NF1AN QUYEN HOC - NHAN DIEN VA CACH TIEP CAN
1. Nhan dien tir cac mii'c do nghien cii'u ve quyen con ngwoi d' nu'O'e ta hien nay
Hien trang eua tinh hinh nghien cim khoa hpc ve quyen con ngirdi a nudc ta hien nay cd the khdi qudt bang mdt nhdn xet nhu sau;
Dudi sy chi dao xd lanh dao cua Ddng cdm quyen. hdng tram tdc gid Vict Nam da cdng bd dugc nhfrng sdn pham nghien ciru cua minh xc quyen con ngudi, ldm tang nhanh chdng kho tdng tri thirc ve quyen con ngudi a Viet Nam xd dac biet da ldm xuat hien hai mue do nghien ciru khoa hge rat cd y nghTa ddi vdi viec phdt trien khoa hgc phap ly Viet Nam.
.Mire Jd thir nhdt. mirc d() dat ducic ciia dai da .sd cdc cdng trinh nghien cim da edng bd. Dd Id mue do nghien cuu thyc le kinh nghiem.
So dT cd the ndi dugc x e hai mue dp Id vi ljch su phdt trien cua khoa hge trong xa hdi lodi ngudi da chi ra rang, khoa hgc vdi tinh each Id mcit he thdng tri thirc ve quy ludt x'dn ddng eua mdt khdch the ndo dd. ehi ed the tien den hodn ehinh khi biet k<;t hgp mdt mat vdi iriel hgc vd mat khdc vdi thyc tien' Dili da sd Ciic bai x iei eua cdc tdc gid Viet Nam da dugc thyc hien tren ca sa nhan thiic thyc le. lire Id tren ca sd thyc te cdc quyen con ngirdi da dugc cdng ddng qudc te ghi nhdn trong cdc van kien mang tinh chat phdp ly. tir Tuyen ngdn qudc te xc- nhan quyen nam 1948. cdc Cdng udc qudc te nam 1966 ve ede quyen dan sy. chinh trj, kinh te, xa he)i vd van hod. den cdc Nghj dinh thu kem theo. xd mc)t hien thyc khdc ntfa la qud trinh nc)i ludt hod cdc cam ket eiia qudc gia doi
Phgm \'(in Tinh
vdi cdc quyen con ngudi da ducic ghi nhan trong cdc van kien qudc le.
Khdng the phii nhdn dugc gid trj to ldn ciia mirc do nghien euu thyc te. xi nd da cung cap cho xa hdi Viet Nam mdl lugng thdng tin day du xa he thdng x'e ede quyen con ngudi. de tren ca sd dd nhan thu'c. xay dung nhfrng bdo dam cho su tdn trgng. thyc hien xd phdt trien quyen con ngudi. chdng lai nhung khuynh hudng. nhQng hdnh vi xdm pham quyen con ngudi tren the gidi va tren lanh thd nudc ta.
.\//(t' dp ihir hai ciia nhung cdng trinh nghien ciru x e quyen eon ngudi da duge edng bd a Viet Ntmi. luy edn it. song cung da xual hien xa rat dugc mong dgi. Dd Id mire dp ket hgp ed thyc te hien thyc vd triet hpc. Muc dp ndy, ndi theo Dao phat, la mirc dp "gidc ngp"
vd ndi theo .Xng-ghen, la muc do hodn chinh.
Mirc dd thir hai khdc mire do thii' nhat d chd, ngudi nghien ciru da van dung dugc tri thuc triet hpc de nhdn thirc nhirng quy luat, bdn chat ciia quyen con ngudi, tdc la (ndi theo C.Mdc) nhdn thuc dugc "ban chat phdp ly cua sy x'dt" Vi chi tren ca sd dd, trinh dp dd, mdi cd the nhan thirc diing, djnh nghTa diing xe quyen con ngudi, cdi ma cdc chinh khdch tham gia xay dyng ban Tuyen ngdn qudc te xe nhdn quyen nam 1948 cung khdng cd chu truang xay dyng, vi de bdo dam cd dugc sy ddng thuan cao cua cdng ddng qudc te, chir khdng phdi vi sy phuc tap, khd khan khdng the djnh nghTa dugc ve mat khoa hgc nhu mdt Luan dn Tien sy Luat hpc ve nhdn quyen d Viet Nam ngay nay cdn ngd nhan"
PCiS rs.. \ ien Nha nudc va Phiip luat.
' C. Mac va Ph..\ng-ghen. loan lap. tapl. Nxb. Chinh Irj queic gia. I99.S. 1^82"
- Xem: Luan an Ticn sv cua Nguyen Chuang Hidn, Bao ve quyen con nguai Irong Id lung hinh sir Vicl Nam, 4 2008.
\ // t.v QI YFS HOC - SH.AS I)1F\ ...
Nhu vdy, ei mirc dc) ihii hai ciia cdc cdng trinh nghien cim xe quyen con ngudi phai dat dugc sy ""gidc ngd" xe ban chat (triet hcic) CLia quyen con ngudi. phdi xdc djnh dueic khdch the nghien eiru. ddi tugng nghien ciru. muc dich nghien ci'm x .v.. tiic Id lien hdnh nghien ciru tren ca sa da nhiin thirc dueic Nhdn quyen hgc
Phai tren ca sa dd de nghien cim quyen eon ngudi thi mdi eo kha ndng ddng gdp xdn edng eude xdy dyng xa heii X'iet Nam dat miic dich md Dang ta de ra: ".Xdy dyng xa hi)i ddn gidu. nudc mtinli. edng bang, ddn chu. van minh
X'i mue dich chien linie dd. mdi edng Irinh ngliic-n ciru. mdi ITnh v ye nghien eiru hay mdi chuyen ngdnh khoa hge phai dat den mirc dd ''gidc nge)" nhu da ndi. Neu khdng. lire Id neu ehi dirng a mirc dc) thu nhdt thi khd phan biijl ducic diing. sai. khdng biet dau Id qux lutil. ddu ehi Id mat bieu hien hen ngodi^
Ddi hoi dat den trinh dc) "gidc ngd" x'e quyen con nguiii trude het phai dircrc ddt ra ddi xdi ctic chil the nghien eiru xd giang day X'C quxen eon nguiii ei ninic la xd tren binh dien mdt qudc gia. thi irinh dc) ndx pbai bang mpi ctich de nd xudi hien.
Ldy ban Tuyi;n ngdn qudc le xe quxen con ngirdi ndm 1948 ldm xi du minh hga eho sir Ciin thiel phai ndng eao trinh dc) nhtin thire vi; quyen con ngucii. Xdn bdn ndy cd bai phdn rd rel: Miit phan ghi nhiin nhfrng quy luiii khtich quan. nhfrng edi phai trai qua ddu tranh gian khd trong sudl chieu dai ljch sir ehl) den nam 1948 lodi nguiii mcii ddng ldm khai qudt duoc, x d ine)t phdn khde ghi nhtin
Ph^m \ iln Tinh. Quxen con ngirdi ban chiil va c.ich Hep can khoa hpc phiip ly. Tap ehi Nha nude va Phiip luai. Sli 12 2010. tr.dO - 64.
Oang Cpng san X'lci Nam. \ an kien Dai hdi dai bieu loan qudc kin ihu .Xl N\b. Chinh Irj qudc gia.
2(111, tr.70.
" i urang dupe nil ra lit xiec dpc V.I. Le-nin. Tuven l.ip. l.ip I, Nxb, Chinh trj qudc gia. 2007. cac tr.l09 -
cdc quxen con ngudi eu the. Hai phdn ndx eo quan he bi(;n chirng xdi nhau. Neu x thue dugc phan ghi nhdn xe quy ludt. thi phdn trien khai thirc hien cdc quyen con ngudi cii the si; trdnh ducic gd bd. hinh thirc. tuc Id thdy rd gid trj xd cd dugc ddng lire ciia xiec thirc hicn. The nhung rtit tiec. ban djch tieng X'iet lai bien tdt ca quy lutil da dueic khdi qudt hod a tdm qudc le thdnh cdc nhiin ihire chu quan.
lire Id da bien cdi khdch quan thdnh cdi chu quan nii)t etich rdl dan gian (ldi eho Id xd y thuc). chi bang thao ltic thay tir nguyen ban
"X'i I'iTng..."'' thdnh 'xet rang"...
Tdm liii. trong dic-u kien hien nay ci ninic la. dii V ice nghien eiru duge tien hdnh a ITnh X ire ntio (ddn sir. ehinh In. kinh le. xd hdi hay xdn hod), thi quyen eon nguiii cung phai duge tiep Ihu. nhtin Ihire. nghien eiru. gidng dtiy x a phdt trien iren cei sa cua hai bd phdn khdng itich rdi nhau cua no (quyen con ngucii).
'* Bd phgn Ihir nhdt: Dd Id ban chdt xd eae quy lutil.
- X'e ban chdi eua quyen eon ngudi.
Irong nghien euu khoa hgc ndi ehung vd nghien eiru xe quyen con ngucri ndi rieng.
\ ice nhan ihirc diuig ban chdt cua x an de dueic nghien eiru phai duge dat ra ddu lien.
Nghien eiru quyen eon nguiii md ban thdn ngucii nghien ei'ru khdng bii;t bode khdng mudn biel quyen eon ngucii Id gi (gid trj. kha nang. nhu eau. Igi ich hay Id tieu ehi de ddnh gid X .v.). thi ly chudc Idy riii ro vd gax rui ro eho xa hdi.
X'i the. khi phdi de cap vdn dc quxen con ngudi. tdi da thyc hien mdl nghien ciru khdi qudt tren binh dien qudc gia cung nhu qudc tc- V d ket qua da dua den nhdn thue rang, tux
"Bd lutil nhdn quyen qudc tc-" khdng chinh thirc dua ra Icii djnh nghTa nhdn quyen la gi.
.song nhfrng xan ban cbinh tri phdp ly dd da
' Ddi chieu: Allgemeine Erklaerung der Mcnschcnicchlc. la) lir hup:'.vvvvv\.ohchr.ong en udhr sages l.inguagc a.spx'.' l.angid ger voi "Tuyen ngdn qudc le nhan quven". ban dich tieng Vict - Cao u> nhan qiiyi-n Lien hirp qudc. liiv tu "htip: yi.vvikipcdiii orgi
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SHA SCOC VA PHAP I.CAT SO 1/2012
dugc xay dyng tren nen tang ciia mdt he thdng tri thirc uu viet xe nhdn quxen. tuc Id nhin thdu bdn chdt cung nhu nhung quy luat van ddng ciia x'dn de nhan quyen trong ddi sdng thyc te cua nhan loai. Tir dd. tdi da dua ra sy khdng djnh rang, quyen con ngudi. x'c bdn chat, chinh Id nhu cau cua con ngudi vd djnh nghTa khdi niem ndy nhu sau;
"Vdi tinh cdch Id mdt thuat ngu phdp ly.
quyen con ngudi dugc hieu Id nhu eau cdn thiet. chinh ddng xa phd bien ciia con ngirdi.
dugc xa hdi thira nhdn xa phdp ludt ghi nhdn"'
Trong djnh nghTa ndx. nhu cdu ciia con ngudi Id bdn chdt ddng thdi cung la ngoai dii;n gdn hem cd eua khdi niem quyen con ngudi. Cdn ede dac diem; ''can thiet. chinh ddng X'd phd bien. duge xa hdi thua nhdn xa phap ludt ghi nhdn" Id nhfrng ddc diem khdc biel, lire Id ndi bam ciia ngoai dicn. Nhu cdu ciia con ngirdi, dd Id "bdn chat phdp ly cUa sy vtit" md phdp ludt xe quyen con ngudi phdi phii blip \ cil nd'
- X'e cdc quy luat xd ede mdi lien he cua quyen con ngucii.
Tjch sir ddu tranh ldu ddi cua lodi ngudi lien bd \ i ty do. binh dang xa bae ai, vi cdng ly va hod binh tren trdi ddt, da mang lai Ihdnh luu rye rd dueic the hien cu the bang
"Bp ludt nhdn quyen qudc lc" cdi md den lucTl nd eung thucmg xuyen dugc bd sung xd hodn ehinh theo thai gian tir khi xudt hien cho den nay X'd ngay nay. xe mat khoa hpc xa thyc le ddo tao d nircic la'", da cho phep
Pham Van Tinh. Quven con ngupi - ban chai va Ciieh licp can khoa hpc phap Ix. Tap chi Nha nudc va Phap hiiii. Sli 12 2010. tr. 60- d.s,
" Xciii. C M.ic va Ph. Xng-ghen. loan lap. tapl. Nxb, Chinh irj qudc gia. 4 199s tr. 178.
" Ngav 2S •' 2010. Lien hop qudc da luxen bd trong mdl Nghi quxel diin su khdng bai budc ve nhu cau cd nuac sach la quxen con ngudi xem hup' de.vvikipedia.org wiki Menschenreehte.
'" Xem: Cao Due Tiiai. Quven con ngirdi irong thdi kx ddi mdi - mav van de nhan Ihirc lv luan va Ihuc tien. Irong cudn Quven con ngudi - liep can da nganh
ndi den mdt chuyen ngdnh khoa bpc phdp Ix mdi. Dd Id Nhan quyen hpc hay khoa hpe xe quyen con ngirdi.
Vdi nhdn thirc chung. khoa hpc Id mdl he thdng tri thuc xc- ede quy luiit xiin ddng cua mdt khdch the ndo dd xa phdi ddp ung dirge cdc lieu chi eua mdt khoa hcic ddc lap.
lire Id phdi cd khdch the nghien ciru rieng.
ddi tugng nghien eiru rieng. muc dich nghien cQ'u rieng...". thi Nhan quyen hgc rd rdng da ddp ung dirge cdc lieu chudn phd qudt dd.
Bang X iec xde djnh bdn chat phap ly cua quyen eon ngirdi Id nhu cdu edn thiet. ehinh ddng xd phd bien cua con ngudi. thi ddng thdi khdch the nghien ciiu cua Nhdn quxen hpc eung sdng to. Dd Id tinh hinh thirc hien quyen con ngirdi ve cdc mitt chinh trj, ddn sir, kinh te, viin hod vd xa hpi ff mpt qudc gia. Hay ndi khdc di. khdch the nghien cuu cua Nhdn quxen hpc Id tinh hinh xu ly vd ddi XU' cua Nha nudc ddi vdi nhu cdu eua con ngudi tren tdt ca cac ITnh x -yc eiia ddi sdng xa hdi. tir cbinh trj. ddn sy. den kinh te. van hod X'd xa heii. Phdi thdng qua xiec nghien ciru tinh hinh chinh trj. ddn sy, kinh te, xa heii \d xan hda d lirng nai, theo tu'ng thdi gian nhdt djnh. tbi mdi cd the kiem nghiem dugc muc do thyc hien quyen con ngudi, tirc Id mirc dp gidi quyet vd thda man nhung nhu cdu ve sdng. chet. an. d. di lai, lam viec. hpc lap. chua trj bijnb tat.... nhung nhu cau ve ty do. binh dang, an todn. an ninh cd nhdn v.v.
Nhung tinh hinh da neu van ddng tren cei sd cua nhieu loai quy luat. trong dd cd quy lugt ve sir thirc hien quyen con ngirdi.
Nhung nhu cau can thiet, chinh ddng va phd bien cua con ngudi dugc gidi quyet vd thoa man tdt bao nhieu thi tinh hinh chinh trj. dan sy. kinh te. xa hdi xd van hda se tdt bax
xa lien nganh khoa hoc xa hdi. Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hpi.
2009. tr.L^-3d
" Xem them: Pham Van Tinh. Klio;i tipc phap ly va veu c l u nang cao irinh dp Ix luan theo Nghj quyfit XI cua Diing. kv xeu hdi thao do Vicn N l u nudc va Phap iuat id chirc ngav 17 ihang 6 nam 2011.
SH.AS QCYFN HOC - NHAS DIFS ...
nhieu. Day cbinh la quan diem phdt trien dya tren quyen con ngudi.
Ndi cdch khac. nhung nbu cdu da dugc ghi nhan tbanb quyen ciia con ngudi dugc nay sinh vd van hanh nbu the ndo. cd mdi lien he gi vcii sy phdt trien ciia bdn thdn con ngudi vd eiia lodn xa hdi. cd tdc ddng tdt.
xau nhu the ndo ddi xcii xdn de an ninh. trat ty xa hdi. cung nbu ddi xdi xan de cdng ly va hda binh. dn djnh tren pham vi qudc gia va qudc te v.x. Ddy rd rdng Id nhQng quy luat xd cdc mdi quan he nhdn qud ma Nhdn quyen hpc phdi quan tam. Ndi cdch khdc.
Nhan quyen hpc ed ddi lugng nghien ciru Id nhfmg qux ludt phdt sinh xd van ddng eua nhu cdu ciia eon ngucii. nhfrng mdi lien he nhdn qud gifra sy thoa man cdc nhu cdu cdn thiet. chinh ddng vd phd bien ciia con ngudi xdi sy phdt Iricn ehung cua todn xa hdi tren cdc ITnh vyc chinh trj. dan sy. kinh le. xa he)i. Viin hda, vdi nhirng gid trj phd qudt md loan nhan loai eung hucing tcii.
Tiep Ciin bang phuang phdp be thdng, ddi luemg nghien ciru cua cdc khoa hge ndi chung va cua Nhan quyen bgc ndi rieng, chi CO the Id quy luat vd cdc mdi lien he nhdn qud. X'd neu qux tat ea xe mdi lien he nhdn qua, thi quxen con ngucii xeii tinh cdch Id nhu cdu eua con ngudi, cd mdi lien hi; ben trong eua bdn thdn nhu edu xd ed mdi lien he ben ngodi, lire la mdi lien he gifra sy tdn trpng, bdo xe xd bao ddm cho cdc nhu cdu can ihiel, ehinh ddng xd phd bicn eua eon nguiri duge gidi quyet xd thda man xeii cdc gid trj, muc tii;u phd qudt khdc md lodi ngirdi huang tcii ty do. edng ly xd hda binh tren loan the gidi.
NliQng mdi lien he ben ngodi dac biet quan trgng ndx da dugc ghi nhtin ngay ttii Teii ndi ddu eua ban Tuyen ngdn qudc te xi;
quxen con ngudi nam 1948 bang bdy cdu eo can tnic gidng nhau. deu bat ddu bang Idi giai thich: "X'i rang..."
-I Cdi "xi rdng" thir nhdt: "X'i rang, sy cdng nhtin pham gia bam sinh vd sy cdng
nhdn cdc quyen binh dang vd ede quyen khdng the tudc doat ciia tdt cd cdc thdnh x ien eua cdng ddng nhan loai la nen tdng cua ty do. cdng ly vd hda binh tren thi; gidi"
+ Cdi "xi rang" thir hai: "X'i rang, sy khdng cdng nhdn vd xem thuimg quyen con ngudi da ddn den nhfrng hdnh ddng man rg.
nhfrng cdi xuc pham den lucmg tri nhdn loai.
X'd XI rang, mdt the gidi trong dd tat ca mgi ngudi deu dugc huang ty do ngdn ludn. ty do tin ngudng. khdng cdn sg hai xd ddi nghiio. da dugc tuyen xung Id ueic xgng eao nhat eua eon ngirdi"
+ Cdi "x i rang" thii ba; "X'i rang, quyen con ngudi edn phdi duac bao xe bang phdp ludt. de con ngudi khdng bj bat bue)c pbai su dung den bien phdp cudi eiing Id vung day chdng lai ddc tdi xd dp birc"
So dT phai chep lai ba cdi "X'i rang...' dau lien eua Tuyi;n ngdn qudc le xe nhdn quxen nam 1948 nhu xtiy de chirng minh hai dicu hi: trgng:
.\ldt Id. bdn djch tieng X'iet da xd tinh ldm gidm gid trj khoa hgc ciia ban Tuyen ngdn qudc le:
Hai Id, Nhan quyen hgc cd ddi lugng nghien cuu Id ca mdi lien he nhdn qud ben trong xd ca mdi lien he nhdn qua ben ngodi cua nhu cdu cua con ngudi vdi khdch the nghien cuu. lire Id nhu cdu cua con ngudi xdi tinh hinh chinh trj. dan sy. kinh le. xa hdi vd X'dn hda tren pham x i qudc gia v d qudc ti:.
Phdi tren ea sd nghien ci'ai cd hai hueing dd. cdc mdi lii;n he nhan qud ben trong vd ben ngodi nhu cdu cua con ngirdi. Nhdn quyen hgc mdi cd du thdng tin ldm co sa cho X iec qux pham hod. nic)t Id de hodn thicn nhfmg dieu da quy djnh tnmg phdp ludt qudc le xd qudc gia xe mdt nhu edu ndo dd cua con ngudi. hoac hai la de ghi nhdn them mdl nhu cau mdi thdnh quxen eon ngudi.
Khdi qudt lai. Nhan quyen hpc cd mue dich quy pham hod. Vd nhu xtiy. ca ba tieu cbi ea bdn nhat ciia mdt khoa hoc da dugc
.\//.i \COC\ \ PHAP I.U.AT so I/2012
ldm sdng lo xe cei ban. Tu dd cho phep djnh nghTa: .\hdn quyen hpc Id mpt khoa hpc phdp ly vj quy phgm, nghien ciru khdch the
ciia minh Id tinh hinh chinh trj, dan sir, kinh te, .vd hpi vd vdn hda ff mdi qudc gia de .xdc dinh cdc nhu cdu cdn thiet, chinh ddng vd phd hien eita con ngirdi, nham quy phgm hod cdc nhu cdu dd thdnh quyen con nguiri Iren phgm vi qudc gia vii qudc te, cung nhir thiic ddy viec trien khai thirc hien cdc quyen con ngudi tren thirc te.
* Bp phgn thir hai: Ctic quxen con ngudi cu ihe
X'i quxen con ngudi cd tinh phd bicn (T'galitacl Inixersalilaet). nen hinh thirc xdn bdn phii hgp nhdt xdi tinh ehal dd phdi Id hinh thirc van ban ed hicu lyc qudc tc.
Cdi ldgic cua su xtit quy djnh nhu xtiy xd lodi ngueii. du phdi trdi qua bao thdng trdm vd hao tdn ca mdu xirang. nhung cudi cung eung da hdnh ddng theo quy luat dd. Bd Ludt qudc te xe quyen con ngirdi (International Bill oT Human Rights) da dinic ra ddi xao the ky ,\X vd xdn dang liep luc duge bd sung cdc quxen meii eua con ngudi. Ngdy nay. ngudi la ndi den the hi: Ihu ba cua quyen eon nguiri cung Id ndi theo qux ludt ndy. tuc Id nhu cdu cua eon ngudi. nit)t pham tru tdm - sinh ly - xa hdi. duge nay sinh ciing sy xutit hien eua con ngucii x d khdng ngirng van ddng vd phdt trien Ihco qud trinh xa hdi hod cd nhdn trong sy xtin ddng cua mdi Irudng sdng.
trong sy phdi trien cua mdi trudng xa hdi. nen sir ghi nhtin nhfmg nhu cdu eiia con ngudi ihdnh cac quxen cu the cung ngdx cdng tang them ve so lugng. da dang hem vc chung loai xd hodn ihien hon xe ngi dung.
Ciing a lain nhdn thirc todn cau. ben eanh tinh phd bien. quyen con ngirdi cdn mang trong minh linh ehal chinh the. thdng nhdt ma nhieu ldi lieu qudc te xd qudc gia ggi Id tinb chdt khdng the phdn ehia (I'nleilbarkeiil. Dicu ndy la chdn ly. Id quy ludi X i nd phii hap xdi ban tinh ty nhien xdn cd ciiii quyen con nguiii. Thi: nhung tren
thyc lli-. de nhtin thuc. de xdy dung pli^iP '"^t- de nghien cim. tuyen truyen. giao due. dao tao xd ke ca de thuc hien. quydn con ngudi xan phdi dugc phdn chia. Va thyc td-,gan hai muai nam sau ban Tuyen ngdn quoc te xe quydn eon ngirdi. nam nhdm quyen chinh thiie da dugc ghi nhdn x ai ine)t danh muc cac quyen cu ihe. md trong dd edn cd nhirng lieu nhdm quydn can phai dircK- nhdn dien dc- nghien eiru lidp lue xd .sdu hem. chang ban nhu ticu nhdm quyen xc- mat tu phdp hinh sy. Vc- lieu nhdm quydn ndy dang cd sy ngp nhdn a ninic ta. song nd da dugc de cap trong mdt bdi xiel khde. Vi the d day xin phep kbdng di sdu.
2. Nhan quyen hpc va cac khoa hoc phap K khae
Trong mdi lien he x di cdc khoa hpe phtip ly khde. Nhan quyen hgc gifr vai trd ciia nicil khoa hge phdp ly bao triim. Sy bao triim cua Nhdn quyen hgc khdng chi ddi vdi mot chuyen ngdnh nao nhu Tgi pham hgc chang hiin. ma cdn ddi vdi tat cd cdc khoa hpc phap Iy khdc. ke ca khoa hgc phdp ly vj quy pham. khoa hge phdp ly phi quy pham. khoa hge ludt hien phdp (Hien phdp hpe). Cai nghTa bao trum o ddy khdng chi gidi ban d mdt lieu cbi ndo ciia mdl khoa bgc (ehuyen ngdnh) dde lap. md nd "phu bdng" ddi vdi lal cd cac lieu chi. lir muc dich nghien cuu cua khoa hpc dd. den khdch the nghien ciru, ddi tugng nghien ciru. pham vi dp dung v.v.
Trong he thdng cdc khoa hgc phdp ly.
Nhan quyen hpc xirng ddng lii "khoa hoc me", mill khoa hgc cd ddi lugng nghien ciru (cdc quy ludt xd ede mdi lien he nhdn qua cua khdch the nghien ciiu xdi ede hien tugng xd cdc qud trinh kinh le - xa hdi khdc) khdng cbl chi phdi sy phdt trien eua cae khoa hoc phdp ly khac. md cdn chi phdi sdu sdc su phdt trien cua xa bdi ndi chung tren tdt cd cdc ITnh xyc cua ddi sdng xa hdi jgy ,.^^j dich thyc la quan diem phdt trien dya tren quyen (quyen con ngirdi).
