Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m d
\ / N G H I E N
ClJfU LlTA CHON TO HOP MAY XUC - OTO HOP LY
KHI KHAI THAC CAC MO LO THIEN DlTdfl tnOC THOAT NU^C TIT CHAY CO DIEU KIEN DIA CHAT PHIJICTAP
7b the open pit mines in general and especially to those having complicated geological conditions, the selection of the proper truck-excavator complex has a great significance in the mine production process. With the proper complex, the productivity will be ensured, the mining costs will be mduced and maximal resource will be exploited by open pit mining method, contributing to the sustainable development of the mines and the sector as well
TS. Ll/U VAN THyC viin Khoa hoc Cdng nghi Md - Vinacomin
Biin tip: TS. Truang D&c Du
gdu phu hgp vdi tdi trgng dtd. cung dg vdn tdi va dilu kidn cua md.
1. Nguyen tac lira chgn
D i i vdi cdc md Ig thien khai thde dydi mCre
thodt nydc ty chay cd d i l u kign dia chit thiiy Ddi vdi mdi dtd dp lyc len n i n dydng Idn nhit van (OCTV) vd dieu kidn dia chit edng trinh khi dyoe c h i t d i y tai theo thdng s i ky thugt (OCCT) phCrc tgp, ddc bigt cdc md cd ting d i t Trong dd. dp lye Idn nhit phdn b i d cdc bdnh ylu, can ddnh gid khd ndng chiu tai cua nd dydi giCra hoac bdnh sau cua xe. Ap lye eiia bdnh xe tdc ddng dp lyc eua thilt bi khai thde (hinh 1).
Kha ndng chju tdi cua cdc Idp d i t dd trong dign
tieh Idm vi^c eiia thilt bj md dygc xdc (^nh {1]; (2)
P.£- (1)
Trong dd; P.- dp lyc tinh todn cua thilt bj len nin. kG/cm2; Pa- khd ndng chiu tai eua n i n , kG/em=; KB- hd s i dy try. Kai = 1.2.
1.1. Lua chpn dtd
tdc ddng len n i n dydng dugc xac djnh [1];
P^=^.kOlcta'
" b.l
Trong dd: qb<- tai trgng cua dtd tdc dgng len lip bdnh sau, kg.
- Khi Pgh < Pa6 tCrc Id sCre chju tai cua nin dit nhd hon dp lyc cua dtd len n i n , khi dd, dydng v$n tai bj lun d i n vd se bj phd huy.
Khi Pgh S: Paa tCrc la SU'C chju tai eua nin delt Cde logi dtd vgn tai thydng ed dp lyc idn nen Idn hon hodc bang vdi dp lyc eua d t i Idn nin, Idn hon so vdi may xuc. Do vgy vdi ede md cd khi dd, dydng vgn tai on djnh khong bj lun duiii ting dit y l u vd OCTV phCfC tap, trong t i hgp tdc dgng cua dtd.
DBTB mdy xiic - dtd, trydc tien lya chon loai dtd cd tdi trgng hop ly d l dam bao qud trinh vgn chuyin trdn md khdng gdy len phd huy nen M y d r > i o d e chlptflgia c i n i n d u t m g t l j p f h l t . ptfcia c i r
Hinh 1 Khai tnrCrng md sit Thach Khi cd diiu kiin die chit phuc tap
KHC^M S6 10/2015 • CNKT LO THIEN
O i l vdi cdo md cd tang d i t y l u vd DCTV phCre tgp, c i n yu tien logi dtd ed P,3 < Pgn nham han c h l t i i da anh hudng d i n hg thong dydng vgn tai. Tuy nhien, vdi cdc md cd san lygng Idn c i n sCr dgng logi dtd ed tai trgng Idn, do vdy. qud trinh khai thde c i n phai gia c i dydng vgn tai trdn nen d i t yeu.
1.2. Lua chQn miy xuc
Khi lya chgn may xuc hgp ly eho cdo md 10 thidn cd dilu kign t y nhien plicrc tgp. ngodi viec dya vdo cdc y l u t i : Lye tdc dgng Idn gdu dO idn d l dam bao xuc dygc d i t dd, qugng vd ndng dygc vdt ligu tdi vj tri do; mdy xuc ed cdc thdng s i ky thugt phii hgp vdi cdc thdng s i cua HTKT;
Ting chi phi cho mgt don vj khii lugng do may thuc hign Id nhd nhlt,vv.. Ngodi eac nguySn tic trdn, mdy xCic phai dam bao lyc tdc ddng nen
n i n phdi nhd hon hodc bang vdi khd ndng chju tai cua nen d i t y l u .
- Kha nang chju tai d i i vdl cdc t i n g dat y l u vd d i l u kign DCTV phCre tap dydi tae ddng eua mdy xuc:
Ap lyc cua may xCie tae ddng len mat d i t dygc xdc dinh [2]:
P.- ^ - . kG/cm- (3) 2.(L+0.35//itB'
Trong do: Px- tai trpng lam vipc cua may xuc, kg; L- khoang edch giO'a 2 tdm cua bdnh xich trudc vd sau, m; H- chieu cao xich, m; B- chilu rpng ban xich, m.
Khd nang chju tai cua nen trong tang dat dong nhit theo tai trpng thdng dung dugc xdc djnh theo cdng thCpo [2]:
P, = 2.5(1+035H\{:.i .8.-/1 ^B^Jii.}'\ ^D._ .C) (4b) Trong do: U, Ba- chilu ddi va chieu rpng cua dipn tich t i l p d i t cua mdy xuc true tilp tdc dgng len nen dit: La= L+ 0,35H, m; Ba= 2B; C- Lyc dinh k i t eua tang d i t y l u , kG/cm^.
Al, Bl, Di- h0 s l khdng thu nguyen dugc xae djnh:
.4, ~i.,.n./, B^ = ig.ng. D, = i^.n^
Trong dd: iy, ig, ic- la cdc hp so anh hucng gdc nghi§ng cua tai trpng, chung phg thupc vdo gia trj cua gdc ma sdt trong (pms vd gdc Ipch doi vci phucng thang dung (6) eua todn bp tai trpng phdn bo d i u len nen; ny, ng, nc- id cdc hp so chju anh hucng eua hudng vudng gdc vci n i n , yi, Yr- la trpng lugng t h i tieh cua d i t n i n tugng i>ng vgi phin dudi vd p h i n tren cua trg d&, t/m^;
ha- chilu sdu cua try dc, m [2]:
T i j cdng thi>c (1) va (4b) xdc dmh dugc [1]:
D i l u kipn (5) dugc dp dgng de danh gia kha nang chju tai eua n i n dat y l u so vdi dp tyc cua mdy xuc.
- Lya chpn dung tich gdu xuc; Vci cac md cd dilu ki$n DCCT vd DCTV phuc tap nhu md Thgch Khe, mdy xuc dugc lua chpn theo tai trpng d td phu hgp vci dilu kipn khai thdc vd san lugng md. Cdc md khi dp dgng cdng nghe khai thac vdi gdc nghieng be edng tae ten, be edng tdc se k i t c l u gdm mpt hodc mpt so nhdm t i n g vd tren moi nhdm t i n g cd t h i bo tri cdc mdy xuc Idm vipc theo mdt so sc d l khiu duoi theo 1 hucng (hinh 2).
* Trueng hgp 1: Tren mdi tang edng tac bo tri 1 may xiic lam viec theo luong xuc dpc (hinh 2a).
Khi mdy xuc tren tang xiic h i t chieu rpng dai khau tucng ung vci khoang cdch djch chuyin ngang cua tuyln cdng tdc trong 1 nam, s l may xuc ed t h i bo tri tren nhdm t i n g thij (i) cua be cdng tdc dugc xdc djnh:
L.
.V^, =—iL. chiec (6) So mdy xuc c i n thilt d l xdc dat dd tren todn be cdng tdc cua md la:
-'^ * /L N, =y^N^, = ^ - ^ . chile (7)
. - : .-: ^Jti
Trong dd: Lu, LKI- tueng ung la chilu ddi trung binh tuyln cdng tdc va chieu ddi bloc mdy xuc cDa nhdm t i n g thu i, m; R- so nhdm tang tren be cdng tdc.
Trong tnj-gng hgp nay s l mdy xuc Idm vipc tren be cong tdc Id nhilu nhit, tucng ung dung ti(^ gdu xdc nhd nhit. S l may xuc tinh theo (7)
c)
.miJiiiuiriiEii'mTiiiii^iiTirj'iTyr
naDTEzaTrunixvuTmnKuimfiix
WJig'ii'armiTHLLLiLiiJuiJLmiBUiimiimjJul uMii'iifj'mLiiroii'ti'jjaifiUHii'iitiia'tiiiiiBnTitiHj Hinh 2: Sa di cdng nghi xuc bic dit di trin bd cdng tic
- m& miy xuc trin 1 ting vi xic duii nhau vCn ludng xuc dpc ting; b- mdi nhdm ting cd 2 miy xOc vdi luing xic dQc ting; c- m& nhdm ting cd 1 miy xOc.
KHCNM S6 10/2015 * CNKT LQ THIEN
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
phdi Idn hen hogc bing so may xuc c i n thilt de hodn thdnh ke hoach bdc dd cua md N'x:
N,^N\ (S)
O = -^^-^—-^—^—^. ni-'.'nam (9) Trong dd: A- sdn lugng khodng sdn hang nam, tan/nam; Vn- khii lueng dat bdc hdng ndm, m^/n; Ksx- he s l bdc sdn xuit, m^/t; Kig- h§
s l su dgng thci gian ca cua mdy xuc; Kxa- he s l xuc diy gdu; Nca- s l ca lam vipc trong ndm, Tca- thdi gian lam viec trong ea, gie; Kai- hp s l anh hucng edng nghp trong qud trinh xCic, Tx- thci gian chu ky xuc, phut
Nhu vgy dung tich gdu xuc di hodn thdnh khii lugng dat bdc cua md, hay mpt nhdm tang nhu sau [1]:
£.= ^^"^^—T-r-'^' ttOa)
* Trudng hp'p 2 Tren moi nhdm ting b l tri 2 mdy xCic lam viec (hinh 2b). t u cdng thuc (10a), d l hodn thdnh khoi lugng d i t dd bdc vdi Nxi = 2. Dung tich gau t i i thieu d n thilt cua may xuc
I xdc dinh:
£,= ^-^I^ . . . ' (II) - 120R.N.^.T,.JC,./C,IC„
2. Dum
P'
' Trudng hap 3: Khi tren m i i nhdm tang bo tri l^mdy xuc lam vigc (Hinh 2e), tCr edng thCrc (10a) J thiy vdi N» = 1, d l hodn thanh san luong I d d bdc, dung tieh gdu eIn thilt dugc xdc
V..T,.K.
60R..\'„.L,.K,..K .K„ (12a) , Trong tnrdng hgp R = 1 tuc la todn bd md chi Irndt nhdm tang, khi dd dung tieh gdu xuc Id n nhit:
KT,JC,
dO.A',^./;,./.-.,. A ' j . / J . , m ' (12b)
V..T,.K, YJX
..-.hat
Vdi moi dieu kign cu thd cd the coi ede gid trj:
Nca, Tra, K«a, Kig, Kai Id khdng d i i vd Tx ed dnh hydng khdng Idn den dung tich gdu xuc. Nhi/
vgy, dung tich gdu xuc chu yeu phu thuge vdo eac y l u td; Vn, R, U, Lw. Do dd, dung tich gdu xuc Id hdm s i phg thudc vdo cac thdng s i tren
E = nV,.,R,L^) (14) Trong dd, dung tich gdu xuc (E) ty Ig thu^n vdi Vn vd Lw, ty Ig nghjch vdi R.
2. Quan hg git>a t h i l t bi xuc bdc - vdn tai Sy phdi hgp nhjp nhdng giO'a thilt bj xuc bic - vdn tdi cd y nghia quan trgng trong qud trinh sdn xuit cua md. D i i vdi may xuc, chi phi san xuit phu thupc vdo nang suit cua chting, tir do, can phai xdc djnh hinh thirc, thilt bi v^n tai v4t6 ehCre dilu hdnh san xudt hgp ly. DBTB mdy xiic - dtd t i i yu phdi ddm bdo qud trinh vgn hdnh tfi hop dgt hidu qua Idn nhdt, phCi hgp vdi dilu ki$n ky thugt, edng nghg, tinh chit co ly cda dit ii va khoang san tCrng md.
- Nang suit ky thudt ciia mdy xCie dygc xdc djnh nhy sau;
a " = ° " ' ' . laifca (15) 1 / .
Trong dd: qo- tai trong dtd, t i n ; ng- s i gdu xuc d i y dtd.
Nang suit thyc te eua mdy xCic dugc xdc djnh nhy sau:
<in.r^.
M = — i s 1— ,-1-7.,
Trong dd; tax- thdi gian dirng cua mdy xCic do su trao ddi cde d td nhan tai d guong xuc, phut
Tir ndng s u i t thyc te (15) vd ndng suit ky thudt (16), xdc dinh he s i sir dgng mdy xCictheo dieu kien van tai nhy sau;
I
Do dd, d i i vdi moi md dung tieh gdu xuc hop phai nam trong gidi han [1];KHCNM S 6 10/2015 * CNKT LO THIEN -
^ „ = -
(18)Trong dd: tc, tdt, tm- tuong irng Id thdi gian chay tren dydng tCr gyong xuc den vj tri dd tdi va ngygc lai, thdi gian d d tai va thdi gian ma no cua dtd, phut , _ H i i : „ « ,
V
Khi dd xdc djnh dyoe he sd sir dung dtd;
uoz
(21) UOZ a.r,-g.
Cde chCrng minh tren cho thay quan he giO'a dung tich gdu xuc va tai trong d td cd dnh hydng Cdng thi>c (18) cho phep xdc iflnh m i i quan hg giO'a loai dat dd (khodng san) vd tai trgng eua dtd, dilu kien nhdn tai vd trgng thai eua gyong xuc cd dnh hudng ddn nang suit hay he s i s y dung mdy xuc.
- Ddi vdi dtd, nang suit cua nd phg thudc so d i cdng nghg phii hop vdi may xuc, loai mdy xuc siJ dung, eung do van tai, v.v.. Ndng suit eua d td trong td hyp dugc ddnh gid thdng qua he s i SU' dgng (Ka»), nd dugc xdc djnh theo thdi gian ehu ky van tai (To) vd thdi gian chit tdi day dtd (ta) nhy sau [1]:
Km=^^^^ (19) Thay cde gid trj vdo edng thirc (19) ta cd hg s i K«a theo dieu kign chit tai;
K,.,=^ ^ 2 - ^ ^ (20)
d i n hg s i sir dung ciia mdi thidt bi trong to hgp.
DBTB may xuc - d td hgp ly khi he sd su" dung cua timg thilt bi trong td hop phai Idn nhit. Do vdy nang suit eua t i hop dat duoc tdi uu khi;
K„ =K,„ (22) Do dd, quan he giij-a dung tich gdu xuc vdi tai trong cua vd cung do van tai dugc xdc dinh [1]:
1201 V ^t.
(23)
Quan he gi&a he so su dung otd (Kaa) vd hp so su dung may xuc (Kmx) phu thudc vdo cung dp vdn tai vd tai trpng 6 td (hinh 3 vd 4).
3. Lu>a chon td hp'p t h i l t bj xuC - bdc van tai hgp ly
Nang suit cua dtd trong to hgp thilt bj xuc bdc - van tai dugc xdc d|nh qua cdc thong so:
- Thai gian chu ky cua otd:
To= txa + tdt + tc +tm, phut (24) Trong do: txa, tdi, tc, tm- tuong ung Id thdi gian xuc day otd, thci gian dd tai tdt = 1 phut, thci gian chay, thci gian ma ne cua dtd, phut.
- Thdri gian chat day otd: Us = Tx.ng, phut (25) - Ndng suit nam cua s l oto trong danh sach dugc xdc djnh:
Q,=- Y.K.
. m-Vnam (26)
Trong do: Nng- so ngdy Idm viec trong nam, Kdx- he so su dyng dodn xe.
.K^to- K i m
0-601 , , , . , . . . , . . 1.5 2.5 3.3 4.; 3.: 6.3 / Hinh 3 Bd thi quan hi giira hi s6 KM va Km* vdi E
(Tnrdng hop L- 3,Skm: 1+8- hi si Koto: 1'*8'- hi s6 Km. (ycmg Ong vdi q<,= IB: 20: 27, 32:36, 40, 45,
55 tin)
1 2 3 4 J 6 Hinh 4: Bd thj quan hi giira hesOKatb va Kmx vdi L
(Khi qo = 40 tin: 1-he so Km: 2+5- hi so Km, tuang Ong khi E = 3,0: 3,5; 4,0: 5,0 m')
KHCNM s d 10/2015 * CNKT LO THIEN
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
- S i dtd eIn de van chuyen khdi lugng md: sri.:ss iVj=-!-: chiec (27) V .
Khi lya chgn dung tieh gdu xuc phu hop vol tai trgng dtd va cung do van tai, se giam khii lugng vdn tdi hdng nam ciia md. Mire dg hop ly eua cdc t i hop xuc bic - van tai dygc ddnh gid thdng qua cudng do Idm vide eua mdy xuc vd cudng dg Idm vigc cua cde d t i . Cudng do Idm vige cua cdc thilt bj dygc xdc djnh tren eo sd thdi gian ede mdy xiic chit d i y len cde d td va thdi gian chu ky ciia d td, thdng qua he s i [1]:
V I
Ku = '-^^^ (28)
Trong dd: Kw- he s l ddnh gid cucng dp lam vi$c cua t l hgp mdy xuc - dtd; Nx- s l may xuc c i n thilt dap ung nhu c l u sdn lugng mo, chile.
- Khi Khi = 1 cho thay sg phoi hgp giua cac dtd vd mdy xuc trong t l hgp DBTB la toi uu:
Dung tich gdu xuc phu hgp vdi tdi trpng otd, so lugng d td eIn thilt trong t l hgp va cung 66 van tai. Trudng hgp ndy tong thci gian mdy xuc chat tai len cde dtd bing thci gian chu ky cua 1 dtd trong t l hgp.
- Khi Khi > 1 cho thiy cueng dp Idm vipc cua mdy xuc cao. cdn dtd thip. Trueng hgp ndy so dtd trong t l hgp nhilu hen yeu eau, hoac dung tich gdu xuc nhd khdng tucng i>ng vei tai trpng dtd vd cung dp vgn tdi
- Khi Kw < 1 cho thiy cudng dp Idm vipc cua mdy xuc thap, cucng dp Idm vipc eua cdc dtd cao. Trudng hgp nay may xuc cd dung tich gdu len hen cin thiit so vei tai trpng cua d td hogc s l d td trong to hgp it hen yeu cau.
Tu cdc kit qua phan tich tren cho thay dung tich gdu xuc hgp ly doi vei mdi md phdi thda man dilu ki$n [1]:
60jyf,,j„.i:^A'A- 60-.Y„T A' Ji:„.A„
-•I
l-linh 5: Chuang trinh phin mim tinh tdi uu hda thiit bi may xuc -6 to
Nhu vay, dung tich gau xuc va to hep thiet bi xuc b6c - van tai cua moi mo dugc coi la toi u'u khi thda mdn dilu kipn (29). Oe xdc djnh t l hpp thilt bj xuc boc - vgn tai hgp 1]^ theo (29) du'pc thgc hipn bdi chuong trinh phan mem may tinh nhu Hinh 5.
4. K i t lugn
Doi vei moi md lp thign ndi chung, cac mo IQ thien cd dieu ki$n dja c h i t phuc tgp khai thac dudi miJc thodt nudc t g chay ndi rieng, d l khai thde hipu qua nguIn tdi nguyen huu hgn nhu- than, qudng sit, v.v...can phdi Iga chpn t l hp'p DBTB mdy xuc - d td hgp \^ phCi hgp vdi dilu kien khai thde cua tung mo. Dgc bipt cdc mo c6 DCTV phLPC tgp vd nen dat yeu c i n lya chpn c^c thilt bl khai thdc cd lgc tdc dpng nen nin nho, uu tien lua chpn logi thiet bj ed dp lgc nin nho hen hogc bang kha ndng chju tdi cua nin dkt y l u . Mgt khdc, eIn tuan thu nguyen t i c Iga chpn tai trpng 6 td tRfcc sau dd Iga chpn may xuic sau,
Tii li$u tham khao:
1, Luu Van Thgc (2014), Nghien cOy cing nghe khai thic cac mo quing sat /d thien dudi muv thoit nuoc tu chay trong dieu ki$n djra chi' vi dja chat thuy van phuc t^p a Viet Nam. Lu$n dn Tien sT ky thuat, Tnjcng Dai hpe Md-Dja ch^t.
2. TiinpopyAa (1986). TexHUKO-SKOHOMU^e- CKoe o6ocHoeaHue u,enecoo6pa3Hocmu cmpou- menbcmea, Mecmopo)KdeHue Txanxe aauiuma Hapbepa nodaeMHbix eod, TOM 3, KHwra 3, Jle- HMHrpaA-
] • KHCNM Srt 10/20! 5 * C > K T L 0 THIEN
