Quach Thj Hue, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhicng cdi cdch kinh ti..
Nhu-ng cai each kinh te tieu bieu cua Chinh quyen Modi
Quach Thi Hue*, Nguyin Thi Hodi Thu**
* Vien Quan he Quoc ti - Hoe vien Chinh In qudc gia Hd chi Minh.
**Vien Ldnh dgo hoc vd Chinh sdch cdng - Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Hd chi Mmh Ngdy nhgn bdi: 23/10/2018, ngdygdiphdn bien: 24/10/2018, ngdy duyel ddng: 30/11/2018
r
ic khi dng N.Modi trd thdnh Thu tuang An Do (2004), nguai ddn An Dd hi vong Ong se mang lai nhiing thay ddi lan, dgc Met Id ve kinh te nhu dng dd timg ldm dugc cho bang Gujarat (hdng qua "md hinh Gujarat". Tren thue te, cdc quyet sdch dem lgi sic thinh vugng vd phdn vinh cho ngudi ddn Gujarat dd trd thdnh nen tdng eho chinh sdch kinh te dia N.Modi. Vai ehinh sdch ndy. Modi ket hap vd cdn bdng giica nhicng cdi cdch todn dien vi kinh le vd nhiing cdi cdch sdu rdng vi qudn tri hay cdch thicc dieu hdnh, qudn ly nhd nudc trong diiu kien vd tinh hinh mdt Bdi viet de cap tdi nhiing cdi cdch kinh ti tieu bieu vd nhicng thdnh qud md chinh quyen Modi da dgt dugc, xu hicdngphdi trien kinh te An Do trong thdi gian tdi vd khuyen nglv hgp tdc kinh ti Viet Nam - An DdTir khda: An Dp, Chinh sach, cai each kinh te. Modi M d d a u
Nhirng cai each kinh te thdi Thii tudng Modi tap trung trudc hit vao linh vyc tai chinh dac biet la tiep can ngan hang va tai ^ninh;
Chinh sach tien te mdi; Co cau thue (dac biet la ca cau thong nhat ddi vdi Thul hang hda va Dich vu (GST); Khuyin khich thuang mai, dich vu dac biet la thuang mai dien tir; Thiic day dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai; Hgp tac kinh te quoc te, Dau tu ca sd vat chSt co ban; Do thi hda, Chinh sach ve bat ddng san; Nang lugng sach...
Trong chuong trinh phat triln, cac sang kien luon dugc chii trpng d l thyc hien. Cd thi ke den sang kiln "San xuat tai An Dp", "An Dp ky thuat sd", "Ky nang An Dp", "An Do sach", "Thuong hieu An D o " (Brand India) va
"Ke hoach 5T", bao gom nhan tai (Talents), thuang mai (Trade), cdng nghe (Technology),
du lich (Tourism) va truyen thdng (Tradition).
1. Kinh te An Do thoi ki trirdc Modi
"' cupc khao sat tinh trang nen kinh te An Dp trudc khi dng Modi len nam quyen cho thay: Sau klii dat dupc muc tang trudng tren 9% trong ba nam lien tiep a giai doan 2005 - 2006 va 2007 - 2008 va phuc hoi nlianli chong tir cupc khung hoang tai chinh toan cku 2008 - 2009, nen kinh te An Do da trai qua so Ian thir thach Ien tdi dinh diem. Tham hut tai chi'nh theo ty trgng GDP ciing giam ttong nam thii hai lien tiep theo lap trudng chinh sach trung han da dugc cdng bd. Tuy nhien, vice kiem duyet lam phat se giup giam bdt lap trudng chinh sach tien te va lam sdng lai niem tin cho cac nha dau tu. Va dac biet, trong bdi canh kinh te toan cau dang cd nhiing thay doi dudi tac dpng ciia cue dien the gidi mdi va su dieu chinh chien luge toan cau ciia cac nudc Idn, nen kinh te An Dp
Nghien ciru An Dp va Chau A. S6 12 - 2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh te...
cd nhieu co hdi de phat triln va khing dinh vi the cudng qudc kinh te ttong khu vyc ciing nhu tten trudng qudc te ttong thdi gian tdi.
2. Nhung chinh sach kinh te cua Chinh quyen Modi
Thu tudng Modi dac biet coi ttpng viec phat trien nhiing ITnh vuc kinh te chit chot vi sy tang trudng toan dien ciia nen kinh tl An Do.
Modi xac dinh nhung uu tien hang dau cho phuc hoi kinh te, thiic day tang trudng, bao ve moi trudng va tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho doanh nghiep phat trien. Chinh phii cua dng da dua ra khau hieu "quan tri tdi thieu va hieu qua toi da"
nham thyc hien cac cai each co ban de duy tri dgng lyc thiic day phat trien kinh te, nang cao chat lugng ddi sdng nhan dan va khang dinh vi the dat nudc ttong khu vuc va tten thi gidi.
Nhimg chinh sach cai each kinh te ttong nudc dien hinh cd the ke den cac linh vyc sau:
Ca chi tdi chinh, tien te mdi Chinh phu Modi thyc hien ke hoach Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY - Ke hoach tien te nhan dan) nhu la Sii menh Quoc gia ve Tai chinh nham md rgng va tiep can vdi cac dich vu tai chinh. Theo PMJDY, m6i ngudi dan cd the md tai khoan rieng tai bat ky chi nhanh nao ciia ngan hang hoac tai cac Doanh nghiep (la khach hang ciia Ngan hang) vdi so du bang 0. Do dd, ngay cang cd nhieu ngudi dugc dua vao mang ludi ngan hang va thuan lgi de cung cap trg cap cho ngudi dan, tryc tiep qua tai khoan ca nhan cua hg'. Mac dii viec thanh toan trg cap thdng qua cac ngan hang da dupc bat dau ngay tir thdi chinh phu UFA trudc thdi Modi nhung cdn thieu chi tiet tai khoan ngan hang. Ke tir dau nam 2013, da
cd 245.000 ngudi tren 20 huyen d An Dp bat dau nhan luemg huu va tien hgc bdng chuyen tryc tiep vao tai khoan ngan hang ciia hp, thay vi phai dpi de nhan tien tir buu dien hoac can bd ngan hang. Cac quan chiic cho biet khi thyc hien thanh toan theo each thiic nay se giup tiet kiem len den gan 58 ty USD mdt nam va han che dugc tham nhiing ciing nhu nhimg tieu cue do thanh toan theo phucmg thiic trudc day. Dd la mot vai lgi ich ciia ke hoach PMJDY. Ngoai ra, PMJDY cdn cung cap cho l§i suat tien giii Cling nhu bao hiem tai nan ng^u nhien khoang 0,1 trieu rupee (Rs) An Dp^.
Thay ddi ve Tiin ti: Thii tudng Modi da thuc hien mgt quyet djnh gay chan dgng khi ong tuyen bo rang ddng tien menh gia 500 Rs va 1000 Rs se khdng cdn la ddng tiep phap dinh tinh tir ngay 09/11 ttd di. Cac ddng tien cd menh gia cii CO the dugc doi cho den ngay 31/12/2016.
Theo bao cao RBI vao ngay 31/3/2016, menh gia tien giay 500 Rs va 1000 Rs bao gdm khoang 86% tong luu thdng tien mat cd gia tri la 15.44 lakh crore Rs (lakh = 100,000; crore - 1,000,000). Trong qua trinh nay, 97% menh gia cii khoang 14,97 lakh crore Rs da dugc giri vao ngan hang trudc ngay 31/12/2016^.
Ca cau Thue
Trong bai phat bieu trinh bay ngan sach 2018 - 2019 d Ldc-Sa-bha (Lok Sabha), Bg trudng Arun Jaitley da dua ra mdt so cac quy dinh nham hd trg cho cac doanh nghiep phat trien. Theo dd, cac cdng ty da bao cao doanh thu Ien den 250 crore Rs ttong nam tai chinh 2016 - 2017 se dugc giam thul suit 25%. Viec md rdng lgi ich nay se giiip ich cho toan bg doanh nghiep vira va nhd (chiem 99% sd doanh
' Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).
^ VGA News (2013).
3RakeshJangid(2017).
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 12 - 2018, tt.8-15
Quach Thi Hu?, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh te..
nghiep) khai thul va udc tinh doanh thu se khoang 7000 crore Rs trong nam tai chinh 2018 - 2019. Chinh phii da giam thul doanh nghiep tir 30% xudng 25% ttong ngan sach cua Lien minh 2017 - 2018 cho cac cdng ty cd doanh thu 50 crore Rs ttong nam tai chinh 2016-2016 .
vi thui hdng hoa dich vu (GST): Thu tudng Modi quylt dinh thay thi he thdng thue chdng cheo, phiic tap hien hanh bang mdt he thdng thue ddng bd tten quy md qudc gia, tao CO sd hinh thanh mdt thi trudng An Do thong nhat. Trudc hit la cai thien ke hoach tai chinh, md rgng quan ly thue va hgp ly hda cau tnic thul. K I hoach tai co cau phai dugc thuc hien ca hai hinh thiic thu thul true tiep va thu thue gian tilp. Ben canh dd, ap dung bat buoc sd nhan dang duy nhat Aadhar doi vdi tai khoan ngan hang va cdng thanh toan thue de ttanh trudng hgp ngudi Igi dyng hai sd Aadhar de giam hoac trdn thue.
- Thuang mgi
Xudt nhdp khdu: Thang 12/2017, Chinh phii Modi da cdng bd khoan uu dai bo sung tri gia 8.450 crore Rs mdi nam de thiic day xuat khau hang hda va dich vy nhu mdt phan ttong chinh sach ngoai thuong (FTP) giai doan 2015 - 2020, tap trung chii yeu vao cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd (MSME) va cac nganh tham dung lao dpng de thiic day tao viec lam. Nhimg nguon Ipi tucmg iing vdi miic tang 34% hang nam tir trudc dd, nhd hinh thiic tang cudng cac khoan tin dung thue theo hai chuong trinh xudt khau hang dau la - Chuang trinh xuSt khiu hang hda tir An Do (MEIS) va Chuong trinh xudt khiu Dich vu tir An Do (SEIS).
Trong chuang trinh xiic tien xuat khdu hang hda quan trpng nhat MEIS, chmh phu da
cung cap cac khoan tin dung thue xuat khau d miic 2%, 3% hoac 5% kim ngach xuat khau.
Cac miic nay tuy thudc vao san pham va diem den cua hang hda. Doanh thu tiem nang udc tinh khoang 22.000-23.500 crore Rs m6i nam.
D I giam bdt khd khan cho cac nha xuat khau, cac thil tuc hoan thue se dugc thyc hien nhanh chdng. Sd thue vu cho biet sd lugng yeu cau hoan thue IGST dugc nop thdng qua cac hoa don giao hang tir thang 7 den thang 10, khoang 6,500 crore Rs va sd lugng hoan tra tin dung chua su dyng doi vdi dau vao hoac dich vu dau vao, theo don dang ky RFD 01A dugc nop tren cdng thdng tin GSTN la khoang 30 crore Rs^.
Thuang mai diin tu: Thu tudng Modi dang xem xet cac de xuat ve bien phap thiic day thuang mai dien tii. Trong Dy thao khung chinh sach qudc gia bao gdm luu trii dir lieu cue bg, bat budc su dyng mang thanh toan the npi dia RuPay cho cac giao dich tryc tuyen va tang cudng sy tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep nho va vtra ttong ban le tryc tuyen. Nganh cong nghiep thucmg mai dien tir se cd thdi gian de "dieu chinh trudc khi ndi dia hoa ttd thanh bat budc".
Dy thao chinh sach cho biet: "Chinh phu se c6 quyen truy cap vao cac dii Ueu dugc luu trii d An Do vi muc tieu an ninh quoc gia va chinh sach cdng theo cac quy tac Uen quan den quyen rieng tu va sy thda thuan"^.
- Bat dpng sdn
Bat ddng san la mdt trong nhiing nganh miii nhgn cua nen kinh te, ddng gop quan trpng vao sy tang trudng toan dien cua dat nudc vdi 8,53% tdng GDP. Nganh Bat ddng san cd dac tinh rat co ban la cac quyen va nghia vy ciia nganh nay Hen quan den cac giao dich cua
* The Economic Times (2011
^Financial Express (2017).
* The Week (2018).
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 12-2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhirng cdi cdch kinh ti..
nganh khac. Do dd, Chinh phii rat quan tam den cac chinh sach va quy dinh cua nganh nay. Dieu dd dan den su chuyen ddi phap ly dudi hinh thiic Luat Bdt dgng san (Quy chi va Phat triln), 201 (P da dugc Chinh phu thuc hien.
Theo udc tinh, vao nam 2028, nganh bdt ddng san se ddng gdp vao GDP cua An Do tang len khoang 13%. Viec tang san xuat cdng nghiep, cai thien miic thu nhap va dd thi hda da ho trg tang ty trpng bat ddng san trong GDP. Sy tang trudng ciia nganh bat dpng san dugc thiic day cung nhd vao nin kinh te dang phat trien va cac chinh sach hd trp cua chinh phu. Cu the la, chinh phu cd ke hoach xdy dyng 100 thanh phd thdng minh.
Dai du an nay nham giam dp lyc ddn so di cu den cac thanh phd ldn va cac thanh pho dang phat trien khac. Chinh phu Modi cdn dua ra cac sang kien ve cac chinh sach va cac chuong trinh phat trien do thi khac nhau. Vi dy nhu ke hoach ddi mdi do thi qu6c gia Jawaharlal Nehru - JNNURM, Ludt mua lai dat; Nha d gia ca phai chang; De dang trong tai chinh nha d; Md rdng pham vi thi trudng bat ddng san, thay ddi Quy che FDI... Cac sang kien va cac chinh sach nay dugc ki vpng se gop phdn lam cho qua trinh dd thi hda nang cao. Ben canh dd, do thi hda va tang thu nhap hd gia dinh dang thiic ddy nhu cdu ve bat dgng san va ITnh vyc ban le tang nhanh^. Tu nhiing danh gia tren, Qudc hdi An Dp da ban hanh Luat Bat ddng san (Quy dinh va Phat trien), nham bao ve quyen va
' Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), July 2017, The Institute Of Company Secretaries Of India,New Delhi, p.iii.
* Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), July 2017, The Institute Of Company Secretaries Of India, New Delhi, p.2.
lgi ich cua ngudi tieu diing va thiic day tinh ddng nhat ciing nhu tieu chuan hda cac hoat ddng kinh doanh va giao dich trong ITnh vuc bat ddng san^.
Tdng ddu ttr cho nong nghiip Thu tudng Narendra Modi rat chu trgng den ling dyng khoa hgc ky thuat trong nong nghiep va coi nhiem vy dua khoa hgc ky thuat "tir phdng thi nghiem ra ddng rudng"
(Lab to land) la yeu td then chdt de phat trien nganh ndng nghiep. Hai cugc cax:h mang
"Cach mang Xanh" va "Cach mang Trang"
mdi dugc phat dgng la vi du dien hinh cho quan diem nay. Them vao do, he thdng thiiy lgi dugc hd ttg phat ttien, dat ndng nghiep dugc quy hoach lai va phi tap trung hoa he thdng kho tang. Ndng dan tiep tuc dupc trp gia phan bdn va he thdng dudng sat dugc dua vao hd trp phat trien ndng nghiep.
Nganh chan nudi dugc co cdu lai, tap chung phat ttien manh cac dan gia sue, dac biet la gia sue giup tang san lugng sHa. Khoa hpc dugc img dung vao chan nuoi nhieu hon va vdn de xdy dyng he thdng ho trg cham sdc va dam bao siic khde dan gia siic dugc quan tam diing miic hon.
3. Nhung chinh sach' kinh te doi ngoai cua Chinh quyen Modi
Chinh phii An Do dat muc tieu thu hiit va thiic day FDI de bd sung ngudn vdn, tang cudng cdng nghe va ky nang nham thiic ddy tang trudng kinh te qudc gia. Trong Thdng tu ve chinh sach FDI hgp nhdt, Chinh phii da dua ra mdt khung chinh sach minh bach, d^ doan dinh va de hieu. Khung chinh sach nay dy kien se dugc cap nhat hang nam de nam bdt va theo
^Nhirs6 09.
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. So 12 - 2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh te ..
kip vdi nhiing thay doi ve quy dinh. Bd Chinh sach va Xiic tiin Cdng nghiep (DIPP), Bd Thuang mai & Cdng nghiep, Chinh phu An Do da dua ra tuyen bd chinh sach FDI thdng qua thdng cao Bao chi. Chi'nh sach nay dupc Ngdn hang Dy trii An Dp thdng bao sua doi cac Quy dinh Quan ly Ngoai hoi (thong bao sd FEMA 20/2000-RB ngay 3/5/2000). Cac thdng bao nay cd hieii lyc ke tir ngay Thdng cao bao chi"^.
FDI d An Dp dy kiln se tang trudng dang ke sau khi cac sang kien gan ddy ciia Chinh phii An Dp (GOI) dugc dua vao thuc hien, bao gdm cac cai each lien quan den Thue va Hang hda (GST), ban hanh va thyc thi Luat pha san va va np (IBC), cai each kinh doanh va tao dieu kien kinh doanh d l dang cho cac nganh khac. Cd rat nhieu ITnh vuc dau tu cho cac nha ddu tu nudc ngoai lya chgn ma khdng cd bat ky han che n a o " . Vdi nhung chinh sach cai each nay. An Dp Ian ddu tien Ipt vao top 100 quoc gia "De Kinh doanh" trong bang xep hang toan cau cua Ngdn hang The gidi va la I trong 10 qu^" gia cai tien hang dau ttong danh gia nam 2017.
Chinh sach FDI nam 2018 sap tdi tao them co hpi ldn khac de tang cudng hom nQa niem tin ciia cho cac nha dau tu'^.
FDI ciia An Do tang 8,6 ty USD trong thang 3/2018, so vdi miic tang 6,0 ty USD ttong quy trudc. Cac du: Ueu dat mirc cao nhdt mpi thdi dai 14,7 ty USD ttong thang 9/2017 va miic thdp ky Iuc 7,0 trieu USD vao thang 6/1991. FDI trudc quy 2/2009 dua tren BPM5.
Trong bao cao mdi nhdt cua An Do, tai khoan vang lai ghi nhan miic thdm hut 13,0 ty USD '" Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India Consolidated FDI Policy (August 28, 2017).
"First Post (2018).
'=Nhus6 09.
vao thang 3/2018. FDI cua An Do d nudc ngoai da tang 2,2 ty USD vao thang 3/2018. Ddu tu vao danh muc ddu tu nudc ngoai tang 2,4 ty USD vao thang 3/2018. GDP tren danli nghia ddt nudc dupc bao cao d miic 704,3 ty USD vao thang 3/2018^3.
Ngoai ra, neu nhin vao su tang trudng ve dlu tu cd phan va theo dii lieu dupc Sd Chinh sach va Quy hoach cung cap, cho thay xu hudng gia tang dang ke ttong dau tu von co phan. Ddu tu cd phan cd bieu hien nhay vot va b^t ddu hinh thanh nam 2014 khoang 6 ty USD. Hien tai, dir lieu tiep theo cd the cao hon va chi xac dinh ro vao cudi nam 2019 khi du lieu da dugc xac nhan va hien thyc se dupc cung cdp cho DIPP.
4. Nh^n dinh xu h u o n g kinh te An Bo trong thdi gian tdi
4.1. C&hgi
- An Dp sd hiiu nhieu dieu kien thudn lgi cho phat trien kinh te. Quoc gia Nam A nay co nguon ; .J dpng tre ddi dao, tri thirc cao, pho thdng tieng anh va diing thii hai the gidi ve lugng ngudi sir dung internet, khoa hpc cong nghe phat trien manh. T .ig bdi canh cugc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 dang dien ra, day la nhiing dieu kien tien quyet de giiip An Dp la tam diem va nam bat thdi co dua nen kinh te dat nudc vuan len ddn dau khu vuc va the gidi.
- An Do la nudc cd dien tich ldn nhdt Nam A, nam d vi tri dia chinh tri, dia kinh te quan trgng, ndi lien tir Ddng sang Tdy. Cimg vol dudng ldi chinh sach ngoai giao va phat trien kinh te hgp Iy, An Dp nhanh chong la d6i tac thuang mai ciia cac nen kinh te Idn nhdt the '^ The Wire (2018).
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A, So 12-2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh te..
gidi nhu My, Lien minh Chdu Au, ASEAN, Nhat Ban, Trung qudc ...
- An Dp la qudc gia tieu bieu ttong Phong ttao khdng lien ket, nen nudc nay duy tri dupc nen chinh tri dn hda vdi cac qudc gia khac dac biet la ddi vdi cac nudc nam trong khu vuc nhay cam nhu Chau Phi, Trung Ddng, Nam My va Nam A. Trong bdi canh cue dien t h i gidi dang cd nhiing bien ddng phiic tap, de dga an ninh khu vuc va the gidi nhu hien nay, An Dp de dang md ra co hdi hgp tac phdt trien da ITnh vyc dac biet la phat trien kinh te vdi tat ca cac qudc gia. Tren co sd dd, khang dinh uy tin, tam nhin cua An Dp tren trudng qudc te.
4.2. Thdch thirc
Thii nhdt, ttong cdng cupc khdi phuc va phat trien nen kinh te dat nudc, thach thiic ldn nhdt ma chinh quyen Modi dang phai doi mat la cac khoan no xdu va cac tai san khdng the chi tra (NPA) cua cac td chuc tai chlrih va ngdn hang. Giai phap la hpp nhat tai san ngan hang va tham chi sap rihap cac ngdn hang de tang trudng kinh te ttong tuomg lai ciing nhu giam ty le NPA, tir dd tang kha nang hoat dpng ciia cac to chlic tai chinh nay.
Thii hai, chu ky kinh doanh tai cac thi trudng mdi ndi nhu An Dp khac vdi cac chu k^
kinh doanh da phat trien (theo hai nha kinh te hpc Gita Gopinath va Mark Aguiar ciia Dai hgc Harvard). Chinh sach kinh te vT md cua An Do ludn phirc tap khi gia ddu the gidi tang manh.
Nen kinh te ttong nam 2018 do dd se rdt khac so vdi nam 2017. Va tat ca dieu nay xay ra khi : tang trudng tiem nang cd the giam xuong miic thap nhat la 6,7% (theo udc tinh gan day cua ca : quan xep hang tin dung Fitch)''^.
4.3. Xu hud'ng phdt trien cda nen kinh te An Dp
Theo danh gia cua Ong Ranil Salgado, ngudi diing dau nhom IMF, An Do dang tren mot quy dao tang trudng kinh te manh nhd nhiing chinh sach cai each kinh te quan trpng gdn ddy cua chinh phu. An Dp ky vgng nen kinh te se dat tang trudng tir 6,7% len 7,3% cho nam tai chinh 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 1 9 . Ngan hang The gidi da du bao rang se tang khoang 7,3% trong nam tai khda 2018/2019 (ngay 1/4/2018-ngay 31/3/2019) va 7,5% trong nam 2019/2020. Dilu nay se bien An Dp trd thanh qudc gia phat ttien nhanh nhdt ttong sd cac nen kinh te mdi noi.
Tang trudng dupc du doan nay phan anh muc tieu diing ca nhan manh me va tang cudng ddu tu (bao cao Trien vgng kinh te toan cau cua Ngan hang 6/2018). Bao cao ndi rang tang trudng d Nam A dugc dy bao se tang len 6,9%
ttong nam 2018 va 7,1% trong nam 2019'^
Mdt trong nhimg vdn de quan trgng khac ma An Do can thyc hien la tang cudng quan trj ttong cac ngdn hang khu vyc cdng de ho trg quan ly ITnh vyc tai chinh. Trudc la tang cudng chdt lugng hoat dgng va tinh dgc lap cua cac bd phan ttong cac ngan hang bao gdm ca tu nhan hda.
Tiep do, no lyc cai thien nang luc, tien tdi hdi nhap vdi thi trudng tai chinh toan cau.
An Dp cdn tiep tuc phat huy nhiing dieu kien thuan Igi ve vi tri, ngudn Iuc, khoa hgc cong nghe... va tdm anh hudng cua minh d l phat triln kmh te. Hon the niia, Chinh phii Modi tich cue tang cudng cac hoat ddng doi ngoai, ngoai giao kinh te va an ninh, chinh tri, timg budc khang dinh siic manh ttong khu vyc va the gidi.
'^ The Economic Times (2018) '"'Livemint(2018).
NghJen ciiu An Do va Chau A. S6 12 - 2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyen Thj Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh ti...
4.4. Hop tdc kinh ti Viet Nam - An Bg Quan he hiiu nghi tmyen thong Viet Nam - An Dp da dugc Chii tich Hd Chi Minh va Thii tudng Jawaharlal Nehm dat nen mdng, cac the he lanh dao va nhan ddn liai nudc day cong vun dap.
Ngay nay, An Do va Viet Nam la hai nin kinh te phat triln nhanh nhat Nam A va Ddng Nam A. Hai qudc gia nay cung da dam phan cac dieu khoan thuong mai theo sang kiln RCEP va bay td mong muon cimg hpp tac \d sy phat trien chung.
Cd mudi Iihh vyc chinh cdn tham gia va hgp tac giiia hai nudc bao gdm che bien thep tdm, dugc pham, giao due va kien thiic ca sd, cdng nghiep phdn mem, thuang mai dien tu, phan bdn, tai chinh, san xuat dien anh, thiet ke va che tao va telemedicine (y hpc tii xa). Ngoai ra, cdn cd det may vi An Dp cd ngudn nguyen lieu det may phong phii ttong khi Viet Nam la nudc xuat khau cac san phdm det may hang ddu the gidi. Hai nudc hoan toan cd the hgp tac tren tinh thdn "win-win"
(cimg chien thang), qua dd giam sy phu thuoc nguyen lieu det may ciia Viet Nam tai thi trudng Trung Quoc. Ben canh do, Viet Nam va An Dp cd the hop tac ve cdng nghe tucmg lai (cong nghe nano va vi ve tinh), hai nudc cd the chia se khoa hpc chuyen mon va hgp tac de tao ra dgi ngii ky thudt vien gioi ttong tuang lai.
Thu tudng Modi da va dang thiic ddy hpp tac phat trien cdng nghe va khoa hpc giiia An Dp va ASEAN. Sy hgp tac nay co thi dugc thyc hien tten cac ITnh vuc nhu bao tdn nang lugng, quan ly chat thai va xdy dung he thdng cac thanh phi thdng minh (Smart Cities). Trong thyc tl, sy phat
trien cua cac thanh phd thdng mmh va ludi dien https://www.pmjdy.goy.in/scheme, ngay tmy cap thdng minh se dua hai nudc Viet Nam va An Do 10/10/2018.
tien nhanh va xa hon nhilu so vcri khu vyc trong ^- VOANews(2013),/rai/ai;ep/ace.y5'uZ?5/(://«
tuong lai. .^'' ^^^ ^°°'' ^''^ ^^^ Transfers,
https://www.yoanews.com/a/india-replaces-subsidies-for- Ket luan
Sau gan 4 nam thyc hien nhirng cai each kinh te, Chinh phu cua Thu tudng Modi da dan h6i phyc dugc nen kinh te ddt nudc sau suy thoai va dang tten da phat trien vai tdc dp vugt bdc. Cac chinh sach cai each kinh te chu yeu ttong nhung Iinh vyc kinh te chu chdt nhu Tai chinh, Ngan hang; Tien te, Co cdu thue (dac biet la ca cau thdng nhdt ddi vdi Thue hang hda va Dich vu (GST); Khuyen khich thucmg mai, dich vu dac biet la thuang mai dien tii; Thiic day ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai; Chinh sach ve bdt ddng san... Cimg vdi nhirng chinh sach co cdu nen kinh te theo timg nganh chu chot, Chinh phu Modi ciing xiet chat nhiing chinh sach quan tri ddt nudc, han che tham nhiing va thanh Ipc bd may quan ly nha nudc.
Tuy van cdn mgt sd han che sau nhiing cai each ciia Chinh quyen Modi, cho den nay nen kinh te An Do da cd nhimg thay doi va phat trien hiru hinh, ca ve chdt va lupng. Nen kinh te dugc tao dgng lyc tang trudng manh va dong deu, toan dien.
Hien nay, An Do dang la cudng qudc kinh te trong khu vuc Nam A, cd anh hudng Idn tdi cac nen kinh te ttong khu vyc. Nhd vao nhiing cai each ciia chinh quyen Modi, nen kinh te ndi rieng va hinh anh quoc te, vi the qudc te cua An Dp ngay mot dugc khang dinh. Trong mdt tuong Iai kliong xa, rdt cd the An Do se la ngudi khdng 16 kinh te the gidi va dua nen kinh te khu vuc Nam A va chau A phat trien vuon tara.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY),
Nghienciiu AnDgva Chau A. S6 12-2018, tr.8-15
Quach Thi Hue, Nguyin Thi Hoai Thu. Nhiing cdi cdch kinh le..
the-poor-with-cash-transfers/1581898.htm], ngay tmy cap: 12/12/2018
3. Demonetization and Its Impact on Indian Economy. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319143752_D emonetization_and_Its_Impact_on_Indian_Economy, ngay tmy cap 25/8/2018.
4. TheEconomicTimes(2018),Bwa'ge/207S.- Corporate tax rate reduced to 25% for companies with turnover of up to Rs 250 crore,
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/policy- trends/budget-2018-corporate-tax-rate-reduced-to-25- for-companies-with-tumoyer-of-up-to-rs-250- crore/articleshow/62738932.cms, ngay truy cap 10/10/2018.
5. Financial Express (2017), Foreign Trade Policy Review: Modi government gives exporters Rs 8,450 cr package,
https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/foreign- trade-policy-review-modi-govemment-gives-exporters- rs-8450-cr-package/962512/, ngay tmy cap 10/10/2018.
6. The Week (2018), Modi govt mulling single regulator for e-commerce sector',
https://vv^vw.theweek.in/news/biz-
tech/2018/07/3 O/modi-govt-mulling-single-regulator-e- commerce.htni!, ngay tmy cap 12/10/2018.
7. Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), July 2017, The Institute Of Company Secretaries Of India, New Delhi, p.iii.
8. Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA), July 2017, The Institute Of Company Secretaries Of India, New Delhi, p.2.
9. Department of Industrial PoiiQ' and Promotion Ministry of Commerce and Industry Government of India Consolidated FDI Policy (Effective from August 28,2017) at
http://dipp.nic.in/si1es/default'files/CFPC_2017_FINAL _RELEASED_28.8.17.pdf, ngay truy cap 15/10/2018.
10. First Post (2018), FDI policy 2018. Anotlier opportunity/or Narendra Modi govt to push out pro- investment reforms,
https://www.firstpost.com/business/fdi-policy-2018- another-opportunity-for-narendra-modi-govt-to-push- out-pro-investment-reforms-4451801 .html, ngay truy cap 2/9/2018.
11. The Wire (2018), Modi Government Eases FDI Norms in Key Sectors Including Retail, Civil ./4v/a//ort, https://thewire.in/economy/modi-govemment- eases-fdi-norms-in-key-sectors-including-retail-civil- aviation, ngay truy cap: 10/10/2018.
12. Livemint (2018), The economic challenges of 2018,
https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/8BKmuxFwQ QtFFGRMlXLqXKThe-economic-challenges-of 2018.html, ngay tmy cap 10/10/2018.
13 The Economic Times (2018), World Bank forecasts 7.3 per cent growth for India, making it fastest growing economy,
https://economictimes.indiatimes.eom/news/economy/i ndicators/world-bank-forecasts-7-3-per-cent-growtli- for-india-making-it-fastest-growing-
economy/articleshow/64478238.cms, tmy cap ngay 10/10/2018.
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. S6 12 - 2018, tr.8-15
