KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO
NGHIEN c u t ; XAC DfNH DANG TON TAI
CUA VILUVNG KIM LOAI NANG TRONG QUANG SERICIT SON BiNH BANG PHUONG PHAP TEM-EDX
TS. NGUYEN VAN HANH, TS. DAO DUY ANH Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam
^S ericit la loai khoang chit thude nhdm alumino
^ V silieat dang vi tinh thi, ed tinh thi he dan ta, eiu
> ^ tme Idp (ciia tu dien AI-Si-0) tuang tu mica. Cdng thirc hoa hgc chung: KoM(AI,Fe,Mg)2(SiAl)40io(OH)2.nH20, thanh phin hoa hgc: Si02=43,13-49,04 %;
Al203=27,93~37,44 %; K20+Na20=9~11 %;
H20=4,13~6,12%[2].
Serieit duge nhan bilt bdi cac tinh chat vat ly dae trung sau:
•*• Cd anh lua, anh kim. Cac khdi serieit sach cd mau xam sang, phdt hdng, trang.
•!• Cd kha nang phan tam mdng-rat mdng. Ti le dudng kinh/dg day >80, hat mjn-rit mjn.
•*• Tl trgng (g/cm^): 2,6-2,7; Do cung (theo bang Mohr): 2-3
''.' Tinh dan hdi cao, de udn (hing s i dan hdi:
1505-2134 Mpa), be mat tran bdng, chdng mai mon tot.
•:• Chju nhiet cao (din 600-1100 °C), din nhiet kem (he s i din nhiet: 0,419-0,670 W/m.K), nhiet dung neng 0,8 kJ/kg.K, each dien t i t (do bin dien 200 kv/mm), each am, khdng thim nude.
''.' Ben hoa hgc, khd pha huy trong dung dieh axit va kilm. Cd kha nang chdng eae tia tir ngoai (ultraviolet-UV).
Vdi nhieu dae tinh qui bau, serieit duge sir dung rgng rai trong cac ITnh vuc sau [3, 4]:
'I' Trong cdng nghiep cao su: lam phu gia va chat don chiic nang gia eudng tinh chju luc, ma sat va chju nhiet, lam tang tinh each dien, ben axit va baza cua vat lieu.
'> Trong xay dung: lam cac vat lieu trang tri, ket dinh, cac tam phu tudng, t i m t r i n , san phii chong tham va chiu phong hda do anh hudng ciia thdi tilt.
•'•Trong cdng nghiep nhua, polyme: lam chit ddn chiic nang cho eae loai nhua eung va nhua mIm; lam tang do ben nhiet, ben va dap, tiet kiem nhua; lam chat gia eudng eho mgt sd chi tilt d td.
•>Trong cdng nghiep gdm sir: Lam tang do ket dinh, do bdng, bin nhiet va tinh each dien.
•t« Trong cdng nghiep luyen kim: Lam cac chat phu be mat kim loai, chdng dxy hoa tot ngay ca trong dilu kien nhiet do cao den 1000°C.
•> Trong cdng nghiep gily: Lam tang do bdng, bam mue in, chdng thim, lam giay dan tudng, giay trang tri, gily phu tinh nang dae biet.
•!• Trong cdng nghiep san, pham mau: Lam tang tinh huyin phu, tang do bam dinh be mat, giam do eo ngdt, chdng phdng rdp va tac dgng cua thdi tiet, chdng tac hai mdi tnj'dng, giam do chay. Dae biet serieit la chat khdng the thieu trong che tao san d td, nhat la san nhu.
•:• Trong cdng nghe che tao dau md bdi tran cho dgng ca: Lam tang do chju nhiet, chju mai mon va tang tuoi thg san phlm.
•> Trong cdng nghiep hoa my pham: Vdi dae tinh mem, mugt nhu ta (silky mineral), serieit dugc sir dung lam phu gia hoac cac chat phu, chit ddn, chat nIn cho san xuit cac loai son, phan mat, phan mau khd va udt, kem (nhat la kem va xa phdng dudng da) do cac tinh nang chdng cac tia UV, giu am, ket dinh, do trong, anh lap lanh, do mjn cho be mat da, khdng ddc.
1. Mpt so phu'Ong phap va phu-ong phap TEM-EDX sip dung cho nghien cipu thanh phan vat chat quang serieit So-n Binh
Cdng tae nghien cuu cdng nghe che bien khoang serieit da va dang duge tiln hanh tai Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam. Cac nghien ciru thanh phan vat chat da duge tien hanh bIng cac thiet bj va phuang phap sau:
•!• Phan tich Ranghen nhieu xa tren may D8- Advance; phan tich nhiet vi sai tren may STA-PT
1600; phan tich microzon tren kinh hien vi dien tir CAMEBAY va phan tich thanh phan hda hgc dugc thue hien bIng phuang phap hip phu nguyen tir tren he thilt bj AAS hay phuang phap cam ung kep plasma ICP tren may IRIS-INTERPID tai Trung tam Phan tich Thi nghiem Dja chit.
•> Phan tich khoang tudng, thach hgc tren kinh hiln vi phan cue AXIOLAB tai Vien Nghien cuu Khoa hoc Dia chit.
CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 - 2 0 1 0
KHOA HOC VACONG NGHE MO
•:• Phan tich ciu tnjc khoang tren kinh hien vi dien tir quet (SEM) tai Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam va phuang phap TEM-EDX tai Vien Nghien cuu Dja chit va Dja ly (institute of Geography and Geology) Tnj'dng Dai hgc Ting hgp Grejfswald-Cdng hda Lien bang Qifc.
Phuang phap TEM-EDX la phuang phap phan tich kinh hiln vi dien tir truyin qua (Transmission Electron Microscopy) tich hgp he thing phan tich nguyen t l bIng nang lugng tan xa tia x. Thdng sd he thdng thilt bj gIm: kinh hiln vi dien tir truyin qua Jeol JEM -1210 (120 KV, LaBg -cathode) tich hgp he thing phan tich nguyen t l bIng nang lugng tan xa tia x (Energy- dispersive X-ray (EDX) ISIS LINK-OXFORD system va camera GATAN MULTISCAN. Ben canh hinh dang, kich thude eae hat khoang vat dugc quan sat va ehup anh, cac hat khoang cdn duge lua chgn d l phan tich thanh phin hda hgc (cac dilm phan tich dugc danh diu bIng dudng trdn viln tring tren anh), tu dd eho phep tinh toan cdng thuc hda hgc ciia khoang vat.
2. Kit qua nghien CLFU xac djnh thanh phan vat chit quang serieit So-n Binh
Kit qua phan tich ranghen va phan tich nhiet vi sai cho thiy quang serieit San Binh Ha TTnh cd thanh phin khoang vat chinh bao gIm: serieit cd cdng thuc taing binh
(Ko,727Nao,i7Cao,01l)(Alo,933F6o,016Mgo,01l)2(Sio,782Alo,22l)4
Oio(OH)2.5H20; thach anh [Si02], pyrophyllit [AI(Si205(OH)]; kaolinit [Al2Si05(OH)4] va clorit Ngoai ra cung cdn mgt lugng nhd khoang vat albit canxi co cdng thirc trung binh [(Nao,75Cao,25)(Ali,26Si2,7408]-
Kit qua phan tich khoang tudng, thach hgc chira thanh phin cac khoang vgt phi kJm loai chilm tir 97- 99 %, trong dd chii y l u la thach anh, serieit va fenspat (KAISJsOs). Chiing t i n tai dudi dang vi hat In tinh nIm xen ke, xam tan rIt mjn vdi nhau, kich thudc xam tan cua cac hat khoang serieit tu vai tram )im tdi vai tram nm (hinh H.I, H.2, H.3 va H.4).
Vat lieu g i n k i t la tro nui lira bj biln ddi thanh tap hgp vi vly-vly nhd serieit va set udn lugn xen lan vun thach anh sieu mjn. Chi mgt phin nhd: 1- 2 % ban tinh thach anh t i n tai d dang hat trdn eanh bj nirt ne cd kich thude 0,5-2,5 mm. Ddi khi gap cac manh da phun trao axit (porphyr thach anh) cd kich thudc hat tdi ~ 4 mm.
H. 1. Anh thach hgc chup tren kinh hiSn vi phan cue AXIOLAB; S-sericit, Q-Thach anh, M-Quang
H.3. ciu tmc vi viy cua khoang sencit vung Ha Tfnh. Anh chup tren SEM
H.2. Anh thach hgc chup tren kinh hien viphan cue AXIOLAB, Q-Thach anh ban tinh
SO.Oum ^ ^ ^ H IMS-NKL x20.0k SE(M)
H.4. ciu tmc lap cua khoang serieit vung Ha Tfnh. Anh chup tren SEM CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 - 2 0 1 0
KHOA HOC VACONG NGHE MO
Ngoai ra cdn cd mgt sd khoang vat quang (1^2
%) bao gdm: leueoxen [(Fe-Ti)02], rutil (Ti02), khoang vat s i t (gatit-FeOOH, limonit- FeOOH.nH20, hydroxit slt-Fe(OH)2(3), pyrite-FeS2).
Ddi khi gap ehalcopyrit (CuFeS2), ilmenit (FeTiOs), sphen (CaTiOSi04) va zircon (ZrSi04).
Kich thudc hat tu 0,1 <0,01 mm phan b l rai rac trong nen phi quang.
Bang 1. Ket qua phan tich microzon dan khoang serieit Ha Tfnh TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Miu phan tich M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 M-5 M-6
Ham lugng (%) SiOz
46,60 46,91 47,08 45,05 46,96 46,80
AI2O3
37,08 36,90 37,10 35,51 36,95 36,86 ^
MgO 0,12 0,13 0,10 0,52 0,08 0,26
K2O 10,34 10,27 10,40 9,05 10,12
9,98
FeO 0,21 0,25 0,23 4,15 0,28 0,20
H2O
4,90 5,00 5,01 4,50 4,98 4,95 Bang 2 Ke't qua phan tich quang phd plasma quang serieit Ha Tfnh
Ddn vi
% ppm
Ham lugng trong d p hat < 10 ).im
AI2O3
35,97 As 38.3
CaO 0,09 Pb 50,3
Fe203
0,18 Sb 13,1
K2O
8,50 Cd
<2
MgO 0,07 Co
<2
MnO
<0,005 Cr 27,3
P2O5
0,11 Ce 219,6
T i 0 2
0,38 La 116,4
a) b)
Sample S1
• (mage file:
Sericiiel OOOS.lcf (m<ig : l.OOOx)
• G: peaks of P, As. Pb
* •
•
it:-
4
Strlcrte
v .
M'l..:
Sericllf
c)
Sample S2
• *nagc file:
Seficite20005-tif (magnificalmn l.20O>i|
• point C: peaks o f P , F c . S e . R b
r.
1 ym
^^^^^^^M
^^9^"
Svrkll
%
,J *i
1 /
^y 1
SI
^
Sample S1
• image file:
Scricito10005.tif (inag.. 6.000X)
d)
Sample S2
• image file:
Sericiie2000a.tif (magnlficalian, l.ODOx)
P, Se, Sr l a
<3irTMIflf 10 point C Of irnsge S«[icil«20CO5I
3 « < b c t l « y . H
^ • * ' =</ 1
Snictt*
- * • ^ " ^ Quartz
# ' ^ ^ '
^ •
S9I.
Sukar
LJL
H.5. Anh phan tich miu sencit viing Ha Tfnh tren TEM
CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 - 2 0 1 0
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE M O
Trong Bang 1 gidi thieu k i t qua phan tich microzon dgn khoang serieit trong quang serieit Ha TTnh tren may CAMEBAY. Nhin chung cac khoang vat sencit trong quang serieit Ha TTnh cd c i u triie tuang ddi ddng nhIt va cd dd tinh khiet cao.
Ham lugng ciia cac thanh phan hoa hgc chinh nhu Si02, AI2O3 va K2O trong dan khoang serieit Ha TTnh d i u ed gia tri x i p xi vdi ham lugng ly thuylt cua khoang serieit. Chi mdt s i it trudng hgp gap nhirng khoang vat serieit cd ham lugng sat trong mang tinh the.
K i t qua phan tich quang p h i Plasma neu trong bang 2 ehi ra cho thay trong quang serieit San Binh cd mdt s i thanh phin kim loai nang vdi ham lugng rIt nhd nhu As>38 ppm va Pb>50 ppm. Tuy nhien so vdi cac san pham thuang mai ciia bdt khoang serieit diing trong hda my pham (As<3, Pb<10) thi v i n kha cao.
Bing phuang phap phan tich hiln vi dien tir truyin qua da phat hien duge cac thanh phin kim loai nang As va Pb t i n tai trong eae khoang vat nhu apatit [Ca5(P04)3], khoang oxit s i t hoac cac hat quang rieng re khac d dang dung dieh dae (xem hinh H.5).
Ket luan
Khoang vat serieit trong md San Binh, Ha TTnh cd do tinh khilt cao, tdn tai dudi dang vi hat an tinh nam xen ke, xam tan rat mjn vdi nhau, kich thude hat [(y \Am tdi vai tram nm dang vi vay gan k i t vdi nhau bdi tro niii lira bj bien ddi. Do vay viee xac dinh dang tdn tai eua vi lugng cac tap chit cd hai kim loai nang As va Pb... rIt khd khan.
Bing phuang phap kinh h i l n vi dien tir truyin qua tich hgp he thing phan tich nguyen t l bing nang lugng tan xa tia x da xac djnh cac tap c h i t cd hai kim loai nang As, Pb n I m trong cac hat khoang vat khac rieng re nhu apatit, hematit, manhetit hoae cac hat lien k i t dung djch dae vdi kich thudc hat rIt mjn tdi kich thude nm.
Hien tai cdng tae nghien ciru, xac djnh cdng nghe c h i biln phii hgp n h i m nang cao c h i t lugng san p h l m serieit Ha TTnh dap irng tieu ehuan nguyen lieu eho eae nganh cdng nghiep san, polyme va hda my p h l m dang duge t i l n hanh tai Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu thude Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam.C!l
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Van Hanh, Dao Duy Anh va nnk (2009). Nghien ciru thanh phin vat chit quang serieit San Binh, Ha TTnh. Bao cao chuyen d l , Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu-VJen Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam 9-2009.
2. Zhang, M., Wang, L., HJraJ, S., Redfern, S.A.T., and Salje, E.K.H. (2005). www.
MJndat.org/min-9252html.
3. Serieit, Application in Rubber, Plastic, Ceramic, contructional material, fine chemical and cosmetic Industry. Chuzhou Grea Minerals Co.LTD. http://www.Chinagrea.eom
4. http://v\Aww.mineral-makeup-reviews.com.
Ngudi bien tap: Tran Van Trach
i SUMMARY Sericite is the nonmetal mineral. It is using j largely in industry and has high economy
efficiency. The Son Binh, Ha TTnh sericite mine recently has founded. The mine has i the big mineral recourses. Using the TEM- , EDX method, the study group had estimated j some heavy metal As, Pb... in some
! different ores.
NGHIEN CUtJ MO RONG...
(Xem tiep trang 18) 4. Ket luan va kien nghj
Md than Nam Mau-Cdng ty TNHH mdt thanh vien than Udng Bi cd truT lUdng Idn da dUde tham do ty mi, eae via than da dUde khdng che bang cac cdng trinh tham dd va khai thae. Than d day cd chat lu'dng td't, la nguyen lieu eho nhieu nganh cdng nghiep trong nude va xuat khau. Md Nam Mau cd d i l u kien rat thuan Idi v l giao thdng, cung cap dien nUde, sira chifa thiet bj, cung irng vat tu...
ddng thdi cd ddi ngu cdng nhan lanh nghe va cd sd ha t i n g kha hoan ehmh ti/ khau khai thae den van tai, sang tuyen, kho bai, ndi an d, lam viec.
Viec dau tu' mdi phan gieng cd khdi lUdng dau tu' Idn ma chii yeu la cac cdng trinh trong ham Id. De dat dUde cdng s u i t thiet ke du kiln:
'> Dua vao sir dung td hdp dao Id nhanh, chdng Id bang vi neo be tdng phun.
<' Khau than trong Id ehd bang may com bai vdi dan chdng thuy li/c.
••• Bang taJ hoa van chuyen than ti/ chan Id ehd len mat bang va ve nha may tuyen.
Nhirng cdng nghe tren van cdn mdi me vdi nganh than Viet Nam do dd ti/ khau thiet k l den thi cdng va van hanh may mdc thiet bi can ed sii giiip dd va hdp tae ciia chuyen gia trong thdi gian dau (Xem tiep trang 26)
CONG NGHIEP MO SO 2 - 2 0 1 0
