QUAN LYVA PHATTBIEN NGUON NHAN LUD DUA THEN KHUNG NANG LUC
I PHAM THj QUYNH HOA (*)
1. Khii nifm khung ning li/c
Thuft ngQ "nfng li/c" v f n ddng theo thdi gian v i chua cd si/ thdng nhft trong cac n h i khoa hpc. Tuy nhifn, c i c djnh nghTa deu x i c djnh ning ii/e la c i c d i e difm c i nhfn cua mft c i nhin n i c do cho phep tgo ra chft luong thi/e thi cdng vifc tdt (Anne Bourhis, 2000). Bolt (1987) dinh nghTa ning li/c " l i si/
kft hpp ddng thdi nhQng kifn thdc, ky nfng v i thii dd efn cd d f hoin thinh tdt mdt vai trd hay mdt cdng vifc dupc giao" Nhu vfy, ning li/c l i k h i ning thi/c hifn mdt nhifm vg nio dd mdt cich dfy dd va cd chft lupng.
Ning li/c thf hifn bing hinh vi cd thf quan sit, do ludng trong difu kifn lim vife. Nfng li/c eh? duoc x i c djnh trong hinh ddng v i ch?
ed thf nhfn bift dupc nang li/c cda mdt e i nhin qua cdng vifc ngUdi do l i m . Ning It/c l i mft thufc tinh c i nhin, phg thupc vao bdi cinh. Mudn lim vifc hifu q u i , ngudi lao dfng khdng ch? efn "bift l i m " (cd kifn thdc, ky ning efn thift) m i cdn phii "mudn l i m "
(lifn quan d f n dfng cd, thii dp l i m vifc cda e i nhin) v i "cd thf l i m " (dupc td chdc tgo difu kifn cho c i nhfn ap dgng nhQng difu da bift lim v i o thi/c tiin cdng tie) (Clement Mfnard, 2002).
Khung ning li/c phin i n h t o i n bd nang li/c m i mdt c i nhfn efn cd d f d i m nhiem mft vj tri lim vifc hay mdt cdng viec n i o dd (Pastor v i Brfard, 2007). Khung nang life l i cdng cg hQu hifu d f quin ly v i phit trifn ngudn nhin li/c. Cd nhifu logi khung nang li/c khic nhau. Khung nfng li/c cho toan bd nfn cdng vg, mft nginh bao quit mot lupng Idn nhft cd thf c i e ning li/c dUOc sd dgng.
Khung nfng li/c cd thf do mdt td chdc xfy (') Ban HQp tic Qudc ti, HQC vi$n Hinh chlnh
di/ng, i p dgng cho toin bd td chdc (khung ning li/e eda td chdc) hoac cho mdt vj tri lam viec (khung nang li/c cda vj tri lam vifc).
Khung nfng li/c l i mdt cdng cg bifn ddi khdng ngdng, bdi vl nhOng thay ddi trong td chdc, trong xa hdi, d i e bift l i vifc ap dgng cdng nghe mdi cd the t i c ddng tdi ning li/c efn phat trien de d i p dng nhdng y f u c f u mdi g i n vdi nhQng thay ddi niy. Nd the hifn su li/a chpn g i n vdi hf thdng g i i trj cua td chdc.
2. Khung nfng li/c trong quin ly va phat trien ngudn nhfn li/c
Khung ning li/c chuyfn t i i cich nhin thd'ng nhft vf cdng vifc, l i cdng eg che phep c i c n h i quin ly v i c i e chuyfn gia tu van ve quin ly ngudn nhan li/e ed khung tham chieu chung vdi kifn thde, ky nfng, thii dp, d f thi/c hifn cd hifu q u i cic hogt ddng lien quan d f n quin ly di/ bio dd'i vdi nhan li/c cung nhu c i c hogt ddng tgo ngudn, tuyfn dgng, sd dgng nhfn vifn va quin ly chdc nghifp, phit trifn ngudn nhin li/c, quin ly hifu suft lao ddng. Khung nang li/c cho phep dinh g i i mde dp phd hpp gida vifc lim va ngudi lam vifc, tgo ra si/ hda hpp glQa ning IUc mong mudn vdi mong dpi eua td chdc. Nang li/c dUOc dung lam ngdn ngd chung cho viec lim v i ngUdi lam vifc. Vdi he thdng ngdn ngQ nay, mpt mat cd thf xic djnh nhQng nang li/c can cd d f dam trach mpt vj tri lim vifc, mdt cdng vifc hay nghf nghifp; mat khic, cd thf dinh gia nang li/c thuc su cua mdt ca nhan.
Khung nang li/c l i cdng cg hQu hifu d f quin ly hfu hft c i c iinh vi/c cda ngudn nhfn li/c.
Sd difng khung ning ldc trong hoach dinh ki ho9ch nhin si/ vi phat triin ddi ngu ki cin.
Day l i hogt dpng mang tinh chifn lupc gdp phan v i o chit luong v i tinh lien tgc To ehiTC> nhit nudc sd 12/2012
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trong phit trien td ehdc. Thich thde d i t ra vdi c i e td chde l i phii x i c djnh dupc tiem nang cda tdng c i nhan, mong mudn cda hp d f phit huy v i tgo dieu kifn d f hp the hifn tifm nang. Khung nang li/e cho phep xac dinh nang li/e can cd d f thi/c hifn thinh edng chifn lupc cda td chdc trong hifn tgi v i tUdng lai, nhd dd td chdc cd thf xfy dung k f hoach tgo ngudn c i n bd, k f hoach phit trien ning li/c tap thf v i k f hogch phit trifn nang li/e e i nhin phu hpp cho cac dng vien ed tilm ning efn thift d f bd tri v i o cic vi tri quin ly mang tfnh chifn lUpc, quan trpng eua td chdc trong tUdng lai.
Sd dijng khung ning li/c trong tuyin dijng vi gid chin nhin viin.
Khung ning li/c dupe thdng b i o cdng khai trudc khi tifn hinh tuyfn dgng giup cho vifc djnh hudng dd'i vdi cie dng vien, cung cfp cho dng vifn bdc tranh chfn thi/e v f vifc lim m i hp di/ tuyfn, giim nguy cd thft vpng cda dng vien khi chinh thdc dupe tuyfn dgng v i o lam vifc trong cd quan. Mit khic, khung ning li/c se cho eic dng vien bift td chdc mong dOi gl d minh, lim vifc trong td chde, c i nhfn se cd cd hdi phit trifn nang li/c gi.
Dilu niy cho phep c i c dng vifn dua ra quyft djnh li/a chpn ddng d i n phu hpp vdi nang li/c, sd trudng v i g i i trj cua b i n than, gdp phan lim ting mdc dp phu hpp v i k h i nfng phit trifn cda nhin vifn trong td ehdc, tgo difu kifn cho nha quin ly ed du thdng tin d f dua ra cic quyft dinh nhim gid chan ngudi lao ddng trong td chdc.
Sd dgng khung nang li/c trong tuyen dgng v i glQ chin nhfn vifn cdn tao ra su hai hda glQa nhu cau cda c i nhfn va td chdc.
Khung ning li/c l i cdng cg quan trpng, la khung tham chifu d f trfn cd sd dd cd quan, td chdc cd thf tuyfn dupc cac ca nhan cd nhdng ning li/c phd hpp ddi vdi td chdc, hudng tdi hifu suft lim vifc cao hdn. Khung nfng li/c l i cd sd de c i c nha tuyfn dung thiet k f c i c cdng cg tuyfn dgng phd hdp v i hieu q u i . Sd dgng khung nang li/c trong tuyen dgng nhin vien cung cho phfp cac nha tuyfn dgng dinh ra mpt chifn luoc tuyen dgng tdt d f thu hut nhOng ngudi cd nang li/c phd hpp ding ky di/ tuyen.
- Sd dung khung ndng li/c trong dio t$o vi phit triin nhin viin.
Phit trifn nang li/c l i mft thich thdc dft ra ddi vdl c i c ci nhfn, nhUng la mdt y f u cfu mang tinh b i t bupc dd'i vdi c i nhfn va td ehdc trong bdi cinh thay ddi hifn nay. Phit trien nang li/c se gidp eic n h i quin ly hifu r5 ve mdi trudng ndi hp lim vifc, che phfp hp thfch dng tdt hPn vdi mdi trUdng dd, thi/c hien cd hieu q u i cdng vife dupe giao, glil quyft hifu q u i c i e v f n df dft ra, dip dng muc tifu phit trifn eua td chdc.
Khung ning li/c eho phfp x i c djnh chfnh xac nhdng nang li/c efn cd d f hoan thinh cd chft IUdng cdng vifc dUOc giao trong td chdc cung nhu nhu cau phit trifn ning li/c thdng qua x i c djnh khoing eieh gida ning li/e d n cd v i ning li/c hifn cd cua nhin vifn. Xic djnh chfnh x i c nhu cfu phit trifn ning li/c l i CO sd de x i c dinh mgc tifu v i ndi dung dio tgo phd hpp vdi nhu cfu cda td chdc. Nhu vfy, khung ning li/c l i khung tham chifu eho td ehdc v i thift k f c i c hogt ddng dao tgo, bdi dudng, nhd dd cd thf thift k f dupe cic chifn lUOc d i o tgo v i c i c chUdng trinh dio tgo gin vdi mgc tifu cda td chdc, eii thifn hifu qui cua cic hoat ddng d i o tgo. Theo eieh tifp efn nay, nang li/c l i y f u td trpng t i m , l i cd sd d f tifn hinh c i c hogt ddng phit trifn nang li/e, hoin thien nhQng ning ldc da ed hoac tao dieu kifn cho ngUdi hpc ITnh hdi them nhQng nang li/c mdi.
- Sd dung khung ning Itfc trong dinh gii nhin viin.
Khung nang li/c cho mdt vj tri lam vifc hcac mdt td chdc nao do, dUOc xic djnh trfn cd sd yeu cau chft lUOng cdng vifc efn dgt, cd thf dupc sd dgng lim cd sd d f dinh g i i nang li/c va hifu suft lim vifc eua ngudi thuc thi cdng vifc ndi chung v i c i n bd quin ly ndi rieng. Khung ning li/c vdi c i c ch? sd dinh gia cho phep dinh g i i chinh xie v i khach quan nang li/c cung nhu hifu suft lim vifc thi/c te cua can bd quin ly. Nd cho phfp danh g i i kft q u i v i k h i ning thi/c hifn cie chdc ning, nhifm vg dupe giao vdi eic minh chdng ro ring d f x i c djnh ring mft n h i quin ly du nfng li/c hay chUa trong thi/c hifn chde ning, nhifm vg dUOc giao, thay vi dinh
@ To c h u e nha nude sd 12/2012
g i i c i nhfn mft cich chung chung, thifn vf phfm ehft dgo dde.
Dinh g i i chinh x i e ning li/c cda c i n bd quin ly tgo cP sd cho vifc x i c djnh nhu cau dio tgo v f bdi dudng, phit trifn ning li/c cho hp, gidp ngudi dupc dinh g i i thi/c hifn hieu q u i hdn cdng vifc cda minh, ddng thdi tgo cd sd cho vifc sd dgng hifu q u i ngudn nhfn li/c niy trong tUdng lai.
Sd dyng khung ning It/c trong quin ly chdc nghidp.
Ddi vdi c i nhfn ngudi thi/e hifn cdng vifc, die bift l i c i c n h i quin ly, khung nfng li/e rft hdu fch. Nhd khung nfng li/c, cd thf bift duoc nhQng ning li/c m i vj tri lim vifc cda minh ddi hdi, nfng li/c efn cd ddi vdi c i c cdng vife v i chdc vg khic, c i c vi tri quin ly m i ho mong mudn dupc df bgt, bd nhifm, ddng thdi gidp hp hifu ro hinh vi v i kft q u i mong dpi trong hifn tgi v i tUdng lai. Difu niy gidp cic e i nhfn h o i nhfp nhanh trong cdng vife, tgo thufn Ipi cho q u i trinh phit trifn lifn tgc eda ngudi lao dfng v i cho q u i trinh thay ddi hinh vi.
Khung ning li/c cung cho phfp ngudi thi/e thi cdng vifc hifu ro hdn v f ning li/e cda bin thfn (difm mgnh v i difm yfu), gidp hifu dupe phfn ddng gdp cua minh trong kft qui chung m i ddn vj hoic td chdc dang hudng tdi cung nhu tham gia xfy di/ng k f hogch phit trifn v i thfch dng c i c hogt ddng dio tgo phd hpp vdi nhu c f u thi/c tf.
3. Xdy di/ng v i i p dgng khung ning It/c trong quin ly v i phit trifn ngudn nhin
\\fc b Vift Nam.
Vifc xfy di/ng v i sd dgng khung ning li/c trong quin ly v i phit trifn ngudn nhfn li/c cdn l i hogt ddng mdi md d Vift Nam, nhung da duoc thf difm thi/c hifn thinh cdng trong khudn khd mdt sd di/ i n cd si/ hd trp cua c i c ddi t i c nudc ngoii. ChUdng trinh bdi dudng chu tjch UBND xa, phudng, thj trfn do Di/ i n NAPA-SDC cda Hpc vifn Hinh chi'nh xfy di/ng trfn cd sd khung nfng li/c cua chu tjch UBND xa, phudng, thj trfn dupc dinh g i i cao v i da duoc sd dgng df giing dgy trfn toin qudc. Khung ning li/c cda c i n bd l i m cdng tic k f hoach cda tinh Ninh Thuin cung l i cdng cg hQu hifu d f thift k f c i c chUdng
trinh ning cao nang li/c eho c i n bd lim cdng t i c k f hogch khdng chi d Ninh Thufn m i cdn d c i c dja phUdng khic tren c i nUdc. Du i n SEMLA cda Bd T i i nguyen v i Mdi trudng cung ap dung khung nang IUc d f xfy dung chifn lupc phit trifn ngudn nhan li/c cda Bd.v.v...
Vife thf difm thanh edng trong xiy di/ng, i p dgng khung ning li/c d f quin ly, phit trien ngudn nhin li/c trong eic dU i n hd trO phit trifn d Viet Nam cho thi'y, md hinh niy hoin toin cd k h i ning ap dgng v i cd thf trd thinh cdng cg hdu hifu gidp Vift Nam quin ly, phit trifn ngudn nhin li/c mdt cich hifu q u i , mang Igi nhdng t i c ddng tfch ci/c trong ddi mdi v i phit trifn ngudn nhfn li/c, dip dng yfu cfu c i i cich nfn hinh chfnh n h i nude.
Tuy nhifn, vdi die thd rieng ve bdi cinh kinh tf, xa hdi cda Viet Nam, vifc xfy di/ng, i p dgng khung ning li/e trong quin ly v i phit trifn ngudn nhfn li/e d Vift Nam efn luu y mdt sd difm sau:
Thd nhit, vife xfy di/ng khung ning li/c chufn eho tdng ehdc danh cg thf ddi hdi phii md t i tft c i c i e vj trf lam vide, x i c djnh kifn thdc, ky ning efn thift cua tdng vj tri lim vifc. Difu niy ddi hdi nhifu thdi gian, khd thi/c hifn, d i e bift trong giai dogn trudc mlt, khi Vift Nam chUa cd mdt he thd'ng cdng vg vdi c i c ranh gidi nhifm vg dupe x i e djnh rd ring, khd cd thf tifn hinh phfn tich cdng vifc d f xfy di/ng khung nang li/c eho tdng vj trf lam viec. Dfy l i khd khan efn dupe thio gd, cd nghTa la phii x i c djnh rd ranh gidi c i e vj tri lim vifc, phin djnh rd quyen han, trich nhifm cda tdng vi trf; nhu vfy mdi cd the tifn hinh phfn tfch cdng vifc d f xfy di/ng khung nang li/c cho tdng chdc danh.
D f dip dng y f u cau ning eao nfng li/c cda c i n bd, cdng chdc, d i p dng y f u c f u c i i cich hinh chi'nh, cd thf tifn hinh xfy di/ng khung nfng li/c cho tdng nggeh cdng chdc, tdng nhdm chdc danh, cd nghTa l i x i c djnh nhdng nang li/c cdt loi, mang tfnh tdng hpp m i c i c chdc danh trong nggeh, trong nhdm chdc danh efn cd; sd dgng khung nang luc tdng hop niy d f quin ly v i phit trifn nfng (Xem dip trang 21) Td chde nhik nude sd 12/2012
Nam li, thi/c hifn d i o tgo, bdi dUdng e i n bd phii g i n vdi bd trf, sd dgng va luan chuyfn c i n bd; cd quy che quin ly chat che ddi vdi c i n bd dupe cd di hpc v i vife bd tri, sd dgng c i n bd sau d i o tgo. NgUdi ddng dau cfp dy, cd quan, ddn vj phii chiu trach nhiem trong vifc thi/c hlfn quy hogch dao tgo, bdi dudng v i sd dgng c i n t)d d f tranh tinh trang dio tgo khdng ddng chuyfn nginh, chuyfn mdn nghifp vg.
Siu li, Tinh uy, IJy ban nhfn dfn t?nh efn quan tfm df cd cd chf, chfnh sich phd hpp nhim nfng cao chft lUOng dpi ngu c i n bd giing dgy d cic trudng chuyfn nghiep, trudng ehlnh trj v i cic trung tfm bdi dudng chinh tri;
ting cudng cd sd vft chft, trang thift bj tai cac cd sd dio tgo cda tinh, huyfn, dim bio cho dfi ngu cdng chdc, vien chdc yfn tam cdng tic, nfng cao chft luong dgy va hpc.
Biy la, t?nh Difn Bien can danh kinh phi thich dang cho viec dao tgo, bdi dUdng CBCC cap xa trong nhQng nam tdi, cd chf dp uu tien dai ngd dinh rifng cho CBCC dan tdc thifu sd di hpc, dac biet Uu tien cho vifc dao tgo can bd ngudn, c i n bd vung sau, vung xa, vung can cd cich mang, nhim dpng vien hp hpc tfp nfng cao trinh dp, nang IUc lanh dao v i quin ly, dip dng yfu cau nhifm vu trong tinh hinh mdi a
Ghi chu:
(1) Hd Chf Minh, toin tap, tip 5, Nxb CTQG, H.1995, tr.269.
(2) Bio cio sd luang, chit lUdng CBCC dp xa nam 2011, SS NOi vg t?nh Dien Bidn.
r Quan lyva phat trien...
(Tiip theo trang 29) li/c cho cdng chdc trong nggeh hay nhdm chdc danh tUdng dng.
Thd hai, d f cd thf phfn tich dupc nang li/c, ngudi phin tfch phii "cd nang li/c" phu hpp. Ndi cich khic, ngUdi phan tfch nang li/c efn cd ning li/c thu thfp thdng tin, phfn tfch v f tdng hpp, ddng thdi phii trinh dua ra nhQng y f u cfu chung chung v f kifn thdc, ky ning hay thii dp. Mft khic, d n trinh md t i mdt phfn cua hoat ddng hay mdt phfn cdng vifc cg the, trinh lift kf q u i nhifu thai d f va "phfm chft nghe nghifp", d i n dfn tinh trgng xfy di/ng mdt hinh m i u con ngudi ly tudng thay vi mdt con ngudi trong cdng vifc, cd nang li/c thi/c thi cdng vifc dupc giao.
Trfn thi/c tf, mdt ning li/c ch? cd y nghTa khi dUdc md t i mdt cich chinh xic, ro ring d f cd thf hinh dung ra nhOng djnh hudng Idn efn thi/c hifn d f lim chd ning
li/c dd. Vdi mdt yeu cau vf nang li/c chung chung, khdng thf dUa ra quyft djnh chinh x i c de phat trifn cic nfng li/c. D f thi/c hien dupe dieu niy, efn thift phii td chdc c i c khda dao tgo phUdng phip xfy di/ng khung ning li/c cho c i e c i n bd thi/e hien cdng t i c xay di/ng khung nang IUc.
Thd ba, efn ed k f hogch v i bifn phap CU thf d f i p dgng khung nang li/e v i o thuc t f quin ly. Khung nang li/c khdng phii la muc dich ma la phUdng tien, cdng cu quin ly. De i p dgng thanh cdng, khung nang li/c phii dupc thuc hien nhft quin trong td chdc va ddng bd vdi cae ehinh sich quan ly ngudn nhfn ii/c khic. Vf du, chfnh sich dao tao hifn hanh va chf dp dinh gia, dai ngd c i n bd, cdng ehdc khdng ro rang khif n cho hpc vien khdng di hpc nham "nang cao nang li/c" m i chu y f u d i chufn hda bang cfp, dupc nfng ngach, tang IUdng. Vi vfy, mudn ap dung khung ning li/c trong dao tao, efn cd sU thay ddi can b i n ve chinh sich d i o tgo va chfnh sich dai ngp...a
