Pham Thi Phuong vd Dtg Tiip chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 164(04): 8 1 - 8 5
NGHIEN ClJtJ HIEU QUA BAO QUAN CUA C O M P O Z I T CUA CHITOSAN KHOI L i r O N G PHAN TU" THAP VCtt AXIT O L E I C UTSG DVNG TRONG B A O QUAN DAO PHAP
Pham Thi Phirong*, Nguyin Thi Doan, Nguyen Van Binh, Nguyen Thj Nhung, Luu Hong Sffn Trudng Dai hoc Ndng Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen T O M T A T
Muc dich cua nghien ciiu nay nhim khao sat anh hudng cua Compozit cua Chitosan khoi lupng phan tir thap vdi axit oleic (d cac nong dp khac nhau) tdi chat lupng va thdi gian bao quan qua dao Phap. Qua dao Phap co 3$ chin 85% dupe xic ly phii mang compozit ciia chitosan khoi lupng phan tii thap nong dO 15 ml/1 vdi axit oleic c6 nong do tuong ling la (15 ml/I; 10 ml/1 va 5 ml/I, 0 ml/1), doi chiing (kh6ng xit 1^) ket hpp vdi bao quan Ignh (2 - 6''C). Hi?u qua duy tri chat lugtig ya keo dai tudi thp dupe danh gia qua chi tieu hao hyt khoi lupng tu nhiSn, chat kh6 hoa tan tong so, ham liipng vitamin C, ham lupng axit tong so, ti 1? thoi hdng va chit lupng cam quan. Ket qua sau 28 ngjiy bao quan cho thay Compozit cua chitosan khIi lupng phan tii thip 15 ml/1 vdi axit oleic nong do 10 ml/1 cho ket qua tot nhat ve ban che ti 1$ thii h6ng, giir dupe mau sac qui d?p nhSt, hao hyt khoi lupng ty nhien thip nhat, ham lupng chit kho hoa tan tong so, ham lupng vitamin C, him lupng axit hiiu co tong s l giam thap nhit, chat lupng cam quan dupe danh gia tot nhat.
Tir khda: axit oleic, bdo qudn, chitosan. Compozit, Chitosan khdi luang phdn tir thap, ddo Phdp
MODAU
Chitosan dupe biet den nhu la mpt chat cd khi nang khang vi sinh vat, khi nang phan hiiy sinh hpc va khdng dpc dupe ixng dung nhilu trong linh vuc che bien va bao quan ndng san [4]. Nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu ling dung Chitosan de bao quan rau qua tuai deu cd chung ket luan rang Chitosan cd tac dyng lam ch^m qua trinh chin va gia hda, lam giim cudng dp hd hap, giam sy hao hut khIi lupng ty nhien, giii dupe mau sac cua rau qui [I]. Tuy nhien, do Chitosan li mot Polysaccharide cd ban chat ua nude nen kha nang giu Im kem [5]. Dl cai thien dac tinh giii Im cua Chitosan ngudi ta thudng ket hop Chitosan vdi mdt sd hpp chit ky nude nhu chit beo (axit beo, diu thyc v^t, tinh diu, sap) dl t?o mang dang nhu tuong [6]. Mpt h^n che khac cua Chitosan la kha nang khang vi sinh vat va tinh tan kem. Do dd cac nha khoa hpc da tdng hpp Chitosan khdi lypng phan tii thap mdt v?t lieu dupe danh gia la cd kha nang tan d mdt dai pH rpng ban va kha nang khang khuln cao ban Chitosan thdng thudng [3].
' Tel- 0962 075 082; Email. phamthuphuonghb@gmail ct
Dao la loai cay an qua on ddi, co ten khoa hpc li Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, thudc hp Rosaceae. CJ Viet Nam dao dupe trdng phd biln d mpt sd tinh mien nui phia Bac nhu Lao Cai, San La, Lai Chau,.., Qua dao cd mau rr^
qua dep, vj ngpt, giau vitamin C, carotenoid vi cac hpp chit phenolics la nhimg ngudn chit khang oxy hda rit tit [12]. Tuy nhien, dao la loai qui ho hap dpt bien co ham lupng nude kha cao, nhieu chat dinh dudng va kem bin viing nen dl bi hu hdng. Mat khac tren thyc tl chua cd nhieu nghien ciiu bao quan dao noi chung va dao Phap noi rieng.
VAT LIEU, PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtf Vat lieu nghien cihi
Qua dao Phap cd dp chin 85% dupe thu hai tai BIC Hi tinh Lao Cai. Thdi gian tir luc thu hai din khi tiln hanh thi nghiem khdng qua 24 gid. Qua duac lya chpn ddng deu ve kich thudc, mau sic, dp chin, khdng bi dap nat, sau benh. Chitosan do Viet Nam san xuat co dp dh axetil hoa DD > 85%., khdi lupng phan tii khoang 30.10^ Da. Chitosan khdi lupng phan tu thip (CTSLMW) dupe tdng hpp tai Trudng Dgi hpc Ndng Lam DH Thai
81
Pham Thi Phuong vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CUINU NtiHE 164(04): 81 - Nguyen theo phucmg phap ciia {Liu el ai,
2006) (khIi luong phan tii k h o i n g 6.10"*) [10], Compozit cua C T S L M W vdi axit oleic dupe t i n g hpp tai Trudng Dai hpc N o n g Lam - DH Thai Nguyen theo phuong phap cua (Vargas et aL.2006) cd c i i tien.
P h t r o n g p h a p c h u a n bi C o m p o z i t Compozit cua C T S L M W vdi axit oleic d u p e chuan bj theo p h u a n g phap cua (Vargas et al.,2006) cd cii tien Theo dd, lay 15 g CTSLMW pha trong k h o i n g 900 ml dung dich axit acetic 1% d nhiet dp phdng cho tan bet rdi Ipc phan khong tan. Cho vao 400 ml dung dich Chitosan vao cdc 1000 ml, them 15 g axit oleic, 5 g glycerol va 1 g Tween 80 rdi tien hanh ddng the bang thiet bi ddng hda (Ultra - Turax Model T25 IKA, Due) t i e dp 15.000 v/ph trong 5 phiit, Chuyen sang cdc 2.000 ml, bo sung het phan dung dich Chitosan cdn lai, dinh m d c du 1.000 ml r l i ddng the mpt lan niia.
Bo t r i thi n g h i e m
Thi nghiem phu mang bao quan voi q u i dao dupe chia thanh 5 cong thiic, ke ca ddi chung khdng phii mang. Yeu c l u qua trudc khi phu mang phai dupe rua sach bang nude may, d l rao be mat v6 qua. Sau dd d u p e nhdng vao mot trong 4 dich long, doi chiing dupe nhiing vao nude cat, de kho ty nhien sau dd duoc x I p vao tui PE va bao q u i n d nhiet dp (2 - 6°C). Moi cong thuc sir dtmg 30 qua, lap lai 3 lin.
Cac cdng thirc thi nghiem tuong irng;
CT 1: 15 ml C T S L M W + axit oleic 0 ml/1 CT2: 15 m! C T S L M W + axit oleic 5 ml/1 CT3. 15 ml C T S L M W + axit oleic 10 ml/1 CT4: 15 ml C T S L M W + axit oleic 15 ml/1 D C : N u d e cIt
P h u o n g p h a p p h a n tich
Ti le hao hut k h I i lupng hr nhien (%) d u p e xac dinh b i n g each can k h I i lupng. Chat kho hda tan tong so d u p e do bang chilt quang k l (Atago, Nhat Ban), ham lupng vitamin C dupe xac djnh b i n g phucmg phap c h u i n dp 82
iod, axit tdng sd d u g c xac dinh b i n g phuong phap c h u i n dp N a O H , d i n h gia chit lupng cam quan theo p h u a n g phap cho dilm theo T C V N 32-1579. Ti le thdi hong dupe xac dinh d u a tren ti IS sd qua thdi sau m l i l^n theo dot tren tdng sd qua bao quan [11].
Phuorng p h a p xu: ly so lieu
So lieu nghien eiiu duoc xii ly b i n g phSn m l r n x u l y - s l lieu SPSS 11.5.
KET Q U A V A T H A O L U A N
A n h h u d n g c u a C o m p o z i t cua Chitosan khoi lu'png p h a n tir t h a p vdi axit oleic deo hao h u t khoi l u p ^ g tti' nhien
Ket qua dupe trinh bay d b i n g 1 cho thiy t h i y hao hyt khdi lupng ty nhien (HHKLTN) ciia qua dao tang theo thdi gian bao quan 6 cac cdng thiic x u ly khac nhau co ti IS H H K L T N khac nhau. Sau 28 ngay bao quan, H H K L T N cao nhat d mau ddi chung (5,1%) va t h i p n h i t d C T 3 (3,2%), t i l p theo CTl (4,2%), CT2 (3,7%), C T 4 (3,4%). Kit quij nay cd the l i do dao Phap d cong thuc doi chiing t i c dyng true tiep vdi moi trudng din den qua trinh mat n u d e dien ra nhanh chong.
O cac cdng thiie d u p e phu m i n g HHKLTN thap ban la do mang Chitosan co tinh tham chpn Ipc, do dd ban che ho hap va ngan can thoat hoi n u d e d mpt miic dp n h i t dinh dan den ban che hao hut khdi lupng. ^
Bang 1. Hao hyit khoi lup-ng tu nhiin cua ddo V Phdp trong qud trinh bdo qudn Cong
thuc
Hao hut khoi lupng % 0 7 14 ngay ngay ngay
21 28 DC 0 1,8' 3,3' 4,7' 5,1°
CTl 0 1,1*" 2,9*' 3,8" 4,2'' CT2 0 0,8*= 2,5' 3,1" 3,7' CT3 0 0,7' 2,5= 3,4' 3,4"
CT4 0 0,5" 1,8" 2,7' 3,2'-^
Ghi chu: Cdc chit so a citng mot cgt co so mU Afidi nhau thi khdc nhau CO y nghia a miic a = 0,05 '' Ket q u i tren phu hpp vdi ket qua ciia (Vagas et ai. 2006) cho r i n g Chitosan k i t hpp vdi axit oleic cd tac dung lam giam HHKLTN ft
Ph^m Thi Phuong vd Dig T9P chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 164(04): 8 1 - 8 5 qua dau tay trong qua trinh bao quan lanh
[12]. N g h i e n ciiu cua Krishna & Rao, (2014) cho rang Chitosan 1% cd tac dyng lam g i i m H H K L T N d di sau 7 ngay b i o q u i n d nhiet dp phdng [8].
A n h h u d n g c u a C o m p o z i t ciia C h i t o s a n khoi l u p n g p h a n t u t h i p v d i axit oleic d i n h a m l u v n g c h d t r 3 n h o a t a n t i n g so (TSS)
Su thay ddi h a m l u p n g T S S trong qua trinh bao quan dao Phap d u o c trinh b i y d b i n g 2.
Qua b i n g 2 cho thay Chitosan cd tac dung lam cham q u a trinh chin d q u i d i o . Ham lupng T S S d dao tang trong qua trinh chin, d cac cdng thiic sii d y n g Chitosan k h i c nhau cd tdc dd chin khac nhau, cdng thiic D C cd ham lupng TSS cao n h i t , ham luong T S S t h i p n h a t d C T 3 .
Bang 2. Su biin ddi chdt ran hoa tan tdng ."id ("Bx) trong qud trinh bdo qudn ddo Phdp
Ham luvng chat r l n hoa tan tong s l Cong (OBr)
thuc 0 7 14 21 28 ngay ngay ngay ngay ngay DC 9,4 10,8' 12,6' 14,2' 15,5' CTl 9,4 10,6" ILS"" n . l ' ' 13,9"
CT2 9,4 10,2' 11,3" 12.3' 13,6' CT3 9,4 9,7" 10,8' 11,4" 12,5' CT4 9,4 10,2' 11° 12.1' 13,3"
A n h h u d n g c u a C o m p o z i t c u a C h i t o s a n khoi Imjmg p h S n tu- t h a p vdi axit oleic d e n h a m l u p n g v i t a m i n C
Vitamin C r i t nh$y c i m v i de hi phan buy do anh h u d n g cua xii ly sau thu ho^ch va dieu kien bao quan [9]. K e t qua sau 28 ngay b i o q u i n h a m l u p n g vitamin C giam thap n h i t d C T 3 va n h i l u nhat la D C . Sy giam vitamin C d cac m l u bpc mang d dao cd the l i do tinh tham oxy cua m a n g Chitosan thap dan den giam hoat dpng cua cac enzyme va ngan chan qua trinh oxy hda vitamin C.
Tuy nhien cung cd cdng bd cho r i n g ham luong vitamin C giam tir khi thu hai cho den k i t thiic qua trinh bao quan n h u n g khdng cd su sai khac cd y nghTa giira cac cdng thuc phu m a n g va ddi chiing [2].
Bang 3. Su biin dot hdm lugng vitamin C trong qud trinh bdo qudn ddo Phdp Cong Ham lining vitamin C (mg/ml)
"•*'^ '~i 7 U 21 2 8 ~ ngay ngay ngay ngay ngay
^ C cC22 O J ? O^O? 0^0? 0,07"
CTl 0,22 0,14"' 0,12= 0,12" 0,09' CT2 0,22 0,17'" 0,15" 0,12" 0 , l l "
CT3 0,22 0,17'" 0,19' 0,16' 0,15' CT4 0,22 0,19' 0,14" 0,11" 0,10"
A n h h u d n g c d a C o m p o z i t c u a C h i t o s a n k h o i l u p n g p h S n t u t h a p v d i axit oleic den h a m l u p n g axit t o n g s6
T r o n g q u i , axit hihi c a d d n g vai trd quan trpng trong boat dpng trao ddi chat ciing n h u quyet djnh chat lupng cua rau qua, tao nen miii vi dac trung cho rau q u i , d d n g thdi bao ve vitamin C d o do i n h h u d n g d i n sy c h i p nhan cua ngudi tieu diing.
Bang 4. Sir bien ddi hdm luang axit tdng so trong qud trinh bdo qudn ddo Phdp C6ng -
thirc
Ham lupng axit (%) 1 7 14 21 28 ngay ngay ngay ngay ngay DC 4,4 2,7" 1,4" 0,9= 0,9"
CTl 4,4 2,8" 1,7'" 1,1" 1,0="
CT2 4,4 2,9' 2,0"= l,l" l,]""
CT3 4,4 3,5' 2,5' 2 , 1 ' 1.8' CT4 4,4 3,1" 2,3'" 1,3" 1,3' T h e o Kittur et al, (2001) cho r i n g lap p h u Polysacchride cd tac d y n g lam g i i m sy phat trien cua carbon dioxide, g i i m khoi l u p n g v i acid t i n g sd d c h u l i . H o n n d a g i i m ham l u p n g d u d n g va T S S cua trai cay d u p e phii m a n g thap b a n so vdi khong phii. Gpi y rang qua trinh tong hpp d u d n g giam d mtic dp c h a m da lam cham sy trao ddi chat [7].
T r o n g b i n g 4 ro rang la h a m l u p n g axit tdng sd trong qua dao giam d i n trong thdi gian bao quan lanh, C T 3 cd h a m l u p n g axit hiiu CO giam it nhat (1,8%) va D C giam n h i l u n h i t (0,9%).
83
Pham Thj Phuong vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 164(04): 81-85 Anh h u d n g c u a C o m p o z i t cda Chitosan
khoi lu-png p h a n t u t h a p vdi axit oleic den ti l | thoi h d n g
Trong cdng tac b i o q u i n ngoai viec ban che t i n t h i t cac c h i t dinh dudng, giii dupe c h i t lupng cam quan fhi ban che ti le thoi hdng ciing la mdt yeu cau quan trpng. Ket q u i d b i n g 5 cho thay sau 7 n g i y bao quan dao khong bi thdi hdng. Ti le thdi hong cua dao tang sau 7 d i n 28 n g i y bao quan. Ti le thoi hdng cao n h i t d mau ddi chiing (16,7%) thap n h i t la CT3 (7,8%).
Bang 5. Ti le thai hdng trong qud trinh bdo qudn ddo Phdp
Cong thirc
Ti If t h i i hong (%) 7 ngay 14 ngiy 21 ngay 28 ng^y BC
CTl CT2 CT3 CT4
2,2"
1,1' 0' 0*
0' 2,2' 3,3"
1,1'
o'
0 ' 8"
5,5' 3,3"
l , ! ' 2,2'
16,7"
13,3' 11,1' 7,8' 10' A n h h u d n g ciia C o m p o z i t cua C h i t o s a n khoi lup-ng p h a n t u t h a p vdi axit oleic d e n c h a t l u p n g c a m q u a n
Chat lupng cam quan d u p e danh gia theo TCVN 32-1579. Hdi d i n g danh gia gom 10 ngudi, sd dyng thang d i l m 5 g i m 6 bac (0-5 d i l m ) . K i t q u i danh gia d u p e trinh bay trong bang 6. Sau 28 ngay bao quan d i o d CT3 dupe danh gia la t i t n h i t (17,0 dilm). C) cong thuc niy, sau 28 ngay bao quan dao eon kha tuai, mau s i c vd qua d u p e duy tri tir xanh d i n hoi vang, cd vi tir ngpt den hoi chua, dp cung tuong ddi cao, thit qua co mau trang h i n g , v i n gid d u p e huong vi dac trung. Cdng thuc DC cd c h i t lupng c i m quan t h i p nhat (11,2 diem), cd vd qua bj nhan nheo, cd mau vang, qua mem, co vj hoi ngpt, mau thit q u i mau tring.
BSng 6. Anh hudng cda Compozit ciia Chitosc khoi luong phdn tic thap vdi axit oleic den ckt lupng cdm quan cita ddo sau 28 ngdy bdo qudn Cong Mau sSc Mui Do Mau sac Tong
thuc vd qua vj gion thjt qua diem DC 3,0 2,5 2,2 3,5 11,2 CTl 3,6 3,9 3,5 3,4 14,4 CT2 4,0 4,0 3,5 3,5 15,0 CT3 4,5 4,5 4,0 4,0 17,0 CT4 4,0 4,0 4,0 3,5 15,5 KET LUAN
K i t qua b i o q u i n dao Phap b i n g each phii mang Compozit ciia C T S L M W vdi axit oleic d cac ndng dd axit oleic khac nhau, bao quan d nhi?t dp (2 - 6°C) cho thay Compozit ciia C T S L M W (15ml/l) vdi axit oleic (lOml/1) c6 t i c dyng b i o quan t i t nhat, the hien d hao hut khIi lupng t y nhien g i i m it n h i t , h i m lupng TSS, vitamin C, axit tdng sd, ti le thdi hong thip nhit, d i l m d i n h gia cam quan duoc xep v i o loai kha. Cd d u p e ket qua nay la do vi^c bo sung axit oleic d mdt m u c dp hop ly da l i m tang k h i nang giu n u d e ciia mang Chitosan dan d i n lam giam hao hut khoi lupng va dp Cling cda qua, mat khac Chitosan CO kha nang c i n trao ddi khi, cd tinh thim chpn Ipe do dd l i m g i i m qua trinh ho hap va gia hda cua qua.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1. Aider and de Halleux D. (2010), "Chitosan application for active bio-based films production and potential in the food industry: review", LWT- Food Science and Technology, 43, pp. 567 - 577.
2. Bai E. (2013), "Postharvest application of Chitosan and low temperature storage affect respiration rate and quality of plum fruits", Journal Agriculture Science Technology, 15, pp.
1219-1230.
3. Dutta P. K., Tripathi S., Mehrotra G. K., and Dutta J (2009), "Perspectives for Chitosan based antimicrobial films in food applicadons", food Chemistry, 114(4), pp. 1173-1182.
4. Elsabee M. 2., Naguib H. P., Morsi R. E., (2012), "Chitosan based nanofibers, review".
Materials Science and Engineering C, 32, pp.
1711-1726.
5. Elsabee M. Z., Abdou E. S. (2013), "Chitosan based edible films and coatings: A review".
Pham Thj Phuang vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHfi 164(04): 8 1 - 8 5 Materials Scienc and Engineering C: Materials for content of horticultural crops", Postharvest biological Applications, 53 (4), pp. 1819 - 1841. Biology Technology. 20, pp. 2 0 7 - 2 2 0 . 6. Galus S., Kadzinska J. (2015), "Food applications 10. Liu N., Chen X. G., Park H. J., Liu C. G., Liu of emulsion-based edible films and coatings". Trends C. C , Meng X. H., You L. J. (2006), "Effect of Food Set. 7cc/ino/. 45, pp. 273-283. molecular weight and concentration of Chitosan 7. Kittur F. S., Sanoja N., Habibunnisa and on antibacterial activity of Escherichia coll.", Tharanathan N. R. (2001), "Polysaccharide based Carbonhydratepolymers 64, pp. 60 - 65.
composite coating formulations for shelf life l l . T o m a ' s - B a r b e r a n F . A., Gil M. L, GreminP., extension of firesh banana and mango", Eur. Food Waterhouse A. L., Hess-Pierce B and Kader A. A.
Res. Tech. 213, pp. 306-311. (2001), "HPLC-DAD-ESIMS analysis of phenolic 8. Krisma R. K.. Rao S. V. D. (2014), "Effect of compounds in nectarines, peaches and plums", J.
Chitosan coating on the physiochemical Agri. Food. Chem. 49, pp. 47-48.
characteristics of Guava (Psidium guajava L ) fruits 12. Vargas M., Albors A., Cluralt A., Gon's Lez- dunng storage at room temperature", Indian Journal Mart'nez C. (2006), "Quality of cold storaged ofScienceandTechnology,l{S),pp.55A-55%. strawberries as effected by Chitosan oleic acid 9. Lee S. K. and Kader A. A. (2000), "Preharvest edible coatings", Postharvest Biology and and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C Technology 41, pp. \6A-\1\.
S U M M A R Y
S T U D Y O N T H E E F F E C T O F C O M P O S I T E O F C H I T O S A N L O W M O L E C U L A R W E I G H T W I T H O L E I C A C I D O N Q U A L I T Y A N D S H E L F - L I F E O F F R A N C E P E A C H S
Pham Thi Phuong', Nguyen Thi Doan, Nguyen Van Binh, Nguyen Thi Nhung, Luu Hong Son University of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of Chitosan low molecular weight, and their composites with oleic acid (with different concentrations) on the quality and shelf-life of France peaches. The fmits at 85% maturity level were treated with composite of Chitosan low molecular weight (at concentration of 15 ml/1) with oleic acid (at concentration of 0 ml, 5 ml/I, 10 ml/l, 15 ml/1) respectively, storaged at cold temperature (2-6''C). The effectiveness of maintaining the quality and extending the shelf-life was assessed through indicators: natural weight loss, total soluble solids, vitamin C, titratable acidity, decay rate and sensory quality of France peach fmits. Results after 28 days of storage showed that composite of Chitosan low molecular weight (15 ml/1) with oleic acid (10 ml/1) could maintain the best colour, the lowest natural weight loss, the lowest total soluble solids, vitamin C, titratable acidity, and decay rate, sensory quality were rated as the highest.
Keywords: oleic acid, storage, Chitosan, composite, Chitosan low molecular weight. France peaches
Ngdy nhan bdi: 23/2/2017; Ngdyphdn bi^n: 07/3/2017; Ngdy duyetdang: 27/4/2017
Tel: 0962 075 082. Email, [email protected]
