TAP CHJ CUNG THlTdNS
NGHIEN ClfU THIET KE TAO DANG VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN SAN PHAM DEN CAY TRANG TRI NOT THAT
MO PHONG TlJ LOAI StfA
• N G U Y I N ANH TUAN
TOM TAT:
Hidn nay, vide nghidn cffu ffng dung thien nhidn trong thie't kd' tao dang giup chiing ta tie'p can mgt each dd dang vdi cac xu hffdng nghd thuat va tham my hien dai trdn the'gidi. Qua vide phan tieh md phdng thien nhien va dtfa trdn quy trinh thie't ke' tao dang san pham, bai vid't tap trung nghidn cffu thid't kd' san pham den eay trang tri ndi thS't tff md phong loai sffa, tao san ph£m co tinh tha'm my, gdn gui va phu hdp vdi thffc id' hidn nay, ddng thdi de xuS't giai phap phat iri^n s^n pham nay.
Tiif I<h6a: Thid't kd', xu htfdng bidn dai, den cay trang tri, md phong thien nhidn, \oki sffa.
1. Md dau
Den eay trang tri la mdt san pham sff dung nhidu trong trang tri ngi that, dae biel trong cac khdng gian ngi that phdng khach, phdng ngii. Den ed ban bao gdm 3 phan chinh, gom: dd' den, than den va chao den. Nguyen ly thSp sang hien nay: cd ban dung dien. Cdng nang chinh ciia den la tao hinh trang tri ngay ca kht khdng thap sang. Anh sang khi dtfdc bat len chii ye'u de tang hidu qua trang tri, muc dich khdng hoan toan de chid'u sang. Hidn nay lai eae hd Ihd'ng sidu thi, cffa hang ban le, eatalouges, he thd'ng ban hang tren mang. Den cay trang tri ngi that rat phong phu, da dang ve ehiing loai va mSu ma, tao cho ngtfdi lieu diing nhidu ltfa chon. Tuy nhidn, cac mau den van khdng thoat khdi Id'i mdn cua kieu dang va vat Ueu truyen thd'ng, mgt vai kieu dang mdi dffng lai d phong each thie't kd' sao chep ihidn nhien, thie't kd' khdng de lai nhieu da'u a'n'. Qua phan tich md phdng thidn nhidn eung nhtf xay dffng quy trinh thid't kd'lao dang san pham Iff md phdng thidn nhidn, viec nghidn cffu thie't ke'
san pham den cay trang tri ndi thS't tff md phong Ioai sffa la y tffdng cd the thtfc hidn dtfdc trong thifc te' va dem lai san pham cd tinh tham my, gan giii, gdp phan phong phii hdn ve san pham chuyen mon trong nganh thiet kd' tao dang.
2. Dac tinh va cac liTng dung cua loai siia:
Sffa ed ten ggi bang tie'ng Anh la Jellyfish.
Theo Bach khoa toan thff md Wikipedia: Siiala mdt loai nhuyen the, than mem, sdng d mdi Infcfng nffde, ihuge Idp ddng vat, nganh rudt khoang (ten khoa hge Cnidaria). Sffa cd hang tram loai, sila bdi va ndi len gan mat nffdc dieo phffdng thang dffng, ddi khi cung bdi theo phffdng hdi ehd'eh ngang va ndi lap Id. Phan ldn ed thd cd dang hlnh chuong dffde hinh tha nh tff chat lidu nhff thach ddng khdng ma u, trong sudt do cd tdi 98% la nffdc, khi gap anh sang khue xa thl mau sac ciia sffa trd ndn lung hnh nhff anh den neon, vd ciing da dangva phong phu.
Tff mep than hinh chuong, nhffng sdi rau hoac stic lu budng dai trong nffdc bien, trong khi mieng siia nam d trung lam cd the'^.
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Trffdc day, ngffdi ta ehi bid't tdi sffa nhff loai vat khdng than thien vdi nhffng du khach thich tSm bien, nhtfng trong thtfc te', sffa la loai vat ed ra't nhieu Idi ich, nhff: lam thudc phdng va chffa mgt I so bdnh, sffa cd ihe dffde dung lam eac mdn an ngon va bo dtfdng. Nhffng ffng dung tff sffa gid day phat trien sang ca cac ITnh vtfc my thuat va thid'l ke md phdng... Vi du nhff ffng dung trong thdi trang va nghd thuat trang tri cd kieu tde thie'u nff la'y cam hffng tff hlnh dang loai sffa, hoae mdt eanh ddng lua mi dffdc cat tia trang tri hlnh loai sffa rat an tffdng.
Dac bidt, trong thie't ke mo phdng ed nhieu san pham dffde ra ddi, nhff:
Ban phim sffa bien: Mong, deo, trong sud't va phat sang dm nhe, ban phim Flexible diing vdi tinh cha't nhuyen the nhff mdt loai sffa bien. Dffdc lam t bang silicon, ban phim nay mem deo de'n mffc cd
!' thd cugn lai dffde.
AirJelly: La mdt robot bay md phdng hlnh dang va hoat ddng eiia sffa bien. Chie'e "AirJelly" bay i trdn khdng trung vdi dd chinh xac va uydn chuyen khac thtfdng. AirJelly md phong eff ddng cua Ioai i sffa d trong nffde va tuan theo nhffng nguyen tae
tao Itfc d£y ciia ddng viit bien nay^
3. Phan ti'ch, danh gia va xay di/ng muc tieu thid't kd'
a. Phdn tich thdm my
Hidn nay, tren thi trffdng cd rat nhieu mau ma den cay trang tri. Tuy nhieu nhffng van cdn mang tinh truyen thd'ng va chffa da dang, tff do chffa linh hoat khi sap dat trong mgt so' khdng gian ndi tha't khac nhau. Cac kieu dang hien dai chii ye'u tap tmng vao hinh khdi ed ban, hoac md phdng hlnh J dang mdt so' loai thffe vat va sff dung vat lieu: sat, inox, gd, vai thd, nhtfa tdng hdp, thiiy linh md...
Loai sffa ia ddng vat eo hlnh thffe va mau sSc gdi stf lidn tffdng rat nhieu dd'n den eay trang tri. Vdi nhffng dieu kidn da ndu, giai phap md phong cac dac tinh cua loai sffa trong thie't kd' tao dang den c^y trang tri la mgt hffdng di ra't dang quan tam.
Htfdng di nay mang tdi earn xiie gan gui vdi thidn nhidn trong cae khdng gian ndi tha't, tao thdm sff Iffa chgn mdi eho ngtfdi tidu dung.
Vd hinh dang: Sffa la loai ddng vat the nhuyen, song trong mdi trffdng nffdc. Than sffa cd hinh dii hoae hinh chudng, gdi y Hen tffdng tdi phan chao den lung hnh rtfc rd. Nhffng chid'c rau va siie tu trai dai gdi stf lidn iffdng tdi ca'u iriie eua than va de' den eay trang tri gdm nhieu chan nhd.
Ve mau sac: Cac mau sac eiia sffa khdng phai mau vd'n cd cua nd. Day la nhffng mau dffdc tao bdi eac hidu ffng ciia sff khue xa anh sang va dap vao than sffa khi gap ngudn sang. Dffdi cac tae ddng tren, mau sac cua sffa lung Hnh, huyen ao nhff anh sang den led hoae neon.
b. Phdn tich cong ndng
Cdng nang eiia mdt san pham chinh la ly do tdn tai eua san pham dd. Ben canh dd, cdng nang sinh ra chffc nang cua hinh dang. Bdi vay, trong thie't ke' tao dang, luy theo dac thu eua tffng san pham, nhffng cho dii nhff the' nao, edng nang dffdc dat ra nhff mdt yd'u td'quan trong hang dau. Vdi ea'u true den cay trang iri bao gdm 3 phan ed ban:
- Chffc nang eua de' den:
+ Can bang trgng tam, giff cho den dffng vffng vang.
+ Giiip ngffdi sff dung de dang di chuyen va dtfa den tdi eae vi tri.
- Chtfc nang cua than den:
+ Dam bao Hen ke't vffng chac giffa dd' va chao den.
-I- La dffdng dan he thdng didn ng^m eung ca'p nang Iffdng cho bdng den.
+ Tao chieu cao hdp ly eho vj tri chao den.
+ Giup ngffdi sff dung dd dang di chuyen den.
- Chffc nang ciia chao den:
+ Hdi tu, tao hidu ffng anh sang trang tri + Can quang, khdng de anh sang vffdt qua tieu ehuan anh hffdng trffc tid'p vao tam mat ngtfdi sff dung.
c. Dinh hddng, muc tieu thiet ke
Dinh htfdng thid't kd' san pham md phdng thien nhidn phai dat dtfdc cae tidu ehi: van dung dtfdc tfu diem cua mau thidn nhien; cd tinh mdi, dff bao dffde xu hffdng thid't ke' san xua't va phu hdp vdi xu hffdng tidu diing; ed tham my cdng nghidp; phii hdp vdi nhdm dd'i tffdng sff dung; hidu qua ve kinh te' va mdi trffdng ngay ca khi san pham bi thai loai sau sffdung.
Qua cae bffdc nghien effu phan tich ttf lieu cd the nhan tha'y rang giffa con stfa va den cay trang iri cd nhffng dac did'm gdi sff lien tffdng ve hinh dang. Vide md phong loai sffa trong thie't ke' lao dang den se mang de'n cho ngffdi tieu dung cam giac than thidn vdi mdi trffdng, ha'p dan ve thi giac, tid't kidm nang Iffdng. Do do, de dat hieu qua, thie't ke'tao dang den cay trang tri md phdng Ioai sffa se can tuan thii nhffng mue tieu sau:
- Vi mat hinh ddng: BSng kid'n thffe ed sd my
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thuat va tham my edng nghiep, nghidn cffu va each dieu hlnh dang sao eho van giff dffdc cae dae didm hinh dang cua loai sffa d phan than hlnh du hoae hmhchudngchophanehaoden,cactuasuc tu trai dai cho phan than va dd' den.
- Ve cdu true: Giff nguyen ke't ca'u ed ban ciia den eay trang tri (chao; than; dd' den).
- Ve thdm my: The hien dffdc sff uyen chuyen mem mai eua ddng v^t the nhuydn, nhffng khdng VI thd' ma sao chep ttf nhidn. Dffdng net phai dtfdc each didu sao cho tham my, cd ban va phu hdp vdi quy md san xua't cdng nghiep. Chu y khai thac hidu ffng anh sang tff than khi anh sang tda trdn phan than den. Tao cho ngtfdi xem nhtfng trai nghiem va cam xiic thu vi ve hieu ffng anh sang''.
- Ve cong ndng: Dffng vffng chac, dd sff dung, thao lap va di chuyen. Cac tidu chuan ergonomie ve kich thtfdc va ehie'u sang phii hdp vdi ehung loai den cay trang tri ndi tha't (khdng cbii trgng nhieu ve chid'u sang). Cu the la ed eac mffc dieu ehinh cffdng do sang: trong phdng ngu - dtfdi 50 lux;
trong phdng khach va cac khdng gian ttfdng iff - dffdi 100 lux. Khoang each mat da't dd'n dmh chao den < 1800 mm va dd'n day chao den trong khoang 1.300- 1.500 mm.
- Vdt Ueu sdn xud't: Chao den Iam bang thiiy tinh htfu cd md, than va dd' bang hdp kim nhdm, inox. Ngoai ra, ed thd sff dung mdt so vat lieu than thidn mdi irffdng va sSn ed d Viet Nam nhtf: song may va giay bdi ep.
- Nguydn ly chid'u sang: Sff dung didn, chieu sang bang den LED.
4. Thie't kd'my thu3t va thie't ke cdng ngh^
Cd dinh hffdng thid't kd', nha thie't ke mdi mdi dat ra nhidm vu thie't kd', tff do nha thie't kd'b^t tay vao thid't kd' my thugt va thid't ke' cdng nghfi cho san pham. My thuSt va edng nghd cd m6^i lidn quan mat thid't vdi nhau dffa tren mot sif nguyen tac chung, do ia: linh hdp ly, tinh h^i hoa, tinh tdi ffu va tinh dff bao. Tinh hdp ly th^ hien tinh khoa hge eua mgt mau thie't kd'du do la ihi^t ke' edng nghd hay thid't ke' my thuat. Nguyen tac ciia tinh bai hda chinh la nguydn tac thim my:
khdng mdt ban thie't kd' hdp Iy va khoa hgc n^o lai khdng ddi hdi tinh tham my va khdng mdt ban thie't kd' hdp ly va khoa hgc n^o lai khong chiJa difng trong dd linh tham my, nguydn tac td'i tfu Iam ndn linh hieu qua eiia ba't eff ban thid't kenilo eho du dd la mdt ban thid'l kd' my thuat hay mgt ban thid't kd' cdng nghd. Tinh hdp ly va tinh hai hda cung gdp phan tao nen tinh hieu qua ciiam^t ban thie't ke'. Tff dd eho tha'y ngtfdi hoa si thie't ke phai nam vffng dtfdc ca ve my thuat cdng nghd, ddng thdi van dung dffde md'i quan he ciia chiing eho eae san pham sang tao ciia minh. Dieu niiy la bat budc va la yd'u id' hang dau mang lai thanh cdng cho san pha'm my thuat ffng dung. Tif cac nghien effu tren, can lffa chgn mau md phdng, tif dd tfde linh md phdng phae hoa theo cac phifdng an khae nhau. Cu the:
Mdu lUa chgn mo phong
l/dc le va each dieu mdu mo phong de phae hpa y tudng
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Cac phiidng an phae thdo hJa chpn
Tie'p theo, nha thid't kd' pha i dtfa ra dtfdc phae thao eud'i cung, cac hinh anh nghien cffu san pha'm tff cac htfdng nhin khac nhau, ke ea giai phap thao lap va eae ye'u td dd hoa, ban ve thid't kd' cdng nghd va thiet kd' my thuat cd kha nang chuyen giao cho btfdc chd' thff va san xua't. Vdi vide sff dung eac phffdng phap xay dffng dffdng net va hlnh khd'i ed ban kd't hdp vdi cdc thii phap tao hlnh, tao nhip didu va bid'n didu trong phae thao xay dffng 2 phtfdng an md hinh san pham nhff sau:
Trong nganh My thuat ffng dung, mdi loai hlnh thid't kd' nhff thdi trang, ndi tha't, ngoai tha't, dd hoa.. thi can phai am hieu nhffng kien thffe ehuydn mdn khae nhau, nhiftig dac bidt can tie'p can va nam vffng nhffng kid'n thffc ve: khoa hgc cdban (toan hoe, vat ly, boa hoe, sinh hgc, edng nghd vai lieu lien tie'n, xa hdi hgc, tam ly hgc, ttfdng lai hgc...); cac nguyen ly hoal ddng
ciia may mde; eae ffng dung vat lieu; eae ky thuat cdng nghe trong ehe' tao san xua'l; nhan trac hgc, cdng thai hgc ergonomie trong thiet ke', ehe' tao san pham... Vdi nhffng kid'n thffe Hen nganh, ngtfdi thid't kd' xac dinh dtfdc vide phdi thie't ke' sao cho phu hdp, xay dtfng dffde ban ve mang tinh tham my, hidu qua va phu hdp.
Mo hinh san phdm - phUdng an 1
Md hinh san pham - phtfdng dn 2
i ^^^|K^ .^1
5. Mgt so' de xua't phat trid'n san phSm thie't ke
Mgt san pham dffdc bieu hidn ra bdn ngoai nhff the' nao cd the cd tinh quyd't dinh ea d khia eanh thanh edng thffdng mai cung nhtf linh sang tao eua san pham. Theo nguydn tae "nggn hai dang", mdt cdng ly ttf nhan se khdng sSn sang bd mdt khoan
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Ban ve Idch thi/dc va nhdn trdc hpe Ergonomie cua cdc phifdng dn san phdm
^HP^^
tidn Idn vao viec phat tnen cae mau thidt kd ddc dao dd' rdi eac dd'i thii canh tranh ciia mlnh co the ngay lap tffe sff dung midn phi nhffng mlu thid't kd' nay. Dd'i vdi eae thie't ke cdng nghidp md phong Iff thien nhien, hoac xay dffng thie't kd' tff bat ky y ttfdng nao thi cung ed phtfdng thffe thffc hidn de xae dinh rd thie't kd' san pham do'. De dam bao dffdc linh hidu qua eiia kieu dang san pham dtfde thid't ke', can xae dinh tidu chi lidn quan tdi san pha'm:
- Dd'i ttfdng sffdung: Nghien effu dd'i tffdng gian tie'p hoae trffe tie'p sff dung san pham (ve nhu cdu, thi hid'u, tSm ly, cdng thai hgc ergonomie, tffdng lai hgc, xa hgi hge eua dd'i ttfdng trong va'n de sff dung san pha'm)
- Cdng nang: Xac dinh cdng nang thdng qua ban cha't va cdng dung cua vide sff dung san pham.
- Mdi trtfdng sff dung: Xac dinh mdi trtfdng ffng dung san pham va dd'i tffdng sff dung san pham.
- Cdng nghd vat Iidu: Cdng nghe va vat lieu eua tffdng lai dffdc ffng dung trong thid't kd', ehe' tao va sff dung san pha'm.
-Tinh kinh Id' Tinh kinh te'cua kieu dang dtfde thie't kd' khi san pha'm dffde thffdng mai hda, san xua't hang loat vdi quy md edng nghiep trong ttfdng lai.
Vi vay, thie't kd' da dtfdc md phdng can dtfdc hd trd eiia nhieu ddn vi chffc nang cung nhff eae doanh nghidp, cd sd san xua't de ed the trien khai san xua't thff nghidm - day la bffde ra't quan trgng bdi sau khi dtfdc thid't kd'xong mau e^n phai dffde chd' thff. San pha'm dffde ehe' thff se tra i qua 2 giai doan ehinh giai doan thff nha't la san pham dffdc lao hinh md phong bang mdt sd'vat lidu chii ye'u
nhff gia'y, bia, thaeh eao, da't set chuyen dung, cung cdng nghe in 3D, CNC... Md hinh nay se cho tha'y dffdc: kich thffdc, hinh dang, dffdng net.,, quan he ty Id so vdi dd'i tffdng sff dung, quy mo ty le mdt phan so vdi that hoac nhff san pham that, giup nha thie't ke' de hinh dung va chinh sffa. Giai doan hai la giai doan phffc lap hdn, ddi hoi ngtfili thie't kd' hdp chat ehe vdi eae chuydn gia khoa hgc, ky sff edng nghd, vat lidu dd eo the che thii mdt san pha'm that, mlu nay se trai qua kid'm tra cae thdng so' bang cae thi nghidm tren thiel bi kiem tra chuyen dung, sau do dffde ehe thff, difa ra dung thff va trtfng cau y kie'n eiia ngffdi lieu dung, danh gia kha nang dff bao de tid'p tuc di^u ehinh trffde khi dffa ra san xua't hang loat vii thffdng mai hda.
Sau do, can xay dffng chie'n lffde thffdng mai hda, nbSm dffa ra san xua't hang loat vdi quy mo cdng nghidp, bdi vay can phai ed sff hd trd toi da dd' qua trinh thffc hien dat de'n dd hoan hao va dam bao cho stf phat trien san pha'm dat ydu cau ve tinh kinh id', mdi trffdng, cung nhff linh tham my cua san pham.
6. Ke't iu^n
Vide nghidn cffu d trdn da xay dffng md phSng dffdc 2 phffdng an chuyen giao eho khau thiet ke bang hinh phd'i canh 3 chieu; tff do cd the che thiJ, kiem nghiem mau san pham va ffng dung vao ihiJc Id', Che'thff va kiem nghiem mlu san phara la btfiJc quan trgng, bdi san pha'm sau khi irai qua bffdc ke trdn se dffde dffa ra san xuS't, vi vay can phai nghien effu de nd phai dat de'n do hoan hao va dam bao cho sff thanh cdng, tff dd hinh thanh san phani dat yeu eau ve kieu dang va y tffdng •
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TAI L I E U T R I C H D A N :
'Nguyin Anh Tudn (2009) mdo Nhien (8/2011)
'Le Huy Vdn - Trdn Td Thdnh (2006)
•'I. C. de Pauw, E. Karana, and P V. Kandachar (2012)
^NguySn Anh Tudn (2018)
TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O :
1. Nguyin Anh Tudn (2009) - Nghiin cdu thiin nhiin gid tri vd dng dung Irong thie't ke'tao ddng" - Ludn vdn thgc
SI.
2 Nguyen Anh Tudn (2018) - Quy irinh mo phong thien nhien trong thie't ke tao ddng sdn phdm mang tinh dU bdo - Tap chi "Vdn hda nghe thudt" cua Bd Vdn hoa, The thao vd Du hch sd415 (thdng 1/2018).
3. Thdo Nhien (8/2011) - Phong sinh hgc - Mdn qud ky dieu tic thiin nhiin - Sudi ngudn tn thdc.
4. Le Huy Vdn - Trdn Td Thdnh (2006) - Ca sd tgo hinh - Nhd xudt bdn My thugt.
5.1C. de Pauw, E. Karana, and P V Kandachar (2012) — Nature- inspired design strategies insustainable product development. A case-study of student projects - International diesign conference-design, Dubrovnik - Croatia, May 21-24.
Ngay nhan bai: 22/5/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chifa: 1/6/2019 Ngay cha'p nh^n dang bai: 11/6/2019
Thong tm hen he:
ThS. N G U Y I N ANH TUAN
Khoa Tao dang Cdng nghidp, Trffdng Dai hgc My thu$t Cdng nghiep
RESEARCH ON DESIGNING INTERIOR DECORATIVE FLOOR LAMPS BY COPYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF JELLYFISH AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THIS KIND OF LAMPS
• Master, NGUYEN ANH TUAN
Facuity of industrial Design, University of Industrial Fine Art
ABSTRACT:
The biomimicry has helped us to easily access to modem art and aesthetic trends in the world. By analyzing the copy and implementation of natural processes in designs, this article focuses on researching and designing interior decorative floor lamps by copying the characteristics of jellyfish to produce beauty and practical products, and proposes solutions to promote this kind of lamps.
Keywords: Modem design, trends, decorative floor lamp, simulating celestial, jellyfish.
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