TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP
NHIEM VU, TIEU CHl CUA PHAT TRIEN D P vy NGAN HANG BAN LE
Ths. Nguyen Qu6c Viet*
Trong nen kinh t4 thj tru&ng, nhu cau ve dich vy ngin hing (DVNH) ngiy cing cao, nhit li DVNH bin 16.
Muc tieu cua DVNH bin le li khich hing ci nhin, hp gia dinh, doanh nghipp vira vi nhd nen cic djch vy thu&ng do-n giin, de th{pc hipn vi thu&ng xuy§n, tip trung vio djch vy ti4n gdi vi tii khoin, vay von mua xe bo'i, nha, m& the tin dung, do v$y diy dang du&c coi ii xu hu&ng tat yeu cua cic ngin hing thucmg mai (NHTM)... trong khuon kho bit viit niu mpt s6 nhipm vu, tiiu chf cda phit triin dich vy ngin hing bin le (NHBL).
• TCi- kh6a ngSn hing bin Id. dich vij ngin hing bin Id.
In the market economy, the demand for banking services (DFBS) is increasing, especially retail banking services The goal of retail DFBS is individual, household, small and medium-sized customers, so sen/ices are simple, easy to implement and regular, focusing on deposit and account sen/ices, buying loans car, house, credit card opening, so this is considered an Indispensable trend of commercial banks... in the framework of the article stating some tasks and cnteria of developing the translation retail banking
• Keywords retail banking, retail banking services
Ngay nhan bat. 1/3/2019 Ngay chuySn phin bipn: 11/3/2019 Ngiy nhan phan bien: 15/3/2019 Ngay chap nhpn ding- 19/3/2019
I. Nhiem vu cua phat trien djch vu ngan hang ban le
Nhtfng nhiem vu co bin cua chien Iugc phit trien dich vu NHBL bao gom;
+ Xay dung he thong chinh sach, quan tri riii ro ngi bg ngan hang bio dam cu the hoa timg buac muc tieu cua chien luge phit trien.
+ Xay dung he thong ca so dtf lieu, he thong cong nghe thong tin dip ung tot nhu cau phat triln san pham djch vu hien dai. He thong Core Banking phii dii Icrn va dip irng nhu ciu phat
* Dgi hpc Cong dodn
trien trong nhieu nam, he thong CNTT co dung lugng Ion va dim bao do an toan cao trong cic giao djch ciia khach hang.
+ Phat trien he thong cac sin pham dich vu phil hgp vai nhu cau ciia thi trucrng va tiem nang, the manh ciia ngi tai NHTM trong timg thai ky, nham phat huy toi da lgi the so sanh cua ngan hang va dip ung toi da nhu cau ciia khach hang trong timg giai doan phit trien.
+ Da dang hoi dich vu NHBL, vai co ciu hgp ly, nang cao hieu qua hoat dgng kinh doanh v i vi the ciia ngan hang trong canh tranh.
+ Nang cao chat lugng djch vu NHBL.
2. Cac tieu chi do lu'o'ng mii-c do phat tri^n dich vu ngan hang ban le
Dl danh gii mifc do phit trien dich vu NHBL CLia moi ngan hang, nguai ta dua tren cac tieu chi do luang cu thi, cac tieu chi do la:
Thu nhdt, tieu chi phan inh su gia tang ciia quy mo dich vu cung irng: Mgt NHTM dugc danh gii la ngan hang phit triln djch vu, truac het phii dap ifng dugc nhu cau ciia cic doi tugng khich hang. Mirc do dap irng yeu ciu khach hing cang cao, khich hang sir dung djch vu cua ngin hang cing nhilu din tai so luang dich vu cung irng ra thi truang cang lan. Nhu vay, sir gia tang so lugng dich vu cung irng ra thi truang la tieu chi do luong mirc do phit triln dich vu ngan hang. Dinh gia su gia tang quy mo dich vu ngan hang cung irng ra thi truang, nguai ta dinh
56> Tap chi nghien cuTu Tai chlnh ke toan
( So 04 (189)-2019)
TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP
gia theo timg giai doan, thoi ky nhu hang thing, quy, nam. Tuy tirng dich vu khac nhau, co tieu chi do luong cu the.
Viec dinh gia sir tang truang ciia quy mo dich vu cung irng dugc thirc hien theo cong thifc sau:
Trong do: g la toe do tang truang quy mo djch vu cung irng (%) ciia mgt NHTM ky n so voi ky n-1.
Yni la quy mo sin phim djch vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong nam thir n.
Y(n-I)i la quy mo san pham djch vu i cua mpt NHTM trong nam thir n-1.
Thu hai, tieu chi phan anh sir gia tang thi phin hoat dgng: So lugng dich vu cung ung ra thi truang nhieu doi vai tirng loai dich vu, doi voi tong the dich vu ma ngin hing cung cap cung CO nghTa thi phan dich vii ciia ngan hang chiem cang lan. Doi vcri bat cu NHTM nao chiem thj phan Icm trong viec cung irng djch vu chirng to NHTM do dich vu phit triln.
Danh gii thj phan dich vu ngan hang cung cap ra thi truang, nguai ta co the danh gia thj phan theo tirng loai dich vu ngan hang, hoac danh gia thi phan chung ciia mgt NHTM so vai toin he thong ngan hang. Viec danh gia su gia tang thi phan ciia mgt NHTM dugc thuc hien theo cong thiJc sau:
,.r,,
z:/.,
y("-i)i
Trong do: g la sir gia tang thj phan hoat dgng cua sin phim i, hoac cua nhom san pham dich vu ciia mgt NHTM (%) ky n so vcri ky n-l.
Yni [a quy mo hoat dgng ciia san pham dich vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky hoat dgng n.
Tni la tong quy mo hoat dgng ciia san pham dich vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky n.
Y(n-I) la quy mo hoat dgng cua san pham djch vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky hoat dgng
T(n-l) la tong quy mo hoat dgng cua san phim dich vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky n-1.
Thir ba, tieu chi v l sir gia tang s6 lugng dich vu moi, muc do da dang hoi cic san phim dich vu NHBL: Phat trien dich vu khong chi dan thuan phit trien cic loai dich vu truyin thdng ma doi hoi phai phat triln cac loai hinh dich vu mcri.
Su da dang hoi djch vu giup cho cac NHTM dap ung dugc nhu cau ngay cing da dang ciia khach hang, khien cho kh6i lugng dich vu tung ra thi truang cang Ion. Hay noi cich khac djch vu NHTM phat trien. Ngoii viec cung ifng cic loai dich vu hien co, cic NHTM phii nghien cuu va dua ra thi truang nhilu loai djch vu mai phu hgp voi yeu cau ciia nen kinh te - xa hgi. Mifc do phu hgp, thich ung ciia cac djch vu moi ra dai doi voi thi truang cao lim cho nhu ciu sir dung dich vu nhieu, dich vu ngan hang phit trien.
Do luong muc do da dang hoa dich vu ngan hing, nguai ta dinh gii tren co sa so lugng cac loai hinh dich vu NHBL, trong do co so lugng sin pham dich vu NHBL moi cung cap cho thi truang.
FAH- tu, tieu chi ve su gia tang hieu qua hoat dgng ciia dich vu NHBL: Hieu qua hoat dgng li chi tieu tong hgp v i cuoi ciing phin inh ket qua cua ca qua trinh phit trien dich vu NHBL CLia mgt NHTM. Doi v6i moi sin phim dich vu NHBL dugc cung cap ra thi truang, ngoai cac chi tieu ve sir gia tang quy mo hoat dgng, thi phan hoat dgng, thi chi tieu ve hieu qui hoat dgng la chi tieu co y nghTa quyet dinh viec tiep tuc phit trien sin pham dich vu, hay tam dimg triln khai dich vu neu hieu qua mang lai khong nhu ky vgng da dat ra. Ngoai ra, viec dinh gii hieu qua boat dgng cua toin bg mang dich vu NHBL CO y nghTa rit quan trgng, giup Ban lanh dao CO nhifng quyet sach kjp thai lien quan den chiln Iugc hoat dgng, chien Iugc CNTT, dieu chinh phan khue khach hang, chinh sich cham soc khich hang... nham gop phan nang cao nang lire canh tranh va hieu qui boat dgng cua cac NHTM.
Tap chi nghien cflu Tai chinh Ice toan <5^
TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP (S6'04(189)^2019J
Trong do: p la sir gia tang ty suat Igi nhuan cua sin phim i, hoac cua nhom sin phim djch vu cua mgt NHTM (%) ciia ky n so vai ky n-1.
Tni la thu nhap tir hoat dgng ciia sin pham dich vu i cua mgt NHTM trong ky hoat dgng n.
'L(n-I)i li thu nhap tir hoat dgng ciia sin pham djch vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky n-1.
Cni la chi phi hoat dgng ciia san pham dich vu i ciia mgt NHTM trong ky hoat dgng n.
C(n-l)i li chi phi hoat dgng cua san pham dich vu i cua mgt NHTM trong ky hoat dgng n-l.
Thu- ndm, tieu chi ve muc do hii long ciia khach hang: Cic dich vu ngan hang cung ung dugc cic khach hing sir dung nhieu the hien su tien ich cua cic loai dich vu do va ciing c6 nghTa li sir hai long ciia khich hang doi vai cac dich vu m i ngan hang cung cip. Do vay, dinh gia muc do hii long ciia khich hing ve djch vu ngan hang cung cap ra thj truang, co the nguoi ta phit tcr rai lay y kiln ciia khach hing, hoac danh gii tren ca sa s6 Iugng moi loai dich vu ngin hing cung cap tren thi truang dugc nhilu hay it. Viec dinh gia miic do hai long co thi chia thanh 3 nhom de hoi y kien khach hing: Rit hai long, hai long vi khong hii long. Thong qua kit qui thong ke se giiip ngan hang co nhung chi'nh sich phu hgp nham dap ung tit nhit nhu ciu ciia khach hang.
Thie sdu, tieu chi ve thuang hieu, uy tin cua NHTM: Khi ngan hang co uy tin, thuang hieu tren thi truang da dugc khang dinh, khich hang se tin tuang va sir dung djch vu ngan hang. Dieu do chung to ngan hang phat trien dich vu. Mgt NHTM CO uy tin the hien ngan hing do ngay cang nhieu khich hing den su dung dich vu ngan hang. Ngoai chit lugng dich vu cung cip, cac loai hinh djch vu ngiy cing da dang, tien ich thi phong cich giao dich ciia cic nhan vien ngan hang phai van minh, lich su, khong gay phien ha doi vcri khich hang. Viec xac djnh uy tin ciia mgt NHTM co thi thong qua kit qua cham diem xep hang tin nhiem ciia cic to chirc dgc lap trong nucrc va quoc te nhu Moody's, Ernst and Young... Mat khic, mgt NHTM co uy
tin, thuang hieu, NHTM do se dugc nhan nhieu giai thuang hang nam do Chinh phu va cic to chirc qu6c t l co uy tin binh chgn vi trao giii hang nam nhu: Ngan hang ban le t6t nhit, ngan hang CO djch vu the t i t nhit, ngan hang thanh toan tot nhit,.. Nhu viy, mgt NHTM co uy tin va thuang hieu t6t la ngan hang co tiem lire tai chinh manh, he th6ng CNTT manh va an toan, mang luoi hoat dgng rgng khip, dgi ngu cin bg phuc vu chuyen nghiep va tan tinh, sin pham dich vu da dang vai nhieu gia trj gia tang, cac kenh phin phoi hien dai v i da dang,... dap ifng day du cac nhu cau ve cac san pham djch vu dii vai mgi chii the cua nen kinh te.
Thu bdy, tieu chi ve khi nang canh tranh tren thj truong: Trong dieu kien tren thi truang co nhieu ngin hang ciing hoat dgng, sir canh tranh hoat dgng giifa cic ngan hing ngay cing gay gat.
Cac ngan hang muon dimg virng tren thi truang doi hoi phai doi mai hoat dgng sao cho d i p ung yeu cau phong phii da dang cac loai hinh djch vu cho khach hang. Noi each khic phai phit trien djch vu, do viy kha nang canh tranh cua ngin hang li tieu chi do luong muc do phat triln dich vu ngan hang. Tieu chi do lucrng kha nang canh tranh cua mgt NHTM: so lugng v6n tir co, nguon v6n huy dgng, gia dich vu, phuang tien, trinh do dgi ngu can bg quin ly va nhan vien, mang luai...
Tai lifu tham khao:
Banking Sector Review (2017), Vietnam Jun 2017.
The World Bank. Financial Sector, East Asia and Pacific Region
Beijnen. Ch and W. Bolt (2007), Size Mailers- Econ- omies of Scale in European Payment Processing. DNB Working Paper, No 155
Capgemin,. Royal bank of scotlland european financial management^ market association (2008) World Pay- ments Report 2008, htip://,vmv.capgemini com/resource
•fi^J-^^^^ss/resource/pdf/IVorld_Paymenis_Report_2008.
Jonathan Rosenthal (2013). -Thai ky phuc hung ciia ngan hang ban le ". The Economist, tr 1-3
Later John Kay (2009), Narrow banking- The Re- form of Banking Regulation. http://^,ww.johnLcont/Z- content/uploads/2009/12/JK-Narrow-Banking pdf '^
m m Viet Nam (2010-2017), Bdo cdo diiu hdnh chinh sach lien I, va hoai dong ngan hdng hdng nam. HdNfi
5&> Tap chi nghien cufu Tai chinh k e toan
