Bili Dieu Quynh
Nghien cuTu giao due cong dan toan cau cua mpt sd qudc gia Cliau A
Bui Di^u Quynh ViOn Khoa hoc Giao dye Vi^t Nam 101 TrSn Hiing D90, quan HoSn Kiem, H^NOi.Vi^Nam
Email' [email protected]
TOM TAT: Trong qua trinh phit triin tit yiu cua the ki XXI, toin eau hda dang tac ddng manh me dan din din nhieu thay doi trong cudc song con ngudi, ITnh vuc giio due cQng khdng nim ngoai nhQng tac ddng khdng the tranh dugc nay. Nham tao ra nhOng thay doi theo hudng tich cue, ITnh vue giao due cin nghien cUu xie dinh nhOng dac trung eg bin cung nhu inh hudng cua nd. Bii viit dudi dSy la sd luge kit qui nghien cdu ve giio due cdng dan toan ciu trong chUdng trinh giao due phi thdng cua 03 quoc gia trong khu vi/c Chau A la Han Quic, Thai Lan vi Indonesia. Trong dd, tae gii tim rd khai niem "edng din toin ciu" vi "giio due cdng dan toan cau" cung nhu tim quan trgng cda hai vin de nay d giai doan hien nay, tiip din li nhOng ndi dung lien quan din giao due cdng din loan ciu va muc dich giao due cdng dan loan cau cua ba quic gia Chau A. Dga trdn nhdng phan tich ve chuong trinh eua Han Quic, Thii Lan va Indonesia, mgt si khuyin nghi ve giio dgc cdng dan toan ciu trong boi cinh cua Viet Nam duac dUa ra nhu bai hgc kinh nghiem cho dinh hudng giao dgc cdng dan loan cau d nha trudng phi thdng.
lis KHOA: Cong dan toan cau; giao due cdng d&n toan cau; toan cau hoa; chUdng trinh; muc tieu gl^o due.
-> Nhan bili 26/02/2019 • * Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sila 15/4/2019 •» Duyet aang 25/5/2019.
1. 0|lt van de
Ngay 25 thang 9 nam 2015, Lien hgrp quoc da chinh thuc thong qua Chtrcmg trinh (CT) 2030 ve Phdt tri^n Ben vung [1], Muc tieu 4 cua CT nay chi ra rang giao due (GD) khong doti thuan chi la day kien thtic, ren luyen kT nang, ma phai nham phat trien cac pham chat, nang lire cua nguai hpc, GD phai t^o ca hpi de ngucri hpc co ca hpi hpc hoi va trau doi ckc ki n3ng song, nuoi duong cac gia tri va thai do de huong den mpt tuang lai tot hon cho tat ca mpi nguai. Mue tieu 4.7 de c|p den cong dan toan eau (CDTC) "Din ndm 2030, ddm bdo rdng ldi ed ngudi hgc diu cd kien thirc vd kindng cdn thiet de thuc ddy phdt trien bin vimg, bao gdm, thong qua GD vi sg- phdt trien ben vimg vd ldi sdng ben vimg, nhdn quyen, binh ddng gidi, khuyin khieh vdn hod hda binh vd khdng ed bgo dgng, CDTC vd ddnh gid cao su da dgng vdn hod cUng nhu su dong gdp cua van hod ddi vdi phdt triin ben virng [2]. Cac tiep can nay khong chl Hen quan den ban than ngucri hpe, ma con hen quan den ca cpng dgng, xa hpi va toan cau. Vi Ii do nay, GD CDTC se dong vai trd quan trpng trong eac CT GD va duac xem la each tiep c|n CO ban de giai quyet cac thach thiic quy mo toan cau dang gia tang. Bdi viit Id sdn phdm nghien cuu cua Be tdi KH&XHNV cdp Quoe gia thuge "Nghiin eiru ve CDTC Viet Nam", ma si di tdi: KHGD/16-20.DT.009, do TS. Lirong Vift Thdi ldm cha nhi^m.
2. Npi d u n g n g h i g n cuTu 2.1. M^tsdkh^l niem cd b^n 2.1.1. Cong dan loan cau
Khdi niem "CDTC" (global citizenship) bat ngufin tir Hi
Lap eo dai (khoang nghin nam truoc), khi ban den quyen cai tri ciia Vua doi vai than dan thanh pho La Ma, Hi Lap,...
Khi dugc hoi tii dau den, nha triet hpe co Diogenes da tra liji "Tdi la cdng ddn cua the gidr.'Nbk each mmg J. Penno nguai Anh, song tai MT vao the ki XVIII da viet: "Ddt nuac eua ldi Id the gidi. Ddng bdo cua tdi Id nhdn logi". A. Ein- stein ciing nhan manh tai y thiic ciia cong dan doi voi eac van de toan cau: "Chu nghTa vimg mien Id mdt cdn binh du irl Nd Id binh sai cita nhdn logi". Nhiing nha loi lac nay raudn noi tai su rpng ma, mot tam nhin xa trong rpng cho mpt thS giai dai dong, noi bien gioi giiia cac quoe gia duac xoa ma dan.
Ngay nay, khai niem CDTC co npi ham mai va dang duac Sli dung rpng rai trong GD nhu: "CDTC di cap den cam nhdn thugc vi mdt cgng ddng rgng lan vd cd tinh nhdn vdn chung nhdn mgnh mdi lien kit ldn nhau vd suphu thugc lan nhau vi chinh tri, Mnh ti, xd hdi, vd vdn hda giira dfa phuang, quoc gia vd todn edu" (UNESCO, 20\ 5a, 2014a), hay "CDTC Id ngudn am hieu sdu sde vi nhu edu gidi quyet su- bdt edng. bdt binh ddng, vd luon mong mudn. cd khd ndng ldm viee lich cue di gidi quyit vdn di do fOxfam Education) [3].
Tuong tir, Oxfam Education (2015) cho rang, CDTC la ngucri: 1/ Nhgn thue vi thi gidi rgng ldn vd cdy thirc ve vai trd eua minh nhu mdt edng ddn ihi gidi; 2/ Tdn trgng sir da dgng ctia cdc gid in trong cdc nen vdn hda; 3/ Cd hiiu biit vi cdch hogt ddng ciia thi giai; 4/ Cd su dam mi gidi quyit vdn di cdng bdng xa hdi; 5/ Tham gia vdo cgng ddng a nhiiu cdp do, tir dia phuang den todn cdu, 6/ Sdn sdng hdnh dgng cimg nguai khde de ldm cho thi giai tra nen
Sd17thang5/2019 n i
N G H I E N CtfU GlAO DUC NUiJC NGOAI
cdng bdng vd bin virng han; 11 Chiu trdeh nhiim vi hdnh dgng ciia minh.
UNESCO nhan manh dSn viec phu thupc lan nhau v^
chinh tri, xa hpi, van hoa va ket n6i giira dia phuang, qu6c gia va toan cau: 1/ Tdn trgng cdc gid tri con nguai, khdng phdn biit chung toe, giai, tudi tde, tdn gido vd quan diim chinh tri; 2/ Tdn trong sir da dgng vd quan diim da chiiu;
3/ Quy trgng the giai tu nhiin. su sdng cita vgn vgt; 4/ Cd trach nhiim gidi quyet ede thdch thirc todn cdu theo cdeh thuc khdc nhau; 5/ Suy nghT mang tinh todn cdu trong viic xda bd bdi binh ddng vd bdt cdng. Co the thay dang ton tai nhieu each giai thich khae nhau ve y nghTa eiia CDTC. Mpt so eoi CDTC la "cong dan vupt qua bien giai" hay "eong dan da quoc gia", mpt so khac hieu CDTC la "cong dan cua hanh tinh" de nhan manh traeh nhiem ciia epng dong toan eau trong vi?c bao ve hanh tinh chung ta dang song...
2.1.2. Giao due cong dan toan cau
Theo UNESCO (2014b, 2015a) va Oxfam (2015), rauc dieh cua GD CDTC la: Trao quyen cho ngucri hpe tham gia va dam nhan eac vai tro chii dpng, ea cr dia phuang va tren toan cau, dS d6i raat va giai quyet cae thach thiic toan eau va cuoi cung la tro thanh nhiing ngucri dong gop chii dpng vao mpt the giai an toan han,
Khung GD 2030 eiia khoi OECD la khung dupe nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi dp dung, da xem xet bon van de muc tieu ciia GD CDTC la: (1) Tgo ra kiin thiic vd hiiu biit cho the ki XXI; (2) Cde Id ndng, thdi do vdcdcgidlrt hinh thdnh hdnh vi/ edeh ung xir cua con ngudi di ehong lai su phdn biit, bdi cdng trong truang hgc, gia dinh, xa hgi; (3) Tu duy phdn biin; (4) Cde nang luc cot lot cita ngudi hge Id khd ndng huy dgng kiin thirc, kT ndng, thdi do vd gid tri. cimg vdi each tiep can phdn dnh ede qud trinh hgc tap, de tham gia vd hdnh dgng trin thi gidi.
OXFAM eho riing muc tieu GD CDTC la giup nguoi hgc phdt triin kiin thirc, kT ndng vd cdc gid tri cdn cd nhdm ddm bdo mgt the giai bin virng di cdc em phdt triin lodn diin [4].
Nhu vay, co the hieu mye tieu ciia GD CDTC nhdm chudn bi cho ngudi hpc trd thdnh CDTC vdi cac dae tinh tren dk nuoi dudng, phat trien rapt the gidi cdng bang, hda binh va ben vung, xdy dung y thitc phu thupc lan nhau trong mpt epng ddng toan cau, hudng tdi su nhat qudn vd trach nhi?m ehung toan cau de cd cac hanh dpng khong ehi dua tren ma cdn tdn trpng cde gid tri chung ndy.
2.2. Giao due cong dan toan cau d mot sd qudc gia khu VETG Chau A [5]
2.2.1. Han Qudc
GD CDTC da dupe ldng ghep vdo Chudn CT GD CDTC eiia Hdn Quoe. c\i the la \ iio cac ITnh vi^c hpc tap vd dupe the hi?n trong myc lieu, npi dung ciia mdn hpc.
- Trong Miic tiiu eiia nghien cuu xd hgi hgc: Trpng tam eiia mdn \ a hpi hpc la s\r hieu biet ve ljch sii va cac hoai dpng ciia nhan dan Han Qudc dua tren hieu biet ve \'ung
sinh sdng, th\rc trang tu cde khia canh lich su, va cdc m§t bao gdm danh tinh nhu mot ngudi Han Qudc va cac gia trj ciing nhu thdi dp ciia mpt CDTC. Cd th^ thdy. cdc gia trj v4 thdi dp ciia mpt CDTC dugc nhdn mpih ben c^nh danh tinh dan tpc vdi tu each mpt ngudi ddn Han Qudc.
Trong Chudn CT nam 2012 eiia Han Qudc, thu?! ngii
"lanh thd" trong CTGD nam 2009 dugc thay bang thu^t ngii- "vung" va "danh tinh dan tpc nhu mpt ngudi Han Qudc" bdng "danh tinh nhu rapt ngudi Han Qudc". Nguyen nhan ciia nhflng thay ddi nay la vi?c dat trpng tdm vao dinh Vl danh tinh ddn tpc ddn thay ddi khi xa hpi hOi Han Qudc nhanh chdng biin ddi thanh rapt xa hpi da vdn hoa trong giai doan ndm 2000. Ben canh dd, vi^c phat trien GD CDTC ciing dugc ehii trpng, ddc biet la trong tai li?u ciia cac mdn Xa hdi hpc.
- Trong Tdi lifu ede mon xa hgi hgc: Tai li$u cdc mon xa hdi hpc dugc chia thdnh ndi dung Dia li, Xa hpi vd Ljch Sli. Khai niem toan cau hda dugc nghien ciru cy the trong chuyen de/chii de "Chung la trong the gidi lodn cdu hoa vd thdng tin hda" d nhdm ldp 5 - 6 cap Ti6u hpc, muc tieu la giup hpc sinh (HS) "Thdu hiiu dnh hudng eua ede Ihay doi xa hgi nhu thdng tin hda vd loan cdu hda ddi vdi eugc song cua ehiing la vd phdt triin ede phdm ehdt. Ihdi dg nhu mgt CDTC tham gia vd gidi quyil cdc vdn di ciia xa hgt quoc li qua trao ddi vd hgp tde giua ede qude gia". Trong phan nay, toan cau hda dugc coi la rapt trong nhflng thay ddi xd hpi chinh bao gdm thdng tin hda vd tien bp khoa hpc c6ng nghe va dien bi6n toan cau hda trong cac thay ddi ciia dfn song.
Trong CT trung hpc co sd (THCS), toan cau hda dupe thdo luan d cdc noi dung dja li, kinh te, vdn hda vd xd bgi.
Vi du, d ITnh vuc v5n hda, HS se nghien ciru cac xung dpi van hda gdy ra do toan cdu hda duge thdo luan trSn ccr so tdn trpng da dang van hda. 0 ITnh vuc xd hpi, todn eau hda dugc xem nhu mpt thay ddi Idn trong xa hpi hi^n dai. 0 ITnh vyc kinh te, cde tap dodn da qudc gia, bat binh ddng kinh te, ddra bao tinh canh tranh, hgp tac vd canh tranh qudc te va quan he tuang quan la cac ndi dung chinh. CJ ITnh vyc chinh tri, trong khi img phd vdi viec hieu sir khac bi?t ciia xd hpi qude te, su ddng tdn tai ciia xa hpi qudc ti vd cdc xung dpi giua cdc qudc gia, thai dp ehii dpng tham gia gidi quyet cac khd khan dugc coi la rapt tieu chudn ndng lyc chuan myc Cd the thdy, xa hpi qudc te nhdn raanh trong CT ve todn cau hda d cap Tieu hpe, todn cau hda edn dugc nghien cuu tir nhieu khia eanh khdc vdi each tiep cap khoa hpc - xd hpi 6 cdp Trung hpc (xem Bang 1).
a. Ngi dung Uin quan l&i GD da vdn hda
Trong npi dung lien quan tdi GD da vdn hda, sy tdng len tinh da dang va dan tpc thieu so trong xa hpi Hdn Quoc la cdc chii de chinh. Tir ldp 1 den ldp 2. HS hpc giao tiep voi du khdeh qudc te. HS ldp 3-4 hpc rdng cd rdt nhiiu kieu hinh sinh sdng tren the gidi. Cac em hpc ring phdn bi?t doi xii vd dinh kien vdi dan tpc thiiu so Id vi ph^m nhdn quyeo (xera Bdng 2).
112 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUG VIFT NAM
Bill Di^u Quynh
B^ng 1: He thdng linh vifc xa h^i hoc 6 Tieu hpc trong CT 2012 cua Hdn Qudc
Ti^u hpc - Lanh tho Idnh mgnh. • Sii tang tafdng nen kinh te.
{liJp 5-li3p - Lanh thd dong di§u vdi mdi tnJflng. • Chinh quyen dan chii ciia dat 6) - MOi tnJflng vk 161 s6ng ciia cdc nudc.
qudc gia Idng gieng. - Cdc nhidm vu cua xa hqi va - MOi tn/dng vd Idi sdng ciia cdc tien b3 ciia nen van hoa qudc gia tr6n the gidi, - Chiing ta trong xa hpi tOcin
cau hfla va thong tin hoa.
- Khdi dau lich sil cua chiing ta va si/ tien hp.
- Trieu dai Goryeo, vdi cac trao doi vdi the gidi, - Tri^u dai Joseon, vdi nen van hoa phat trien, - Cdc phong trao mdi ciia xa hpi Joseon - Noi ILJC va phong trao thiet lap qudc gia hien dgi, - Phdt trien ciia Han Qudc va chung ta trong the gidi ngdy nay.
Bdng 2: Ndi dung cdc mdn xa hdi hpc Ti^u hpc lidn iTa vdn hda
(* Nguon: Bg GD, Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Hdn Quic (2012, tr.6. tr.38-39))
quan tdi GD Bang 4 : Chifolng trinh T i l u hpc va THCS lien quan tdi phat tri^n bdn vUng
Ldp 1-2 Sdng ki ludt - Odt nudc chting la Ldp 3-4 - NPi sinh sdng
- Oa dang kieu hinh sinh sdng - Thay ddi xa hpi vd cupe sdng cua chiing ta Ldp 5-6 - Cdc nhiem vu cua xa hoi cua chting ta vd phdt trien
vdn hfla
b. Cde ngi dung lien quan ldi GD tri thicc Qude li: Dua vao tdi lieu GD tii lap 1-2 chii yeu trong mang Dia li giiip HS hieu dugc eac ddc tinh dia li va van hoa ciia cac quoc gia trSn the gidi (xem Bang 3).
Bdng 3: Ndi dung CT xa hoi hpc lien quan tdi ndi dung GD tri thiilc qudc td it cSp Tldu hpc
Sdng thdng tiidi - Odt nuflc ta
Ldp 3-4 - Cdc mdt khdc nhau ciia dfli sdng
L()p 5-6 - Cdc mdi trUdng vd khia canh ciia ddi sdng d cdc niidc Idng g l l n g
- Mfli trudng vd dfli sdng cdc qudc gia trgn t h i gidi
c. Cdc ngi dung liin quan tdi phdt triin ben viing: Cac nOi dung lien quan tdi phdt trien ben viing xuat hien trong CT ldp 5-6 Id cdc van de mdi trudng vd nam trong mang Bia li (xem Bdng 4).
2.2.2. Thai Lan
Npi dung GD CDTC ludn dugc dua vdo CT GD dudi chu deCong dan; trong CT GD B.E. 2544 (2001 SCN) vd CT Bdt bupc B.E 2551 (2008 SCN), npi dung nay dugc dua vao xd hpi hpc, tdn gido va van hda. CT quy dinh "ngudi hgc ed tri thuc vd hieu biit ve hi thdng ehinh trf ciia ehinh quyen.
- Phdt trien lanh tho qudc gia lien quan tdi bdo ve mdi Ldp 5-6 trudng
• Cdc nhigm vu ciia xa hpi va phdt t r i i n cac nen van hda Mdng Oja li
- Thdm hpa thiSri nhien va ddi song con ngudi - Su phat trien va sU dung tdi nguyen thien nhien - Cdc van de mdi toJdng vd cac mdi tn/dng b i n viing Ldp 7-9
Mdng Xa hpi chung
- Hoc smh hieu cdc van de xa hfli vd khdm phat thdc trang cung nhu ddc 6\im cua cac van de chinh ciia xa hdi hign dai nhu van ddn sd, lao dong va mdi trUdng
chinh quyin ddn chit cua nhd nudc qudn ehii lap hien, cdc phdm chai va tdm quan trgng eua mdt edng ddn tdt. xa hgi da vdn hda, truyin thong vd vdn hda Thdi Lan, cdc gido trj vd quyin, nhiem vu, lu- do dgt dugc hda binh trong xd hgi Thdi Lan vd edng ddng qudc ti".
BSn canh do, Bd GD Thai Lan da xay dung mpt chinh sach chii chdt ve phat trien cac ndng lue cdt ldi can cd ciia ngudi hpc cho thi ki XXI. Cae nang luc cot ldi nay lien quan tdi dao dire, tu hdo Id ngudi Thai, tu duy phan bi?n, sang tao khi gidi quyet van de, co kT nang ICT, cd khd nang chung sdng hda binh va hpp tac vdi ngudi khac.
GD CDTC qua CT GD hay dao tao giao vien co trpng tam la sy tiin bp ciia ngudi hpc, giiip hp dap iing cac nhu cau toan cdu vd bdt kip cac van de toan cau thdng qua phat tnln kha nang canh tranh va tu hao dan tde, Vi vay, Bp GD da khdi ddng Du an Trudng hpc Tieu chuan thi gidi.
Trudng hpc dat chudn thi gidi d Thai Lan la mpt ngdi trudng giup ngudi hpe eo duge cde tinh cdch edn thiit eho xd hdi todn cdu, theo tdm nhin Tuyen bd GD cho mgi ngudi cda UNESCO Jomtien 1990. Trudng hpc la nai HS hpc cdch biit, lam, chung sing vdi nhau. Dya tren cac tinh each nen cd dugc dinh quy dinh trong CT GD bat bupc cdn bdn, trudng hpc hudng tdi vi?c ddo tao dugc cdc cong ddn todn cdu tiem ndng, Ihdng minh, khde mgnh vi ed ihi chdt ldn tinh thdn qua cdc mue tieu sau; 1/ Ngudi hpc trd thanh cdng dan dii phdm chdt, cd thi sdng nhu mgt cdng dan Thai Lan vui ve trong xa hpi toan cdu mdi cd kl ndng va tiem ndng khoa hoc, cdng ngh? va giao tiip va cd kha ndng cgnh tranh
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N G H I E N C Q U G I A O DUC Mtic NGOAl
vd doe lap cd nhan.Trudng hpc tap trung vdo cde diim khdc bipt trong tiim nang ciia HS va chii trpng nhirng ngudi hpc cho thay sir tien bp trong CT nha trudng. HS hpe cac cdng nghe ve truyen thong vd thiet bi de bat kip todn cau hda; 2/
Cdn bp qudn li, giao vien, nhan vien GD dugc ddo tao lien tuc theo cae phuang phap va rad hinh thich hep va da dang;
3/ Trudng hoc phat trien quan h? doi tac va mgng ludi vdi cac trudng dia phuang, cap quoc gia vd quoe te de tang cudng trao ddi lan nhau vd phdt trien thdng qua boat dpng hpe tap.
Theo CT GD bdt budc can ban 2008, HS hpc 8 mdn hpe chinh va cac mdn tir chpn, tham gia cdc hoat ddng ngoai khoa thdng qua 5 budc hpc tap sau: 1/ Hpc dua ra cau hdi tdp trung vao phat trien hpc tap suot ddi, ddc biet kT ndng tu duy phan bien. GV khuyen khieh HS quan sat nhieu hon va giiip cac em phdt trien kT nang ra cau hdi; 2/ Hpc cdch tra cim tap trung vdo dieu tra, hdi, thuc nghiem qua thu thap du lieu tir cdc nguon da dang. GV giup phat trien kT nang phan tieh va kT nang xir H diJ lieu tich hpp; 3/ Hpc cdeh xdy dung tdp trung vao kT nang li luan dien dich ciia HS de tao lap cae li thuyet va cac phuang phap kien lap tu duy khdc; 4/ Hpe each giao tiep tap trung vdo kT nang giao tiep (ndi va viet) ciia HS, gnip HS phdt trien kT nang thuyet trinh, vd sir dung trg giiip cdng nghe de tang hieu qua giao tiep; 5/ Hpc phuc vu cpng ddng giup HS ciing eo cde kT nang eiia mpt cdng dan tot va phat trien y thiic vi cpng ddng,
2.2.3. Indonesia
GD CDTC eiia Indonesia tap trung chinh d ITnh vuc GD xa hpi hpc trong CT. GD cong dan tai Indonesia duge bao qudt trong GD edng dan va Pancasila, GD cdng dan va Pancasila la mdt hpc bat buoc tir ldp 1 tdi 12 va Id mdn hpc tich hap bat bupc tir ldp 1 tdi ldp 6, GD edng dan va Pancasila dupe day nhu ragt radn ddc lap bat dau tir ldp 7.
Tir 16p 1 den Idp 6, cdc chit de da dang da dupe day trong md hinh ket hgp bao gom "Miia xuan", "Tdi", "Miia he",
"Gia dinh", "Mua thu", "Hang xdm", "Miia ddng" vd "Td qudc" Vi du, chil de thpe npi dung "Bao tang quanh ta",
"Su cd trong cudc sdng", "xa hoi hdi hda", "Siic khoe" vd
"Indonesia tu hao" dupe dua vao Idp 5 tai Indonesia. Theo CT 2013, toan cau hoa la mgt ehii de cdng khai ban luan lien quan tdi GD CDTC, todn cau hda duge nhac tdi trong ldp 6 vd 9.
Hien nay, Indonesia dang tnen khai CT 2013 nhung GD CDTC vdn chi dimg d gidi thieu todn cau hda trong sdch giao khoa, day va hpe ve toan cau hda tren ldp. Muc tieu va npi dung ciia GD edng dan Indonesia dupe trinh bay trong CT van cd lien quan tdi GD CDTC. Bd GD Indonesia nhat tri vi 2 nhiem vu de vi?c GD CDTC mpt cdeh hp thing tai Indonesia dugc th^rc hien nhu sau' GD CDTC can GD ve cdc pham chat can co ciia cong dan Indonesia nhu vi tha, dan chil vd hda binh cd lien quan tryc tiep vdi GD CDTC, quyen cong dan todn cau cd the dugc dua vdo trong tdi lieu gidng day bdng each lam rd mdi quan he giira GD cdng ddn Indonesia va CDTC.
Sau dd, GD CDTC nen GD nhan thiie \ i mdi quan he giiira GD CDTC vd ddi song thudng nhat ciia ngudi dan Indonesia. Mpc tieu nay cd the dat dugc thdng qua budc diu dao tao GV va GD HS tren ldp va sau dd GD phg huynh va cpng dong qua cac boat dpng cpng dpng da d ^ g . Chi khi HS, php huynh, cpng ddng dat dupe su ddng thu§n ve nhu cau cua GD CDTC va radi quan h? eiia nd vdi cupe sing thudng nhat, GD CDTC mdi kha thi vd cd chdt lugng cao.
2.3. Kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam
Dua tren tdng quan kinh nghiem qudc te ve GD CDTC trong CT GD ciia Han Quic, Thdi Lan va Indonesia, chiing ta thay, xdy dyng dugc ngudi cdng dan toan cdu Yi^t Nam trong boi eanh cua Viet Nam can cdc giai phdp phii hgp de trien khai hieu qua. Cu the nhu sau: 1/ GD CDTC n%a dupe bat dau til viec dua van de GD CDTC vdo ede ehinh sdch GD mpt edeh he thdng, cd hudng dan th\rc hien cy the; 2/
Tiep den la xay dung CT GD CDTC, trong dd Iam r6 myc tieu hinh thanh ngudi CDTC Viet Nam vdi nhirng tieu chi cu the ciia rapt CDTC mang ban sde Vipt; 3/ Tir myc tieu CT GD CDTC se tien hanh nghign ciiu lira chpn vd xay dung npi dung GD CDTC cho tiing giai doan GD phd thong (Tiiu hpc, THCS, THPT) phii hgp vdi nha trudng Vi^t Nam; 4/ Nhirng ngi dung GD CDTC da xay dyng mang l^i hieu qua de ra khi nhimg phuang phap GD CDTC sir dyng Id phii hop vdi cd ndi dung, doi tugng ngudi hpc, vdi dieu kien thue hien cua nhd trudng va dac diera/ ddc tnmg cua dia phuang trien khai; 5/ Ndng lyc cho cac nha GD th\ic hien nghien euu ve GD CDTC, dpi ngii gidng day thyc tien phdi dupe bdi duang thudng xuyen va khdng ngimg ndng eao, dae biet dpi ngu can bp quan li phai cd nhan thiic day du ve tam quan trpng, myc tieu cua CT GD CDTC, dam bdo vi?e thuc hi?n duae xuyen sudt theo ca chieu dpc (ve qudn li) va ehieu ngang (giiia nhihig ngudi thyc hien, ngucn tiep nhan).
Ngodi ra, myc tieu GD CDTC khdng the dgt dupe neu chi thyc hien gdi gpn trong nha trudng, de ngudi hpc tro thanh CDTC Vi?t Nam xet ve todn dipn thi nhgn thiic ciia cha me HS, cpng ddng ve y nghTa, dinh hudng cua GD CDTC trong gia dinh, ngodi nhd trudng can duge quan tam. Ngoai nhirng trao ddi thudng xuyen giiia cha me, cpng dong vdi nha trudng ve van de ndy, tai lipu hudng dan ve thyc hi^
GD CDTC cho cha me, thanh vien cpng ddng nen dypc xay dung vd tao dieu kien tiep can thdng tin GD CDTC phai dugc dau tu va chii trpng nhieu han niia. Ben canh dd, vi?c thiit lap mang ludi qudc te de trao ddi, chia se kiin thiic, ki nang vd thye tiln ve GD CDTC nhdm thyc hi?n hipu qua GD CDTC cua Vi?t Nam nen dugc chu trpng dau tu.
3. Ket lu^n
Thyc tr^ng GD CDTC tai Han Quoc, Indonesia vd Thai Lan cho thay cac d^c diem ciia GD CDTC hipn nay dupe thi hipn trong CT ciia timg nudc. Cd thi thay, cd ba nudc deu dan dan dua GD CDTC vao CT nhu mpt npi dung quan trpng bdng cdch gidi thi?u toan cdu hda vd cdc pham chat CLia CDTC nhu mpt chii de ho$c ndng tyc quan trpng Ml 114 TAP CHI KHOA HOC GIAO DUC V l f l NAM
Bill Dieu Quynh
dau tir cap Tiiu hpe. Hdn Quoc vd Thai Lan dang tiep can toan cdu hda nhu mpt each dap lai cac thdch thiic tii ben ngodi qudc gia, cdn Indonesia, cac dac tnmg dan tpc (da dang dan tpc) dugc dat trude todn c^u hda.
CT Hdn Qudc nhdn manh eac ndng luc, gid tri lien quan den CDTC nhu khoan dung, sy ddng cam va hiiu biit da vdn hoa. Tai Thai Lan, CT hudng din cac gid tri CDTC nhu gid tri ca nhan, cd du phdm ch^t, cd thi sdng nhu mot cong ddn vui ve trong xa hpi todn cau mdi, cd kT nSng va tiem ndng khoa hgc, cdng nghS vd giao tiip, ddng thdi eo khd ndng canh tranh. Tai Indonesia, CT tap trung vdo cdc ndng lyc, gid tri trach nhiem, sy khoan dung va hi6u biet lan
nhau. CJ cd 3 nudc, cac chii di GD CDTC dugc tich hgp vao CT bang nhieu hinh thiic: lien mon, xuyen m6n;hoac xem dd la npi dung ciia mdt sd mon hpc nhu GD cong dan, Dia li, Lich Sli, Ton giao, Khoa hpc, Nghe thuat....Nhin tir each thyc hien GD CDTC eua cac quoc gia da nghien ciru tren, ed the thay, vipe trien khai GD CDTC cua Viet Nam cdn dupe nghien cuu sau rdng hon nira, thu nghipm d da tdng, da phuang thiic va can su gdp siic, chung tay ciia cac ben li6n quan nhdm dam bao kit qua mong dpi la "xay dyng HS Viet Nam trd thdnh nhCrng ngudi CDTC mang ban sde Viet"
theo nghia tich cue nhdt.
Tdi iifu tham khdo
[1] http ://www, im.org/apps/news/story asp?NewslD= 51968#.
WFgPO-Tz4vY
United Nations, Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and quality edu- caiion for all and promote lifelong learning. Sustainable Development Goals, http://www.un org/sustainabledevelop- ment/education/
www.oxfam.org.iik/education/global-citizenship
Oxfam New Zealand 2014.
http://iizcgs,org nz/wp content/uploads/2016/3/education_
for__global_citizenship_a_giiide_for_schools.pdf.
A comparative study on Global Citizenship Education be- tween Korea and ASEAN, Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE), (2/2015), http://www.kice.re.kr
Email: [email protected]
A RESEARCH OF GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES
Bui Dieu Quynh
The Viemam National Instmiteot Educational Sciences ABSTRACT: In the inevitable development of the 21st century, globalization 101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam yg strongly impacting to all aspects of human life, in which education sector
could not keep itself out of the way of the progress. In order to create positive changes, the basic characteristics of education system as well as its effects need to be determined. The article is a summary of the research results on global citizenship education in the general curriculum of three Asian countries (Korea, Thailand and Indonesia). In particular, the concept of "global citizens"
and "global citizenship education" as well as the importance of these issues at the present stage are clarified by the author. The contents concerning to the global citizenship education and the purpose of global citizenship eduction of the three countries are also examined in this article. Based on the result of the curriculum analysis, a number of recommendations on global citizenship education in the context of Vietnam are given as lessons learned for the orientation of global citizenship education at general schools.
KEYWORDS: Global citizen; global citizenship education; globalization; curriculum;
educational goal.
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