c u o c CHIEN THLfONG MAI MY - TRUNG:
CO HOI VA THACH THL/C DOI Vdl ASEAN
PHAM THI THANH BINH*
VU IVHAT QUANG**
Tom tat: Bdi viit phdn tich nguy&n nhdn sdu xa cua cuoc chien thUang mgi giUa hai cudng qudc ddng dau thi gidi deu co sde mgnh Id My vd Trung Qudc. Ddng thdi ddnh gid nhdng tdc dong CUA cudc chiin thuang mgi tdi cdc nUdc ASEAN. Bong Nam A cdn tdng cudng hdi nhap qudc te, day mgnh lien kit ndi khdi vd thUc ddy ddu tu ndi dia di ndng cao khd ndng, ndng luc tu cudng ciia cdc nin kinh ti khu vUc vd ddng vUng trong cudc chien thuong mgi.
Ti£ khda: My, Trung Qudc, Bdng Nam A, cuoc chien thUOng mgi, ca hgi, thdch thdc
M
pi cudc ddi dau dii dUdi hinh thiJe chiln tranh lanh, chiln tranh ndng hay chien tranh thUdng mai se khdng tao ra ngUdi chien thing. Lich sil da chiing minh, cae cudc chid'n thupng mai tUng dan tdi tinh trang tri tre kinh te*-^', van de chi la mile thiet hai nhilu it, phu liiude vao vi t h i va siic manh cua eae nUde.My manh ve silc manh tdng hdp va vai trd lanh dao the gidi cua mpt sieu cUdng, trong khi Trung Qud'c lai manh v l quyln lUc ciia chinh quyen va kha n&ng huy dpng cac nguon life trong nUdc. Tuy vay, cupc chiln thUdng mai van d i n din thiet hai chd ea hai bdn, tham chi g&y ra thidt hai cho nhilu qud'c gia khac. Ddng Nam A khdng ngoai le va dang trong vong xoay cua cupc chie'n thUdng mai nay.
1. N g u y e n n h a n c u a cupc chie'n thitcfng mai
My phat ddng chie'n tranh thUdng mai Trung - My nham Idem che sU phat trien ciia Trung Qude. Tuy nhien, nguydn nh&n sau xa ciia cupc chie'n thUdng mai dUdc khdi tranh tren rat nhieu van de, tU thue' trong nganh d td cho den quan diem quan ly kinh td'. Tifli chung, cang thang thUdng mai My -Trung bat ngudn tU nhiing ba't ddng cd b a n sau:
Thd nhdt, chgy dua trong phdt triin cong nghe caxP-^. Gang thang thUdng mai My - Trung b&t nguon tU tranh ch&'p trong nganh cdng nghe dUdc khdi ngudn vdi kd' hoach day tham vpng cua Trung Qud'e
"Made in China 2025" (che tao tai Trung Qudc nam 2025). Trung Qud'e nham muc
* PGS. TS. Pham Thi Thanh Binh, ** ThS. Vu Nhat Quang, Vi|n Kinh te va Chinh tri The gidi
14 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A, so 4/2019 tieu se dUng dau nhieu nganh cdng nghe
tren the gidi, tU nganh robot cho den d td dien, sif dung cdng nghe lam bd phdng cho tang tnfdng kinh t l va cam k i t se cho phep cac edng ty nUdc ngoai tiep c&n nhieu hdn vdi nganh san xuat Trung Qud'c. My cho ring, "Made in China 2025" la ke hoach vl linh vuc khoa hpe ky thuat cao, cd tilm life thach thUe nganh khoa hpc cdng nghe eao cua My, thach thUc nghiem trpng Uu the cot ldi ciia My, mac dii Men cac cdng nghd hat nh&n phuc vu eho chien lUde nay ciia Trung Qud'c v&n nam trong tay My. Nghien cUu va phat triln (R&D) la ddng life ehu ye'u quylt dinh tUdng lai cua phat trien cdng nghd. Nam 2016, Trung Qudc dau tU 410,2 ty USD cho R&D vdi 3 trieu nhan life, trong khi My dlu tU 464,3 ty USD vdi 2,9 tridu nh&n life. Dii bao, dau tU cho R&D cua Tnmg Qud'c se vUdt My nam 2019'^^. Thdng qua cude chie'n thUdng mai, My mudn ngan can eae doanh nghiep My dang dlu tu d Trung Qud'c ehuyen giao cdng nghe hat nh&n cho Trung Qud'c**'. Hien My ban che' dau tu va xuat khau trong cic linh viic nhu khoa hpc cdng nghe eao de lam cham t i l n trinh duoi kip va vUdt qua cua Trung Qud'c. Phat ddng chie'n tranh thUdng mai Trung - My cung la nham kiem che sii phat trien cua nganh khoa hpe ky thuat cao ciia Trung Qud'c.
Thd hai, du thda cdng sudt ngdnh thep cua Trung Qud'c. My eao budc Trung Qud'e ban thep vdi mUe gia ban dUdi gia thj trUdng. Nam 2017, Trung Qud'c san xu&'t 832 trieu t i n thdp (Idn hdn t i n g s i n lUdng thep eiia DUc va Phap cdng lai), trong khi chi tieu thu 737 trieu tan'^^'. Trung Qud'e dang thue sif san xu&'t qua nhieu thdp mac du ehinh phu Trung Qud'c da cd' gang eat giam s i n xu&'t, ddng thdi ap dung nhung quy chuan chat che hdn trong nganh. Vdi muc tieu chinh la nham vao ngknh san
xuit thdp Trung Qud'c, cbinh quyen Tdng thd'ng Trump da cdng b l d i n h thud' vdi nhom, thep nhap khau vao My (3/2018).
Thd ba, cdng thdng trong quyin tiip can thi trUdng. Tbi trUdng Trung Qud'e ludn la ndi md Udc va Trung Qudc eho phep nUdc ngoai tiep c i n d l danh ddi lly quyen sd hijflj cdng nghe. Cac boat dpng dau tU nUdc ngoai tai Trung Qud'c da mang lai nhieu ldi nhuan dii de cac doanh nghidp chap nhan nhUdng lai edng nghe cho Trung Qud'c. Mue tieu cua My la ngan chan cac hoat ddng chuyen giao cdng nghd thdng qua dau tU trUe tid'p nudc ngoai (FDI) tu My sang Trung Qudc. Mue tieu mk My nham tdi khi giam thud' eho eae doanh nghiep My la d l hp chim dUt dau tU tai Trung Qud'c. Ket qua 6/10 doanh nghiep My da rdt khdi thi trUdng Trung Qud'c (12/2016).
Thd tu, thdm hut thuang mgi cua My vdi Trung Quoc tdng cao. Trao ddi hang hoa My-Trung dat 620 ty USD, nhUng th&m hut thUdng mai eua My vdi Trui^
Qud'c Idn dd'n 384 ty USD (2017)(6>,vUdt xa mCfc thang dU thUdng mai dich vu efia My (38 ty USD) va tUdng dUdng gan nifa thlm hut thUdng mai My vdi eae nudc tren the gidi. My da yeu elu Trung Qudc giam 100 ty USD tham hut thUdng mai. Tuy nhien, Trung Qudc se ehi giam tham hut thUdng mai vdi My neu My giam bdt cae ban chd trong xuat khIu cdng nghd sang Trung Qud'c. Tham hut thUdng mai tang do Trung Qude nam trong chu6i cung Uiig toan cau:
Tnmg Qud'c nhap khau linh kien de lap dat va sau dd ban hang sang My, chinh vi vay tham hut thUdng mai cao.
Thd ndm, do b&n chdt dinh hudng cua nen kinh te Trung Quoc. Nam 2017, My tu ehdi khdng cdng nhan kinh td Tnmg Qud'e la n l n kinh te' thi tnfdng bdi eho
Pham Thi Thanh B'mh, VU Nhdt Quang - Cuoc chii'n thUOng mgi My - Trung... 15
rang vide nha nUdc can thidp qua nhilu vao thi trudng gay ra sif bdp mdo trong n l n kinh te''^'^''. Yd'u td mat can bang thUdng mai se v i n duy tri trU khi ban cha't eua hai nen kinh td' thay dli. My cin phai t i l t kidm nhilu hdn trong khi Trung Qud'e cin chi tidu nhilu hdn. Tuy nhien, ban chat eua kinh te' Trung Qud'c vd'n phu thude nhilu vao xuat khau va dinh hUdng dau tu eua nha nUde mac dii Trung Qud'c da v l dang ehuyen doi md hinh tang tnfdng d l y manh tieu dung trong nUdc, mua thdm hang ngoai.
Thd sdu, chiin luge thao tdng thi tridmg tien te cua Trung Qudc. Sau khi Trung Qud'c pha gia ddng nh&n d&n td 8%
dl ddi phd vdi chinh sach tang thue hang hda nhap khau tif Trung Qude'^', My chi trich Trung Qude thao tung ddng nh&n d&n td, khid'n nd "rdi nhu mdt vidn da"*^' va mud'n md mdt cupc dieu tra mdi ve quan ly dong nh&n dan td cua Trung Qud'c. Tuy nhien, n l u Trung Qud'c SLf dung vu khi tien te se la lUa chpn nguy hiem bdi nd lam tang nguy cd lam phat d Trung Qud'c.
Them nUa, ciing do khdng dUpc cdng nhan la nen kinh te thi tnfdng, Trung Qudc se chiu anh hudng tren 3 phUdng dien: Mgt Id, cang d l bi tie'p tuc chi trich ban pha gia, thao tung thi tnfdng tiln td; Hai Id, khi khdng dUde cdng nhan la n l n kinh te thi trUdng, Trung Qud'e se bi ap di ngUde cac cam kd't gia nhap WTO; Ba Id, Trung Qud'c bi mang tie'ng xau la "pha hoai cac quy tac tu do thUdng mai" va se d the yeu trong cude chien thUdng mai vdi My.
2. D o n g N a m A t r o n g c u p c c h i e n thtfcfng m a i My - T r u i ^
Gang thang thUdng mai My - Trung khdng chi cd anh hudng Idn hai n l n kinh td' hang dau the gidi, hang loat qud'c gia Ddng Nam A khac ciing chiu tae ddng anh
hudng khong nhd bdi nhilu nudc Ddng Nam A la mdt phan trong d&y chuyen san xu&'t trong khu vifc thUdng mai tU do, chuyen cung cap hnh kidn eho cac mat hang cua Tnmg Qud'c sang My. Ddng Nam A cd mdi quan h | ngoai giao vdi ca My va Trung Qudc, la trung tam xuat khau hang hda tdi the gidi'^°'. NhiJng khd khan, thach thUc ASEAN phai dd'i di^n la:
Thd nhdt, tdng trUdng kinh ti vd thuong mgi giam. Malaysia va Singapore la cac n l n kinh td' gap rui ro cao nhat tai Ddng Nam A vi cudc chie'n thUPng mai My - Trung*^^'. Do eae nUdc nay cd dd md tbudng mai cao vd tham gia nhieu vao chu§i cung ijftig. Dilm chung ciia cac n l n kinh te' Ddng Nam A la tich hdp chat che vao chudi eung iitng toan cau - nhap khau nguyen heu va linh kien tif cac ndi khac tren the gidi, lap rap hoan chinh san p h I m trong nUdc va sau dd ban san pham hoan chinh ra nUdc ngoai. Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia phai dd'i mat vdi rui ro Idn tu chi phi nhap khau cao hdn vd nhu eau xuat khIu it hdn do sU leo thang cua chu nghia bao hd. Td'c dp tang tnidng kinh td' cham se tie'p tuc tai Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore va Thai Lan. GDP eua Malaysia tang 4,4% (quy 111/2018), cua Thai Lan tang 3,3%, thap hdn du kie'n la 4,6%*^^'. Tang tnfdng kinh te' cua Singapore co mUc giam manh nhat, dli bao khoang 2,5% GDP (2019) so vdi 3,3% GDP (2018). MUc tang trUdng chung cua 5 qudc gia ASEAN se giam xuong 4,8%
GDP (2019), so vdi 5% GDP (2018) v l 5,1%
GDP 3(2017)(i3'.
Thd hai, thi trUimg ehdng khodn cham ddy. He qua dlu tien cua cude chie'n thUdng mai My - Trung the hien rd tren eae thi trudng chUng khoan ciia Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia.. Npi te, chUng khoan va trai phieu b&ng dong ndi te eua
16 Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A, so 4/2019 cac n l n kinh td' ASEAN dlu hUdng v l day
ke tu nam 2015. Ddng rupiad ciia Indonesia da sut giam xud'ng miic thap nha't trong hdn 20 nam qua (2007-2018).
Ng&n hang Trung Udng Indonesia da phai nit g i n 10% trong kho dii trijf ngoai hdi de hd trd ddng rupiah'^*^. Chinh phii Indonesia ban che nhap khIu, difng eie dii an hang ty USD de lam ngudi nhu elu USD. Chi sd Straits Times cua Singapore giam 3,7%, chii6ig kholn Malaysia giam 2,1% (2018)<15'.
Thd ba, tdc ddng tieu cUc tdi thi tridmg tdi chinh ASEAN. My t&ng thue tren hang hda Trung Qud'c se la ganh nang tai chinh dd'i vdi cac tap doan qud'c td' cung ling hang hda, nhat la cac san pham cd gia tri cao, trong dd cd cac edng ty va cac doanh nghiep Ddng Nam A dang hoat dpng tai Tnmg Qud'e. Singapore - trung tam tai chinh qud'c te hang dau, da mat ngdi thi trUdng Idn nha't khu vUe Bdng Nam AvI phat hanh co philu do mUc dd md ciia cao cua nen kinh te' khiln Singapore bi anh hudng nhieu hcfn tren thi trudng toan clu.
Dd'i vdi nhiing nen kinh te xua't khau kem hdn nhu Philippines, Indonesia, vide giam gia eua ndi te dong nghia vdi gia tang th&m hut tai khoan vang lai cung nhu ap life lam phat, khien dong ndi te dl mat gia hdn va tham chi, rdi vao khung hoang can can thUdng mai. Ne'u lien kd't npi khdi ASEAN chat che hdn trong cac linh vifc tai ehinh, ng&n hang, tao mang lUdi san xua't theo chudi se la canh ciia giup ASEAN dng phd cude chie'n My - Trung dang leo thang.
Thd tu, tdc ddng den dinh hudng xudt khau cua cdc nudc ASEAN. Nhilu nUdc ASEAN n&m trong chudi mat xich d&y chuyen san xuat ciia khu vifc thUdng mai tu do, chuyen eung cap linh kien eho cac mat hang cua Trung Qud'c sang My se bi tae ddng, nhU det may va thid't hi dien tif.
Khi cac mat hang bi ap thue suat mdi cao, thiet hai gian til^p eua viec &p thue' nhap khIu eao ciia My se rdi vao Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vidt Nam.., budc eae cdng ty phai tang ehi phi, tham chi phai giam vdn dau tU va cd t h i p h l i ddng CLfa khdng boat ddng.
Tang trudng xuat khIu cua Indonesia tdi td nhat giai doan nam 2017-2018. Xuat khIu ciia Philippines sut giam trong thang 11/2018, bao gdm ca sif sut giam ciia cac lo hang dien tif. Xuat khau cua Thai Lan (chie'm hdn 60% GDP) giam 0,1% (9/2018), chu yeu la do sii suy giam trong hang hda xuit khau sang Trung Qudc. Xuit khau chie'm 71% GDP eua Malaysia ciing bi chiing lai. Thue' quan cao khien cac nude Ddng Nam A m&'t them mdt khoan chi phi nhap khau khdng 16 vao quy trinh phan phd'i. Xuat khau giam se tae ddng rat Idn tdi nen kinh te ASEAN.
Tuy nhidn, chie'n tranh thUdng mai My Trung cung mang lai nhiing Ipi ich, cd hpi cho mpt sd nUdc ASEAN nhd sU dich ehuyen trong ehuoi cung ling.
Mot Id, cuoc chiin thuang mgi tgo ra nhieu ca hgi cho ASEAN md rdng quan hp qudc ti. Rao can t h u l quan My ap dat se khiln gia ea cac mat hang Trung Qudc tang cao, lam giam sUc canh tranh cua hang hoa Trung Qud'c. Tan dung cd hpi nay, nhieu edng ty Ddng Nam A xam nhap thi trudng My. Dd'i tUdng dUde ldi Idn la c&c nha xuat khIu thie't bi xii ly dU lieu tii dpng, phu kien nmy bay, dUdc pham cua Singapore - vd'n canh tranh true tid'p vdi Trung Qud'e tren thi trUdng My. ASEAN se trd thanh dilm de'n blip dan hdn cho dlu tu true tid'p tU nude ngoai, dae bidt trong linh vUc cdng nghe cao. Khoang 173 trong sd hdn 430 edng ty My dang lam an tai Trung Qudc dang xem xet chuyen san xuit
Phgm Thi Thanh Binh, Vu Nhdt Quang - Cuoc ehien thUOng mgi My - Trung.. 17 r a nudc ngoai. Trong do, Ddng Nam A la
diem d i n dUdc lifa chon nhilu nha't.
Hai la, Ddng Nam A cd nhiiu ca hdi han trong hogt dgng thuOng mgi. Cudc chid'n thuffng mai khie'n trao ddi kinh td', thUdng mai giiia Tnmg Qud'e vdi eae nUde Ddng Nam A ngay eang trd nen gdn bd hdn. Su ddi dau My - Trung se giup thifc pham Thai Lan cd dUdc thi p h i n Idn hdn tai cac sieu thi cua ca My va Trung Qud'c. Bdi hai n l n kinh te' Idn n h l t thd' gidi dang gia tang mUc thud' Idn eae san pham hai san cua dli phUdng. Dieu n&y se giup md ra cd hpi eho cac nude xuit khIu hai san khac.
Thul My danh vao thep se khie'n cac nha xuat khau thep toan cau tim Idem thi trUdng d cac qud'c gia khdc. Dilu nay se tao thuan ldi eho Inddnesia va Phihppines trong qua trinh xay dung eae he thd'ng cd sd ha t i n g bdi thep, nhdm re hdn se giup tiet kiem dang ke cho cac dii an. Ddn dat hang didn td, s&t thep va cac san pham tif ddng hda cua Malaysia t&ng manh. Viec danh thue' ciia My len hdng hda Trung Qud'e tri gia 200 ty USD se ed ldi cho xuat khIu cac mat hang cua Thai Lan nhu hoa qua khd, hat dieu, mat ong, hoa qua che bid'n, dem lai cd hdi cho Thai Lan thay the Trung Quo'c tai thi tnfdng My.
Ba Id, bdng no xu hUdng thu hdt ddu tu nudc ngoai sang cdc nudc Bong Nam A.
Cudc chien thUdng mai My - Trung dang khien nhieu doanh nghiep chuyin dieh san xuat sang ASEAN d l ne tranh viec bi ap thue. Cac linh vUc nhU san phIm tieu dung, phan cUng edng nghiep, cdng nghe, viln thdng, d td va hda chat dang dUdc chuyin dich sang Ddng Nam A. Neu cang thang thUdng mai My-Trung ked dai, kinh te' Tnmg Qude se dd'i mat vdi sCfc ep Idn khi long tin tieu dimg va kinh doanh ye'u hdn cd the can trd ehi tieu ciia eae hd gia
(hnh va dau tU d trong nudc. Cac nUdc ASEAN se thay thd Trung Qud'c trd thanh dilm d i n hl^p d&n dlu tU tnfc tie'p nude ngoai, mac dii kinh te ASEAN tang tnfdng on dinh nhd nhu cau trong nude manh.
Nam 2018, dii vd'n FDI toan cau giam 19% song dlu tu vao Ddng Nam A v&n tang hdn 10% len tdi 145 ty USD, tUdng dUdng vdi hdn 20% t i n g dau tU toan eau.
Chi phi trong nganh che bid'n d Dong Nam A tUdng dd'i thap nen dau tu dl sinh ldi cao. Hdn nUa ASEAN eon cd dac tlnh da n&ng va da didn, dap Ung nhieu yeu eau khac nhau cua gidi dau tU. Singapore la trung tam tai ehinh cd the md ra toan khu vifc. Indonesia la ndi tilp nhan dau tU v l cdng nghe. Thai Lan, Malaysia va Philippines la nhiing qud'c gia cd sSn ha tang che' bie'n mat hang ti&u dung. Lao cd tilm nang ve khoang san va thuy didn.
Vidt Nam va Campuchia ed the' manh trong nganh che' bid'n nhu may mac, giay dep, do gd va l i p rap dien tii. Dau tu FDI vao Vidt Nam tang 18% (9/2018), vao Thai Lan tang 53% (7/2018) Idn mUc 7,6 ty USD, vdi ddng vdn dau tu vao san xua't tang ga'p 5 lin. FDI vao Phihppine t&ng 861 trieu USD, cao hdn nhieu so vdi 144 trieu USD cung ky nam 2017<^^'.
Tdm lai, each duy nhat de dUng viing trudc eupe chie'n thUdng mai vd bao vd xu^t khau la thdng qua hpi nhap Idnh te. Cac hiep dinh thUdng mai tif do (FTA) se duy tri thUdng mai tU do thue quan vdi cac thi tnidng nudc ngodi. ASEAN se tranh dUdc vide phai tra thue quan qude te bkng each thUdng lUdng vdi nhieu FTA hdn. Indonesia dang hudng den muc tidu tang eUdng dau tU npi dia de da dang hda cac nguon lUc, giiip nen kinh te' tang tnidng, khdng tap tnmg vao xuat khau dl ban che tae dpng tieu cifc ttf cupc chie'n thUdng mai.Thai Lan no life kiem soat ding baht tang gia de khdng lam
Nghien edu Dong Nam A, so 4/2019
suy ye'u kha nang canh tranh cua hang hda xuat khau.
Ddng Nam A mac dii phai dd'i didn vdi ca cd hdi vd thach thUc tU cudc chie'n thUdng mai My - Trung. Nhiftig ve l&u dai, nhiing he luy tU cudc chie'n giUa hai nen kinh td Idn nhat nhi thd' gidi se gdp p h i n thiic day nhemh va manh hdn niifa qua trinh ehuyen dich cic chudi cung ling, tU do n&ng eao kha nang, nang life tif cUdng ciia cic nen kinh te trong khu vifc ASEAN./.
CHU THICH
1. Cudc chie'n tranh thuong mai Trung - Nb^t dan den 2 thap 1^ tri tre cua nen kinh te Nh&t Ban (1990-2000).
2. Trong 20 tap doan cong nghe Idn nhlt the gidi: Trung Qudc cd 9, My co 11. Nam 2018, Trung Qud'c cd 40 lan phong ve tinh len vu tru- lin dau vUdt My.
3. Chay dua cdng nghe cao trong thuong chiln My-Trung. Tin Kinh t l tham khao cua TTXVN ngay 24/1/2019.
4. My dua ra quy dinh mdi, c&'m cac cong ty CO hcfn V4 vdn cua Trung Qudc dUdc tiep can vdi cac nganh cdng nghe then chdt.
5. Theo sd liSu cua Hi&p hoi thep Trung Qudc, nam 2018.
6. Tin kinh t l ngay 18/7/2018: "Chien tranh thddng mai My-Trung trgn 3 mat tran", 7. Theo Bao cao tong ket cua WTO (3/2018),
khong chi c6 My, cac qudc gia khac nhd Nhat Ban, EU cung khdng cong nhan Trung Qudc la nen kinh te thi tnfdng bdi cac doanh nghiep nha nUdc 'Trung Qudc van kiem soat giao dich nong san va khoang san, gia ca hang boa van duoc quan ly va kiem soat. Chinh phu Trung Qudc van can dii sau vao nln kinh te.
8. Tin kinh te ngay 28/7/2018.
9. Trong thang 5 va 6/2018, dong nhan dan tg giam gia tri vdi tdc dd chua timg xay ra.
10. Trung Qudc hidn 1& dd'i tac tbUdng mai Idn nhlt cua ASEAN vdi kim ngach thuong mai song phuong dat 514,8 ty USD (2017), Trong khi My la ban bang 16n tbU 4 cua ASEAN vdi tong kim ngach thUdng mai hai chieu dat 263 ty USD (2016),ASEAN \k nha cung d p dlu vao cho c&c nganh cdng nghigp Idn cua Trung Qud'c de tie'p tuc che bien va tai xua't sang cac nUdc thd ba, trong do cd My.
11. Danh gia cuaNg&n hang phat trien Singapore (DBS - Development Bank of Singapore).
12. Tin kinh te tham khao cua TTXVN ng&y 25/1/2019.
13. Theo d&nh gia cua Tap doan tai chinh Merrill Lynch thupc Bank of America.
14. Hdng phiic (2018), ASEAN ddi mat nguy cd khung hoang tai chinh, https^/phaplu- atxahoi.vn/asean-doi-mat-nguy-co-khung- hoang-tai-chinh-124872.btml.
15. Trung Hoa, Cuoc chiin thUOng mai gay rHi ro Idn cho cdc nuiic nho, Vietnam Economic Times, N 178 (26/7/2018)
16. Tin kinh te tham khao cua TTXVN ngay 2/3/2019.
TAI LBEU THAM K H A O 1. Zhang Zhengfij, Lu Yun and Cheng Jing
(2018), Truth behind Chma-U.S. trade
"imbalances". Xinhua Headlines 27''' March 2018.
2. Issaku H and Takeshi K (2018), Washington and Beijing exchange lengthy hsts of demands. Asian Review 5'*' May 2018.
3. Michael Martma, David Lawder (2018) Dueling tariflfs raise fears of long U.S.- China trade battle. Business News, 6**"
July 2018.
4. Tin kinh te tham khao cua TTXVM, cac sd thang 6, 7, 8 (2018) va sdth&ng 1,2 (2019).
5. Vietnam Economic Times, sd tb&ng 5, 6, 7 (2018).
