N H O N G TinJNG DONG VA KHAC BIET
TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE THj TRI/OfNG TAG DONG DEN CONG TAG XAY DUING DANG GI LAO VA VIET NAM
PGS, TS LUXJ DAT THUYET'*
P
hat triln kinh tl thi trudng (KTTT) dinh hudng XHCN vd xay dyng dang cdng san cdm quyen cd quan he chat che vd tdc ddng qua lai lan nhau, dd la mdi quan he bien chung gifta co sd kinh te vd kien true thugng tdng. Trong dudng ldi phdt trien ddt nudc, Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam da xdc dinli: phdt trien kinh te la nhiem vu tmng tam, xay dyng Ddng Id nhiem vu then chdt. Dang mudn eung cd dia vi cam quyen thi phdi ndm vftng quyen chu dgng lanh dao, gidi quyet kip thdi vd htru bieu nhtrng vdn de ddt ra trong bdi cdnh mdi.Tuy cd Viet Nam vd Lao deu thye bien cdng cuge ddi mdi todn dien ddt nudc, nhung do sy ehenh lech ve trinh do phdt trien cua nen kinh te va "su tbi trudng boa"
trong cac boat ddng kinh te khdc nhau, nen Viet Nam chu truong ddy manh phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, cdn Ldo thi phdt trien nen kinh te bang hod nhieu thdnh phdn van hdnh theo co che tbi trudng cd su qudn ly cua nha nude (giai doan thdp cua KTTT dinh hudng XHCN). Theo dd, su tdc ddng cua qud trinh phdt triln KTTT den Ddng va xay dung ddng cdng sdn cdm quyen d mdi
(*) Hoc vien Chinli tri - Hanh cliinh quoc gia Ho Chf Minh.
nudc cd nhting diem tuong ddng vd khdc biet. Viec phan tich, lam ro van de nay cd y nghia rdt thiet thuc cd ve Iy ludn va thuc tien ddi vdi Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam vd Dang Nhan ddn cdch mang Lao.
1. Nhiing tuffng dong trong su tac dong cua qua trinh phat trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN den Dang va xay dung dang cong san cam quyen d Viet Nam va Lao
Trudc het Id tuong ddng trong su tdc dpng tic cimg co sd ly lugn, chinh tri trong nghien ciru ly lugn KTTT dinh hudng XHCN cita hai nudc.
Ve CO sd ly ludn: Deu dya tren nen tang Id chu nghia Mdc - Lenin lam kim chi nam cho hanh ddng eua Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam va Ddng Nhan ddn cdch mang Ldo.
Cung the gidi quan vd phuang phap ludn mdcxit, chu nghia duy vat lich su Id co sd cua cdc hoat ddng nghien cun ly ludn vd tdng ket thuc tien cho viec phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN d mdi nudc. Hai nudc deu dua tren co sd ly ludn ve nen kinh te nhieu thdnh phdn cua V.I.Lenin, ddng thdi nghien cun, van dung mdt sd ly thuyet kinh te hge bien dai vd md hinh KTTT tieu bieu tren the gidi. Tft nghien eun, khai thdc
LY LUAN CHiNH TR! 12-2010 69
nhftng gia tri dich thuc, phd bien trong cdc CO sd ly ludn neu tren de van dung vao dilu kien cu the eua Viet Nam vd Ldo hinh thdnh chinh sach va Id trinh phat triln KTTT dinh hudng XHCN d mdi nude phu hgp vdi bdi cdnh the gidi ngdy nay'''.
Ve ca sd chinh tri: 0 cd hai nudc Viet Nam \ a Lao deu chi cd mdt ddng duy nhdt:
Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam va Ddng Nhan dan each mang Lao cdm quyen (khdng ed ddng ddi lap va cung khdng cd thiet che ddi trgng) la mdt thuc the chinh tri cua cdch mang Viet Nam vd Ldo. Dd ciing Id mdt thuan Igi co bdn cua each mang hai nudc.
Trudc khi thuc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi todn dien ddt nudc, cd hai nudc deu trdi qua mdt thdi ky tim tdi thu nghiem cho viec chuyen ddi tft nen kinh te ke hoach tap trung bao cap sang KTTT dinh budng XHCN. Qud trinh nay my chua du sue dot pha de tao ra budc ngoat cdn bdn trong quan diem ly ludn vd thuc tien ve phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, nhung da thdy rd su cdn thiet phdi chuyen ddi nen kinh te, cQng nhu vai trd cua thi trudng, cua quy ludt gia tri, cua quan he hanh hod - tien te trong nen kinh te qudc dan. Tft uu the chinh tri cua minh. Dang cdm quyen d Lao vd Viet Nam da trd thanh ngudi khdi xudng vd lanh dao su nghiep ddi mdi ddt nudc.
Tai Dai hgi VI (1986) Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da de ra dudng ldi ddi mdi todn dien ddt nudc, md ddu qud trinh chuyen tft nen kinh te ke hoach tap trung, bao cdp sang nin kinh t l hdng hod nhieu thanh phdn, van hdnh theo co chi thi trudng cd su quan Iy cua nhd nudc, theo dinh hudng XHCN. Din Dai hdi IX (2001) Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam khdng dinh: phat trien KTTT dinh budng XHCN, coi dd la "md binh
tdng quat cua Viet Nam trong thdi ky qua do Ien chu nghia xa bdi"'^'. Nhd nudc Vi?t Nam da tbi cbi hod chu truang, dudng ldi dd vd tich cue td chuc thuc hien nd trong thuc tien.
C) Ldo, tai Dai hdi IV (1986) Dang Nhdn dan cdch mang Ldo dd khang dinh ddi mdi tu duy, thuc hien cdng eugc ddi mdi ddt nudc. Dai hdi V xac dinh rd them: "... Tiep tuc su nghiep ddi mdi todn dien... Khuyen khich phdt trien manh me kinh te hdng hod...
su dung CO che thi trudng cd sy dieu tiet cua nhd nudc"'^'. Den Dai hdi VIII Ddng khdng dinh: "Sy phdt trien kinh te nudc ta la fren CO sd CO chi KTTT dinh hudng XHCN"'^'.
Thic hai, qud trinh chuyen ddi kinh te, cd hai nudc deu bdt ddu tit chuyen doi quan he sd hitu, tic nen kinh te dua tren che dp cong hitu ve tu lieu sdn xudt sang nen kinh te cd nhieu hinh thiec hitu.
Cd the ndi, chuyen ddi sd hiiu Id net ddc tnmg chung cd y nghla quyet dinh trong qua trinh chuyen ddi kinh te d hai nudc Viet Nam, Lao. Thuc te d cd Lao va Viet Nam cho thdy, chuyen ddi sd hiiu la chuyen tu co cdu sd hftu dua tren che do cdng htru XHCN chiem vi ciu myet ddi sang co cdu nhieu hinh thftc sd htru, trong dd ty trgng sd hftu nhd nudc giam xudng, ty trgng sd hftu tu nhdn, sd htru ngodi nhd nudc ngdy cdng tdng len. Theo dd cdc thanh phdn kinh tl cting da dang hod ban tnrdc, ngodi kinh tl nhd nudc, kinh te tap the, cdn cd kinh tl tu nhdn, kinh te cd vdn ddu tu nudc ngodi, kinh tl tu bdn nhd nudc cung tdn tai vd phdt triln ldu dai, hgp tdc vd canh tranh Idnh manh. Su chuyin ddi cua ha tdng kinh te dd se ed nhiing tae dgng nhdt dinh ddi vdi thugng tang kiln tnic, ddi vdi dang cdm quyin, cung nhu
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cdng tdc xdy dung Dang va he thdng chinh tri ndi chung d mdi nudc.
Thie ba, qud trinh chuyen sang KTTT dinh hudng XHCN d cd Viet Nam vd Ldo deu la qud trinh /my dpng tdt cd cdc yeu td kinh te vdo sdn xudt theo nguyen tdc thi trudng, hinh thdnh gid cd thi trudng theo quan he cung - cdu vd hogt dpng ciia quy lugt gid tri.
Chuyen sang kinh te hang hod nhieu thanh phdn (d Ldo) va KTTT dinh hudng XHCN (d Viet Nam ) ed hai nude deu thfta nhdn hoat dgng cua co che thi trudng. Cdc yeu td ddu vdo cua sdn xudt deu cdn dugc phdn phdi theo co che thi trudng; mgi bdng boa, dich vu sdn xuat ra deu phdi dugc mua bdn tren tbi trudng theo gid thoa thuan, coi trgng hieu qua kinh te - xa hgi. Cd Ldo va Viet Nam deu khuyen khich phdt trien ddng bd cdc yeu td thi trudng va cac loai thi trudng CO bdn. Nhung do bai nudc mdi chuyen nin kiiiii te sang boat ddng theo ca che thi trudng, he thdng tbi trudng dang d giai doan ddu cua qua trinh chuyen ddi, nen viec hinh thdnh vd phdt trien cac loai thi trudng deu gap khdng it khd khfn va lung tiing. Trong nhting ndm ddu chuyen ddi, he thdng tbi trudng cua cd bai nudc cd nhieu diem tuong ddng: Mpt la, su hinh thanh vd phdt trien he thdng thi trudng d Viet Nam vd Ldo deu dua tren co sd chuyen tft mgt nen kinli te bien vat, ke hoach hda tap tmng, quan lieu, bao cap. Hai la, be thdng thi trudng d cd hai nudc chua duge binh thdnh mdt cdch ddng bg. Ba Id, cac quan he tbi trudng tuy da dugc xdc lap vd cd tdc ddng chi phdi, nhung cdc quan he phi thi trudng vdn cdn tdn tai, nhdt Id ddi vdi cdc loai hdng hod, dich vu quan trgng nhu:
dien, than, xdng ddu, lai sudt ngdn hdng, ty gid bdi dodi.
Thic tu, qud trinh chuyen sang kinh te hdng hod d Ldo vd KTTT d Viet Nam deu Id qud trinh gidm ddn vd di den xod bd che dp bao cdp, xdy dung mpt co che tic chu, tu chiu trdch nhiem cua cdc dem vi sdn xudt kinh doanh, cung nhu cdc don vi su nghiep nhu:
gido due, y te, khoa hgc, vdn hod the thao...
Trong nen kinh te ke hoach tap trung, bao cdp, cdc doanh nghiep nha nudc dugc bdo dam ve vdn, nguyen vat lieu, tien luong ehi trd eho ngudi lao ddng... Cdc don vi sy nghiep cung dua vdo ngudn vdn ngdn sach nhd nudc, boat ddng theo ke hoach dugc giao, sdn phdm tao ra cQng ca bdn do nha nudc phdn phdi.
Qud trinh chuyen ddi kinh te, cung vdi viec da dang hod sd hiiu, sd lugng va ty le cdc doanh nghiep nhd nudc gidm dan vd che do bao cdp cQng ttmg budc dugc loai bd. Cdc doanh nghiep nha nudc dugc giao quyen ehu ddng trong boat ddng sdn xudt kinh doanh lay thu bu cbi, ty chiu trdch nhiem. Nha nudc cQng khdng cap vdn luu dgng nhu trudc, md doanh nghiep phai tu huy ddng thdng qua quan be tin dung vdi cac ngan hang, bode tren tbi trudng chiing khodn. Cac don vi su nghiep cQng dugc trao quyen tu chu, tung budc chuyen sang boat ddng theo ca che doanh nghiep, gidm ddn che do bao cap cua nha nudc. Vdi nhtrng cai cdch ca che qudn ly phu hgp, tinh ndng dgng vd theo dd bieu qua boat ddng cua cdc danh nghiep vd cdc don vi sy nghiep da dugc ndng len, kha ndng canh tranh cua chung cQng ddn duge cdi thien.
Tuy vdy, qud trinh thuc hien cung gap khdng it khd khdn, nhu viec thuc hien
LV LUAN CHiNH TR! 12-2010 71
quyen tu chu ve tdi chinh ciia cdc co sd thugc cdc ngdnh y te vd gido due - dao tao.
Thic ndm, qud trinh chuyen sang kinh te hdnh hod, KTTT dinh hud'ng XHCN d Ldo vd Viet Nam ciing la qud trinh chuyen doi ddn vai trd kinh te cua nhd nudc.
Trong nen kinh te ke hoach tap trung bao cdp, nhd nudc ddng vai trd true tiep trong boat dgng sdn xudt kinh doanh. Mgi khdu cua qua trinh tdi sdn xudt dugc tien hdnh dudi su chi dao va giam sat true tiep cua nhd nudc. Mgi quan he kinh te deu dugc gidi quyet tap trung thdng qua cdc co quan qudn ly nha nudc, theo tu tudng cd nudc Id mdt cdng xudng khdng Id ma nha nftdc la chu sd htru vd qudn ly.
Trong qud trinh chuyen ddi kinh te d hai nudc Viet Nam vd Lao, cdc quan he hang hod - tien te, quan he thi trudng vd tu do hod thuong mai ttmg budc dugc thiet lap thay cbo quan he phi thi trudng vd menh lenh bdnh chinh. Theo dd, vai trd kinh te cua nhd nudc cQng thay ddi, tft vai trd cua ngudi qudn ly true tiep nen kinh te thdng qua ke hoach, kiem tra, cbi dao thuc hien, nhd nudc chuyen ddn sang thye hien vai trd Id ngudi thuc day, tao mdi trudng vd trgng tdi ddi vdi tat cd cac chu the kinh te. Ddng thdi, nhd nudc tap trung vao viec eung cap cac hdng hod vd dich vu cdng cdng, xdy dung vd thye thi phdp ludt, xdy dyng vd khuyen khich thuc hien chiln luge phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi.
Cd Viet Nam vd Lao deu thye hien chuyen ddi nen kinh te theo phuang chdm vfta 1dm vfta nit kinh nghiem, nen qud trinh chuyen sang nen kinh te hang hod nhilu thanh phdn van hanh theo co che thi trudng cd su qudn ly cua nhd nude theo dinh
hudng XHCN d Ldo va KTTT dinh hudng XHCN d Viet Nam dien ra tft tu, tuan tu;
ttmg budc chuyin ddi kinh tl tren co sd ddm bdo dn dinh chinh tri - xa hgi; gan tang trudng, phdt trien kinh tl ben vftng vdi dn dinh vd phat trien xa hdi.
Nhftng tuong ddng neu tren da va dang tdc dgng tuong ddng ddi vdi dang cam quyen d hai nudc, trudc het la tu duy kinh te, theo dd lanh dao chuyen ddi nen kinh te qudc ddn sang van hanh theo co che thi trudng cd sy qudn ly cua nha nudc XHCN;
thuc hien da dang hod cdc hinh thue sd htru, nhieu thdnh phdn kinh te cung tdn tai ldu ddi vd binh ddng trudc phap ludt; ddi mdi che do phdn phdi... Trong qud trinh chuyen sang KTTT, viec thfta nhdn nhieu thdnh phdn kinh te cung tdn tai ldu ddi vd binh dang trudc phdp ludt khdng chi tdc ddng den chinh sach phdt trien kinh te md cdn duge the hien ngay trong phdn dau cua Dieu le Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam: "Dang...
Id ddi tien phong cua giai cdp cdng nhdn, ddng thdi Id ddi tien phong cua nhdn ddn lao ddng va cua ddn tdc Viet Nam; dai bieu trung thdnh Igi ich cua giai cap cdng nhdn, cua nhdn dan lao ddng vd cua dan tdc". Vdi su thay ddi va bd sung nay se cd nhting ddi mdi nhat dinh trong cdng tdc xdy dung Dang cd ve chinh tri, tu tudng vd td chftc.
2. Nhirng khae biet trong su tac dong cua qua trinh phat triin KTTT djnh hirdng XHCN den Dang va cong tac xay dung Dang Cong san cam quyen d Viet Nam va Lao
Diem khdc biet ddu tien trong chuyen ddi kinh te tgo ra su tdc dpng khdng gidng nhau giita Ldo vd Viet Nam la trinh dp phdt trien khdc nhau ciia hai nen kinh li. Tuy
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Viet Nam va Lao cung cdng bd chinh thuc thuc hien chuyin ddi kinh tl vao ndm 1986, nhung diem xudt phdt cua Viet Nam Id tft nen kinh t l ed sdn xudt bang hod chuyen sang phdt triln kinh tl hang hod nhieu thanh phdn, da sd bun dinh hudng XHCN, coi trgng vai trd cua kinh tl qudc doanh vd kinh te tap thi vd thuc bien hach todn kinh doanh XHCN. Din ndm 2001 chuyin sang phdt triln KTTT dinh hudng XHCN. Trong khi nen kinh te Ldo luc dd Id nen kinh te ty nhien vd nua tir nhien, tu cdp, tu tuc tien ddn len phdt trien kinh te hdng boa nhieu thdnh phdn dinh hudng XHCN. Trong mdy thdp nien gdn ddy, vung ddng bang dge song Me Kdng gidp vdi Thdi Lan da phat trien san xudt hdng hda theo ca che KTTT;
tuy vdy, kinh te tu nliien vd kinh te nfta ty nhien vdn Id phd bien... Xudt phdt tft nhftng dieu kien khdc nhau dd, Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam vd Ddng Nhdn dan cdch mang Lao can phdi cd nhftng chu truong, dudng ldi, budc di va gidi phdp khdc nhau cho phu hgp vdi trinh do thuc tien trong tftng giai doan phdt trien cua mdi nudc.
Hai la, su khdc biet ve tiem ndng vd ngudn luc phdt trien Irong qud trinh chuyen sang KTTT tdc dpng den Ddng vd cdng tdc xdy dung ddng cdm quyen d Ldo vd Viet Nam. Qua trinh chuyen ddi kinh te, do Viet Nam cd nhieu tiem ndng hon Lao trong phat trien kinh te, dan sd ddng tren 86 trieu ngudi, ngudn nhdn lyc ddi ddo tren 50 trieu lao ddng (2010); dung lugng thi trudng Idn, cd nhieu mat hdng xudt khdu chu luc cd sue canh tranh tren thi trudng qudc t l nhu ddu Ifta, gao, cd phe, bdi sdn,...
He thdng cdc tbi trudng co bdn da dugc binh thdnh, trong dd thi trudng hdng hod, dich vu phdt trien khd cao. C» Lao, do ddn
sd chua nhilu, khoang tren 6 trieu ngudi (nam 2010), lyc lugng lao dgng cdn ban che ed ve sd lugng vd trinh do chuyen mdn;
kinh te hdng hod chua phdt trien nen sue canh tranh cua nhieu loai hdng hod, djch vu edn ban che; he thdng thi trudng cdn sa khai, ca sd ha tang kinh te - xd hgi chua phdt trien, thdng tin lien lac vd giao thdng van tai cdn khd klian; giao due, y te vd nhieu ITnh vyc khdc eua ddi sdng xa hgi chua cd dieu kien de ddu tu phdt trien. Vdi su khdc biet ve tiem ndng vd ngudn luc trong phat trien kinh te, nen qud trinh chuyen sang kinh te hdng boa hay KTTT dinh budng XHCN cdc yeu td nay tu nd da ddt ra nhiing yeu cdu khdc nhau ma Ddng Nhdn ddn cdch mang Lao va Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam cdn quan tdm gidi quyet trong cdng tdc xdy dung Ddng cung nhu trong lanh dao xay dung, phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi d mdi nudc.
Ba la, su khdc nhau ve ndng luc hpi nhap kinh te quoc te trong qud trinh chuyen sang KTTT. Ca Viet Nam va Ldo deu ehinh thuc thuc hien chuyen ddi kinh te vd hdi nhap kinh te qudc te tft nam 1986. Song, ndng luc thuc tien hgi nhap kinh te qudc te eua hai nudc tft dd den nay van cdn cd su khdc biet. Kinh te ddi ngoai cua Viet Nam phdt trien manh vd nhanh ban. Thdng 7- 1995, Viet Nam trd thdnh thdnh vien chinh thftc cua Hiep hgi cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) va tham gia vdo Khu vue mdu dich tu do Ddng Nam A (AFTA); thdng 3-
1996 tham gia Dien dan hgp tae A - Au (ASEM); thdng 1-2007 trd thdnh vien chinh thuc cua Td chuc Thuong mai the gidi (WTO) vd budc ddu da thuc bien khd thanh cdng nhftng cam ket vdi td chuc ndy. Hoat ddng xudt khdu khdng ngung tdng, nlu nhu
LY LUAN CHlNH TR! 12-2010 73
nam 1990 kim ngach xudt khau mdi dat 2,4 ty USD thi ndm 2003 dat 20,14 ty USD, nam 2006 dat 39,6 ty USD, nam 2007 dat 48,38 ty USD, nam 2010 dat tren 70 ty USD. Ve thu hut vdn ddu tu nude ngodi cung tang len rd ret. Ke tu khi Ludt Ddu tu nudc ngodi tai Viet Nam dugc thye hien (1988) din nam 2005 da cd 7.279 du an vdi tdng sd vdn dang ky la 66.244 trieu USD, tdng vdn thuc hien la 33.315,3 trieu USD.
Nam 2005 khu vue ed vdn ddu tu nude ngodi ddng gdp 15,9% GDP, gdn 10% tdng thu ngdn sdch, tren 17% tdng vdn ddu tu xd hgi, tren 32% kim ngach xudt khdu (khdng ke ddu khi). Nam 2008, cd 50 qudc gia vd vung lanh thd ddng ky ddu tu vdi sd vdn tren 100 ty USD...
Kinh te ddi ngoai vd hgi nhap kinh te qudc te cua Ldo tuy da cd nhieu cd gdng:
nam 1997 Ldo trd thanh thanh vien cua Hiep hdi cdc qudc gia Ddng Nam A vd tham gia vdo Khu vue mdu dich tir do Ddng Nam A (AFTA), dang thuc ddy qud trinh hgi nhap kinh te vdi cdc nudc trong chdu luc va tren the gidi, nhung hien nay, kinh te ddi ngoai vd hdi nhap kinh te qudc te cua Ldo vdn cdn ban che so vdi Viet Nam cd be rdng, quy md vd chieu sdu trong cdc quan he kinh te qudc te.
Do su khdc nhau ve mu'c do hdi nhap kinh te qudc te trong qud trinh phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN gifta Viet Nam vd Ldo da vd dang cd nhftng tdc dgng khdc biet ddi vdi Ddng vd cdng tdc xdy dirng dang cdm quyen d mdi nudc. Chdng ban, cd sy khdc nhau ve chinh sdch, budc di vd cdc gidi phdp trong hgi nhap kinh te qudc te nham gidm thieu nhftng rui ro cd the cd, dam bao su phdt trien nhanh va ben vung cua mdi nudc. Theo dd cung cd nhftng tdc
ddng khdc biet tuang tu edn phdi luu y trong cdng tdc xdy dung ddng cam quyen d Ldo vd Viet Nam.
Bdn Id, su tdc dpng khdc biet tic chinh sic twang ddng ve co sd ly lugn vd thuc tien phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN cua hai
nudc. Hai nude Ldo vd Viet Nam cung Idy chu nghia Mac - Lenin lam ca sd de nghien cuu ly ludn phdt trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN, ddng thdi cdn coi trgng van dung kinh nghiem phdt trien KTTT cua cdc nudc tren the gidi trong qud trinh thye hien chuyen ddi kinh te cua nudc minh. Viec nghien eun ly ludn vd van dung kinh nghiem cua cdc nude tren the gidi ddi hdi cd Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam vd Ddng Nhdn ddn each mang Ldo can phdi nam vftng vd van dung sdng tao ly ludn Mdc - Lenin (d Viet Nam, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh cung la nen tdng tu tudng) de tu ddi mdi cho phu hgp vdi dieu kien d trong nudc cung nhu xu the phat trien cua thai dai. Tft su tdc ddng khdc biet nay da eho thdy su khdc nhau ve chu truong vd Id trinh phdt trien KTTT cua mdi Ddng d mdi nudc...
Nhu vdy, vdi nhung tuong ddng vd kliac biet trong sy tdc dgng cua qua trinh phdt trien KTTT dinh budng XHCN den Ddng vd cdng tae xay dung ddng cdng sdn cdm quyen d Ldo vd Viet Nam neu tren, mdt Idn nfta lai klidng dinh mdi quan he bien chiing gifta thugng tang kien tnic vd ha tdng ca sd; mdi quan he chat che vd su tdc ddng qua lai gifta hai nhiem vu: nhiem vu "trung tdm" - phat trien kirdi te vd nhiem vu "then chdt" - xdy dung Ddng.
Phdt triln KTTT dinh hirdng XHCN Id vdn de mdi, phuc tap vd chua cd tiln le, ca Viet Nam va Ldo cdn phai tiep tuc hgp tdc
74 LY LUAN CHiNH TRI 12-2010
nghien euu hodn thien till cbi cua nen kinh te ndy, 1dm ca sd ly ludn cho viec phdt triln kinh tl d mdi nudc. Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam vd Dang Nhdn ddn cdch mang Ldo cd vai trd ddc biet quan trgng ddi vdi sir nghiep cdch mang, eung nhu dinh hudng phdt triln KTTT d hai nude Viet Nam vd Lao. Viec nghien cuu va 1dm rd nhung tuang ddng vd khdc biet trong su tac ddng cua qud trinh phat trien KTTT dinh hudng XHCN den Ddng vd cdng tdc xdy dung Ddng cdm quyen d hai nudc gdp phdn cung cdp them nhtrng ludn cu khoa hgc cho cdng tdc xay dung Ddng vd ddi mdi phuong thuc lanh dao cua Ddng trong dieu kien mdi Id rdt can thiet. Tren ca sd dd, cdng tdc xay dung Ddng cam quyen d Viet Nam va Lao se dugc tang cudng vd ddi mdi todn dien de klidng ngftng ndng cao ndng luc cdm quyen vd sue chien ddu cua Ddng, dap ling duge mgi yeu cdu cua thai ky mdi d mdi nudc.
(1),(2) GS,TS Le Huu NghTa, GS,TS Chu Van Cap, GS,TS Hoang Chi Bao, PGS,TS Luu Dat Thuylt:
Nhimg vdn de ly ludn vd thuc tien phdt then kinh te thi trud'ng dinh hudng xd hpi chii nghTa d Viet Nam vd Ldo, NXB Chinh tri - Hanh chinh, HaNoi, 2010, tr.l88, 190.
(3) Dien vdn khai mgc Dgi hoi V Ddng Nhdn ddn cdch mgng Ldo cua
Tdng Bi thu Kaysdn Phomvihan. Tap chi Ahmmay, thang 4-1991, tr.26.
(4) Vdn kien Dgi hdi VIII Ddng Nhdn ddn cdch mgng Ldo, Tap chi Ahmmay. 2006, tr.53.
Dm NM^N Dm WW M6NG L^O...
(Tie'p theo trang 68)
- Chuyen dich co cau kinh te ndng thdn gdn li6n vdi bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai. Trong mdt thdi gian dai do nhan thuc khdng diing, coi thien nhien la vd tan va la didu kien can cd cho cudc sd'ng cua con ngudi, nen con ngudi da it quan tdm den viec bao ve mdi trudng ty nhien. Gan ddy chung ta da nhan thuc dugc hdu qua cua viec buy hoai mdi trudng ty nhien d mftc nghiem trgng, trong dd nhftng ngudi boat ddng d Iinb vyc ndng nghiep va ndng thdn cd vai trd bet sftc quan trgng. Tft nhan thftc dd, trong cdng tdc chi dao da ttmg budc lam chuyin dich eg cau kinh te theo budng ke't hgp hieu qua kinh te - xd hdi vdi bao ve mdi trudng ty nhien, xdy dyng nen ndng nghiep sinh thai. Cac vung, cac dia phuong can phai tim kiem cdch thuc tien hanh va budc di phu hgp vdi ddc diem ttmg tieu vung de cd bieu qua trong qua trinh tien hanh chuyen dich co ca'u kinh te ndng thdn.
- Tang trudng kinh te ndng nghiep tren co sd tung budc dau tu phat trien cac ngudn lyc, xdy dyng co sd ha tdng ky thudt cho ndng nghiep, ndng thdn.
Tang trudng kinh te ndng nghiep phu thuge vdo nhieu nhdn td, trong dd cd nhftng nhdn td co bdn nhu vdn, khoa hgc ky thudt, ngudn luc lao ddng chinh Id ngudi ndng dan... Ddy la nhtrng nhdn td co bdn cua tdng trudng kinh te ben vftng. Ngoai ra cdn cd cdc ngudn luc co sd vat chat ky thudt cua ndng nghiep khae la nhftng yeu td vat chdt cua lyc lugng sdn xudt trong ndng nghiep nhu: rugng ddt, cdy trdng, con gidng, mdy mdc, phuong tien van chuyen, phdn bdn, nhtrng cdng trinh thuy lgi, kho chfta..., trong dd giao thdng van tdi phdi di trudc mdt budc va la van de quan trgng nhdt trong xdy dung ket cdu ha tdng d ndng thdn. Cac yeu td nay cd quan be chat che vdi nhau va ket qud cuoi cung cua san xudt ndng nghiep phu thugc vdo tdt cd nhftng yeu td dd, khdng dugc coi nhe bdt eu mdt yeu td nao.
(1) Dang NDCM Lao: Nghi quyet Dai boi lan thir VII, tr.23.
(2) Nam 2006-2007 chan nuoi tiep tuc phat trien theo ke hoach tang khoang 4%; nam 2007-2008 chi tieu san xuai thit va ca tang khoang 4-5%.
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