NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
NHUNG BAT CAP VA KllN NGHI HOAN THllN CAC QUY DINH VE QUYET DINH BUOC THI H A N H
BANAN,QUYiTD!NHCUATbAAN TRONG VUAN HANH CHiNH
L £ VIET SON*
Tom tdt: Nhdm bao dam cho ban an, quyet dinh cua Tda an v^ vu an hanh chinh din^c thyc thi m$t each nghiflm minh thi viflc Tda an r a quyet dinh bupc thi hdnh ^n 1^ mdt trong nhtrng giai phap hihi hieu. Bai viet phan tich m$t s6 b^t cdp, han ch^ trong cac quy dinh phap lu^t ve quyet dfnh bupc thi hanh ban an, quyet djnh cua Tda dn ve vu an hanh chinh, &hng thdi de xuat mot so giai phdp ho^n thi^n.
• '
Tic khoa: Yeu cdu; quyet dinh bupc thi hdnh; vu dn hdnh chinh.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 09/5/2018; ngdy bien tap xong: 28/5/2018; ngdy duyet bdi: 08/6/2018.
Ludt tfl tyng hanh chinh (Ludt TTHC) ndm 2015 da bfl sung quy dinh vfl quyet dinh bupc tM hanh ban an, quyflt dinh ciia Toa an va quy dinh nay dupe huong ddn tai Nghi dinh sfl 71/2016/ND-CP ngdy 01/7/2016 ciia Chmh phii quy dinh thdi hgn, ttinh ty, thu tuc thi hanh an hdnh cMnh va xu ly ttdch nhiflm ddi vdi ngucd khflng thi hanh ban an, quyet djnh cua Toa an (Nghi dinh sfl 71/2016). Viflc bfl sung quy dinh nay cd y nghia rat quan trpng vi bao dam cho ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an ve vu dn hanh chinh dupe thye thi trfln thyc tfl. Tuy nhifln, nhiing quy dinh hifln hanh vfl quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh bdn an, quyet dinh ciia Tda dn vdn con nhiflu bdt
cap. Nhiflu quy dinh cua phap Mat chua cy the, ro rdng, tii do gay khfl khan eho viflc ap dyng vdo thyc tifln.
1. Mot sd bdt cdp trong quy dinh cua p h a p luat ve quyet dinh bu$c thi hanh b a n an, quyet dinh cua Tda an ve vu an h a n h chinh
Thif nhdt, quy dinh cua phdp ludt hiin nay chua neu ro ve ddi tuomg bi dp dung quyit dinh bupc thi hdnh ban dn, quyit dinh cua Toa dn.
Khoan 1 Diflu 312 Luat TTHC nam
Thac sl Giang vien Khoa lugt hanh chinh - nha nuac, Truang Dai hoc Lu$t thanh phd Ho Chi Minh.
S5'02(thang01/2019)\
Tap chi I _KIEM SAT 5 3
Mitm ^an^ JUtm (X}uan 2019
2015 quy dinh: "Trong thdi hgn 01 nam kfl tu ngdy hflt thcri hgn quy dinh tgi diflm b khoan 2 Diflu 311 eua Ludt ndy ma ngudi phai thi hanh an khflng ty nguyen thi hanh thi nguoi dupe tM hanh an co quyfln gui don kem theo ban sao bdn an, quyflt dinh eua Toa an, tdi lieu khae co lien quan dfl nghi Toa an da xflt xir so tham ra quyet dinh bupc thi hanh bdn an, quyflt dinh ciia Toa an". Theo quy dinh nay, doi Mpng bi dp dung quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh ban an, quyflt dinh eiia Toa an la nguoi phdi thi hanh an (THA). Trong khi do, tgi khodn 4 Diflu 3 Nghi dinh sfl 71/2016 thi quy dinh:
"Nguoi phdi tM hanh an Id cd nhdn, ca quan, td chiic phai thuc hifln ngfaia vy trong ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an vfl vu dn hanh chinh dupe thi hanh". Can cii vao huong ddn nay co thfl thay nguoi phai THA CO thfl la ngudi khdi kifln, nguoi co quyfln lpi, nghia vu lien quan hoae ngucd hi kifln ttong vy an, bdi lfl, My tiing vy an hdnh chinh ma Toa Myen an ngudi phdi thuc Men nghia vu trong ban an, quyflt dinh cua Tda dn la rapt frong cac chu thfl trfln. Tuy nhien, nflu hiflu theo cdeh suy ludn nay thi raau thudn vdi quy dinh tai Diflu 311 Ludt TTHC nam 2015. Theo do, diflm a khodn 1 Diflu 311 Ludt TTHC nam 2015 quy dinh nhu sau: "Tmdng hpp bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an vfl viflc khdng chdp nhan yflu cdu khdi kifln quyflt dinh hanh chinh, quyflt dinh ky Mat bupc thfli viflc, quyet dinh giai quyet khiflu nai vfl quyflt dinh xu ly vy viflc cgnh franh, danh sach cu tri thi cdc bfln ducmg sy phdi tiflp tiic thi hanh quyet dinh hanh chinh, quyflt dinh ky Mat bupc thoi viflc, quyflt dinh gidi quyflt khiflu ngi vfl quyet dinh xu ly vu viflc canh ttanh, danh sach cu tri theo quy dinh
ciia phap ludt". Ngoai ra, khodn 2 Diflu 15 Nghi dinh sd 71/2016 cung nflu ro: "Ca quan cfl thara quyfln cd quyfln ap dung bifln phap cuong chfl hanh chinh dfl thi hdnh quyflt dinh hanh chinh cd hiflu lyc tiieo quy dinh cua phdp Mat". Nhu vdy, theo cac quy dinh nay, tiong tmong hpp yflu eau cua ngudi khoi kifln khdng dupe Toa an chdp nhan tM hp se tiflp tyc thi hdnh khiflu kien nflu nhu hp chua thi hanh hoac thi hanh chua xong; nflu nguoi khoi kifln van chua thi hdnh ddi tupng bi kifln thi ca quan cd tham quyen se dp dyng eae bifln phap cudng chfl hanh chinh va frong tmdng hpp nay viee THA sfl dupe tifln hdnh theo thu tuc hdnh chinh.
Vdi phan tich tifln cho thay, quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an ehl ap dyng doi voi nguoi bi kifln ma thdi, bdi lfl, nflu ngudi khoi kifln khdng THA thi da hi ap dyng bifln phap cudng chfl dfl thi hanh theo thu tuc hanh chinh.
Nhu vay, do phap Mat TTHC hifln nay chua nflu ro vfl doi tupng bi dp dyng quyet dinh bupc thi hanh bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an vfl vy dn hanh chinh nfln ddn dfln each hieu thiflu thflng nhdt nhu ttfln.
Thic hai, quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve phgm vi dp dung cua quyit dinh bupc thi hdnh bdn dn, quyet dinh cua Toa dn chua duac ro rdng.
Lifln quan dfln pham vi dp dung quyflt dinh bupc THA cua Toa an hien nay co hai loai y kifln khae nhau: Mpt Id, quyflt dinh budc thi hdnh ban an, quyflt dinh ciia Tda an ap dung doi voi tat ca cac phdn dupe Myfln ttong ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an (bao gflm phan bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an khflng lifln quan dfln tai sdn va phan ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an cd lifln quan dfln tai
Tap chi
5 4 I KIEMSAT^ /So 02 (thang 01/2019)
NGHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI
sdn); hai Id, quyflt dinh budc tM hanh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an cM dp dyng ddi voi phdn ban an, quyflt dinh eua Tda an khflng lien quan dfln tdi san. Vi vgy, ttong thdi gian qua, Toa an d rapt sfl dia phuang khi ra quyflt dinh bupc tM hdnh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an vfl vu an hanh chinh ttd nfln lung tiing vi khong biflt quyet dinh bupc THA cd dp dung ddi vdi tdt cd cac phdn ttong ban an hay khflng. Do do, cd Tda an ban hdnh quyflt dinh budc THA ap dyng dfli vdi phan tai san frong ban an, quyflt dinh ciia Toa dn^, cd Tda dn cM ban hanh quyflt dinh bupc THA ddi voi phan ban dn, quyflt dinh khdng lifln quan dfln tai sdn^.
Sd d! cd tmh trang dp dyng phap Mat khac biflt nhu tten la vi kM ap dung quyflt dinh bupc THA mpt sd Tda an chi cdn cd vao Diflu 312 Ludt TTHC ndm 2015 dfl ra quyflt dinh bupc THA va nflu chi can cd vdo diflu ludt nay tM quyet dinh bupc THA dp dyng doi vdi tdt ca cac phan ttong ban an, quyet dinh cua Toa an. Trong kM do, mot sfl Toa an khac ngoai can cd vao Diflu 312 Lugt TTHC nam 2015 tM cdn dp dyng quy dinh tai diflm h khoan 1 Dieu 311 eiia Lugt TTHC nam 2015: "Quyflt dinh vfl phdn tai san frong ban an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an dupe tM hanh theo quy dinh ciia phdp ludt vfl tiii hanh an dan sy" nfln chi ra quyet dinh bupc THA dfli voi phdn ban an, quyflt dinh eiia Tda dn khong lifln quan dfln tdi sdn.
1. Quyet dinh s6 02/2016/QD-THAHC ngay 20/20/2016 cua Toa an nhan dan tinh Ba Ria - Yung Tau buoc thi hanh Ban an hinh cWnh sa th5m so 07/2014/HCST va Ban an hanh chinh phuc th^m s6 19/20I5/HC-PT ciia Toa an nhan dan tinh Ba R4a - Viing Tau
2. Quyet dinh s6 04/2017/(^-THAHC ngay 06/9/2017 cua Toa an ntian dan tinh Ca Mau thi hanh Ban an hanh chinh s6 18/2017/HC-ST ngay 06/7/2017 ciia Toa ^ nh§n dan tinh Ca Mau.
Viflc dp dung phdp Mat tMeu thdng nhat nhu ttfln Id vi phdp Mat chua cd diflu khodn nao tryc tiflp quy dinh vfl pham vi dp dyng cua quyet dinh bupc THA nfln mfli Toa an van dung theo mpt cdch Mflu khae nhau.
Thic ba, quyen hgn cua Vien kiem sdt trong viec kiem sdt thi hdnh quyet dinh bupc thi hdnh bdn dn, quyit dinh cda Toa dn ve vu dn hdnh chinh con hgn che.
Theo quy dinh tai khodn 2 Diflu 312 Lugt TTHC nam 2015 tM Toa an da xet xir sa thdm phai ra quyflt dirih bupc THA hanh chinh. Quyflt dinh budc THA phdi dupe giri cho nguoi phdi THA, nguoi dupe THA, Thii tmdng CO quan edp ttfln trye tiep cua nguoi phdi THA va \^en kiflm sat ciing cap. Thu tmong CO quan cdp frfln tryc tiflp cua nguoi phdi THA CO ttach nMflm kiflm tta, dfln dflc vd xu ly ttach nMflm cua nguoi phai THA theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt. Quyflt dinh bupc THA ciing phdi giri cho ca quan THA dan sy noi Tda an da xflt xu sa thdm dfl theo doi viec THA hdnh chinh theo quyflt dinh ciia Toa an. Nhu vdy, theo quy dinh ttfln tM ddi vdi nhung chii the dupe quyfln giii quyflt dinh budc THA ciia Tda an dflu ed quyfln hgn nhdt dinh dfl bdo dam cho ban an, quyet dinh eiia Tda an dupe thi hanh nhu: Thu tmdng CO quan cdp ttfln tryc tiflp ciia ngudi phai THA cd frach nhiflm kiflra tta, ddn doe va xu Iy trach nMflm cua ngucd phai THA theo quy dinh cua phdp Mat; ca quan THA dan sy noi Toa an da xet xu sa tham theo doi vice THA hanh chinh theo quyflt dinh cua Toa an. Trong kM do, diflu Mat nay khflng quy dinh Vifln kiflm sat dupe thue hifln quyfln gi khi nhan dupe quyet dinh bupc THA cua Toa an. Nflu can cu vdo Diflu 315 Ludt TTHC nam 2015 vfl kiflra sat THA hanh chinh tM Vifln kiflra sat dupe thyc Men
S602(thang01/2019)\
Tap chi I _KIEMSAT 0 0
MUm ^oJt^ Mitm (^"an 2019
quyfln kifln nghi dfl bao ddm cho ban an, quyflt dinh ciia Toa an dupe thye tM mot each Mflu qua. Tuy nMfln, do khong co van bdn quy phgm phap lugt hudng ddn ndi dung nay nfln viee trien Idiai thyc Men ttfln thyc tfl sfl gap khflng it khd khan, cy the nhu Vien kiflm sdt se kifln nghi dfln chu thfl nao, npi dung kifln nghi la gi, phuong thuc kifln nghi nhu thfl ndo vd ddc biflt la Vien kiflm sat dupe quyen lam gi tiflp theo nflu nhu sau kM da kifln nghi xong nhung quyflt dinh bupc tM hanh bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an vfl vy an hdnh chinh vdn khflng dupe nguoi cd ngMa vu THA thi hanh.
2. Kien nghi mot so giai phap hoan thif n Mpt Id, can xac dinh dfli Mpng bi ap dyng quyflt dinh bupc thi hdnh bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an mpt each ehinh xac, theo dd, can sua ddi Diflu 11 cua Nghi dinh sfl 71/2016 theo huong xdc dinh ngudi phdi THA hanh chinh la nguoi bi kifln ttong vu an. Nhu ttong phan trfln da phdn tieh, ngudi phai THA ttong quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh an cua Tda an chi cd thfl la ngudi bi kifln ttong vu an vi nflu ngudi khdi kifln, ngudi cfl quyfln lpi, nghia vu lifln quan khong THA thi da bi cuong chfl dp dyng thi hanh theo thii tuc hanh chinh.
Viflc sua dfli theo huong tifln giiip Tda an xac dinh ro doi Mpng bi ap dung quyflt dinh ndy de franh tmong hpp ban hanh sai doi tupng gdy anh huong dfln quyfln, lpi ieh hpp phap cua cac bfln thi hanh an.
Hai la, can phai bo sung quy dinh vfl phgra vi dp dyng ciia quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an, do do, cdn sua dfli Diflu 312 Ludt TTHC ndra 2015 theo huong bo sung quy dinh: "Quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh ban an, quyflt dinh da co hipu lyc phap ludt cua Tda an cM bupc thi hanh
phdn ban an, quyflt dinh cua Tda an khong lifln quan dfln tai san". Viflc dfl xudt theo huong frfln dfl thdng nhdt voi cac quy dinh tgi diflm h khoan 1 Diflu 311 ciia Lugt TTHC nam 2015: "Quyflt dinh vfl phdn tai sdn frong ban an, quyflt dinh ciia Toa an dupe tM hanh theo quy dinh cua phap lugt vfl THA dan sy", ddng thcri, phu hop voi quy dinh tai khodn 1 Diflu 3 Nghi dinh sfl 71/2016: "TM hanh an hanh chmh la viec thi hdnh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an vfl vy an hanh ehinh dupe tM hanh quy dinh tai Diflu 309 Luat TTHC, fru quyflt dinh vfl phan tdi sdn frong ban dn, quyflt dinh cua Tda an vfl vy dn hanh chinh".
Ba Id, cdn bd sung cdc quy dinh vfl kiflra sat viflc thyc hifln quyet dinh bupc thi hanh bdn an, quyet dinh da cd hiflu lyc phap Mat eiia Tda an. Dfl cdng tac kiflm sdt thi hanh ban an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an noi chung va kiflra sat thi hanh quyet dinh bupc thi hdnh bdn an, quyflt dinh cua Toa an nfli riflng dgt dupe hiflu qua can phdi bfl sung cac quy dinh huong ddn vfl cong tdc kiflm sat thi hanh quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh an cua Tda dn, ttdnh tinh trang nhu hifln nay ehi ed rapt diflu Mat duy nhat quy dinh rapt each ehung ehung vfl cdng tde kiflm sat THA hanh chinh. Vi vdy, can ban hdnh van ban quy pham phap Mat huomg dan ve kiflm sat thi hdnh an hanh chinh noi chung va kiflra sat quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh an nfli riflng, trong do quy dinh ro cdc van dfl vfl npi dung kiflm sat, phuong thuc kiflm sat, quyen de nghi, kien nghi cua Vipn kiflm sat khi kiflra sdt quyflt dinh bupc thi hanh dn cua Toa dn nham bdo dam cho cong tac kiflra sat dupe thyc hifln co hiflu qua va thudn lpi nhdt. a
I Tap chi
5 6 I KIEMSAT_ /s6 02 (ihang 01/2019)
