Luang Tin Thanh Dung Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 167(07): 4 9 - 5 4
S l T K H A C N H A U V E K E T C A U C H U " N O M C U A V A N B A N
THIEN TONG BAN HANH G I C A B A N I N N A M 1 7 4 5 V A B A N I N N A M 1 9 3 2 Luo-ng Thi Thanh Dung*
Tru&ng Dai hoc Khoa hgc - DH Thai Nguyen T O M T A T
Tac phara Thiin tong bdn hanh co mot vi Iri dac bi^t trong lich su phat trien van tu v l van hpc Nom, Trong dieu ta&i dat nude trai qua nliiSu giaf doan phat tnen vdi nhieu bien co thang tram, cac tu lieu Nom thdi Ly - Tran mat mat phan lon nhung Thien long bdn hank hien con vdi hai ban
• in kliac nhau la nhflng cfl lieu quan trong giflp chflng ta co cd sd nghien cflu, danh gia tim hieu dien mgo, dac tnmg ve ngon ngu, van lu Nom thai ky dau. Dac biet ve mat ket cau chfl Nom, gifta ban 1745 va ban 1932 cung co sy khac nhau ro ret, van ban ra d&i dthdi diSm nao se mang dau an cfla thdi diem do. Chi'nh vi vly ma chfl' Nflm trong moi ban in cua lac pham Thiin tong bdn kgnh deu CO dac diem va tinh chit rieng phu hpp vdi thdi dai ra ddi cua van ban
Tir khoa: Thiin tong bdn hanh, chO- NSm. ngon ngii. kit cdu, thai Ly Trdn M O D A U
Chung ta deu biet chft' N d m xuat hien do nhu c l u dflng de ghi lieng Viet. Chft Nflra hoan loan m u g n cac chat lieu cua chfl' Han nhung la m u g n theo cac taeu khac nhau ngn v e mat c l u trflc no CO nhieu diem khac khac, day chinh la su sang tao cua chft N d m . Trudc day, da c d rat nhigu ngudi nghien cim ve chfl' Nflm hogc ban ve chfl' N o m khi nghign curu ve nen van hgc d i n Igc, Thien tong bdn hgnh la mdi tac pham van hgc P h i l giao thudc thdi Trln, ngon ngu' thdi do da khac xa ngdn ngfl' hien nay, tham chl khae xa ngdn ngft thdi diem khac ban in nam 1745, Va cflng chi'nh su sang tao khdng ngirng cfla chfl' Nflra m a hai van ban Thien tong bdn hgnh k h l e in n a m 1745 tgi chua Lien Hoa va b i n k h i c in n i m 1932 tgi chiia VTnh N ^ e m da cd tligm su khac biel,
SU THAY DOI VE MAT KET c A U CHlT NOM Nhin Igi cflng tac nghien cuu chfl N d m trong m i y chyc n a m vfl'a qua, chflng la t h l y gidi nghign ciiu da dgt d u g e nhflng thiinh tyu, to ldn. Dac biet, cdng trinh khao cim d l u tien vg chu Nflm la Cha Nom, nguon goc, cdu tgo, dien bien (1975) [ I ] da gidi thieu vg ba bai phu Ihdi Tr3n cua Tr§n N h a n Tdng va S u Huygn Quang d o n g thdi b u d c dau ban ve cac cau Uflc chft N o m n h u n g do chi dua vao ban in n i m 1932. Cac tac phara khac n h u Tinh
' Tel, 0912 750006. Email. Iuongdung8!8l@gmailcom
tuyen vdn hgc Viet Nam (2004) [2], Todn tap Tran Nhdn Tong (2006) [3] chi ehinh sfla, tham khao, gidi thieu cac bai phu, ca thai T r l n trong Thien tong bdn hanh chu chua that di s l u v i o ngfln ngu, van ty, Trong Thien long bdn hgnh - Phien dm, chii gidi [4], tac g i i dinh kem ban m nara 1745 do lac gia Hoang X u i n H l n suu tilm tai chfla Lign Hoa, Ci ban nay, giao su Hoang Xuan Han da b u d c dau danh ddu bang ki hieu rieng va sau raoi dogn Igi chi ra nhftng chft N d m dang chu y , ' Cflng theo Thien tong bdn hgnh - Phien dm.
chii gidl (2009) [4, U,16] thi chft Nflm trong ban 1745 co d i e diem nhigu chft don vl nhftng If do:
1. Nhflng tfl d u g c ghi b l n g hai ma chfl tach rdi trong chft N d m thai Tran d l bi luge bo hoan loan thanh tfl thfl n h i l , chi con lai ma thfl hai ghi I m tigt chfnh cho phfl hgp vdi am dpc d u o n g thdi.
2. Su dung nhieu t u Han Viet.
3. Chua sfl dung nhieu thanh tfl bigu y.
4. Chua sfl dung nhigu dau nhay va ky hieu phu, Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh nghign ciiu tung van ban cfla Thien long bdn hgnh, chflng tfli da tim hieu nhung chfl khac nhau giua ban in n i m 1745 va ban in n a m 1932 ya Ihflng ke nhftng chu N o m con luu lai kha ro dau vet cua chft Nora thdi Tran v l tfl cfl Uong ban 49
Luong Till Tiianh Dung Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 167(07): 49 - M 1745, nhieu tu chi thay xuat hien trong cac
ban tu thdi Lg So vg trudc.
Vf dy: Trong ban 1745 dflng bd ffi de ghi trd, dung cung ^ ghi trong...tii cfl nhu coc ^ (bigl), miea ^ (chd, dflng), tua M. (nen).., Dudi day la mdt sfl vf du su thay doi chfl' Nflm tu ban in nam 1745 den ban in nam 1932.
Bdi Yen Tie san Trite Ldm Trdn trieu Thien long ban hgnh
Cau
10 13 36 42
Ban in n i m 174S Thoc Han ggo Dudng dai nam phong nien Von Jtua CO tich danh lam Khai hoa ket qua deu thi chung nen Kheu den chong ngon dpi ngudi huu duygn
Chft Nom 1745 5^
tt
*
#
C h a Nom 1932
m
W-
w
f l Tom lai, dfl cac chft Ndm d ban in nam 1745 va ban in nam 1932 khac nhau nhu thi rauc dich chinh cua cac ban in do la dg cho ngudi duong thdi de dgc, de hieu. Vi le do, chft Ndra cua ban in nam 1745 mang dlu tfch cua chfl Nora Ihdi Le cdn chft Ndm ban in nam 1932 raang dau tich cua chu Ndm thdi Nguygn.
CHlT NOM TRONG THIEN TONG BAN HANH QUA B A N 1745 vA B A N 1932 Tac pham Thien tong bdn hgnh co tflng sfl 8471 chfl Ndm Ihl cd 786 trudng hap ciing mgt chu Nflm nhung cfl dang ket cau khac nhau giua hai ban in, Trong dd, bai Yen Tic san Triic Ldm Trdn trieu Thien long bdn hgnh cd 419 trudng hgp, bai Cu trdn lac dao phu cd 274 trudng hgp, bai Dac thu ldm tuyen thdnh dao ca cd 45 trudng hgp, bai Vinh chiia Hoa Yen tuphu cd 48 trudng hgp.
Trong phan nay, viec phan dinh ti le cfla cac chu Nflm chung tfli dya theo ban 1745. Tuc la kgt cau van ly trong ban 1745 se phln ra thanh cac tieu loai nhd va so sanh vdi cac dang kgt cau van tu d ban 1932. Tu do dua ra nhung nhan dinh vg sy thay ddi ket cau van ty eifla hai ban.
Sau khi thflng kg nhftng chfl Han khac nhau vg ket ciu van ty gifta ban nim 1745 va ban nim 1932 chung toi co phan logi thanh cac dang sau:
Loai chir dan
Loai nay bao gflm nhung chfl mugn thing tir chu Han va khdng cd ciu true ndi lai (ggi lii logi A). CJ day cd the chia thanh cac tieu logi sau:
Logi mugn hinh, am Hdn Viet vd Nghta (Al) Kigu logi AI duoc dflng bieu thi cac tigng Han Vipt, no cd sy trimg khit ca ba mat hinh - am - nghia vdi mgt chft Han. Trong kho tang lu vyng tigng Viel nhftng tu gflc Han dgc vdi am Han Viet cdn kha phfl bign ngn viec mugn ngay chft Han dg ghi nhflng tu mugn d tieng Han Vipt 11 digu hoan loan co thg chap nhin duge trong qua trinh tao chfl Ndm.
Tu ciing a ban nim 1745 0 va ban nam 1932 1^ thyc chat dgu la mgt va mang nghTa la vo cung tan, cyc ky nhung vi hai ban khflng thflng nhat mgt each vigl nen chflng tfli cho rang day cung la mdt If do dan den su khac nhau cua ban nam 1745 va ban nim 1932.
Trudng hgp tu nggi W ban 1745 la Ifl mugn hoan toan tigng Han. Sang den biin 1932, theo ygu td lign tudng trudng nghTa vdi bfl thgch 5 trong chft nggi 51 eung vdi yeu to biflu y la nghi II, bieu thi sy kho khan, trd ngai, Chfl nggi 51 ban 1745 chuygn thanh M a ban 1932 la tu CO kgt cau chft ghep va co cau trflc ngi tai. Trong bang thflng ke cfla chung tdi, loai chft Nflm nay chi co 3 trudng hgp trong ca tac phlm, chigra khoang 0,38%.
Mugn hinh vd nghta chit Hdn (A2) Kigu logi A2 dgc theo am Tign Hdn Vigt hole Han Viet Viet hoa - ggi chung la phi Hiin Viet, tftc lit each dgc khdng phai Han Vigt dfli vdi nhftng tu goc Han - d ciic van ban Hdn, chfl' nay chi dugc dgc theo am Han Vi^t nhung d cac vln biin Ndm thi no cd thg dpc theo am Han Viet hoae cac am phi Han Vigl.
Mac du loai chfl Ndm niiy chflng tfli chi Ihflng kg dugc d 3 bai nhung tan xuat xuat hign cfla cac tu khflng nhd. Trong bang
50
Luong Thj Thanh Dung Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 167(07): 49-54 thdng kg cfla chung ldi, cd 25 trudng hgp,
chigm khoang 3,18%.
Mugn htnh, dm Hdn Viet, bo nghia (A3) Cd hien tugng dflng chu Han de ghi am Nflm mpt each chiifli xac la do gifta he thflng ngft am lieng Viet va he thdng ngft am Han Vigt cd hien tugng dong am. Nhftng ngirdi tao ra chft Nflra da bigl lgi dung dieu nay trong khi raugn nhflTig tigng Han Viet de ghi nhung tieng thuin Viet dflng am nhung khflng ddng nghTa.
Logi chft Nom nay chung toi Ihflng ke dugc 70 Irudng hgp trong ca tac pham nhung cd nhung chfl tin xuit su dung rit Idn. Vi dy nhu tu mgt ban 1745 ghi ^,ban 1932 ghi JS,, Trong bai Yen Tie san Tnic Ldm Trdn tneu Thien tong bdn hanh, so lan xuiit hien la 25 lan, Bai Cu trdn Igc dgo phd 9 lan, Bai Dac thu ldm tuyen thdnh dao ca 2 lan. Loai nay chiera khoang 8,91%.
Mugn hin/j, dm Hdn Viet dpc chech (A4) Do he thdng ngft am Han Viet ngheo han he thong ngft am thuan Viet ma trong digu kjen dung chft Han dgc vdl each dgc Han Vigt (Jg ghi tigng thuan Vigt thi bien tugng mugn Ini na na, am Han Viet gan giflng la mflt le dT nhien. Theo cac nhii nghien cihi, loai chft ghi am khdng ehinh xae d thdi dau xuat hien tuang ddi nhigu. Vg sau chflng dugc bd sung them cac bg thu hoac chu Han bigu y de thanh chft hlnh thanh ngn sfl lugng giam din. Trong Thien tong bdn hanh, tigu loai nay tan xuat sfl dyng trong van ban rat cao, chigm da sfl cac tfl trorig ban thdng ke cua chung toi.
Cac tieu loai chft Ndm trgn day deu cd ty dang dflng nhat vdi chfl Han, nhigu ngudi quen ggi la chft gia ta. Sy khac nhau d eac tigu logi the hien d chd: Al, A2 trong khi mugn nguygn chft Han dg lam chft Nflm ngudl Viel da su dung dong thdi hai mat (mat am va mat nghTa). Cdn d A3, A4 thi chi sir dung rigng mgt mat, hoac chi don thuan mat am (A3, A4) 6 Al, A2, thue chit la hien tugng vay mugn ngdn ngft trong khi d A3, A4 thi chi CO hien lugng dan thuin la vay mugn ky hieu vln ly. Rieng sy khac nhau giua Al, A2 va A3, A4 lai thg hien d mdt phuong dien
khac: nhung chu thudc Al, A3 deu cd each dgc thflng nhlt d trong van ban, con A2, A4 lai khdng cd sy thflng nhat do, Co the so sanh:
Al A2 A3 A4
Am Han Cflng
So Mot Thoc
Am Nom Cflng .
Xua Mot Thoc Loai chfr ghep
Ghep mpt chu Hdn v&i ky hiia phu (Bl) Ki hieu phy trong tie pham Thien tong bdn hgnh ban nam 1745 va ban nam 1932 thudng khong gidng nhau. Ki hieu phu thudng lii cac bg thu Irong 214 bg thu Han, Trong blng lipt kg cua chung tdi, ky hieu phy la cac dau ca ('i^) hogc nliay (").
6 day, cac ky hieu phu tren khdng cd y nghTa ma chi cd tac dyng bao cho ngudi dpc biet each dung gia la va khi dgc phai dgc chech di so vdi am Han Viet. Su sang tgo d day tuy chua nhieu nhung khdng phai la khdng cd, Trong phln Ihflng kg cfla chflng tfli, loai chu Nflra nay chi cd 3 trudng hgp Irong bai Cu- iran Igc dgo phu, chigra khoang 0,3 8%i.
Ghep dm - y (B2)
Ddi vdi chft Ndm thuflc logl nay, cae ygu id tham gia bieu y cd the la bg thii hogc cac chft Han
Khi bg phgn bigu y la mgt bg thu thi nd chf bigu thi y nghTa mgt each khai quat, cdn khi la rapt chft Han cy Ihg thi nd bigu thi y nghTa mgt each rat cy thg, nghTa la cd tinh chinh xac, CJ ban 1745, hai loai chft kg trgn khflng nhigu lira, vl chft Nom dugc tao ra theo ldi gia ta, nhung vg sau chflng lgi c6 xu the phat trien do nhu clu chfnh xac hoa ngay cang cao nen vln tu trong ban 1932 sfl dyng chft Nom theo kigu iim >' tuong dfli nhigu, Chung tfli thflng ke dugc 155 trudng hgp trong tac pham, Cu thg la biii Yen Tir san True Ldm Trdn trieu Thien tong bdn hgnh 84 trudng hgp, bai Cu trdn lac dgo phii 47 trudng hgp, bai Ddc thu ldm tuyen thdnh dgo ca 1 trudng hgp, bai Vinh Hoa Yen lu phu 17 Irudng hgp, chiem 19,72 %. Trong tac pham, loai chfl
51
Luang Thj Tiianh Dung Tap chi KHOA HOL ISL CUNU NUHb Nom nay chiem ti le tuong dfli cao chi sau
trudng hgp chft Nflm gia tii.
Ghep am — dm (B3)
Day la loai chfl Nflm cdn mang dau vgt cac tfl hgp phy Ira dau trong tigng Viet, rapt thanh tfl dung de ghi phu am thfl nhat, thanh tfl thu hai dflng dg ghi Im liel chinh. Trong van ban nhflng chft Nflm loai nay rat it nhung cung rat dang luu y vl chflng ghi dugc cac tfl hgp phu Im dau ta, tl trong tieng Viet cd.
- Chfl sang ^ ghi bang (cu + lang) > clang
> sang
Vugt sang Dong tho truyen nay ke rdng Bai Yen TH san Tnic Ldm Trdn trieu Thien tongbdnhgnh (28,154,164,168,345) - Chfl ldi ghi bang (ma + le) > midi > nhdi > ldi Chang lg gi lai vdn dap tieu tao Bdi Yen Tic san Tnic Ldm Trdn trieu Thien long bdn hgnh:
(29,66,156,162,294,347,403,434,566,591, 606,630)
Bai Cu trdn Igc dgo phd: 99 Bdi Vinh Vdn Yen tuphu: 8
Trong nhiing tac pham chfl Nom cd nhu:
Quoc dm thi tap. Hong Diic quoc dm thi tap, Chi nam nggc dm, Truyin ky mgn luc,... Tu dign Viet - Bfl - La cua Alexandre de Rhodes xult ban tgi Rflra nam 1651 con ghi lai ba tfl hgp phy Ira dfli la bl, tl, ml. Dgc biel, trong vipc so sanh tac pham chfl Ndm Thiin tong bdn hgnh gifta ban 1745 va ban 1932 chflng toi nhgn thay, ban 1745 con luu gifl lgi tuong ddi cac am Nflra cfl nhung dgn ban 1932 thi dugc thay thg bang cac chfl Nflm khac hien dai, de higu ban rat nhigu. Trudng hgp nay chflng tdi thflng ke dugc trong tac pham 19 trudng hgp, chiera 3,38%.
Gliepy-y(B4)
Loai chfl Nflra ghep y - y hay cdn dugc ggi la chft hgi y. So vdi cac tigu loai trgn, logi nay cd so lugng tuang dfli it. Mac dfl lac pham Thien long bdn hgnh cd rlt nhigu trudng hgp
su dyng tu ghep y - y nay nhung trong bangS' thdng kg vg sy thay ddi van ban Thiin tong bdn hanh hi ban 1745 din ban 1932 ciia chflng tfli, chi cd trudng hgp cau tu lai trong ban 1745 thay bing lai % Uong 1932. CJ thoC?
Tran rat nhieu cac chu Nflra dugc ghi bdi hai ma chft, vi du chft trai dugc ghi bang chu ma M- va le ^'\ nhung sang dgn ddi Le thi hai ml chft dugc Viet ggn lai thanh ^ . Dly la each vigt quen thuge eua giai dogn cufli Le dau Nguyen, nhat la trong eac Kinh Thanh, dung chfl Ndm trai ^ + khau a thanh l&i %. Va tu nay dugc thay thg trong ban 1932 nen chung loi chi khai quat Igi chfl khflng tinh .la mgt trudng hgp trong bang thdng kg phan tieu logi nay.
NHUTMG NGUYEN NHAN DAN DEN SlJ K H A C NHAU VE KET cAU CHiT NOM GIU'A HAI VAN BAN
Ngay trong nhfl'ng nh|in dinh ban dau cua chung ldi, chft Ndm trong Thien tong bdn hgnh ban in nam 1932 hien dgi, de hieu hon rat nhigu so vdi ban in nam 1745. Chft Ndm trong qua trlnh phat trign co xu thg ngay cang hoan thien ban vg cau true van ty, hien tugng vay mugn chft Han ngay cang it di, thay vao do la cac chu Ndm ty tao. Nguygn nhan chinh la do su lac dgng cfla quy luat phat trien ngdn ngii tieng Viet tren con dudng don tiet hoa, vi van ty lufln di sau ldi ndi dfl ghi Igi ngfln ngu.
Tigng Viet d thdi diem 1745 khac tigng Viet thdi diem 1932. Bdi vay, khi ghi Igi ngon ngS^
d hai thdi diem each nhau gan hai thg ky tlii' clu trflc chft Ndm d hai thdi digm cung rat khac nhau. Theo GS. TS Nguyin Nggc San:
Tu khi xuat hien chft Ndm cho den cac giai doan phat hign cua nd sau nay, gifla he Ihong am Han Viet va he thflng am thuan Viet bao gid cung cd mgt su thieu In khdp. Ngu ggi X la am Han Viet va X' la am thuin Viel thi luon ludn tfln tgi mgt hien tugng X # X', X mufln dgc thanh X' phai cd su chinh am [5, tr.41].
Thien long bdn hgnh la mgt lac pham chi Ndm thdi Tran nhung Igi dugc suu tim va bign soan vao thdi Le nen khdng thfl tranh
Luang Thi Tiianh Dung Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 167(07): 49-54 khdi sy sua chfl'a, nhuan sac cho dl dgc, dg
higu vdi ngudi duong thdi. Trong van ban Thien tong bdn hgnh ban in nam 1932 xuit hien rat nhigu cac yeu tfl bigu ara, bigu y khign cho van ban khflng nhftng khac xa so vdi ban in nam 1745 raa theo chung tfli, nd cung rat khac vdi ban in trudc nd. Trong bang thflng ke cfla chung tdi ve phan van ty, cac chu Nflm dan trong ban 1745 chigm gan 2/3 trong tflng sd chft Ndm khac nhau ma chung tdi thdng kg dugc. Vii nhftng chft nay khi d ban 1932 thi hau nhu dugc Ihay the bang cac chu Ndm ly tao, thudng la cd thgm ygu tfl bigu 3^. Chinh su thay ddi nay da khien cho gidi ddc gia rlt nghi ngd ve vige tac pham Thien long bdn hgnh cd phai la lac pham chfl Ndm thdi Tran hay khdng khi trong nude chua biet dgn ban 1745.
Khi gidi Han Ndm trong nude biet den ban in 1745 nay Ihi deu nhgn dinh Thien tong bdn hanh la tac phlm chfl Nflm vln Nflm thai Tran la cd can cu. Tuy nhien, mgt sfl nha nghien curu khang dinh rd hon rang: van ban mang dam dau vet cfla chft ndm thdi Lg nhung van cdn luu lai dang kg dau vet cua chft Nom van Nflm thdi Trln.
Nguygn nhan thu hai phai kg dgn la do ngufln gflc xuat xfl cua hai van ban. Do khdng xuat xu tu ciing mgt van ban nen sy khac nhau cua ban 1745 va ban 1932 la diflu dl hieu. Hipn nay, tac pham Thiin long bdn hgnh dugc danh gia la mgt tae pham ndi tigng va cd gia tri vg mgi mat, hch sii, van hoc, xa hgi cung nhu tfln giao. Tuy nhien, trudc day viec truygn ban la do nhu cau tfln giao, tuygn truyen ve dao Phat lii chinh. Trai qua bao
nhigu bien cfl cfla dat nude, va do lac dflng cfla quy luat phat tnen ngfln ngfl tigng Viet cflng su logi bd cac ygu to da mat chflc nang van ty ngn tac phlm khong cdn luu gifl dugc nhu nguyen ban khong chi la van dg rieng cfla Thien tong bdn hanh mil la hien trang chung ciia ngn vln hgc Vigt Nam giai doan niiy.
KET LUAN
Qua so sanh hai ban cua lac phlm Thien tong bdn hgnh chung tfli nhan thay bin 1745 va ban 1932 khac nhau rat nhieu ve mat cau trflc chft Nflm, Cac chfl Nflm d ban 1745 Ihudng la ciic chfl Nflm dan nhung sang ban 1932 nhftng chfl nay dl dugc them vao cac yeu tfl bigu y tgo thanh cac chft Nom ghep.
Tac pham Thien long bdn hgnh dugc lim truyen den ngay nay chac hln da chfla dyng bigl bao thing tram trong do, Du sao, de cdn duac mgt Thien long bdn hanh nhu ngay hflm nay vdi nhflng gia tri hien tgi do nhflng ke hau hgc nhu chung ta phai biet nhd on va tran trgng y thuc gin gift, luu truyen cfla nhflng ngudl di trudc va nhftng cflng vipc raa hg da lam.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1, Dao Duy Anh (1975), Chii- Nom - Nguon goc.
Cdu tao, Diin biin, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi. Ha Npi.
2, Nguyen Dang Na (2004), Tinh tuyin vdn hgc Viil Nam, tap 3, Nxb Kiioa hpc xa lipi, TP, Ho Chf Minh, 3, Le Manh Tlial (2006), Todn tdp Trdn Nhdn Tong, Nxb Tflng hpp thanh phfl H6 Chi Minh.
4, Hoang Thi Ngp (2009), Kkdo cim. phiin dm, chii gldl - Thiin long bdn hanh, Nxb Van hpc, Ha Npi.
5, Nguyen Ngpc San (2003), Ly ihuyet cha Nam van Nom, Nxb Dai hoc Su pham. Ha Npi
Luong Thi Thanh Dung Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHh
S U M M A R Y
DIFFERENCES B E T W E E N T H E STRUCTURE OF N O M LETTERS IN THE PRINT B L O C K OF THIEN TONG BAN HANH IN 1745 A N D THE BLOCK IN 1932
Luong Thi Thanh Dung' University of Science • TNU Thien long ban hanh has a special position in the history of the development of Nom documents and literamre. In the context of the country experiencing many development periods with many up and downs, rnany materials of Nom letters during the Ly - Tran dynasty have disappeared but (here have been two different important print records of Tfiien tong ban hanh. They serve as a base for researches, on the appearance, language characteristics and scripts of the early Nom letters.
Especially, the stmcture of Nom letters, between 1945 version and 1932 version also have differences. Documents were born in what period will have that period's traits. That's why Nom letters in each version of Thien tong ban hanh has it own charactenstics in accordance wilh the age of the text.
Key words: Thien tong ban hanh, Nom letters, language, structure. Ly - Tran dynasty
Nggy nhdn bdi • 11/4/20} 7. Ngdy phdn biin: 24/5/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng: 28/6/2017
Tel- 0912 750006. Email: [email protected] 54
