TRIET HOC, SO 8 (243), THANG 8-2011
THUTC TRANG DAO DUfC CUA DOI NGO CAN BO, DANG VIEN NirorC TA HIEN NAY QUA VAN KIEN DAI HOI XI CUA DANG
TRAN SY PHAN (•)
Tren cO sd ldm ro thUc trang dao diic cua dpi ngd cdn bp, ddng vien nUdc ta hien nay qua Van kien Bai hpi XI cua Ddng, trong bdi vie't ndy, tdc gid de xudt mpt so'gidi phdp cO ban nham khac phuc tinh trgng suy thodi ve chinh tri, tU tudng, dgo dUc, ldi song... cda mpt bp phdn khdng nho trong dpi ngu ndy, de hg thUc sU viia la ngUbi lanh dgo, viia Id ngUdi day td cda nhdn ddn, cdng todn Ddng vd todn ddn thiic hien thdng ldi muc tieu ddn giau, nUdc mgnh, dan chu, cong bdng, van minh, vUng bUdc di len chu nghia xd hpi.
anh gia 5 nam thiic hien Nghi quye't I Dai hpi X, nhin lai 10 nam thUc hien
Chie'n lUpc p h a t trien kinh te xa hpi 2001-2011, 20 nam thUc hien CUdng linh 1991, tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta danh gia:
Tuy cdn nhieu h a n che, ye'u kem, nhUng ket qua dat dUdc trong 5 nam thUc hien Nghi quyet Dai hpi X da gop p h i n quan trpng vao viec thiic hien t h i n g ldi chie'n lupc phat trien kinh te xa hpi 10 nam (2001-2010) va CUdng linh xay dUng dat nude trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghia xa hpi trong 20 nam qua. Day la ''nhiing thanh tUu to Idn, r i t quan trpng... cd y nghia lich svL", gop p h i n dUa dat nUdc "ra khoi tinh trang kem phat trien"(l).
Tuy dat dupc nhiing t h a n h tUu he't siic to Idn va toan dien, nhUng nUdc ta v i n diing trUde nhieu thach thiic Idn dan xen, tac dpng tong hpp va d i i n bien phiic tap.
Nguy cd tut h a u xa hdn ve kinh te so vdi nhieu nUdc trong khu vUc va tren the gidi van tdn tai; dac biet "tinh trang suy thoai ve chinh tri, tU tudng, dao diic, Ip'i sd'ng cua mpt bp phan khong nhd can bp, dang vien, te quan lieu, t h a m nhiing, lang phi cdn nghiem trpng. Nhiing bieu hien xa rdi muc tieu cua chu nghia xa hpi, "tu diin
bie'n", "tU chuy§n hoa" cd di§n big'n phiic tap(2). Day la mpt thUc te ma chiing ta dang phai ddi mat, khdng chi la mpt trong nhiing rao can Idn dd'i vdi cdng cupc ddi mdi d i t nUdc do Dang ta khdi xUdng va lanh dao, ma cdn la mpt trong nhiJng nguyen n h a n d i n de'n tinh trang mat niem tin trong mpt bd phan n h a n dan doi vdi sU lanh dao cua Dang va con dudng qua dp len chu nghia xa hpi d Viet Nam.
Ve mat ly luan, thdi ky qua dp khdng phai la mdt hinh thai kinh te x5 hpi, do chi la mdt "thdi doan lich sii", mpt giai doan chuyen tiep tii xa hpi np sang xa hpi kia. Chinh vi v^y, "ve mpi phUdng dien kinh te, dao diic, tinh t h i n cdn mang nhiing dau vet cua xa hdi cii ma nd da lot long ra"(3).
Nudc ta qua ^o len chu nghia xa hpi, bd qua che' do tU ban chu nghia tii mpt xa hpi vd'n la thude dia, nvLa. phong kien, liic (*) Pho giao sii, tien si, Vien Triet hoc, Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chfnh Quoic g^a Ho Chf Minh.
(1) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thii XI. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2011, tr. 19-21.
(2) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Sdd., tr.29,173.
(3) C.Mac va Ph.Angghen. Todn tap, t.l9. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2002, tr.33.
lupng san xua't t h a p . Dat nUdc trai qua hang chuc n a m chie'n tranh, hau qua de lai cdn nang ne. Do vay, nhiing tan dU thiic dan, phong kie'n (trong do. cd tU tudng dao dUc phong kien) v i n cdn nhieu
do la mpt thUc te' lich suf. V.I.Lenin da tiing noi: "Cupc so'ng v i n luon luon chi cho chiing ta t h i y rang trong tU nhien va trong xa hpi, nhiing t a n tich cua qua khii van cdn rdi rdt lai trong hien tai" (4). Vi vay, viec khac phuc "nhiing dau vet cua xa hpi cii", trong do co dao diic phong kien, dao dUc tU san ddi hdi phai co thdi gian, khong the chii quan, ndng vpi.
Tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta xac dinh qua dp len chu nghia xa hpi d Viet Nam "la mpt qua trinh each mang sau sac, triet de, dau t r a n h phiic tap giiia cai cii va cai mdi n h i m tao ra sU bien ddi ve chat tren tat ca cac linh vUc cua ddi song xa hpi, nhat thi§'t phai trai qua mpt thdi ky qua dp lau dai vdi nhieu bUdc phat trien, nhieu hinh thUc to' chiic kinh te, xa hpi dan xen" (5). Tinh phUc tap nay la mpt trong nhiing nguyen n h a n khach quan d i n de'n tinh trang suy thoai ve chinh tri, tu tudng, dao dUc, Id'i sd'ng cua mpt bp phan khong nhd can bp, dang vien d nUdc ta hipn nay.
Ngoai tinh lac hSu cua y thiic xa hpi ddi vdi ton tai xa hpi d i i n ra trong thdi ky qua dp, nhiing tac ddng tii mat trai cua kinh te thi trUdng, ciia qua trinh hpi nh4p quoc te, trong dd cd hpi n h i p van hoa, ciing anh hudng r i t Idn de'n tinh trang tren. Them vao dd, chu nghia ca nhan ciing la tac n h a n khong nhd d i n de'n tinh trang suy thoai nay.
Ngoai nguyen n h a n khach quan, chiing ta ciing can nhin n h i n mpt each nghiem tiic nhiing nguyen nhan chu quan d i n den tinh trang nay. Dd la: Cdng tac can bd c h i m dd'i mdi, thie'u cd che.
chinh sach cu the de thUc sU phat huy dan chu trong cong tac can bp, trong phat hien va s^ dung ngUdi tai. C h i t lUpng dao tao, bdi dUdng can bp chUa cao; nang lUc lanh dao va siic chie'n dau cua khong it to chiic dang cdn thap; cdng tac quan ly dang vien chUa chat che, sinh hoat dang chUa ne nep, npi dung sinh hoat nhin chung cdn ngheo nan, tU phe binh va phe binh yeu; dpng cd phan dau vao Dang cua mpt so' ngUdi co bieu hien lech lac; nhieu khuyet diem, sai l i m cua dang vien va td chiic dang cham dUpc phat hien; ky luat, ky cUdng d nhieu td chUc dang khong nghiem; sU doan ke't, n h i t tri d khong it c i p uy chUa tot,... Dac biet, tinh t h i n trach nhiem, y thUc tU giac, tinh chie'n dau, tinh dang d nhieu can bp, dang vien giam Slit. Tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta cho rang, nhiing h a n che, yeu kem tren day CO p h i n do nguyen nhan khach quan, nhUng nguyen nhan chu quan mdi la
"nguyen nhan chu ye'u" (6). 0 day, vai trd chu the nhan thiic va hoat dpng cua can bp, dang vien c i n dUdc phat huy mpt each cao dp hdn bao gid het.
De k h i c phuc tinh trang suy thoai dao diic, ldi so'ng cua mpt bp phan khong nhd can bp, dang vien nUdc ta hien nay; de xay diing nhan each con ngUdi Viet Nam ndi chung, n h a n each can bp, dang vien ndi rieng ve "ly tudng, tri tue, dao diiq, Id'i sd'ng, t h i chat, Idng tU ton dan tpc, trach nhiem xa hpi, y thiic chap hanh phap luat..."; de can bp thUc sU la "day chuyen cua bp may" (tii dung cua Ho Chi Minh), la "nhan to quye't dinh sU thanh bai cua each mang, g i n lien vdi van menh cua Dang, cua dat nUdc va che dp", trUdc m i t (4) V.I.Lenin. Todn tap, t.33. Nxb Tien bo, Matxcdva, tr.l22.
(5) Dang C6ng san Viet Nam. Sdd., tr.70.
(6) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Sdd., tr.94.
TRAN SY PHAN
c i n tap t r u n g giai quye't tot m i y van de cd ban sau day:
Thd nhdt, hoan thien the che kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghia.
Day la giai phap kinh te' nhUng mang y nghia dao dUc, cd quan he chat che vdi viec xay diing dao diic mdi. Diing nhU cac nha duy v i t Phap quan niem: nguyen t i c cua toan bp dao dUc la "ldi ich diing dan" (7), trong do ldi ich kinh te la cd ban nhat. Giai quye't tot van de kinh te chinh la tao tien de v i t c h i t de xay diing y thUc dao dUc mdi, the hien tinh n h a t nguyen duy vat ve lich sh trong giai phap xay dUng dao dUc.
Dudi chu nghia xa hpi khong cd nen kinh te "tU than", kinh te vi kinh te mpt each ddn t h u i n . P h a t trien kinh te' ludn di doi vdi p h a t trien van hoa, xa hpi, thiic hien tie'n bp va cdng bang xa hpi. Nguyen t i c phan phdi trong the che kinh te thi trudng d nUdc ta hien nay, mpt mat, dUa vao ke't qua lao dpng, hieu qua kinh t§', vao mUc dong gop vo'n ciing cac ngudn lUc khac; mat khde, thong qua he thP'ng an sinh xa hpi, phiic ldi xa hpi. Nguyen t i c phan pho'i nay la cd sd, la tien de kinh te cua viec xay dUng dao dUc mdi cho xa hpi noi chung, cho dpi ngii can bp, dang vien ndi rieng; nd ciing noi len tinh dac thu cua
"mpt hinh thai kinh te thi trUdng viia tuan theo nhiing quy Ixikt cua kinh te thi trUdng, viia diia tren cd sd va dUdc d i n dit, chi phdi bdi cac nguyen t i c va ban chat cua chu nghia xa hpi" (8).
Thd hai, tang cudng cdng tac xay diing, chinh do'n Dang, cham lo xay diing dpi ngii can bp, dang vien trong sach, cd p h i m chat, nang lUc, cd sUc chie'n dau cao.
Tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta tiep tuc k h a n g dinh: "Xay diing Dang thUc sU trong sach • ca ve chinh tri, tU tudng va to' chiic, n a n g cao nang lUc lanh dao, siic chie'n d i u cua
Dang la nhiem vu then chd't, co y nghia so'ng cdn dd'i vdi Dang va sii nghidp each mang cua n h a n dan t a hien nay"(9).
ThUc t i l n each mang Viet Nam hdn 80 nam ke tii khi Dang t a r a ddi da chiing minh r i n g , sU lanh dao diing d i n va sang sudt cua Dang la n h a n to' quye't dinh mpi t h i n g ldi cua each mang Viet Nam. Lich su( ve vang va anh hiing dd mpt l i n niia ddi hdi Dang t a phai khdng ngiing do'i mdi, phat huy Uu diem, kien quyet s i a chu!a nhiing khuyet diem, tiep tuc cung eo', chinh do'n ve mpi mat: chinh tri, tU tudng, dao diic, ldi sd'ng, to chiic va can bp. Cd nhu vay. Dang mdi n a n g cao nang lUc lanh dao, siic chien dau cua minh, dap Ung yeu c i u ngay cang cao cua qua trinh cdng nghidp hoa, hien dai hoa dat nUdc trong xu the hpi n h i p qud'c te hien nay.
Nghien ciiu ly l u i n , khai quat thUc tien each m a n g nUdc Nga, V.I.Lenin da riit r a ke't l u i n cd y nghia phUdng phap l u i n het siic sau sac rang: "Trong lich svL, chUa he cd mdt giai c i p nao gianh dUpc quyen thd'ng tri, ne'u nd khong dao tao ra dupc trong h a n g ngii cua minh nhiing lanh t u chinh tri, nhiing dai bieu tien phong cd du k h a n a n g td chUc va lanh dao phong trao"(10). Trung t h a n h vdi chi d i n dd cua V.I.Lenin, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh va Dang t a ludn quan t a m den viec dao tao, r e n luyen, bdi dUdng can bp cho each mang. Ho Chi Minh eoi can bp la
"cai gdc" cua mpi cdng viee. Can bd "td't"
hay "kem" cd a n h hudng trUc tidp den t h a n h cdng hay t h i t bai cua cdng viec.
Tai Hpi nghi Trung Udng 3 khda VIII, Dang ta k h a n g dinh: "Can bd la n h i n to
(7) Xem: CMac va Ph. Angghen. Sdd., t.2., tr. 199-200.
(8) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Sda.,tr.205.
(9) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Sdd., tr.56.
(10) VI.Lenin. Stfrf., t.4, tr.l73.
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quye't dinh sU t h a n h bai cua each mang, gan lien vdi van menh cua Dang, cua dat nUdcvache'dp"(ll).
De dap iing yeu c i u ngay cang cao cua sii nghiep each mang, tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta chu trUdng "tie'p tuc ddi mdi manh me, ddng bp cong tac can bp. ThUc hien tot chie'n lUdc can bp thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, ddi mdi tu duy, each lam, k h i c phuc nhUng ye'u kem trong tufng k h a u cua cdng tac can bd... Nang cao chat lUdng cdng tac dao tao, bdi dUdng can bp; k h i c phuc tinh trang chay theo b i n g cap. Lam tot cdng tac quy hoach va tao ngudn can bp...
Khong bd nhiem can bp khong du diic, du tai, cd hpi chu nghia..."(12). Trong dao tao, bdi dudng can bp. Dang ta coi trpng ca dUc va tai, trong do ddc Id gdc, la nen tang cua n h a n each can bp, dang vien.
Thd ba, thiic hien to't nguyen t i c tU phe binh va phe binh trong Dang.
Bi ren luyen p h i m chat dao dUc each mang, quet sach chu nghia ca nhan ciing nhu te quan lieu, t h a m nhiing, lang phi...
trong mdt bp p h i n can bp, dang vien ddi hdi phai thiic hidn nghiem tiic nguyen t i c tii phe binh va phe binh trong Dang ciing nhu dd'i vdi tiing can bd, dang vien. Dao diic each mang, nhU Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ndi, khdng phai tii tren trdi sa xud'ng; no do dau tranh, ren luyen ben bi hang ngay ma p h a t t r i l n va cung co'.
Chinh vi vky, ren luyen dao dUc each mang la cdng vide thudng xuyen, hang ngay cua mdi can bp, dang vien.
D l ren luyen dao dUc each mang, mpt trong nhiing giai phap co tinh kha thi la tu phe binh va phe binh. Day la thii vu khi rat s i c ben d l giiip chiing ta "cai tao"
nhutng khuyet dilm, t h i m chi ea tpi IPi d l
"tie'n bp dUdc" (tii dung cua Hd Chi Minh).
Trung t h a n h vdi nhiing chi d i n cua
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, Dang ta tii khi t h a n h l i p ddn nay, dUdc to chiic theo nguyen t i c t i p trung dan chu, luon lay tU phe binh va phe binh la vii khi sac ben nhat de sxla chiia khuyet diem, phat huy Uu diem, lam cho Dang ta ngay cang tien bp khong ngiing.
Tai Dai hpi XI, mpt l i n niia Dang ta khang dinh tii phe binh va phe binh la mdt trong nhiing npi dung quan trpng cua nguyen t i c t i p trung dan chu, la dieu kien de Dang nang cao nang liic lanh dao va sUc chien di'u cua minh. Trong Van kipn Dai hpi XI, Dang ta cdn n h i n manh:
"De dam dUdng dUdc vai tro lanh dao.
Dang phai viing manh ve chinh tri, tU tudng va td chiic... ThUdng xuyen tU phi binh vd phi binh (tac gia n h i n manh), di'u t r a n h cho'ng chu nghia ca nhan, chu nghia cd hdi, te quan lieu, tham nhiing, lang phi va mpi h a n h dpng chia re, be phai..." Va, de tu dUdng, ren luyen p h i m c h i t dao dUc each mang. Dang ta yeu cau can bp, dang vien phai neu cao tinh than trach nhiem trUdc To qud'c, trUdc Dang va nhan dan, phai "diy manh tU phe binh va phe binh trong sinh hoat dang"(13).
De tu phe binh va phe binh cd hieu qua, ngoai y thUc tii giac cua mdi can bp, dang vien ra, td chUc cd sd dang phai dupc cung cd, khdng ngutng nang cao nang liic lanh dao va siic chien di'u cua minh, tao ehuyin b i l n tich cUc ve chi't lupng hoat dpng; cac cap uy, td chiic dang phai nang eao tinh t h i n trach nhiem.
(11) Dang C6ng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Hoi nghi lan thii ba Ban Chap hdnh Trung UOng, khoa VIII.
Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha N6i, 1997, tr.66.
(12) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii XI. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2011, tr.261.
(13) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Sdd., tr. 89-90, 258.
TRAN SY PHAN
thUc hien tot hdn nhiem vu kiem tra, giam sat theo Dieu le Dang; thUc hipn dan chu trong Dang; dinh ky l i y y kien n h i n xet cua n h a n dan ve tU each, dao dUc cua can bp, dang vien; x^ ly nghiem moi can bp, dang vien vi pham trach nhiem, p h i m c h i t dao dUc, ldi sd'ng.
Thd tu, day manh hpc t i p va lam theo t i m gUdng dao dUc Hd Chi Minh, dUa viec hpc t i p va lam theo t i m gUdng dao diic Hd Chi Minh trd t h a n h nhiem vu thudng xuyen cua can bp, dang vien, to chUc dang.
T i m gUdng dao diic Hd Chi Minh la tam gUdng cua mpt vi nhan, mpt lanh t u each mang vi dai, nipt chie'n si cdng san chan chinh, nhUng t i m gUdng i y ciing rat doi g i n giii, t h a n quen vdi moi ngUdi dan ma ai ai ciing cd t h i hpc t i p va lam theo NgUdi.
T i m gUdng dao dUc Hd Chi Minh la tam gUdng trpn ddi p h i n di'u, hy sinh vi sii nghiep giai phdng dan tdc, giai phdng giai cip, giai phdng con ngUdi; la t i m gUdng cua y chi va nghi lUc tinh t h i n to Idn, vUpt qua mpi kho khan, thii thach, p h i n di'u vi sU nghiep each mang cao ca.
Do cdn la t i m gUdng ve cin, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cong, vo tU; t a m gUdng ve mdt nep sd'ng gian di va dUc tinh khiem tp'n;
t i m gUdng cua mpt con ngUdi n h a n ai, vi tha, khoan dung, n h a n hau.
Tai Dai hpi XI, Dang ta xac dinh: "Viec hpc t i p va lam theo t i m gUdng dao dUc Ho Chi Minh la nhiem vu quan trpng thudng xuyen, lau dai eua can bd, dang vien... MPi can bp, dang vien khdng ngiing tu dudng, ren luyen dao diic each mang, thiic sii la mpt t i m gUdng ve p h i m chi't dao diie, ldi sd'ng..."(14).
Hpe t i p va lam theo t i m gUdng dao diic Hd Chi Minh se gdp p h a n to Idn trong viec k h i c phuc chu nghia ca nhan, benh
kinh nghidm, giao dieu, tp quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phi... va la mdt trong nhiing giai phap quan trpng -de ngan chan sU suy thoai ve chinh tri, tU tudng, dao dUc, ldi song dang dien r a d mpt bp p h i n khong nhd can bp, dang vien nUdc ta hien nay.
Trong c i u t n i c n h a n each eua con ngUdi noi chung, cua can bp, dang vien ndi rieng, dao diie luon la "'goe", la "nen tang" Tai n a n g chi dUdc p h a t t r i l n va phat huy tac dung tren nen tang dao diic hudng thien, vi con ngUdi, vi sii tie'n bp xa hpi. Trong mpi giai doan each mang, can bp ludn ddng vai trd quan trpng, la nhan td' quyet dinh sii t h a n h bai cua each mang. Cham lo dao tao, ren luyen can bp, dang vien ca ve pham ehat dao diic va nang lUc hoat dpng thUc t i l n la cdng viec thUdng xuyen, la trach nhiem chinh tri cua Dang ta hien nay.
Su suy thoai v l chinh tri, tu tudng, dao diic, ldi sd'ng; tinh trang vi pham ky luat cua Dang, phap luat va chinh sach cua Nha nUdc; n a n chay chiic, ,chay quyen, chay bang cap, v.v. la mpt hien tupng ed that, dang d i i n r a trong mdt bp p h i n can bd, dang vien nUdc ta hien nay.
Song, t u tudng tich eiie v i n la xu the' chu dao trong ddi sdng xa hdi ndi chung, trong can bp, dang vien ndi rieng. Da sd can bd, dang vien va n h a n dan p h i n khdi, tin tudng vao Dang, Nha nUde, vao cdng cupc ddi mdi va t r i l n vpng p h a t t r i l n cua da't nUdc. Dudi sU lanh dao diing d i n va sang sud't cua Dang, n h a n dan ta n h i t dinh se thiie hien dUdc muc tieu cao ca la xay diing dat nUdc ta dan giau, nUdc manh, dan chu, eong bang, van minh, viing bude di len chu nghia xa hpi. •
(14) Dang C6ng san ViSt Nam. Sdd., tr. 257 - 258.
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