thuye't HI da dtfdc dtfa ra d Irdn.
Biin Niem hy vgng
Ddy la thdnh phan thtf hai trong Vd'n tdm ly. Bien so nay cung ed y nghia thd'ng kd. ed ttfdng quan thudn ehieu vdi bid'n phu thudc. Cu the: he so' Sig. = 0,000 <
5%; he so' hdi quy chuan hda p = 0.396; he so' hdi quy
Economv and Forecast Revi
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chtfa chu^n hda B = 0,363 cho bid't, trong dieu kien cdc yd'u td khac khdng ddi, nd'u Nidm hy vpng tdng 1 ddn vi, thi Nang Itfc cd nhan tdng 0,363 ddn vi. Ket qua nay phii hdp vdi gia thuye't H2 da dtfde dtfa ra d trdn.
Bie'n Lgc quan vd phuc hoi
Day la bie'n thtf ba trong Vo'n tam ly. Bid'n ndy cung ed y nghia thdng kd, khi chi sd Sig. = 0,000 < 5%.
Khdng nhffng vay, hd so'hdi quy cua bien ndy khd cao (cao nha't trong 3 nhdn td). Cu the: He so'hdi quy chtfa ehuan hda B = 0,693 cho bid't, bid'n phu thudc Ndng Itfe ea nhan cd md'i ttfdng quan thuan chidu vdi bidn dpc Idp Lac quan va phuc hdi. Trong dieu kidn cde yd'u td' khdc khdng ddi, ne'u Lac quan vd phuc hdi tdng 1 ddn vi, thi Nang Itfc cd nhdn tdng 0,693 ddn vi. Ddy ciing Id mdt ke't qud phu hdp vdi gia thuyd't H3 da dtfde dtfa ra d tren.
K£'T LUAN VA DE XUAT
Ket qua nghien etfu eho tha'y, ed 3 nhan td'cua Vd'n tdm ly tac ddng den Ndng Itfc cd nhdn ciia sinh vien tai mot sd' trtfdng dai hpc trdn dia bdn Hd Npi, dd Id:
Stf ttf tin vao; Niem hy vpng; Sif lae quan va khd ndng phuc hdi.
Tren cd sd kd't qua nghidn ctfu, tac gid de xua't mpt sd'giai phdp nhdm giup sinh vidn thdng qua Vd'n tam 1;^
ciia minh vtfdt qua rdo can trong hpe tap va cudc sdng de ngay cang hoan thidn ban than vd ndng cao chat Itfdng hpe tap tai trtfdng. Cu the:
£>oj vdi Nhd trtfng
Ngoai vide dtfa ra khung chtfdng trinh hpe eho ttfng ehuyen nganh vd cdc hd trd ve mat vat cha't, Nha trtfdng ndn thtfdng xuydn td chtfc mpt sd'ldp hpc ngdn ban hay cdc buoi hdi thao ve edc ky ndng mdm eho sinh vidn, nhtf: ky nang quan ly thdi gian, ky nang lap kd'hoach...
De phat huy ndng Itfc cd nhan sinh vidn, ddp tfng nhu cau thi trtfdng Iao dpng, Nhd trtfdng can td chtfc cdc eude thi hpe thuat mang tinh chuydn mdn gitfa cdc khoa, vien de sinh vidn cd cd hpi the hien ban than va tha'y rd nhffng han chd', ttf dd ddt ra muc tidu hpc tap eu the.
Dot vdi gidng vien vd cd'va'n hgc tap
Bdn eanh viec giang day, giang vidn va cd' van hpc tap c^n len kd'hoach cho ttfng mdn hpe, ky hoc dd sinh
vien dd dang xac dinh cdc mue tieu cua minh. Trong qua trinh hgc lap, ciing nhtf edc hoat ddng chung cua Idp, giang vien va cd vd'n hpc tap can thie't ke' cdc tinh hud'ng thtfe le, de ldi cud'n sinh vien tham gia hpc tap nhidt tinh hdn, nhdm phdt huy stf ttf tin cho sinh vien.
Ciing vdi vide tao cho sinh vien cd hpi trdi nghiem thanh cdng, quan sdt cdc md hinh dat dtfdc thdnh tich cao, thtfc hdnh cdc ehid'n Itfdc, dd qudn ly td't hdn ndng Itfc cd nhdn ciia minh, giang vien vd cd' van hpc tap can hd trd sinh vidn vd cung ca'p eho hp cdc edng cu quan Iy nhffng tinh hud'ng cang thing. Ttf dd, ndng cao stf ttf tin vao nang Itfc ban thdn va cd ddng Itfc giup sinh vidn hpc tap cao hdn.
Ddi vdi cdn bd ldp vd ban thdn sinh viin
Cdn bp ldp phai thtfdng xuyen ludn trao ddi, chia se ciing edc thdnh vidn trong ldp nham ndm bat hodn canh sdng, ciing nhtf khd ndng hpc tap cua ttfng sinh vidn, dd ctfng vdi cd' v^n hoc tap cd ke' hoach ho trd phu hdp. Didu nay, khdng chi giiip sinh vien de dang vtfdt qua dtfdc nhffng khd khan trong cudc sd'ng va hpc tap, ma cdn kip thdi phdt hidn ra ede tinh hud'ng khan cap, ma sinh vien irong ldp dang gdp phai.
Tff dd, cd cdi nhin lac quan, itf tin hdn, khi dtfng trtfdc mdt tinh hud'ng ed va'n de, md chtfa bie't cdch giai quyet.
Ban thdn sinh vidn phai ludn nd Itfc he't minh de hodn thdnh cac mue tidu trong qud trinh hpc tap. Khi dtfng trtfdc cdc tinh hud'ng khd, sinh vien phdi manh dan chia se cung vdi ban be, thay, cd gido de tim ra cdch khdc phuc. Ddng Ihdi, phai lang nghe bie't dtfdc minh la ai, minh ed nhffng tfu diem va khuyd't didm nao trong vdn tdm ly, cung nhtf nang Itfe ed nhdn, ttf do cd kd'hoach cu the, nham hoan Ihidn ban thdn.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO _
1. Luthans, F.. Avey, J. B., AvoHo, B. J., Norman, S. M., and Combs, G. M. (2006). Psychological Capital developmeni: Toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3) 387-393
2. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., and Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology 60(3), 541-572
3. Luthans, P., Avey, J. B., and Petera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Managerial Lean
and Education, 1(2), 209-221 arning
