NGHIEN Ctru THl/C TifeN TAI TOA AN NHAN DAN HUYEN

NHU^JG VI PHAM, SAI LAM VE CHtTNG MINH TRONG XET Xtf SO THAM VU A N HINH SlT - NGHIEN Ctru THl/C TifeN TAI TOA A N NHAN DAN

HUYEN HOAl Dtrc, THANH PHO HA NOI

NGUYEN SINH THANH ^^'

Tom tat: Bai nghien cUu lam sang to nhiing vS^n di ly luan ve chiing minh trong Td tung hinh sif noi chung va chiing minh trong giai doan xet x^ vu an hinh sii noi rieng. Gop phan hoan thien he tho'ng ly lu$n vi chiing minh trong giai doan xet x(5 vu an hinh sil, han chi nhiing sai sot cua hoat dpng nay. Lam ro cd sd khoa hgc, can cU phap ly cua chiing minh trong giai doan xet xi( vu an hinh sii. Tren cd sd do lien he vdi thilc tien xet x^ cac vu an hinh sif tren dia ban huyen Hoai Diic, thanh pho' Ha Npi de chi ra nhiing nguyen nhan, thieu sot da mic phai. Tit do, dila ra nhilng giai phap mang tinh kha thi nh&m nang cao chSi lifdng chUng minh cua cac cd quan tiin hanh to'tung va ngiidi tiin hanh td'tung trong giai doan xet xvt sd tham vu an hinh sif.

Tit khoa: Chiing minh; sai lam ve chiing mmh, xetxitsdtham vu an hinh sil.

Abstract: The article clarified theoretical issues related to evidence in criminal procedure and evidence m criminal courts. The scientific and legal foundations of evidence in criminal courts were examined to create a theoretical framework of evidence in criminal courts. A Geld study was conducted with real criminal cases in Hoai Due district, Hanoi to point out shortcomings of current evidence usage and their causes. Plausible interventions were proposed to improve the quality of evidence offered by prosecutors and prosecution in the trial court of criminal cases.

Keywords: Evidence; violation; trial court of criminal case.

Ngay nhan bai: 12/01/2020; Ngay siia bai: 12/02/2020; Ngay duyet dang bai: 27/02/2020.

1. D a t v a n de cua Nha nflde, quyen va ldi ich hdp phap Chflng minh la mdt qua trinh phflc tap, eiia cd quan, td chflc, va ca nhan. Tai xuyen sud't ca qud trinh giai quyet vu an, phien tda cd sfl tham gia dly du eua eac cd vfla mang tinh ly luan, vfla mang tinh quan tid'n hanh td' tung, nhflng ngfldi tie'n thflc t i l n ddng thdi cd tinh quyet dinh hanh td' tung, nhflng ngfldi tham gia td trong xac dinh sfl that khach quan cua vu tung vdi dia vi phap ly dfldc xdc dinh.

an hinh sfl (VAHS). Trong toan bd qua Thdng qua phien tda, blng thu tuc trfle trinh to'tung, ed the ndi chflng minh trong tie'p, cdng khai, qua nghe y kid'n vd de giai doan xet xfl ddng vai trd trung tam, xud't cua cac ben tham gia tdtung, Tda an the hien dly du nhat ban chat cua he (vdi tfl each la ed quan tien hanh td tung thd'ng tfl phap cua Nha nfldc, la giai doan

quye't dinh tinh dflng dan, khach quan

trong vide giai quye't vu dn, bao ve Ipi ich ''* Toa an nhan d§n huyen Hoai Diic;

Email. Snhthanh®yahoo com.

SO 3.2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q

trung tam) tien hanh xac dinh sfl that khach quan eua vu an va ra eac phan quye't giai quyet vu an mpt each dung dan, dly du, khaeh quan, toan dien va dung phap luat.

2. Cd SCf ly l u a n va quy dinh cua p h a p luat ve chiing m i n h t r o n g xet x ^ sd t h a m vu an hinh sfl

2.1. Khai niem ve chiing minh trong xet x^ sd tham vu an hinh sif

Chflng minh trong hoat ddng td' tung hinh sfl (TTHS) la mdt dang cua hoat dpng chflng minh ndi chung. Chflng minh trong TTHS la viee stf dung chflng efl de lam sang td eae tinh tie't eua VAHS. Tren cd sd nhflng qui dinh cua phap luat TTHS Viet Nam va cac van ban phap luat khae hfldng di n ve hoat ddng xet xfl va thfle tiln eua boat dpng xet xfl ed the hieu: Chflng minh trong giai doan xet xt£ VAHS la qua trinh ma cac ed quan tie'n hanh to' tung, ngfldi tie'n hanh td' tung thfle hien boat ddng nhan thflc chan ly ve VAHS thdng qua viec xet xxi va tranh tung cdng khai tai phien tda tren cd sd xem xet dly du, toan dien cac chflng efl. Chflng minh trong giai doan xet xtf la hoat ddng nhan thflc ve VAHS dfldc cac chu the tie'n hanh to' tung thflc hidn nhlm xae dinh chan ly khaeh quan eiia vu an. Nhfl vay, chflng minh trong giai doan xet x\i VAHS la: thu thap, kiem tra, danh gia chflng efl trong giai doan chuan bi xet xii eflng nhfl tai phien tda sd tham thdng qua tranh tung, tranh luan de lam rd dly dii khach quan nhflng va'n de can phai chflng minh trong vu an va ke't qua cua nd la Hdi ddng xet xtf nhan danh Nha nfldc ra ban an, quyet dinh ve vu an.

2.2. Quy dinh ciia Bd luat Td'tung hinh sif nam 2015 ve chiing minh trong xet xvt sfl tham vu an hinh sfl

Bp luat To tung hinh sfl (BLTTHS) nam 2015 cd nhflng diem mdi trong quy dinh vl chflng minh trong xet xtf sd tham VAHS.

Cu thd:

Mdt la, ve nhflng vd'n de phai chflng minh trong VAHS. Nghien cflu quy dinh v l nhflng va'n de phai ehflng minh trong VAHS cho tha'y Dieu 85, BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh nhfl sau: Khi dieu tra, truy td' va xet xtf VAHS, cd quan cd tham quyen tie'n hanh td' tung phai chflng minh: Cd hanh vi pham tdi xay ra hay khdng, thdi gian, dia diem va nhflng tinh tie't khdc cua hanh vi pham tdi; Ai la ngfldi thflc hien hanh vi pham tdi; co ldi hay khdng cd ldi, do cd' y hay vd y; cd nang lflc trach nhiem hinh sfl hay khdng; muc dieh, ddng ed pham tdi;

Nhflng tinh tie't giam nhe, tang nang traeh nhiem hinh sfl cua bi can, hi cao va dac diem ve nhan than eua bi can, bi cao; Tinh cha't va mflc dp thiet hai do hdnh vi pham tdi gay ra; Nguyen nhan va dieu kien pham tdi; Nhflng tinh tiet khac lien quan de'n viec loai trfl trach nhiem hinh sfl, mien trach nhiem hinh sfl, miin hinh phat^^'.

Hai la, vl khai niem ehflng efl. Tai Diiu 86, BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh: Chflng cfl la nhflng gi ed that, dfldc thu thap theo trinh tfl, thii tue do Bd luat nay quy dinh, dfldc dung lam can cfl de xac dinh cd hay khdng cd hanh vi pham tdi, ngfldi thfle hien hanh vi pham tdi va nhflng tinh tiet

'^* Quo'c hoi (2016), Bg luat To tung hinh sil nam 2015, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi.

Q

NHAN LlfC KHOA HOC XA HDI

NGUYEN SINH THANH khac ed y nghia trong viec giai quye't vu

an*^\ Chung ta hay trd lai quy dinh cua Dieu 64, BLTTHS nam 2003: Chflng cfl Id nhflng gi cd that, dfldc thu thap theo trinh tfl, thii tuc do Bp luat nay quy dinh ma CP quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sat va Tda an dung lam can cfl de xac dinh cd hay khdng ed hanh vi pham tdi, ngfldi thfle hien hanh vi pham tdi va nhflng tinh tie't khac cd y nghia trong viec giai quye't dung d i n vu an'^\

Ba la, ve ngudn ehflng efl. Dieu 87, BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh hai va'n de v l ngudn eua ehflng efl nhfl sau: Chflng efl dfldc thu thap, xac dinh tfl cae ngudn:

Vat chflng; Ldi khai, ldi trinh bay; Dfl lieu dien ttf; Ke't luan giam dinh, dinh gia tai. san; Bien ban trong boat ddng khdi to', dieu tra, truy td', xet xtf, thi hanh an; Ke't qua thflc hien uy thac tfl phap va hpp tac qud'c te khdc; Cac tai lieu, do vat khae. Bien ban trong hoat dpng dieu tra, xet xvL va eae tai lieu, do vat khac, thi Khoan 1, Dieu 87, BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh ngudn ehflng efl rdng hdn. Cu the la: Xac dinh khdng nhflng ehi ldi khai ma ca ldi trinh bay eua ba't cfl ai bie't thdng tin ve VAHS deu dfldc eoi la ngudn eiia chflng efl. Dfl lieu dien tli; Ke't luan dinh gia tai san; Bien ban trong boat dpng khdi td', truy to', thi hanh an; Ke't qua thfle hien iiy thac tfl phap va hpp tae qud'c te' khac dflde eoi la ngudn cua ehflng cfl. Khoan 2, Dieu 87 BLTTHS nam 2015 cdn khing dinh:

Nhflng gi cd that nhflng khdng dfldc thu thap theo trinh tfl, thii tuc do Bp luat nay quy dinh thi khdng cd gia tri phap ly va khdng dfldc dung lam can cfl de giai quye't VAHS''*'.

3. Mot so vi pham, sai lam ve chflng minh trong xet x^ stf tham vu an hinh sfl tai Toa an nhan dan huyen Hoal Dijfc, thanh pho Ha Noi va nguyen nhan

Huyen Hoai Dflc la mpt huydn ngoai thanh Ha Npi vdi dien tich 82,67 km^ dan sd' 198.424 ngfldi, day dflpe eoi la mpt trong nhflng ctfa ngd quan trpng eua thu dd Ha Npi vdi nhieu tuye'n giao thdng quan trpng nhfl Dai Id Thang Long, qud'c Id 32, cac true tinh Id 442 va nhiiu dfl an nhfl dflPng vanh dai 4 va cac^khu^dd'^thi'^'.

Do dac thfl dia ly hep, mdt dp ddn cfl ddng va td'c dp do thi hda ngdy mdt nhanh nen tinh hinh cdc vu pham phap hinh sfl cflng gia tang va didn bie'n he't sfle phfle tap, gay khd khan ra't nhiiu eho cdng tac da'u tranh trd'n ap tdi pham cua cdc cP quan tid'n hanh to' tung. Sd' Ifldng cdc dd'i tfldng pham phap hinh sfl, cd tien an, tien sfl ngay mdt nhieu; eac dd'i tfldng pham tdi gdy an, thu doan gay an eung ngay cang tinh vi hdn. Ben canh dd, cung vdi sfl phat trien eua kinh te' xa hdi trong giai doan hdi nhap vdi nin kinh te' qud'e te, ddi sd'ng vat cha't va tinh t h i n cua ngfldi dan ngay mpt nang cao thi nhflng mat tieu efle, nhflng hanh vi lech chuan eung theo dd phat sinh lam gia tang ty le tdi pham.

Trflde tinh hinh dd, trong nhflng nam qua, vdi chflc nang la cP quan xet xtf, Tda an nhan dan (TAND) huyen Hoai Dfle da

*^' Qu6ch6J (2016), B6 luat Totunghinb sil nam 2015, Nxb Chinh tri quo'c gia, Ha Npi.

'^' Quoc hoi (2004), Bp luat Tdtung hinh sU nam 2003, Nxb, Chinh tn quo'c gia, Ha Noi.

'*' Quoc hoi (2016), Bo luat Tdtung hinh sil nam 2015, Nxb. Chmh tri quo'c gia. Ha Noi.

'^' UBND huyen Hoai Diic (2019), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te'xa hgi nam 2019, phifdng hiidng nhiim vu nam 2020, Ha Noi.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdl Q

khac phuc nhOng kho khan, han che de xet xit cac VAHS, dam bao khong bo lot t6i nang cao chSt luong va hieu qua cong tac pham, khong lam oan ngUcil v6 toi.

Bang 1. So lieu cac VAHS da t h u ly va dtfa r a xet xii sd t h a m cua TAND h u y e n Hoai Diic (giai doan 2015 - 2019) Noi

d u n g Thuly Xet xii Tyle

2015 V u an 135 112

Bi cao 178 171 95,7

2016 V u an 150 117

Bi cao 214 210 94,3

2017 V u

an 138 123

Bi cao 242 227 95,3

2018 V u

an 112 127

Bi cao 207 198 97,6

2019 V u

an 99 32

Bi cao 288 278 97,1

T o n g V u

an 634 612

Bi cao 1269 1084 96,5 (Nguon: Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dvtc)

Cung trong giai doan tfl nam 2015 de'n nam 2019, Tda an nhan dan thanh phd' Ha Npi da tie'n hanh xet xtf phflc thim dd'i vdi 222 vu an ma Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dfle da xet x^ sd tham do ed khang cao, khang nghi. Trong dd cd 116 vu tda an c^p phuc tham gifl nguyen ban an cua tda an ea'p sd tham; 77 vu an cd sfl thay

doi trong viec quye't dinh hinh phat (hinh phat nhe hdn so vdi hinh phat do tda sd thim da tuyen an) do qua trinh xet xtf da thu thap them nhflng thdng tin, tai lieu, ehflng efl mdi. Trong thdi gian 05 nam, trong qua trinh xet xtf phuc tham, tda an ca'p phflc t h i m chi ra quye't dinh huy 01 ban an sd tham'^*.

Bang 2. So lieu cac vu a n eua TAND huyen Hoai Dflc xet x ^ sd t h a m CO k h a n g cao, k h a n g nghi (giai doan 2015- 2019)

Ke't qua xet xii phiic tham Yan Stfa an H u y an

Tong

2015 20 15 1 36

2016 28 20 0 48

2017 25 12 0 37

2018 23 20 0 43

2019 20 10 0 30

Tong 116 77 01 194 (Nguon: Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dvtc)

Ben canh dd, trong qua trinh xet xtf, TAND huyen Hoai Dflc van mle phai mot so' sai lam cu the nhfl:

Thii nha't, sai lim ve daub gia ehflng cfl din de'n tra hd sd dieu tra bo sung nhieu iln

Dien hinh nhfl vu viec xay ra tai xa Van Cdn, huyen Hoai Dflc. Theo eao trang, khoang 16g ngay 19/7/2003, dng Dd Dang Chuyen, Sinh nam (SN) 1948 va anh Do

Dang Cua, SN 1977 va Nguydn Cdng Long, SN 1972 eon trai va chau dng Chuyen, dao mdng xay tfldng rdo la'n sang da't vfldn nha dng Quan Dac Hpp, SN 1955, thfldng binh hang 2/4. Hai ben xay

'^' Toa an nhan dan huyen Hoai Diic (2019), Tinh Mnh hoat dpng xet xii va thulyvu an giai doan 2015- 2019, Ha Noi.

Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

NGUYEN SINH THANH ra xd xat khid'n dng Chuydn hi thfldng.

Anh Nguyin Huy Thanh, hp hang vdi gia dinh dng Hpp, da can ngan, diu dng Chuyen v l nha. Trong khi do, Quan Die Thuy, con trai dng Hpp, elm mpt doan tuyp sat vut trung tay anh Cua. Quan Die Quy, em trai Thuy, dung da't nem vao mat anh nay. Bi hai bd chay len phia dfldng xa Van Cdn. Khi anh Cua each nha dng Hpp khoang 15-20m thi hi Quy dud'i kip, elm dao rfla chem mot nhat trung vao tran phia ben phai. Sau dd, anh Cua dfldc dfla di cIp cflu. Nan nhan dfldc xae dinh ton hai 34,16% va ngdy 17/11/2003, Cdng an huydn Hoai Dflc ra quyet dinh khdi to vu an ed' y gay thfldng tieh. Tuy nhien, 14 nam sau, ngay 26/5/2017, vu an dflde dfla ra xet xtf. Tai phien tda sd tham, dai dien Vidn Kiem sat nhan dan huyen Hoai Dflc thfla nhan, vu an bi keo dai do ho sd ed nhiiu mau thuan, phai tra di tra lai nhieu lan. Ldi khai eua hi hai venh nhau vd Cd quan dieu tra khdng thu gifl dfldc hung khi. Vu an nay, cac cP quan to' tung da tra ho sd 22 lan, vdi 4 ban cao trang truy to'hai anh em Quy vd Thuy v l tdi "Cd' y gay thfldng tieh". Sud't qua trinh nay, hai hi cao kdu oan, khdng nhan tdi. Qua vu an nay cho tha'y, viec tda an khdng nghien eflu ky ho sd vu an, kiem tra danh gia ehflng cfl chfla toan dien, ehinh xac, khdng phat hien dflpe nhiing van d l mau thuln cua ehflng cfl dfldc the hien trong ho sd vu an ciia Cd quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sat, dan den viec ra quyd't dinh tra hd sd dieu tra bo sung dd'n 22 lan, keo dai trong 14 nam, gay md't thdi gian, edng sfle, tiln bac, ma't niem tin vao qua trinh xet xfl cua tda an'^'.

Thii hai, sai l i m trong kiem tra, danh gia chflng cfl di n de'n viec thie'u thd'ng nha't trong viec dinh tdi danh.

Dien hinh nhfl vu viee xay ra tai La Phu, Hoai Dflc. Theo cao trang, khoang 20h00 ngay 22/2/2013, Ta Cdng Tie'n, SN 1986 ru Ta Cdng Ta'n, SN 1989 va Trinh Die Hie'u, SN 1994, eflng trfl tai xa Ddng La, huyen Hoai Dfle, Ha Ndi di chdi hdi tai xa La Phfl, huyen Hoai Dflc. Khi sang hdi, Tie'n di mdt minh, cdn Hie'u va TKn di chdi vdi nhau. Din 21h eflng ngay, Td'n gpi dien cho Tie'n bao minh hi danh tai chd La Phfl. Tiln di bp de'n chp La Phfl thi tha'y mat Ta'n bi sflng, cdn Hie'u hi thfldng dang di ca'p cflu. Cflng lflc nay, ed anh Ta Duy Quynh, SN 1983 dang ngdi ud'ng bia d quan ven dfldng da ru Tie'n, Ta'n va Vu Van Thdng, SN 1991 vao ud'ng bia eung.

Tai day, Tie'n thd'y anh Nguyin Van Thflc, SN 1984, la ban ctia Tien dang mau thuln eai nhau vdi nhdm thanh nien de'n ehdi hdi, trong dd cd Bui Chi Manh. Khi Tid'n ehay ra can ngan thi bi nhdm cua Manh gay sfl, ddi danh Tie'n. Do btfc tfle, Tie'n chay vao quan nfldc d ven dfldng, Id'y mdt chai bia ehay den chd Manh dang dflng roi danh vdo diu Manh. Sau dd, Tie'n di ve nha. Khi den nga ba xdm Dde Lap, xa La Phu, Tien nhin tha'y Le Tien Manh, SN 1992, tru tai xa Dpi Can, huyen Ydn Sdn, tinh Tuyen Quang, di xe may chd chi Nguyin Thu Hlng, SN 1994 di ngflde ehilu. Tie'n nhan ra Manh la ngfldi trong nhdm mau thuln vdi Tie'n tai chp La Phfl nen Tie'n nhay xud'ng, dflng tuyp s i t danh vao vai Manh. Chi Hlng eung hi mdt dd'i tfldng khae di cflng Tie'n danh gay thfldng tieh d ban tay. Ke't qua giam dinh ty le ton hai sfle khde cua cac nan nhan nhfl sau:

Bfli Chi Manh 4%; La Van Cao 5,9%; Ld

*" Toa an n h a n dan huyen Hoai Diic (2017), Tong hdp ban an nam 2017, Ha Noi.

Sd 3-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q

Tien Manh 4% va Hoang Van Thiep 2%.

Cdn chi Nguyen Thu Hang tfl chd'i giam dinh thfldng tat.

Cae bi hai sau dd da cd ddn rut yeu elu khdi to', mien truy cflu trach nhiem hinh sfl dd'i vdi Ta Cdng Tie'n va cae dd'i tfldng trong vu an nen Cd quan CSDT Cdng an huyen Hoai Dflc da dinh chi dieu tra va ra quyd't dinh xtf phat hanh ehinh dd'i vdi bi can Tie'n. Song, de'n ngay 30/10/2015, Cd quan CSDT Cdng huyen Hoai Dflc ba't ngd lai ra quye't dinh khdi to' bi can dd'i vdi Ta Cdng Tie'n vl tdi "Gay rd'i trdt tfl edng cdng". Ngay 24/5/2013 Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dflc da md phien tda sd tham xet xfl bi cao Ta Cdng Tie'n ve tdi "Gay rd'i trat tfl cdng cdng". Tuy nhien, qua trinh xet xtf, nhan tha'y cdn nhiiu vd'n de chfla dflde lam rd, cac ehflng efl edn thie'u, vi vay Tda an nhdn dan huyen Hoai Dflc da ra quye't dinh tam dinh chi vu an, yeu eau dieu tra bd' sung'^'.

Qua vu an tren ed the thay, qua trinh kiem tra, danh gia chflng cfl ed trong ho sd vu an ehfla dfldc Tda an huyen Hoai Dflc nghien cflu mdt each ky Ifldng, ti mi. Viec quye't dinh dfla vu an ra xet xtf khi cd nhiiu tai lieu ehflng cfl chfla dflpc lam ro, eIn phai dieu tra bo sung ddn de'n viee vu an hi dinh ehi, thdi gian giai quye't vu an bi keo dai. Trong trfldng hpp nay, khi thay doi tdi danh cua Tie'n, Tda an nhdn dan huyen Hoai Dfle can yeu clu Cd quan diiu tra can phai tie'n hanh dieu tra, bo sung them tdi heu, can efl de ehflng minh Tie'n ed pham tdi "Gay rd'i trat tfl cdng edng" hay khdng.

Tuy nhien, Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dflc lai stf dung toan bd hd sd trflde dd dung de khdi to' vu an dd'i vdi Tie'n vl tdi

"Cd' y gay thfldng tieh", ma khdng bo sung them ba't ky can efl, vat ehflng hay ldi khai

nao cua cac nhan ehflng, ngfldi ed quyIn ldi, nghia vu lien quan de chflng minh hanh vi cua Tie'n pham tdi "Gay rd'i trdt tfl edng edng" la khdng thflc sfl chinh xac.

Thfl ba, kidm tra, danh gia sai chflng cfl din dd'n sai lim trong quye't dinh hinh phat.

Dien hinh nhfl vu an xay ra ngay 12/6/2016 tai Dfldng Lidu, Hoai Dflc, Ha Ndi. Khoang 20h ngay 12/6/2016, tai quan game Dung (xa Dflpng Lidu, huyen Hoai Dfle) xay ra mau thuan gifla Nguyen Van Tue, 22 tudi va Vi Dinh Manh, 20 tudi, cflng trfl tai Dfldng Lieu. Qua trinh xd sat, Tue da danh vao ngfldi va dung ban phim may tinh dap nhiiu phat vao diu Manh lam Manh nga xud'ng, ba't tinh. Sau dd, Manh dfldc dfla di e§j) cflu. Theo ke't luan giam dinh, Manh bi thfldng tdn 12% sfle khde. Manh da lam ddn yeu clu khdi td'vu an, khdi td' dd'i vdi Tue. Ngay 21/9/2016, Tda an nhan dan huyen Hoai Dflc md phien tda xet xtf sd tham dd'i vdi Nguyen Van Tue pham tdi Cd' y gay thfldng tieh hoac gay tdn hai cho sfle khoe eiia ngfldi khdc (Diiu 104 BLHS nam 1999, stfa ddi bd sung nam 2009), tuyen an bi cao Tue 30 thang tfl giam do ap dung tinh tie't

"dung hung khi nguy hiem". Sau dd, bi cao Tue da lam ddn khang eao. Ngay 09/3/2017, Tda an nhan dan thanh pho Ha Ndi md phien tda phue tham vu an Nguyin Van Tue pham tdi Co' y gay thfldng tieh hoac gay tdn hai cho sfle khoe eua ngfldi khde, tuyen phat Nguyin Van Tue 24 thang tfl giam. Ban an neu rd, viec tda sd tham ap dung tinh tie't "stf dung hung khi nguy hiem" la khdng cd can ctf.

Qua vu an nay cd the tha'y, viec Tda an

'^' Toa an n h a n dan huyen Hoai Dflc (2013), Tdnghdp ban an nam 2013, Ha Noi.

Q ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

NGUYEN SINH THANH nhan dan huyen Hoai Dflc chfla cd sfl ty

mi, can trpng trong qua trinh kiem tra danh gia chflng efl, tfl dd danh gia tinh ehCt, mflc dp hanh vi eiia ngfldi pham tdi chfla dflng, di n de'n viee quye't dinh hinh phat chfla thflc sfl chmh xac'^'.

Thfl tit, sai lim trong kiem tra, danh gia ehflng efl d i n de'n dinh tdi danh khdng chinh xdc.

Dien hinh nhfl vu viec xay ra ngay 14/5/2017 tai xa Dfldng Lidu, huyen Hoai Dflc. Do cd mau t h u l n tfl trflde nen sau khi di ud'ng rfldu vl, tha'y Nguydn Khac Thanh dang ngdi an mi trflde c^a nha thi Nguyen Vinh Sang den gay sfl va dung chan da vang bat mi tren tay eua Thanh.

Sang tilp tuc xdng vao da'm vao diu Thanh nen Thanh lui lai d m con dao Thai Lan dang de tren kd va ndi "may ma lao vao thi dflng traeh tao". Nghe vay. Sang tie'p tuc xdng dflng tay da'm trflng diu Thanh thi bi Thanh dam mpt nhat trflng vao vung bung. Hau qua Sang hi thfldng ton hai 37% sfle khoe. Ban an sd tham da tuyen phat Nguyen Tie'n Thanh 04 nam tfl v l tdi "Co y gay thfldng tich" theo khoan 3 Dieu 104 BLHS (ap dung Diem d Khoan 1 Diiu 46 BLHS). Sau khi vu an dflde dfla ra xet xfl phflc tham, xet nguyen nhan hi eao Thanh dung dao dam anh Sang la xua't phat tfl viec anh Sang dflng ehan da vang hop cdm bi cao dang an, sau dd lien tuc dung tay ta'n edng bi cao. Khi hi cao cam dao Thai Lan len da eanh bao anh Sang "may ma lao vao thi dflng trach tao"

nhflng anh Sang van tie'p tue xdng vao danh bi cao. Do vay, viec bi cao dflng dao dam anh Sang nhlm mue dich tfl ve, chd'ng tra lai sfl ta'n cdng cua anh Sang.

Tuy nhien hanh vi dung dao Thai Lan dam 02 nhat vao vung bung cua anh Sang

la hanh vi ehd'ng tra vfldt qua mflc cIn thie't so vdi tinh cha't, mfle dp td'n edng eua anh Sang, ddng thdi tai tda xua't hien cac tinh tie't mdi nen Tda phflc thim, Tda an nhdn dan thanh phd' Ha Npi da tuyen huy ban an sd tham, yeu cau dieu tra lai*^"^*.

Nguyen nhan cua nhiing vi pham, sai lim Ben canh nhflng ban che' do quy dinh eua BLTTHS nam 2003 da dflpc BLTTHS nam 2015 stfa doi, bo sung thi nhflng ban ehe, sai lim neu tren xud't phat tfl eac nguyen nhan sau:

Tha nhat, nguyen nhan xuat phat tfl phia nhflng ngfldi cd trach nhidm ehflng minh.

Thflc tien edng tac xet xtf cae VAHS tren dia ban huyen Hodi Dflc eho tha'y, mac du edng tae dao tao, boi dfldng nang cao nang lflc chuyen mdn eho dpi ngu can bd nganh Tda an da dfldc quan tam, tuy nhien vln cd mpt bd phan can bd, cdng ehfle, nhflng ngfldi lam vide trong ed quan tie'n hanh xet xtf tudi ddi cdn tre, it kinh nghiem thflc te', nhieu can bd tre edn ed tam ly lam viec qua loa, dai khai nen phIn nao anh hfldng de'n kha nang danh gia, xem xet cae eac ehflng cfl cd trong hd sd, nghien cflu eae quy dinh cua luat ehfla sau din de'n viec danh gia cae tinh tie't cua vu an cdn ehfla chinh xae, nhlm Iln. Mdt bd phan can bd du ed tham nien, ehuyen mdn vflng nhflng lai bi ye'u td tam ly chi phd'i, trflde nhflng vu an quan trpng van khdng tranh khdi nhflng sai sdt.

Thfl hai, nguyen nhan xua't phat tfl nhflng ngfldi tham gia chflng minh

Tai phien tda sd thIm, nhflng ngfldi tham gia boat ddng chflng minh bao gdm:

'^' Tda an n h a n dan huyen Hoai DCrc (2017), Tong hgp ban an nam 2017, Ha Npi.

' " ' Toa an n h a n dan t h a n h pho Ha Noi (2018), Tong hgp ban an nam 2018, Ha Noi

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q ]

Bi cao, ngfldi bao chfla, ngfldi l a m ehflng, ngfldi cd q u y e n Ipi, n g h i a v u lien q u a n de'n v u an, ngfldi hi h a i , ngfldi bao ve q u y e n Ipi eho eae dfldng sfl... T u y n h i e n , thflc t e ' h i e n n a y , t r i n h dp n h a n thflc p h a p l u a t ndi chung, p h a p l u a t h i n h sfl vd p h a p l u a t T T H S ndi r i e n g e u a ngfldi d a n edn b a n ehe. Cae t r u n g t a m trd giflp p h a p ly eua N h a nflde b o a t dpng ehfla s a u rdng, dac biet la d m i e n n u i va n d n g thdn, do lfle Iflpng m d n g va ye'u. Dieu n a y trfle tie'p a n h hfldng de'n h i e u q u a thflc hien quyen chflng m i n h e u a ngfldi d a n k h i hp t h a m gia to' t u n g . Ngoai ra, ehflng t a ehfla cd mdt ed ehe' p h a p ly h o a n e h i n h dd bao ve ngfldi bi h a i va ngfldi l a m ehflng k h i hp to' gidc h a n h vi p h a m tdi vdi cac cP q u a n chflc n a n g , dieu n a y cflng vdi sfl k e m h i e u bie't c u a ngfldi dan, d a n tdi t i n h t r a n g k h a pho bie'n hien n a y la ngfldi d a n sp bi t r a thfl m a k h d n g d a m td' giac tdi p h a m , gian tie'p bao che cho h a n h vi p h a m tdi, k h d n g hdp tdc vdi cac CP q u a n thflc h i e n to' t u n g (THTT), gay khd k h a n r a t ldn cho b o a t ddng chflng m i n h tdi p h a m . Dd'i vdi dpi n g u ngfldi bdo chfla (ehu ye'u la l u a t sfl), hp la nhflng ngfldi ed hieu bie't c h u y e n s a u v l p h a p l u a t , n l m ro t r i n h tfl, t h u tuc eua p h i e n tda. T u y nhien, do dae thfl cdng viec, hp ludn d u n g hieu bie't va ky n a n g cua m i n h de bao ve t h a n c h u ciia m i n h (bi cao), muc dich e h i n h ciia h p la d a m bao q u y e n ldi eho eac hi cao m a hp t h a m gia bao chfla, vi vay, n h i e u trfldng hpp hp edn t i m each lach l u a t , hfldng d a n cac bi cao t r a ldi t h e o hfldng ed ldi nha't cho minh, vi vay, q u a t r i n h chflng m i n h tai p h i e n tda sd t h a m v a n edn gap ra't n h i e u khd k h a n .

4. K e t l u a n v a k i e ' n n g h i

Thdi gian qua, hoat ddng xet xfl ndi chung, ehflng minh trong giai doan xet xfl

sd t h d m t r e n dia b a n h u y e n Hoai Dflc ndi rieng da t h u dfldc nhiing k i t q u a dang khich le. Ti le dinh ehi, t a m dhih ehi v u an, t r a hd sd dieu t r a bd s u n g giam theo tflng n a m . Tuy n h i e n q u a t r i n h chflng minh trong giai doan xet xii sd t h a m t r e n dia ban h u y e n Hoai Dfle v l n cdn gap phai nhiing khd k h a n nha't dinh, trong do dac biet la khd k h a n trong viee ap d u n g eac quy dinh cua luat, do t r i n h dp dpi n g u can bd, sfl phm hpp thie'u ehat che tfl eae cd q u a n THTT...

Nhflng khd k h a n n a y da a n h hfldng trfle tie'p de'n hieu q u a hoat ddng ehflng minh trong giai doan xet xtf sd t h a m t r e n dia ban huyen. De n a n g cao h i e u qua boat ehflng m i n h trong giai doan xet xii sd t h a m tren dja b a n h u y e n Hoai Dfle, thdi gian tdi, cIn t a p t r u n g lam td't eac giai p h a p nhfl:

Thfl nha't, hfldng d i n t h i h a n h va tap hua'n quy d i n h c u a B L T T H S n a m 2015

BLTTHS n a m 2015 vdi n h i i u stfa ddi, bd sung, t a n g t h e m 154 d i i u l u a t vdi 176 diiu mdi, stfa ddi 317 d i i u , gifl nguyen 17 dieu, b a i bd 26 dieu. T r o n g dd, quy dinh nhiing ndi d u n g q u a n trpng, nhfl: P h a n dinh ro t h a m q u y I n q u a n ly h a n h e h i n h tfl phap;

t a n g q u y I n , t r a e h n h i e m eho Dieu t r a vien, Kiem s a t vien, T h a m phan; Md rdng dien ngfldi t h a m gia to' t u n g ; bd s u n g dien ngfldi t h a m gia td' t u n g , mdt sd' ed q u a n dfldc giao tie'n h d n h mdt sd' h o a t ddng dieu t r a ; Dieu c h i n h k h d i n i e m chflng efl, nguon, t h u thap chflng cfl; xii ly c h a t ehe h d n v l vat chflng..."^' Cd t h e ndi, Bp l u a t h i n h TTHS n a m 2015 r a ddi d a n h da'u mdt bfldc tien q u a n t r p n g t r o n g tfl duy lap p h a p h i n h sfl.

Viec t h a y ddi, bd s u n g mdt sd' quy dinh t r o n g B L T T H S n a m 2015 k h d n g chi de

" " Quo'c hoi (2016), Bp luat to tung hinh stl nam 2015, Ha Noi.

Q l NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HDI

NGUYEN SINH THANH nham phu hdp vdi yeu c^u cua thuc tien

cong tac dau tranh phong, chong toi pham ma con the hi§n tU duy d^i m6i trong chinh sach hinh su ciia Dang va Nha nUdc, phii hop v6i tinh than Nghi quyet so' 49 ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bo Chinh tri ve chie'n lUOc cai each tu phap den nam 2020'"'. ThSi gian t6i, can day manh hoat dong tuyen truyen, pho bien phap luat, dac biet la cac quy dinh cua BLTTHS nam 2015, trong do CO cac quy dinh chiing cii va chiing minh trong TTHS, qua do tao thuan ldi cho cac cd quan THTT, nguSi THTT trong qua trinh ap dung phap luat noi chung, qua trinh chiing minh noi rieng.

Thit hai, tiep tuc hoan thien phap luat ve chiing minh trong xet xii sd tham VAHS. Khoan 1 Dieu 317 BLTTHS 2015 quy dinh chii toa phien toa dieu hanh viec hoi, quye't dinh ngUdi hoi trU6c, hoi sau theo thii til hdp ly nhUng Khoan 2 Dieu 307 lai quy dinh khi xet hoi tiing ngUdi, chii toa phien toa hoi trudc sau do quye't dinh di th^m phan, hoi tham, rfm sat vien, ngudi had chiia, ngitdi bao ve quyen va ldi ich hop phap ciia dUdng sil thuc hien viec hoi. Nhu vay, giiia quy dinh tai Khoan 1 va Khoan 2 da c6 mau thu&n, dieu nay gay ra nhiing ban che nhat dinh trdng qua trinh xet hdi, gay ra sil khong thong nha't trong moi phien toa, d moi dia phUdng khac nhau. Thdi gian tdi, de hoat ddng chiing minh trong giai doan xet xii sd tham dat liieu qua, can hdan thien cac quy dinh ciia phap luat tren mot so' npi dung sau: Bo sung quy dinh ve kiem tra chiing cii thanh mot dieu luat rieng; bo' sung quy dinh ve nhiing van de can chiing minh trong VAHS; c^n nang cad hieu qua hoat dong tranh tung tai phien tda theo hudng de cac bi cad thuc hien quyen khai bao cua minh

s i 3-2020

tai phien tda, thay vi phai khai bao Idii dUdc Hoi dong xet xii hdi; hoan thien quy dinh ciia BLTTHS ve trinh tU, thii tuc xet hdi tai phien tda theo hudng de cho chu toa phien tda toan quyen quyet dinh trong viec thii tu hdi, noi dung hdi tai phien tda.

Tha ba, nang cao chat lUdng tranh tung tai phien tda. De nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng tranh tung tai phien tda, gop phan nang cao hieu qua hoat dong chiing minh trong qua trinh xet xii, can lam td't mdt so' ndi dung sau: can quy dinh va hudng dan thi hanh nguyen tac tranh tung la mot nguyen t^c cd ban cua TTHS; nang cao nhan thiic chd nhiing ngudi tien hanh to' tung ve tam quan trong cila cdng tac tranh tung, tang cUdng trach nhiem dd'i vdi viec chuan hi hd sd trUdc khi tham gia phien tda; xay dung cd che' dam bao cho vide thuc hidn tranh tung tai phien tda.

Thii tli, nang cao nang lUc, trinh do, ky nang cua Tham phan. Hoi tham nhan dan;

Kilm sat vidn. Trong qua trinh chiing minh VAHS, cha't lUdng va hieu qua cua hdat ddng nay phu thudc rat ldn vao cac chii the tie'n hanh to' tung, dac biet la cac Diiu tra vien, Kiem sat vien, Thim phan va Hoi tham cac cSp. D^ nang cao hidu qua ciia hdat ddng chfeig minh trong giai doan dieu tra VAHS, can tie'n hanh cac giai phap nh4m xay dung ddi ngii Die'u tra vien, Kiem sat dii ve sd lUOng, gidi ve" trinh do chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep, cd pham chd't dad diic td't va tinh thin trach nhiem cad. Quan diem chi dad cua Dang ta trong giai doan hien nay va thdi gian tdi la:

"Xay dung ddi ngu can bo, cdng chile ed pham chat, nang lilc la ye'u to' quyet dinh

'•'< Bo Chmh tri (2005), Nghi quyet so 49 ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bp Chinh tri ve chi§h luac cai each tu phap din nam 2020.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q ]

c h a t Ifldng bd m a y N h a nfldc"^^^', ddng thdi D a n g t a eung chi dao trfle t i l p , eu thd ddi hdi p h a i doi mdi, kien t o a n h e thd'ng cae cd q u a n tfl p h a p : "Cung ed' kien t o a n cac cd q u a n tfl p h a p , xay dflng dpi n g u T h d m p h a n , Thfl ky Tda a n cd p h a m ehd't chinh t r i va dao dfle ehi edng vd tfl, cd n g h i e p vu.

vflng v a n g , bao d a m eho bp m a y trong saeh, vflng m a n h la y e u cau bflc thie't t r o n g viec ddi mdi h e thd'ng cac cd q u a n tfl p h a p v a k i e n t o a n dpi n g u c a n bp nganh"'^"*', bdi vay, V K S N D toi cao, TAND tdi cao va eae cd q u a n hflu q u a n can ed ke' hoach dao tao, dao t a o lai va boi dfldng, t a p hua'n (dai b a n , n g l n h a n ) thfldng xuyen cho dpi n g u Kiem s a t vien, T h d m p h a n va Hdi t h a m n h d n d a n cac ca'p ve t r i n h dp c h u y e n mdn, k y n a n g nghiep v u t r o n g boat dpng t r u y to va xet xtf cac VAHS ciing nhfl eae k y n a n g dac thfl, ehuyen s a u t r o n g h o a t ddng chflng m i n h ; thfldng x u y e n cap n h d t cac kie'n thfle p h a p l u a t T T H S , d a n sfl. Day la mdt giai p h a p ea'p baeh e I n t r i e n k h a i va thfle hien k i p thdi de sdm t r a n g hi ky n a n g n g h e nghiep eho dpi n g u Kiem s a t vien, T h a m p h a n va Hpi t h a m n h a n d a n eac ea'p de cd t h e ddp flng dfldc yeu e l u n h i e m v u trflde m a t cung nhfl lau dai.

Tha nam, n a n g cao n a n g lflc, t r i n h dp, ky n a n g eua L u a t sfl va nhflng ngfldi bd trp tfl p h a p . Thdi gian tdi, de n a n g eao hieu q u a boat ddng chflng m i n h ndi chung, ehflng m i n h trong giai doan xet xtf sd t h a m VAHS ndi rieng t h i viee n a n g eao n a n g lflc, t r i n h dp, ky n a n g eua L u a t sfl va nhiing ngfldi bd trd tfl p h a p la mpt viec lam can thiet. Cd t h e t a p t r u n g vao mdt so' ndi d u n g sau: t a n g efldng dpi ngfl L u a t sfl v l so' Ifldng va n a n g cao vai trd, vi t r i cua hp trong qua t r i n h t r a n h tung; day m a n h cac hoat ddng bd trp tfl p h a p khae nhfl: giam dinh p h a p y, giam

dinh t a m t h i n , giam dinh k h o a hpc hinh sfl... ciing ed vai trd q u a n trpng ddi vdi qua t r i n h giai quye't v u an, d a m bao eho cdng tac chflng m i n h trong giai doan xet xtf cac vu a n h i n h sfl; N a n g eao y thflc v a t r a c h nhiem cua mpi ca n h a n t r o n g viec td' giac tdi p h a m , gdp p h I n vao viee bao ve p h a p luat, bao ve eae quyen va ldi ich hdp p h a p ciia N h a nfldc, td chflc va ca n h a n thdng qua vide n a n g eao traeh n h i e m va d a m bao e h i dp t h u lao ciing nhfl eac bien p h a p bao ve eho ngfldi lam ehflng.

TAI L I E U T H A M KHAO

1. N g u y i n V a n D u (2005), "Khai niem chflng cfl t r o n g T T H S : N h i n tfl gdc dp lich sii va l u a t so sanh", Tap chi Nghien cau lap phap, (53).

2. D a n g edng s a n Viet N a m (2005), Nghi quyet so 49-NQ/TW ngay 02/6/2005 cua Bg chfnh tri ve chien lifdc cai each tvt phap di'n nam 2020, H a Ndi.

3. Qudc hdi (2016), Bg luat Td' tung hinh sif nam 2015, Hd Ndi.

4. N g u y i n Hflu Q u y n h va t a p t h e tae gia (1999), Tfl dien Luat hgc, Nxb. Tfl dien Baeh khoa. H a Ndi.

5. Tda a n n h a n d a n h u y e n Hoai Dflc, t h a n h p h d H a Ndi (2015-2019), Bao cao tdng ket cdng tac nam, H a Npi.

6. N g u y i n D u y T h u a n (1998), Qua trinh chang minh trong to' tung hinh sif, nhang van de ly luan va thifc tien, Nxb.

Cdng an n h a n d a n . H a Ndi.

<'^' B6 Chinh tri (2005), Nghi quySt sd' 49 ngky 02/6/2005 cua Bp Chinh tri ve chien liidc cai each tii phap den nam 2020.

"'"' Bo Chinh tri (2005), Nghi quyet ao 49 ngay 02/6/2005 ciia Bp Chinh tri vS chien liidc cai each tii phap den nam 2020.

g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI $03-2020