KINHTE - X A HOI
May buyHL-1.chiec max bay ddu lien do trong nirdc thiet ke. che tgo dd bay thie nghiem thdnh cdng ngdy 1-2-1984 tren bdu trdi Hd Npi.
NHIN LAI VIEC
TRONG NUdCTL/THIET CHE TAO MAY BAY
KE,
K
hoang nam 1999-2000 bao chi dn len;cd hai dng "hai lda"Tay Ninh may md che tao dugc may bay; rdi sau day vai nam,lai cd tin cac nha khoa hgc thugc Hdi Co hgc Viet Nam cung tu lam ra mau may bay cho rieng minh. Mdi day, mdt "bi mat quan su" dugc cdng khai; trong djp ky niem Qudc khanh mdng 2 thang 9 nam nay , tai Bao tang Phdng khdng- khdng quan tai Ha Ndi, trung bay chiec may bay dau tien do quan ddi thiet ke, che tao tir nhung nam dau thap nien 80 cua the ky trudc . Gid cd djp nhin lai nhung su kien ke Uen, vcii vai dieu so sanh va suy nghi dudi day...
Nhu vay trong vdng 30 niim qua d nudc ta da cd tdi ba nhdm, tai cac thcri die'm khac nhau dat ra viec tu thiet ke, che tao may bay. Hay die'm lai qua trinh
P h a m Q u a n g D a u
dien ra cda mdi su kien dd, de thay each tien hanh, miic tieu va ket qua cda cac nhdm cd nhieu diem khac nhau.
Tir dau nam 1978, Quan chdng Kbdng quan da cd du an che tao may bay vdi muc tieu la; dao tao ddi ngu can bd nghien ciiu va cdng nhan ky thuat ban dau biet thiet ke, che thu va td chiic bay thir mgt so loai may bay tu don gii'.n den phuc tap, lam ndng cdt cho nen cdng nghiep hang khdng sau nay. Dam nhan du an la Vien Ky thuat quan su khdng quan (Vien KTQSKQ), ncri vdn tap trung dugc mdt luc lugng can bd khoa hgc ky thuat hang khdng hdng hau vao bac nhat d nudc ta thdi die'm ay, hau bet cac ky su hang khdng dao tiio tu nudc ngoai(chd yeu tu Lien Xd); ben canh dd sau ngay giai phdng Mien Nam, thong nhat dat nudc quan ddi cung tiep thu dugc
2 8 K h o a h o c & T d q u d c thang 9 2009
'7'W
Chd chiec mdy bay tnrc thdng dn "hai liia " che tgo ra ncri thir nghiem bayfsong cudc bay sau dd khdng thdnh)
kho vat tu ky thuat cda My - Nguy de liii kha ddi dao, trong dd cd nhieu loai chuyen diing cho khdng quan. Mdt thuan Igi khac, ldc dd cd mdt Vict kieu tai Phap la cdng trinh su che tao may bay Nguyen Viin Phdc ve nudc, dng mudn biiy td Idng yeu nucic cda minh biing viec truycMi dat kinh nghiem nghe nghiep eho cae ky su hang khdng tre. Nhu vay da hcii tu dd nhung yeu td can thiet, de cd the bat tay vao mdt cdng viee khd khan, phire tiip ehua tung cd tien de d nudc ta. Chgn mau la loai may bay canh quat nhd. nhe trinh sat tren khdng, md phdng theo may bay Rallye-220 GT cda Phap. Tieu chuan thiet kc, nhu binh thudng viin theo tieu chuan cda hang khdng Lien Xd, song nhdm thiet ke dung dau la dai uy, phd tien sT(nay la tien sT) Nguyen Van Hai vdi sutuvan cda dng Nguyen Van Phdc da miinh dan chc)n tieu chuiin cdn riit xa la vdi Viet Nam, la FAR-25 cda My, su thiinh cdng ve sau niiy cda du an cung la do ngay tir dau chgn ducrc meit tieu chuan tien tien.
Den thiing 7-1980, tue chi sau hon mdt nam ke tu khi nhdm thiet ke vii che thu cda Vien KTQSKQ vao cudc, chiec may bay diiu tien 4 chd ngdi mang ky hieu TL-1 da ra ddi va bay thu thanh cdng. Cung can ndi them la, ddng co may bay kha nang trong nircTc khdng the: che tao ducre, ma chi la tinh toiin.
KINH TE - X A H O l l lua chgn, lip rap mdt loai ddng ca canh quiit cda My san cd trong kho chien Icyi pham. Sau thanh cdng cda may bay dau tien, tu dau nam 1981 nhdm thiet ke lai tiep tue mau mdi ddng trong bay huan luyen cd ky hieu HL-1 va den gitia nam 1987 chiec HL-2 tiep tue ra dcii. Tiec rang sau dd. do dieu kien bj cam van cda My, nen kinh te nude ta lai dang giip nhieu khd khan, nen chuong trinh ehe tao may bay cda quan ddi bj dimg lai.
Nhu vay cd the ndi, chuong trinh thiet ke, che tao may bay cua quan ddi da ca ban dat dugc nhung muc tieu ban dau de ra, ve sau quan ddi cdn che tao duge them mgt sd loai may bay kieu khac, cung mdt phan nhd cd budc di dau tien thanh cdng.
Sang sukien thiet ke che tao miiy bay thuhai. Nhting nam dau cda the ky XXI. Hcii Cahgc Viet Nam de xuat du an ehe tao may bay loai nhd, ky hieu VAM-1, do GS.TS. Nguyen Xuan Hung chd tri. Va ngay 5 thiing 11 nam 2003, Thd tueing chinh phd cd cdng van giri cac bd cd lien quan ddng y cho bay thu nghiem may bay VAM-1, dugc cai hoan mdt sd bd phan nhu cang, thanh dieu khien... tumiiu may bay nhd Beaver RX550 cda Canada. Nhu nhan djnh cda GS. TSKH. Bui Song Ciiu, Chd tich hcii ddng nghiem thu dc tai cda Sd Khoa hgc-Cdng nghe TP.Hd Chi Minh (de tai dat loai kha): "Tu thiet ke, che tao ngay mot chiec may bay hoan loan mdi la chua the dugc. Vi vay mua mcit chiec may bay cda nudc ngoiii, nghien curu tiep xdc va lam ehd de che tao timg bd phan may bay la budc tiep can ddng dan cda nhdm nghien cdru". Ngay 8 thang 12 nam 2005, tai san bay Nudc Trong, Long Thanh. Ddng Nai chiec VAM-1, hai chd ngdi, ty le ndi dja hoa 20% da bay thu nghiem dugc cho la thanh cdng, eat ha canh 3 lan, bay tren khdng trung 24 phdt, d do cao nhat la 875 mejt. Dang le theo ke hoaeh, Hdi Ca hgc se che tao tiep VAM-2, ty le ndi hoa 70% du kien bay thu vao nam 2006, song do nhieu nguyen nhan ma viec nay khdng tien hanh dugc, chi dimg lai d VAM-1.
Chuyen hai dng "hai lua"(cach ggi theo titing dia phirong Nam Bd) dxa Sudi Ngd (Tan Chau,Tay Ninh) tu bd tien tdi de che tao may bay thdi gian qua da dugc bao chi ndi den nhieu. Ho biit diiu "du im" tir niim 1999 va keio dai den tan giira mim 2006 meri ket thdc, ma khdng dat dugc thanh qua gi ngoiii hai mau may bay len thiing lap loai ddng ccr cda... d td.
Do ket luiin cda hcii ddng thiint dinh cda Bd Qudc
thang 9 2009 Khoa h o c ft Td q u d c 2 9
IKINHTE - X A HOI
phdng (thang 8 thang 2006), la may bay chua du dieu kien bay, ma den nay may bay cua "hai Ida" da khdng the cat minh len khdi mat dat dugc phut nao!
Khdng ai nghi ngd ve ddng ca trong sang cda hai dng, mudn cd mdt chiec true thang dung trong viec di tuan ning (rimg dugc khoan bao ve) va lam mdt sd viec nhu rai phan, thude tru sau. Nhung do hai dng khdng cd kien thtic chuyen mdn ve hang khdng, lai lam viec don dgc, khdng cd thdng tin cap nhat, thi that bai la le duong nhien. Cd le day la minh chirng rd nhat cho viec tien hanh nghien ciiu, cai tien khdng lucyng sue va ngay tir dau da chgn sai de tai. Neu vdi nhiet tinh, cung tay nghe chi la stia chira ca khi nhd ma hg di vao cai tien may mdc, tim den nhirng de tai don gian, thiet thuc d dja phucmg thi chic se gat hai dugc thanh cdng (Dang tiec la, thdi gian qua cdn cd mdt sd ca quan bao chi, cdng mdt vai ngucii cd traeh nhiem, da khdng "khuyen can", cdn khuyen khich hg... hue dau vao da!).
Qua ba su kien che tao may bay ke tren, cho thay mot thuc te hien nhien, de hieu, song van cd mot sd
ngucii bd qua, dd la khdng the lam mdt du an khoa hgc cdng nghe ldn, ma khdng cd su chuan bj chu dao ca ve nhan luc (chat xam) cung co sd vat chat bao dam. Va dac biet la, vdi nhtrng cdng trinh ta chua cd nhieu kinh nghiem, rat can vai trd cua ngirdi cd van. Gan day, ngudi viet bai nay khi hdi tien sT Nguyen Van Hai (dng nam nay 66 tudi, trudc liic nghi huu quan ham dai ta), ve vai trd cua cdng trinh su Nguyen Van Phdc trong viec thiet ke, che tao may bay cua nhdm Vien KTQSKQ tnrdc day, dng thing than tra ldi; "Luc dd neu khdng ed dng Phuc, chdc Id ehung tdi dd chpn de tdi khdc phu hcrp han vdd khd ndng ciia minh".
Cdn dieu nay nua. Vdi su md cua hdi nhap hdm nay, thi viec tim hieu thiet ke che tao nhirng loai may bay thdng dung nhu trudc day khdng nen dat ra, se chdng vanh, hieu qua hem nhieu khi ta nhap ddng bd day truyen cdng nghe tien tien cua nudc ngoai.
Van de quan trgng la; chuan bj vdn lieng, cung luc lugng can bd, cdng nhan ky thuat du sue tiep nhan chuyen giao cdng nghe mdi hien dai.B
NGAY KHONG nil NILON
N
gdy 9 thdng 9 nam 2009, tgi thdnh pho du Ijch Hpi An dien ra su kien ddng cht) y: Ngdy khong tui nilon (The Nature day). Ddy Id lan ddu tien co si/ kien ndy b nuac to cung nhu tren the gidi.Tdc hgi ctia tiji nilon den moi trudng hau nhu ai cung biet, nhung do tinh tien dung, nen viec logi bd tui nilon khdi sinh hogt thudng ngdy Id cupc chien khong don gidn.
Phdt dpng ngdy khong sufdung tui nilon dupc Trung tdn ho trp dng phd bien doi khf hdu (SCC), cung Bdo Khoa hpc vd ddi song sdng kien ehung, dong to' chtic. Sdng kien ndy dd dupc Cue Bdn quyen tdc gid cdp Giay chdng nhdn ddng ky bdn quyen tdc gid.
Chpn thdnh pho du lich Hpi An Idm noi phdt dpng Ion dau khong sd dung tui nilon. Ban to chtic muon hudng tdi Ngdy mung 9 thdng 9 hdng ndm se Id ngdy khong tui nilon dupc nhieu nudc ung hp, gop phdn gin giii moi trudng song, vd Id tro thdnh Ngdy khong tui nilon
I. .k
quoc te.
Nhung hoot ddng cho su kien ndy dupc bdt
dou td ngdy 1 thdng 9 boo gom:
1. Vdn dpng dong ddo ca quon, to' chdc, gia dinh, vd du khdch ky ten cam ket khong si) dung tui nilon trong ngdy 09/09/2009.
Khdi dpng td 01/09 den 09/09 dii kien se cd 10.000 CO quan, gia dinh, du khdch tu nguyen ky ten com ket khong sd dung tui nilon trong ngdy 09/09. Todn bp chu ky com ket cua nhOng ngudi thom gio ky ten se dupc ddng quyen vd luu trang trpng de ghi nhdn nhting ngudi di ddu trong su kien ndy.
2. Trie'n khoi chien djch thu gom tui nilon thdi loai vd doi lay tui mua hdng than thien vdi moi trudng.
Hoot dpng cd sU tham gio cdo Hpi phu ni}, Dodn thanh nien, cdc to' chdc xd hpi tpi Hpi An nham Idm xanh, sach thdnh pho. Bon to chdc cung se cd nhung diem thu gom vd doi 100 tui nilon thdi logi lay 1 tui thdn thien moi trudng.
Hopt dpng ndy dien ro vdo ngdy 09/09.
3. Td chuc dap xe tuyen truyen ve "Ngdy khong fui nilon - The Nature Day" vd tuyen truyen cho mpt loi song khong le thupc vdo tui nilon.
Cdc tinh nguyen vien gom cdc em hpc sinh, cdc cu phu ldo, vd cdc du khdch vv. se dupc khuyen
khich tham gio hogt ddng ndy nhom co' dpng, tuyen truyen khong chi cho ngudi ddn Hpi An vd du khdch trong nudc vd quoc te cd y thdc vdi von de moi trudng. Hoot dpng ndy dien ra vdo ngdy 09/09.
4. Khoi truPng ddy cda hdng/cda hieu khong phdt tui nilon cho khdch hdng
De phdt trien thdi quen khong phdt tui nilon mien phf cho khdch den mua hdng tpi cdc cdo hdng/ciia hieu tpi Hpi An, mpt tuyen pho gom cdc cdo hieu tinh nguyen khong phdt tui nilon cho khdch hdng se dupc khoi truang. Cdc cda hdng/cda hieu thorn gio chuong trinh se dupc cung cop tui cdi de phdt cho khdch hdng thay vi tui nilon nhutrudc ddy. Neu thdi quen ndy dupc hinh thdnh vd phdt trie'n thi cdc Idng nghe cdi truyen thonq dd moi mpt d Qudng Nam se cd the khoi riiuc Ipi. Hoot dpng ndy dien ra vdo ngdy 09/09.
5. Dem Gala tong ket vd ton vinh nhung ngudi tich cue thom gio hoot dpng khdng siiidung tui nilon
Ddy cung Id thdi diem tong ket vd cong bo cdc con so dpt dupc trong Ngdy khong tui nilon Ion thu nhat 09/09/2009 cung nhu phdt dpng md rpng su kien trong ndm tiep theo.
P.V.
3 0 K h o a h o c & T 6 q u d c thang 9 2009
