GIAO DUG
THU f)AC NGON NGffJHlJ NHAT:
NhuTng thac mac thiTorng gap (Ky2)
Cai ma mot dufa tre can hoc chinh la nhifng gl dang ton tai trong chmh chung, nhifng nhu cau phat trien thudng trUc do chung dat ra, nhifng nhiem vu ma chung ph^i lam, nhifng thac mac cu the ma chung thadng gap. Ngadi Idn can phai danh thdi gian cho minh de hieu dieu nay, cung nhu ph^i cho tre co thdi gian de hieu va hpc nhifng cai ma tuoi cua chung can.
P h ? m Van Lam
Vi^c t h u diic n g o n ngu: c a n b a o n h i e u thbi gian?
Vipc thu dac ngdn ngii la viec dien ra trong mpt thai gian ddi, can nhilu thdi gian. Day khdng the la vice cii mudn md duoc, ndng vpi ma dupc ngay. Viec hpc ndo ciing cdn thdi gian de tieu boa va trai nghiem. Ngudi ldn cd thfi mudn nhin thdy ket qud ciia viec hpc ndi, hpc ngdn ngu ngay, nhung rat cd the sau do lai lo ldng vi chang nhin thdy cd cdi gi dd nhu mong dpi xay ra cd. 0 dilm ndy, cac bac cha me ciing cdn hpc su kifin nhan chd dpi nhu diia tre "kien nhan"
hpc ngdn ngu. Tre hpc ngdn ngii thdng qua cdc tilp xuc, tuong tdc tu
nhien va mac nhien vdi ngudi ldn trong mdi trudng binh thudng. 6 ddy cd mpt quy tac la tuong tdc, tiep xuc nhieu thi ket qud se nhieu, tuang tdc, tiep xuc chudn vd thieh hgp thi kit qud tuang tdc, tiep xuc cung se chuan vd thich hgp. Cac bac cha me hay da dang hod mpt each chudn muc va phu hpp cdc hogt ddng, cdc chu de, cdc
mdi trudng tifip xiic vd hpc Tr^ CO t h l thfch m6t minh thicJivaybimitatl^miem,
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hdi ngdn ngii ciia tre.
Tuong tac nhilu vdi tre nhung ngudi ldn cung cdn cho tre nhieu thdi gian de "ty ndi vdi minh cai gi thi ndi, lam cai gi vdi minh thi lam" d trong tam kiem soat ciia ngudi ldn. Tre cd the thich mot minh quan sat vd ndi chuyen vdi bdng hoa, cd the thich vdy bun dat lam lem, cd the mot minh tiic gign vdi con ciin con khdng chiu mac qudn do, cd the ndi ccm tam banh vdi con meo kfiu meo meo da ldm em be blip be thiic giac, cd the buc minh vdi me khi me mang ban thli nhiin khdng chiu di ngu,... Cha me nen dl tre tu do vdi von ngdn ngti ciia minh khi tuong tac, tiep xiic trong nhiing tinh hudng nhu vdy. Dd la each tiJ khdm pha tdt nhdt ciia tre. Dd la each tu bpc Id, danh gia va ren luyen ngdn ngii tdt nhat cua tre. Ngudi ldn can bifit rang trong qua trinh thu ddc ngdn ngii cua tre khi tre cdng nam va sii dyng dupc cang nhifiu ngdn ngu thi su tien bp ma chung ta nhin thdy cdng
kem rd ret. (Dilu nay ciing dung vdi qua trinh hpc ngdn ngCr cua ngudi ldn). Chi den mdt liic ndo do hay trong mdt tmh huong hogc nhiem vu bat ngd ndo dd chung ta mdi chpt nhan ra dupc sv tifin bp nay. Chang hgn, cdc bac cha me se rat nggc nhien nfiu quan sat thay rang con minh ndi ra va su dung rat diing cac each ndi gdn gui nhau nhu ldm noi, ldm dugte, ldm cho
S 6 1 3 . N G A V 05,7.2016 quan sit va noi chuyen v61 bong hoa, co the
GIAO DUC
Mot dila trJ biet n6i sdm hay siiilung ngon ngd gidi * mot thdi (Aim nao do khong tat yeu noi lin r^ng den khi 18 tuoi chiing se c6 ngon nqi) hay nang itfc giao bep gioi hffn.
dugc,..., dli rang trfin thuc t l chung ta khd hogc khdng the, hoac ciing cd the khdng bao gid cd thl dua ra dupc ldi giang day hay hudng dan sir dung nhung cdch ndi nay mdt each chinh xac vd dfi ddng.
Moi tre d&u cd tdc do h p c ngon ngur nhtf n h a u hay khong?
Vific thu dac ngdn ngu ciing nhu su phdt trifin ndi chung cua tre khdng phdi la su hogt ddng cua cac cd mdy khac nhau cho cung mpt nhiem vu. Qua trinh nay cung khdng phai la qua trinh ganh dua cd chii dich giiia nhiing diia tre gidng nhu chiing chay thi hay an thi. Tre khdng he tu dat dupc ra cho minh mdt moc hay bieu dd phdt triln, hay phai vupt qua mpt trinh dp ngdn ngii ndo dd ma cha me dat ra cho chiing. Chiing tu thi dua vdi chinh chung theo tdc dp va nguong dat duac cua chinh minh. Mdt diia tre bilt ndi sdm hay sir dung ngdn ngii gidi d mpt thdi dilm nao dd khong tdt yeu ndi Ifin rang den khi 18 tudi
chiing se cd ngon ngii hay nang luc giao tiep gidi hon, hay cd mpt su lira chpn nghfi nghiep thdng minh ban mdt diia tre chdm biet ndi. Nang luc ngdn ngii chi la mpt phdn trong sd nhiing thii md diia tre phdi hpc tuan tu, tu nhien. Mdt diia tre chdm ndi hodn todn cd the cd mpt nang luc nao dd tdt hon mpt dira tre ndi gidi. Van de la d chd mdt diia tre cham ndi rdt cd the da "dau tu" nang lire ciia minh vdo mdt nhiem vu nao dd khac nhiem vu ngdn ngii nen chiing c6 the khdng gidi ngdn ngii. Trudng hpp nhiing diia tre gidi toan, hay gidi ve, hay gidi van dpng nhung Iai kem gidi ngdn ngii cd thfi giup chiing ta hinh dung difiu nay.
Hpc ngon ngii Id mdt qud trinh tu nhien. Mpi cai ma tre cd y dinh hpc deu phai can cd nhiing dieu kien hay nen tang tat yeu nao dd. Tre chi hpc cai gi do khi ban than chiing dd san sang cd hung thii. Chiing cd the ndi nhu yet nhiing gi md nguai ldn cd gdng day chiing, nhung cau chuyen chung cd hieu va tlmo go nhung kit cdu ngdn ngir dd ra d l sir dung hay khdng lgi
la mdt chuyen Ichac. Tuy nhien, chung ta can tgn dung dieu nay de giup tre phdt trien Idi ndi d phuong dien ngu dm thudn tuy, tlic Id phat trien kha nang ndi trdn vanh rd chu. Dieu nay gidi thich tai sao ddi khi chung ta chi chu y den viec dgy tre hpc hat hay hpc thudc mdt vdi cau ddng dao thudn tuy, ma khdng he quan tdm hay y thirc dupc rang d tam tudi phdt trien do, tre khdn^ thfi hieu ndi va thdo go cac ket cau ngdn ngu d do ra d l sir dung lgi binh thudng nhu chiing ta hdng nghi vd trdng dpi.
Mpt con vet hpc ndi chi de ndi. Mdt diia tre hpc ndi la dfi hogt ddng, nhdn thiic, phat trien, de trang bi cho minh rdian thirc vd tu tudng, de hinh thanh thfi gioi quan vd nhan sinh quan ciia rien^ minh,... Cai md mdt dira tre can hpc khdng phai la nhiing gi d trong sach vd, khdng phai Id nhiing gi qua siic nhung Igi rat tdt dep md cdc bac cha me mudn ddnh cho con minh, khdng phdi Id mdt mdu hinh ngudi ldn nao do ngoai tre, ma do chinh la nhung gi dang tdn tgi trong chinh chiing, nhiing nhu cdu phdt tnIn thudng true
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GIAO DUG
do chung ddt ra, nhung nhiem vu md chting phat lam, nhiing thac mac cu the md chiing thudng gap. Ngudi ldn can phai ddnh thdi gian cho minh de hieu dieu nay, ciing nhu phdi cho tre cd thoi gian dfi hilu va hpc nhung cai md tudi cua chiing cdn.
Tre kiem s c a t qua trinh t h u d^c ngdn ngur nhu the nao?
Ngudi ldn hilu tre cd nghia la ngudi ldn dd tdn trpng hay bifit tdn trong tre, vd ngupc Igi. Tre con khdng phai la ngudi ldn. Tre con se ti^ dgt ra chiln lupc va tu tao ra ca che phdt trien ngdn ngii cua chinh minh ddi vdi viec hpc nhiing thir ma chiing cdm thay quan trpng ddi vdi chiing. Cai chiing cdn hoc Id nhiing cdi mdi, dii rang nhiing cai mdi nay ludn la cai cu hay khdng can thiet ddi vdi ngudi Idn. Chifin luoc va ca chfi phdt trien ngdn ngii cua tre ciing vay. Thuc ra thi trong qua trinh phat trien, tre la nhiing nhan vat hit sire sdng tgo, nang ddng, gidu nghi luc vd nang luong hpc hdi hon ngudi ldn, va hon nhiing gi chung ta tudng, thgm chi la Iam tudng ve tre.
Nang lvc hpc hdi ndi chung va ndng luc hpc ngdn ngii ndi rifing cua tre la cai ma ngudi Idn chiing ta khdng bao gid cd duoc va ren luyen nfin duac.
Tre khdng hfi cd trong minh mot y niem Io lang ve su phat triln ngdn ngu cita minh nhu ede bde cha me thudng cd ve chiing. Ngdn ngii chi la mpt cdng cu de thuc hien mot cdi gi dd md thdi. Khi mdt qua bdng lan ra ngodi tdm tay tre, tre cd thfi khde thet Ien, nhung viec khoc thet len nay khdng phdi la vi su khde thet md vi mpt nhu cdu dai loai la
"mudn bd nhat cho qua bdng d ngoai sdn", hay "mudn me keu qud bdng tir gam giudng ra", hay "mudn anh vdi qud bdng mde d tren cay xudng", bay "mudn chi vdt qud bdng d dudi gieng Ifin", vdn vdn va van van. Cha me hay de con cai minh trdi nghifim ngdn ngii cua chimg theo each cua chinh chiing, ddu rang vdi con mat ngudi ldn nhiing each ndi dd cd the la nhiing each dp dung chua hop,
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Tre l i nhiitng nhan vit hSt siifc sing tao, nang tfong, giau nghj IUc va nang iirgng hoc hoi iiim ngiroi Idn.
can phai chinh siia. Tu ban than tre se dan tim ra dupc mdt ngdn ngu thich hop de bifiu dat difiu ndy. Chang cd gi la lo ldng khi mpt diia tre khdng phat am dupc nhu ngudi ldn, hay nhu nhiing dua tre hdng xdm, hoac nhu mdt thdn ddng ngdn ngii d trfin ti vi. Cha mp chi nen vd phai Io lang khi con minh khong the phat dm dupc dm nhu chinh chiing cd the ndi md thdi. O mdi mpt gia dinh, khdng ai cd thfi hieu difiu nay hon chinh cha mp hay ngudi cham sdc ciia chimg cd. Vi rang nhiing ngudi nay la nhiing ngudi nam vung bifiu dd difin tien ngdn ngii cua tre mpt cdch ro ret va trung thuc nhat.
Tre Cling khong cd suy nghT rang cd cai gi dd dang trdng dpi chiing d phia trudc. Cdc bgc cha me cd the dang tim kifim nhiing cdi cd hoac khdng cd the cd trong ngdn ngu cua tte. Chiing ta nhieu khi khdng nhm ra nhiing cai ma tre dang cd ma chiing ta lgi cd xu hudng nhin ra nhung cdi md tre khdng cd. Nhilu ngudi cho rdng chi cd mpt ngdn ngii dimg ngii phap vdi mdt sd Iugng tCr ldn vd he thong quy tSc phiic tap thi mdi Id ngdn ngii. Suy nghi nhu vdy rdt cd the la suy ngh! sai. Ngdn ngii ki thuc phitc tap ban vdy. Tre cd thl thich ngii dieu bilu cam cua cd giao day mdm non hang xdm, cd thl thich su dyng ngdn ngu cur chi cua mdy anh choai choai d trudng dfi thay vdo do, thay vao nhiing chd ma theo nhu n ^ d i ldn dang ra Id phai thl nay hay thl kia. Tren thuc thuc te, rat cd the la tre da tung gap mpt each bilu dgt ndo dd d dau day ma cha me khdng biet, trong khi dy cha me chi mudn tre bilu dat theo cdch cua minh hinh dung hay ciia minh cd, minh biet. Tre cd the chi khdng bilt rdng md
Sdl3.NGAY0S.7.2016
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g^difiiinii
anil
j g j r f i i a y *
(ii tli can hoc la nhiing cai mdi, dCi r i n g nhthig cai mdi nay luon la cai cu hay jdiong t i n ttiiet d f l vdi ngtfdi Idn.
hinh ngdn ngii ma chiing da su dung hay dang su dyng do CO thuc su Id thich hpp hay khdng thich hpp, dimg hay sai hay khdng ma thdi. Chung ludn hpc each sii dung ngdn ngii thuc te bdng mot phep thii, mot phep logi suy ttr chd su dung nay sang chd su dung khac.
Tre sA d^ng chid'n l u o c g i trong qua t i i n h thu dac ngon ngur?
Trong qud trinh vdn ddng phat trien tir tudi du tha, tat ca chimg ta deu hpc mpt cai gi dd theo mpt trong hai cdch sau: Hpc bang tiep xiic hay Iam true tiep theo kilu vgt li (vi dy nhu di, bo, truan). Hpc bdng tifip xiic tri tue thdng qua su khai qudt hod hay logi suy nhiing hdi nghiem da cd. Cdch hpc thii hai la cdch hpc ngdn ngu thudng tryc cua tre. Cach hpc ndy difin ra theo chieu tudn tu tir cai de len cdi khd, tir cai da bifit den cdi chua bilt, tu cai ma hd din cai xac thuc, tir cy the dfintrimtuang,...Dieunay giai thich tat ca nhiing gi ma tr^ cd dupc ve ngu am, ngu phap, ngii nghia, vd ngii dung.
Lay vi dy. Ngdn ngii ciia chiing ta cd nhihig dm de va cd nhung dm khd phdt dm. Tre se hpc cac dm dfi phdt dm trudc cac am khd. Tre bdt dau ldi ndi ciia minh tir nhiing tilng bdp be. Nhung dm ma chiing bdp bp la nhung am de phat am, khdng tdn nhilu ndng lupng.
Nhiing am nay la nhung dm ma tre se diing dfi ndi nhimg ldi ddu tien trong ddi ndnh. Chdng han, trong tilng Viet, cdc dm phdt am bang ddu luoi Id i, e, e luon la nhiing am khd phat am hon cdc dm giua luoi hay
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gdc luoi nhu a, a, u. Tre se ndi dupc cdc dm a, a, u tmac ckc dm i, e, e. Tuong ty nhu vay, tre se noi dupc cdc tir cd ddu ngng, ddu sdc trudc cac tir cd dau nga, hdi. Tre se ndi dupc cac dm m, p, b trudc cdc dm n, t, d, v.v. Tre se
"ua thich" each ndi dm mam hon la dn cam.
Tre se "uu tifin" sur dyng nhiing each ndi ngan ban each ndi dai, v.v.
Du tre hpc am de trudc am khd, nhung thyc t l am ndo Id dfi hay khd vdi cdc dtia tre khde nhau se rat khac nhau. Mdi diia tre se co chiln lupc hpc ngdn ngii ciia rifing minh. Dilu quan trpng Id cd sy tien bp hay khdng trong kit qua cua chiln lupc hpc ngdn ngu do ma thdi.
Lien quan den viec hpc phat am ciia tre, cha me can bilt rdng cdc bp phgn dupc sir dung vao vific phat dm ngay tir ddu cd chire nang khac dd la chiic nang sinh hpc: phdi dung de thd; mdi dk che chdn khoang mipng, phdn ngae mfim (khu vyc vdm ben tren d phia trong mieng) dung de ngan giiia khoang mi$ng va khoang miii; luai diing d l dao, nlm thiic dn; rdng diing d l nghifin, cdt thiic an,...
Cho nen can phdi y thiic dugc rdng ngdn ngtr ndi cua tre dugc hinh thanh va phat trien, hodn thifin cung qua trinh hinh thanh, phat triln hoan thien chinh cdc bd phdn ndy. Mpt dira trd hd mdi, hd ham ech, luoi ngan,... duong nhifin dnh hudng mot each tryc tilp va nghiem trpng din sy phdt trifin ngdn ngu ndi cua tre.
Tuang ty nhu vgy, tre se hpc dugc ngii nghTa va each difin dgt cua tir an, truoc cac tu xai, dung, ddnh chen,.... ngy nghia va cac sir dyng cua tir chet trudc tir mat, hi sinh, tu trdn, bang hd, ngoeo,... Tre se hpc dugc each ndi chim hot trudc chim hot hiu lo, chim hot liu lo trudc chim hdt liu lo tren cdnh, chim hot liu lo tren cdnh edy xd cir trong truac sdn trudng,...
Tre se hpe vd ndi dugc tir chim trudc chim se, chim bo cdu, ehim chdo mdo. Tre se hpc dupc tir gpi ten nhung con chim quen thudc va dien hirih truoc nhiing tii nhu ehim dd dieu, chim cdnh ciAt,... Tre se hilu dugc rdng da la chim thi phai "cd canh, bilt bay" trudc khi hilu dupc rdng cd nhiing loai chim "khdng bilt bay, khong cd cdnh dai" nhu ehim cdnh cut.
Tre hifiu dugc rang da la qua thi phai "an dugc, cd vd, cd hat ndm ben trong, va cd hinh trdn" trudc khi hifiu dupc rdng cd mot sd lodi qua khong nhu vgy. V.v. •
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