NHONG BIEN D O I CUA DAO TIN LANH 01 VIET NAM
• P G S , TS NGUYEN THANH XUAN Hpc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tom tdt: Dao Tin ldnh dUdc truyen vdo Viet Nam khodng thap nien ddu theky XX. Do tihih nguyen nhdn ve ton gido, vdn hoa, xd hgi vd chinh tri, nen triidc ndm 1975, mac dil cdc nhd truyen gido rat nd lUc, nhUng dao Tin ldnh phdt trien chu yeu d khu vUc phia Nam vdi so lUdng tin do han che. TiigiUa nhiing ndm 1980 den nay, dao Tin ldnh d Viet Nam phdt trien rgng khdp, nhat Id d viing dong hao ddn tgc thieu so d Tdy Nguyen vd Tdy Bdc, ddt ra nhieu vdn de cdn quan tdm ve nhdn thUc vd chinh sdch.
• Tii khoa: hien doi ton gido Viet Nam, dao Tin ldnh.
1. Sir bien doi ve so luong tin do, pham vi hoat dong va to chirc ciia dao Tin lanh d Viet Nam hien nay
Sau nam 1975, cde td chiic Tm lanh khdng dupc Nba nudc Viet Nam cdng nban, vi vay sinh hoat tdn giao eua tin dd eiing nhu boat ddng ciia ehtic sde dao Tin ldnh cam chimg, de ddt. Trong bdi canh dd, dao Tin lanh khdng nhiing kbdng thu hep va tan ra nhu nhilu ngudi quan niem, ma tdn giao nay van tru lai, thdm ebi phdt trien rdt nhanh. Sdtin do dao Tin ldnh (da cMu Ll Bdp tern) ndm 1975; 180 nghin ngudi; nam 1990; 320 nghin ngudi, nam 1995: 368 nghin ngudi; nam 2000; 504 ngMn ngudi, nam 2005: 950 nghin ngudi; nam 2010; 1,05 trieu ngudi, nam 2017:
1,35 trieu ngudi'" (ttong gan 1,5 ttieu ngudi theo dao Tm Idnh theo khai trinh cua cde td chuc Tin lanh)'^'. Nhuvay, den nay, sd lupng tin do dao Tin lanh (da ehiu Le Bap tem) tang gdp 6 lan, sd ngudi theo dao Tm ldnh ndi ehung tang gap ban 8 lan so vdi nam 1975.
Cung vdi su tang trudng tin dd la su md rdng pham VI hoat ddng eua dao Tin lanh. Neu nhu trudc nam 1975, dao Tm lanh chu yiu boat dpng dkhu vuc phia Nam, drMen Bdc khi ay chi cd 10 tinb thdnh cd ngudi theo dao, thi den nay, tdn gido nay da md rdng ra ed nudc'^'.
Tuong ling vdi su tang trudng tin dd vd su md rpng dia bdn boat dpng la su gia tang cdc chi bdi Tin lanh (don vi ca sd, cdn gpi la Hdi thanh ca sd) va dilm nhdm (dia diem nhdm 11). Niu nhu trudc nam 1975, dao Tm lanh cd khoang 550 cM hdi vd hpi nbdnh (trong do Hdi thdnh Tin ldnh Viet Nam - mien Nam cd 530 ehi bdi va hdi nhanh), thi den nay, ca nude cd 606 chi bdi vd 4.757 diem nhdm theo cdng ddng dan cu.
D l cap din su tang trudng tin do dao Tin ldnh d nudc ta khdng the khdng ndi din su tmyen nhap tdn giao ndy vao ddng bdo dan tdc tiiieu sd d Tay Nguyen va Tay Bdc (ten gpi chung khu vuc mien nui phia Bdc). Dao Tm ldnh tmyen len Tay Nguyen nam 1930. Tir nam 1930 den nam 1975
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DIEN DANcd khoang 55 - 60 nghin tin dd dao Tui ldnh la ddng bao dan tdc tiiieu sd'^'. Sau nam 1975, ttong boan canh ngimg hoat ddng vi ed quan he vdi td ehiie phdn dpng FULRO, nhung do nhieu nguyin nhdn, dao Tin lanh vdn tdn tai va pbdt trien, thdm cbi pbat triin rat nhanh vao thdp nien 90 till ky XX - dieu ma trudc ndm 1975 cd su hd trp tiorc tiep ve mpi mat cua Hdi Truyen giao CMA van khdng the tbuc Men dupc.
Dennam2017, dTay Nguyen cd615.1Il ngudi theo dao Tui lanb (ttong do khoang 550 ngbin tiii dd la ngudi dan tdc tbilu sd) gap 10 lan so vdi trudc nam 1975, a 1.B63 diem nhdm eua hon 20 td ehiic va he phdi Tin ldnh. Cu the, Ddc Ldc:
188.169 ngudi, Gia Lai: 138.033 ngudi, Lam Ddng:
92.815 ngudi, Bmh Phudc; 60.458 ngudi, Ddc Ndng; 63.830 ngudi, Kon Tum; 16.806 ngudi'^i.
O Tay Bdc, tir nam 1985, mdt sd ddng bdo Mdng d Hd Giang, Ldo Cai, Dien Bien, Son La, Lai Chdu,... sau kbi nghe Ddi Ngudn sdng (The Far East Broadcasting Company- FEBC) pbat tii Manila (Philippin) bdng tiing Mdng da theo dao Tin lanh dudi ten gpi Vdng Chu. Cudi nhimg nam 1980, mdt sd ngudi chuyin sang theo Cdng gido, nhung den dau nhtmg nam 1990 dupe Dai FEBC va Hdi tiidnh Tin ldnh Viet Nam (miin Bae) hieu cbinh chuyen sang theo dao Tin lanb.
Cung thdi gian nay, cdc td chiic Tin lanb da thu nap tin do ngudi Mdng vd xdy dung to chiic. NIu ndm 1996 cd nudc cd gan 60 nghin ngudi Mdng theo dao Tin lanh, tiii d i n nam 2005, khi ttiln khai Chi tiii sd Ol/CT-TTg, sd ngudi Mdng tiieo Tm lanb da tang len 110 ngMn ngudi (cMlm 13%
tdng sd ngudi Mdng todn qudc). Den nam 2017, sd ngudi Mdng theo dao Tin ldnh 6 cac tinh mien nui phia Bdc tdng len 215 nghin ngudi (khdng ke khoang 34 ngbin ngudi Mdng theo dao Tin ldnh di cuvao Tdy Nguyen). Ngodi ngudi Mdng, d khu vuc Tay Bdc giai doan nay cdn cd
khoang gdn 20 nghin ddng bdo ddn tdc tiiilu sd khac nhu Dao, Sdn Chi, Thai,... theo dao Tin ldnh. Sd lieu d bing tinh nhu sau: Dien Bien:
58.041 ngudi, Lai Chdu; 42.778 ngudi, Ldo Cai;
28.345 ngudi, Cao Bang; 16.792 ngudi, Hd Giang;
19.730 ngudi, Bdc Can: 13.818 ngudi. Son La;
12.976 ngudi, Tuyen Quang: 8.317 ngudi. Thai Nguyen; 5.566 ngudi, Thanh Hda: 5 ngMn ngudi, Lang San: 2.264 ngudi, Yin Bdi; 1.373 ngudii^'.
Nhuvay, n i u nam 1975 ed nudc cd khodng 55 nghin tin dd dao Tm lanh la ddng bao dan tdc tiiilu sd tM den ndm 2017 tang lin den 775 nghui tin dd, gdp hon 14 Idn.
SuMnh thdnh nMiu td cbiic, he phai Tin lanh Id mdt ttong nhiing dac trung ctia biln ddi dao Tin lanh d Viet Nam hien nay. Bin canh 10 to chiic, he phdi Tin ldnh dupc cdng nhan, tM d Viet Nam Men cd 78 td ehtic, nhdm phai Tin lanb chua dupe cdng nhdn, dang boat dpng tai 63 tinh thdnh ttIn ca nudc. Da sd td ehtic Tin ldnh chua duac cdng nban la nhiing td chuc, nhdm phai mdi phuc hdi hodc mdi hmh tiidnh, ten gpi va sd lieu ehua dn dinh, tham chi mOt sd trudng hop tin gpi tning nhau vd ngudi theo dao cd kM eiing ghi danh d cae td ehiie kbac nhau. Cd die thay, n i u nam 1975 cd khoang 20 td ehiic, he phai Tm ldnh tM nam 2017 cd din 88 td chiic, nhdm phdi Tin lanh dang hoat ddng d Viet Nam.
2. Mpt so ly giai v^ su bien dfii dao Tin lanh ff Viet Nam hien nay
Dl ly giai vl su biln ddi cua dao Tin lanh d Viet Nam hiln nay khdng t h i don gian eho rdng nhung nguyen nhdn ddng bao tiieo dao chl la do vdt chat hoac do hi du dd; cung kbdng nen theo Idgic hinh tbuc ndi rdng viec theo dao la do truyin dao, ttong kbi ddng bao khdng cd nhu cau; cdng khdng t h i philn diln cho rdng viee theo dtio Tin lanh cbi la mdt pban trong chien luoc "diln biln hda binh" cua cac the luc thu
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Nha tha Tin Lanh tai Hdi Phong, dugc Phdp xdy tit nam 1894 _ Anh: thuvientinlanh org
dich. Tdm lai, vdn d l dao Tin lanb pbdt trien nhanh va manh d nudc ta thdi gian gan day can phai dupe tim hilu ea nguyen nhdn ehu quan lan nguyen nhan khdch quan, ca nguyen nhan kinh t l Idn nguyen nhdn xa hdi vd cdn phai ly giai tii chinh nhirng ddc diem cua dao Tm lanh.
Chinh sich ddi mdi, md cua, hdi nhap quoc ti, nhat la qua trinh CNH, HDH dat nudc co tic dong din su bien doi cua Tin linh o Viet Nam.
Cdng cudc ddi mod, CNH, HDH dat nudc da tao mdi trudng phu hpp cho su phat trien cua dcio Tm lanh - mdt tdn gido eai cdch thieh bpp voi tang ldp thi dan cua xa hdi cdng nghiep.
Cung vdi qua trinh ddi mdi, Viet Nam md rdng quan he hpp tdc vdi edc nude tten the gidi, trong do cd nhiing nudc ed ddng ngudi theo dao Tin lanh. Hiln nay, dao Tin lanb cd 820 trieu tin dd, la tdn giao Idn tini tu tten the gidi (chl dung sau Islam gido vdi 1,45 ty tin do, Cdng gido vdi tren 1,25 ty tin dd. An Dp gido vdi l , l t y tin dd). Trong do, hai qudc gia cd ddng ngudi theo Tm ldnh la My va Han Qudc. My dupe coi la trung tdm dao
Tin lanh t h i gidi vdd khoang 180 trieu tin dd (chilm gdn 60% tdng dan sd) thupc hang trdm be phdi vd hang nghin td ehiic dao Tin ldnh.
Trong lich sii va bien tai, dao Tin ldnh My la ngudn tmyen giao vd bd trp dao Tin ldnh d Viet Nam. Hdn Qudc Men dupc coi la mdt qudc gia Tin lanb d chdu A. Hon 30 nam trd lai ddy, sd ngudd theo dao Tin Idnh d Hdn Qudc tdng rdt nhanh vdi khoang 22 trieu tin dd, chilm gan 50%
tdng dan sd, trd thanh dau mdi truyin dao Tin lartii d khu vuc, trong dd cd Viet Nam. Khi quan he Viet Nam - Han Qudc, Viet Nam - My ngdy cang pbat trien tiii tdc ddng cua dao Tin lanh My va dao Tin ldnh Hdn Qude den dao Tin lanh d Viet Nam la dilu tdt yeu.
Cimg can chu y den bdi cdnh todn cau hda tao dieu kiln de dao Tm lanh, cting nhu nbilu tdn giao khde, md rdng tmyen giao ra nbilu khu vuc ttIn the gidi. Cung vdt toan eau hda la su bung nd ve khoa hpe ky tbudt, nhat la su phdt trien vuot bae vl cdng nghe thdng tin, Hiln nay, su bung nd ctia tmyIn tiidng la tra luc cho vile
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DIEN DANtiiiyln ba dao Tin lanh, khdng chi d Viet Nam ma cdn d nhieu qudc gia khde tren till gidi.
Trong lich sir, cac gido si dao Tin ldnh rat cbu ttpng khai thac edc phirong tiln tmyen thdng de pbue vu cho boat ddng tiotyln giao. Tnrdng hop ngudi Mdng d khu vtie Tdy Bdc nude ta theo dao Tm ldnh ehu yeu qua nghe ddi FEBC la mpt vi du tieu bilu.
Vi loi thi cua dao Tm lanh trong qua trinh truyin dao va theo dao.
Dao Tm ldnh tach ra tii Cdng giao, la kit qud eua phong ttao cai each tdn giao d chdu Au t h i ky XVI. Theo ly thuyet, tdn gido ra ddi sau hoac Id phep cdng, boac la phep trir cua tdn gido trudc do, cd the thay dao Tin ldnh la phep trir cita Cdng gido. Dao Tin lanh da bd bdt nhung gi dupe gpi la trung gian giua con ngudi vdi Thiin Chua.
Nbiing ndi dung cai each vl ludt ll, II ngM, thd phung va td ehiic lam cho dao Tm lanh ttd tiidnh tdn giao don gian, gpn nhe va d l tiieo. Vdi nhiing ndi dung edi each, dao Tin ldnh Id tdn gido tMch hop vdd hai doi tupng tmyen thdng la thi dan eiia xa hdi edng nghiep va edc ddn tpc tMeu sd (tdc ngudi), khdng chi d Viet Nam ma cdn d nhieu nudc trln t h i gidi. Ddc biet, dao Tin Idnb chit tnrong ttd lai vdi Kinh Thanh, cM tin TMen Chua vd d l cao vai trd cd nhdn va dtic tin trong sinh boat tdn giao. Nhiing dieu ndy tao ra sukhdc biet rdt can bdn giua dao Tin ldnh vdi Cdng giao, tao ra su hap dan eua dao Tm lanb so vdi Cdng giao va mdt sd tdn giao khac trong nbung hodn eanh nhat dinh. Dilu nay cdn lam cho dao Tin lanh cd t h i tdn tai va phat trien trong nhilu hoan cdnh khd khan, ke ca khi bi ngan can.
Dao Tin ldnh cdn la mdt tdn gido cd dudng hudng hdnh dao va phuong thue hoat ddng nang ddng, ddi mod va thieh nghi tir hinb thuc din ndi dung d l phu hpp vdi boan canh xa hdi.
Dac biet, dao Tm lanh ludn chu trpng d i n viec
tinyln giao, tham gia ticb cue vao cdc boat ddng xa bdi, nbat la linh vuc tii tiiien nhdn dao, coi do la phuang cham bdnh dao va eung la phuong tien va dilu kiln d l tmyIn giao. Dilu nay lam cho dao Tin lanh cd khd nang tiep can vdi nhiing till ehe chinb tti kbac nhau, van hda cdc tdc ngudi khde nhau. Nhiing lpi t h i vira n i u giup dao Tm lanh thu but duoc nhieu tin do hon so vdi Cdng gido va Phat giao d Tdy Bdc va Tay Nguyen thdd gian gan ddy.
Ve viec mdt bd phan ddng bao dan tdc tbieu so, nhat la nguoi Mdng theo dao Tin linh thdi gian viia qua.
Ly gidi vdn d l nay cdn chu y din su tap hpp cac nguyin nhdn ttong eung mot thdd gian. Dd la: (1) su suy yeu ciia eae tMet e b i xa bdi tmyen thdng, su khung hoang eua van hda ttuyen thdng vdi nhting bu tuc tao ra khoang ttong ve tdm linh can bu ddp; (2) ttlnh dp dan tti thap eiia mpt sd cpng ddng dan tpc tMeu sd, nhdt Id vao thdp nien 1980 -1990; (3) he thdng chinh tri d ca sd cdn nMiu yeu kem, su suy giam mem tin vao cbinh quyen vd c h l dp sau su tan ra cita Uln Xd vd he thdng XHCN; (4) dao Tui Idnb kbai tiidc Ipi the cua mot tdn giao cai each, cd nhiing diem tien bp ve dao diic vd ldi sdng gdn vdi xa hdi. Cdc nguyen nhdn nay eung bdi tu ttong mpt thdi diem, tao ra mdi trudng thuan lpi ebo vile tmyen dao va theo dao Tki lanb, ddy la dilu ma d cdc giai doan ttudc dd kbdng ed hoac khdng du.
Viec mat uy tin ciia tin ngudng tmyen tbong vi nhieu hu tuc nang n l va ton kem tao ra khoang trdng ve tdm linh the hien rd d vung ddng bdo ddn tdc tMeu sd theo dao Tin lanh cde khu vuc Tdy Bac va Tay Nguyen. Ddi vdi ngudd Kmh, dao Tin lanb khd phat tnen tin dd, vi ddi sdng tdn gido tmyIn thdng cua ngudi Kinh thudng gdn vdi hoac chiu anh budng manh tir tam giao, nhat la Phdt gido, tao ra sy dn dinh, it
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CO khoang ttdng tam hnh de dao Thi lanh ed ca hpi tmyIn giao, pbat trien tin dd.
Visuda dang to chiic vi he phai Tin lanh.
Su phan cMa da dang v l td cbiic va be phdi la mpt dac dilm ndi trdi cua dao Tin ldnh. Tren the gidi hien cd khoang 300 he phdi vd hdng nghin td chiic Tin lanh kbac nhau. Su da dang vl td chiie va he phdi cua dao Tin ldnh cdng cd ca hpi phdt triin ttong nhiing mdi trudng xa hdi nhat dinh, theo hudng phdn tan de tdn tai, phan tdn de md rpng. 0 Viet Nam, mdt giai doan kha dai sau ndm 1975, chinh quyen khdng cdng nhdn v l td chiic cita dao Thi lanh, eiing nhu chdm giai quyit vdn de dao Tin lanh d Tdy Nguyen vd Tdy Bac, dan din viec edc td ehiie Tm lar± phan tan hoat ddng td chiic d l duy tri sinh boat tdn giao. Tir kM tbuc hien Phap lenh Tin ngudng, tdn giao ndm 2004, nhdt Id sau kM ban banh CM tiii sd Ol/CT-TTg nam 2005 cua Tbu tudng Ve mdt so cdng tic ddi vm dao Tin lanh, danh dau budc ehuyen trong qua trinh nhin nhan su tdn tai va binh thudng hda hoat ddng cita dao Tm lanh, tM su phdn tan cac td chiic va diem nhdm Tin lanh giam rd ret,
Ve mdi quan he gida Tin lanh vdi van hda.
Cling nhu cae tdn gido kbdc, mdi quan he giiia dao Tm ldnh vdi van hda the Men qua ba khia canh; til ban than dao Tin lanb la van hda; (2) dao Tin lanh Idmditrudngluugiiivdn hda; (3) daoTm lanh la mdi trudng giao luu, tilp bien van hda.
Vdi ddc trung vl diie tin, sdng dao, giu dao cimg mpt sd tap qudn, ldi sdng n i n khi tmyen gido din Tay Nguyen va Tay Bdc, cung nhu nhung vimg miin kbdc, dao Tm lanh cd nhung va cham, tham cW xung dot vdi van hda tmyIn thdng ban dia. Ngudi dieo dao Tin lanh vdi viee d l cao diic tin, cM tiidTMln Chua da phii nhan vile thd than linh, phii nhan eac ngM ll ttong quan hdn, tang tera cac lebdi tiiiyln thdng; lara thay ddi cac radi quanhltmyenthdngttong gia dinh vdxd hdi, da
"ha be" cae gia ldng, trudng ban, tmdng tdc - nhiing ngudd cd uy tin ttong cdng ddng tiriyln tiidng. Nhiing dieu ndy tao ra su khac biet giiia dao Tin lartii va tin ngudng tmyIn thdng, gay khdng It bat dn ttong quan h i xa hdi.
Nbung va cham, xung dot ndi tten tiiudng xdy ra d giai doan ddu tmyIn gido, cdng tiiem tam ly cue doan nhat thdd khd phd bien cua nbung ngudd
"bd edi nay theo eai kia". Cimg vdi thdi gian, cac man thudn, xung dot giam di, cdc mdi quan he giiia Tui ldnh vdi vdn hda tmyIn thdng dan dan ttd lai binh thudng. Thuc ra, dao Tin lanh cM kbdc biet vl diic tin - thd duy nhat TMen Chua so vdi tin ngudng tmyIn thdng - thd nMiu vi tbdn hnh khac nhau, Su kbac biet nay keo theo mdt sd phongtLie,tapquanhenquan,Dovay,kbdngnen vi su khac biet ndy rad ddy din su khac biet toan bp vl van hda d l pbii nhdn nbiing mat ti'ch ctic vl dao dik, ldi sdng ciia dao Tin lanh, tieu bieu nhiE khuyen kMch tin do song tilt kiem, cham cM lao dpng, ham mudn ldm gidu, tich cue hoat dpng tir thien xa hpi, hoan thanh ttdeh rtiiiem cdng dan, tu bd nhirng tbdi quen xau.
Can ndi them, dao Tm lanh tmyen vdo nudc ta kha mudn, tnrdc day it d l lai dau an ticb ciic ttong qua trinh tdn tai va phdt triin. Den khi dao Tin lanh phdt triin manh me tiii do ddc thu ve diic tin va sdng dao da tao ra nhiing xung ddt vl van hda, ddn den ttong mdt tiidi gian nhat dinh, nhdn tiiiic cita ehinh quyin ve dao Tm ldnh chu yeu la tiiu cue, tii do ling xir vdi dao Tin ldnh ed nhung dilu chua tiJong ddng vdd cae tdn gido khac.
Vimdi quan he gida Tin lanh vdi chinh tri.
Do dac diem qud trinh ra dot, dao Tm lanh da phai ttd gia ttong "cupe dp sue dam radu" mang tinh chat cbinh tri vdi giai cap phong kien va Gido triiu Roma. Sau nay, dao Tin ldnh pbdt triin d cdc nude tu san vdd nguyen tae tdch rod chinh tti vd tdn giao (cMnh giao phan ly). Do vdy, hau bet cdc
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DIINDANtd chiic va he phai Tin lanh diu tuyin bd khdng lam chinh tri md tap tiimg tmyen gido. Tuy nMen, tten thtic tl, khdng it ngudi theo dao Tin ldnh vdt til cdch cd nban hen ddi den chinh tri. 6 Viet Nam, sau nam 1975, mot sd cbiic sde dao Tin lanb a Tdy Nguyen nghe theo td cbtic phan ddng FULRO chdng lai cbinh quyin. Gdn ddy, vao nam 2001 vd nam 2004, mdt sd tin dd dao Tin lanh, chu yeu Id nhiing ngudi mdi theo dao, da tham gia cdc cupc bao loan dTdy Nguyen.
Dilu dang gM nhdn Id thdi dp tich circ ciia cae td chiic Tin ldnh trude nhiing vudng mac ndi tren. Khi xdy ra bao loan d Tay Nguyen nam 2001, Hdi tbanb Tm lanh Viet Nam (mien Nam) td thai dp rd rdng va dut khoat doi vdi td cbuc FULRO. Ngay sau kM dupc Nhd nudc cdng nban tu each phdp nhan, Hdi thanh Tin lanh Viet Nam (mien Nam) da cd van ban do Mue su Hpi trudng Pham Xuan Thiiu ky ban banh ngay 5-4- 2001, trong dd cd doan: "Trong niem vm cua Giao hdi dang ddng cao, tbi Ban Tri suTdng Lien hdi nhat tri luu y toan the Hdi thanh, dac biet la Hdi thdnh tai khdp vung Tay Nguyin, phdi hit siic eanb gidc va cd thai dp tir chdi that diit khodt vdi bat cii ngudi ndo, bat eir td chiie nao tu xung la Tin ldnh De Ga. Ban Tri su Tdng Lien bdi khdng dinh, trong Hdi thanh Tin lanb Viet Nam (miin Nam) khdng h i cd rapt td ehue ndo la Tin lanb Dl Ga cd. Vi vay, bat cti ai din vdi Hdi thanh ma kbdng qua Ban Tri su Tdng Lien hdi Hdi thdnh Tin ldnh Viet Nam (miin Nam) va ndi nhirng dieu gi khdng phii hop vdi id chiic va tin ly cua Hdi thdnh Tin lanh Viet Nam [mien Nam) deu Id nbiing ngudd co y do chia re, gay mat doan kit va tao su rdi loan cho td cbiic giao hdi vd su binh an cua xahpi"'''.
Tuong tu nhu Hdi tbanb Tin lanh Viet Nam (miin Nam), Hpi thdnh Tin lanb Viet Nam (miin Bdc) eung bay td tiidi dp ngay sau kM rapt
bd phdn ddng bdo Mdng tiieo dao Tin lanb tap hop d Mudng Nhe (Dien Biln) thang 5-2011 de
"ddn ngdy Chua tdi lam" (mang tinh chat xung vua vd ddn vua), rdng; "Chung tdi coi vile mot nhdra ngudi da td chuc d xa Muong Tong, huyen Mudng Nhe, tinb Dien Bien ve "ngay Chiia tai lam" va "ngdy Chua phdn xet tiie gian"
la khdng hodn todn diing vdi Kinh Thanh, tim vai niem tui cbinh tiidng, dd Id ta giao can phdi dupc chdn chmh kip tiidt, de nhung ngudd tiieo td dao sdm nhdn ra su sai lam Idn nay, md dn ndnvdiChua"'^'.
Tbdi gian gdn ddy, khi dupc Nba nudc cdng nhan tu each phap nhan, cde td cbuc Tin lanh diu d l ra dudng hudng hanh dao dua tten ba tiu cdt; Thien Chua - Dan tdc - Pbap luat, dd la dieu dang dupe ttan ttpng vd khich ll •
(1) Sd lieu tdng hpp tiiBan Tdn giao Chinb phu va Ban Dan van Trung uong qua cac thdi ky.
(2) So lieu khai trinh cua cac td chiic Tin lanh nam 2015, tai heu luu tru tai Ban Tdn giao Chinh phu.
Ha Noi.
(3), (5), (6) Ban Dan van Tmng uong: Sdlieu tiidng k^ Tin lanh (tinh din diang 3 nam 2017) - Pbu luc sd 10, Ha Npi, 2017.
(4) Nguyin Thanh Xuan: Budc dau tim biiu dao Tin lanh tren tiii gidi va a Viet Nam, Nxb Tdn giao, Ha Ndi, 2002, tt.430.
(7) Hpi tiianh Tin lanh Vifet Nam (mien Nam): Thu gin toan the muc su, truyen dao va tin buu Hoi tiianb Tin lanh VietNam (midn Nam), tai lieu luu uu tai Ban Tdn giao Chinhphu, HaNoi, 2001.
(8) Hpi thanh Tin lanh Viet Nam (mien Bdc) Thdng bao gui cac Hdi nhanh true thuoc Hoi thanh Tin lanh Viet Nam (mien Bic), tai lieu luu tru tai Ban Tdn giao Chinh phu, Ha Not, 2011.
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