Nguyen Thj Lan vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 164(04): 27- 32
SO SANH, L V A C H p N GIONG LUA NANG SUAT CAO, CHAT LlTOfNG TOT CHO v y MUA TAI THANH PHO SON LA, TINH SON LA
Nguyen Thi Lan*, Nguyen The Hiing Trudng Dai hoc Nong Lam — DH Thai Nguyen T O M T A T
Vdi myc dich lira chpn giong liia ngSn ngay, co ning suit cao va chit lupng tot d l b l sung vao co cau giong liia vy Miia cho tinh Son La. N ^ e n cihi dupe thuc hi?n nam 2015 tren 5 gilng liia, bo tri theo kieu khii ngau nhien hoan chinh, nhic lai 3 lin. Kit qua cho thiy: Thai gian sinh trudng ciia cac glfing liia deu thupc nhom ngIn ngay, phii hpp vdi co ciu gieo tring tai thanh p h i Son La;
Cac giong Ilia thupc nh6m thip c5y (chilu cao tii 100,9 - 115,9 cm); Kha nang de nhanh ciia cdc gilng Ilia cao (12-14 dAnh/khom), nhung ti 1? de hftu hi?u thip (43,1 - 54,8%); Cdc §i6ng bi nhifim sau cuon la nho; Gidng GLl 59 chit lupng cao, nang suit tirang duong vdi giln^ doi chiing va on dinh qua 2 diem nghien ciru, nhung cin danh gia them d vy tilp theo vi c6 dp thuan dat dilm 3 (ti 1§ cay khac dang 0,4%).
Tir kh6a: Giong liia. chat luang, ngan ngay, San La, vu Mita
D A T V A N D E
Thanh ph6 Son L a cd dien tich d i t t r i n g lua la 940 ha, nang suat Iiia ca nam dat 58,35
ta/ha, trong do dien tich liia mua 570 ha, nang suit Ilia miia dat 44,46 ta/ha [2]. Sd di nang suat liia vy miia thap hem nhilu so vdi vu Xuan vi gSp nhieu bat lpi cho canh tac liia nhu: mua bao, lii ong, lii quet, djch hai,...
Trudc thach thuc do ddi hdi cac nha khoa hpc phai nghien cuu de dua ra giai phap thiet thuc, hieu qua nham giam thieu tac dpng bat Ipi ciia thoi tiet, tang n5ng suat va san luong Ilia, dam bao an ninh luong thuc va phat trien ben viing cita thanh ph6 Son La noi rieng, ciia tinh San La noi chung.
Tii thyc trang dd, dinh hudng phat trien lua cua tinh la sii dung gidng va ap dung ky thuat tien bd, vi v^y nhieu gidng mdi dupe dua vao san xuat nhu lua thorn LT2, BC15, TBR-1, P6, Nip 87, IR64, Nhi iTu 838, Nhi Uu 63... [4]. Giai phap nay da cai thien dupe nang suit va san lupng lua gao cua tinh, tuy nhien mpt sd gidng lua cd nang suit cao nhung chit lupng lai thip (nhi uu 838, nhi uu 63), mpt sd gidng lua cd thoi gian sinh trudng kha dai (Huang cdm, P6, DSl), kha
Tel. 0914659128: Email:[email protected]
nang chdng chiu vdi dieu kipn bat thu^n kem (LT2, P6, DSl). Vi vay viec nghien cuu tuyen chpn gidng lua cd thai gian sinh trudng ngin, nang suat va chat lupng cao, kha nang chong chiu tdt de bd sung vao co cau giong liia vu miia tao dieu kien thuan lpi de ne tranh thien tai nhu han han, lii lyt d nhdng vimg kho khan trong dieu ki?n bien ddi khi hau nhu hien nay la dieu can thilt.
PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUXJ Vat lieu nghien ciiu
Nghien ciiu thyc hien tren 05 gidng liia:
GL159 (dupe lai tir td hop HT1/OM2395//
KD18), GLI05 (duoc lai tir td hpp P6/Xi23//
IRBB7/Q5), BT7 (BJc thom sd 7 la gilng lua thom cd nguon goc tir Trung Qudc), VSl (gidng Ilia thuan do cdng ty CP gidng cay trong Trung Uang chpn t^o) va BC15 (gidng Ilia thuan ban quyen cdng ty CP giong cay trong Thai Binh) duoc sir dyng dai tra d dia phuong lam ddi chiing.
Phwcrng phap nghien cihi
Nghien cini thyc hien trong vu Mua nam 2015
t^i phudng Chiing Coi va xa Chiing Xdm,
thanh pho Son La, tinh Son La. Thi nghiem cd
5 cdng thiic (5 giong lua) dupe bd tri theo kilu
khoi nglu nhien hoan chinh, nhac lai 3 lin.
Nguyen Thi Lan vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 164(04): 27-32 Bang L Thoi gian qua cdc giai doan sinh Irwdng cua cdc giong lua thinghipn
Gilng
Thdi gian tCr gieo den... (ngay)
Lam d6ng Tro Chin (TGST)
CCffi CXom CCoi
GLl 59 GL105 BT7 VSl BC15(d/c)
27 22 24 22 25
29 23 26 25 28
56 49 53 52 55
58 52 57 54 61
85 72 81 74 83
105 109 101
107
no
103 Cac chi tieu theo doi: dac difim ndng hpc;
sinh trudng; miic dp nhiem sau benh hai; cac yeu td c l u thanh nang suat va nang suat Ida;
chat lupng thoc, g^o dupe danh gia theo Quy chuSn k j thuat qudc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sii dung ciia giong lua [1].
KET QUA N G H I E N C U U
Thoi gian sinh t r w d n g cua cac giong lua thi nghiem tai t h a n h p h o S o n L a
Trong dieu kien bien doi khi hau, thdi tilt d i l n b i l n b i t thudog, vy Miia tai Son La thuong hi mua b§o, lu quet, viec lua chpn nhirng giong liia ngan ngay cho vu lua mua la chii truong ciia tinh n h i r a thu hoach kip thdi de trdng rau mau vu Ddng [4].
Thdi gian tir gieo den d e nhanh, lam dong va tro cua gidng GL159 tuong ducmg vdi gidng doi chiing, nhung gidng cdn lai de nhanh, lam ddng, tro sdm h o n gidng doi chiing. Cac chi tieu nay d xa C h i i n g X d m dai h o n phudng Chiing Cai co t h i la do nhiet dp trung binh ngay dem d Chieng X o m t h i p hem d C h i i n g coi 2 - 3''C [5]. Dashtmian F.P va cs (2013) [6]; Sava S. (2013) [9] cho rSng nhiet dp t h i p Bang 2. Mgt sd dac diem nong sinh
lam lua de nhanh mudn va keo dai thdi gian sinh trudng.
Thdi gian sinh trudng cua cac g i l n g liia thi nghiem tii 101 - 113 ngay (Chiing coi); 103 - 115 ngay ( C h i i n g X d m ) . Gidng GL159 co thdi gian sinh trudng sai khac khong nhilu so vdi g i l n g doi chiing, cac gidng con lEii co thai gian sinh trudng ngan b a n giong d l i chiing.
N h u v3y c i c gidng liia thi nghiem deu thu^c n h o m gidng ngan ngay, phii hpp vdi co ciu gieo trong tai thanh phd Son La.
M 9 t so d a c d i e m n o n g sinh h^c ciia cic giong Ilia t h i n g h i e m tai t h a n h p h o SOD La Mpt s i chi tieu ndng sinh hpc nhu chilu dai bong, goc la ddng, dp ciing cay,.. hSn quan chat nang suat va kha nang chong chiu cua Ilia. Nhirng g i l n g cd bong dai, goc la dong hep thuong cho nang s u i t cao [3], gi6ng ciing cay cd kha nang chong dd cao [7]. Ket qua thi nghiem cho thay cac chi tieu nay khong khac nhau d 2 diem nghien c u u trir dp dai giai doan trd ciia giong GL159), vi vay ket qua dupe trinh bay chung cho ca 2 diem.
hoc cua cdc giong lua thi nghiem
Giong
Chieu dai Goc la bong dong
Bo dai D$ thuan Do thoat Df S $ S9 giai doan d i n g co bong cling cay tan l£ rgnghat GL159
GL105 BT7 VSl BC15(d/c)
5 5 3 3 5
5/9' 5 5 5 5
3 1 1 1 1
5 1 5 1 1
1 5 5 5 1
5 5 5 1 5 C*. Dp dai giai doan trd a phuong Chieng Cpl dat dlim 5. xa Chiing Xom dat diem 9) 28
Nguyin Thj Lan vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 164(04): 27-32 - Gidng G L I 5 9 , GL105 cd chilu dai b6ng
trung binh (diem 5) n h u giong ddi chung.
Gidng V S l va gidng B T S 7 c h i l u dai bong bong n g i n (diem 3).
- Gdc la d d n g cua cac gidng lua thi nghiem d i u d dang d u n g ( d i l m 1), thuan lpi cho kha nang nhan anh sang, thuc hien qua trinh quang h p p d u p e tdt h o n d giai doan liia vao c h i c n h u Lui Qi-hua va cs. (2014) [7], Matsushima S. (1995) [8] da k i t luan.
- Dp dai thdi gian trd ciia cac gidng trong thi nghifm dupe danh gia d d i l m 5 (trir g i l n g GL159 d xa Chieng X d m cd thdi gian tro keo dai 9 ngay). D p thuan ddng rudng ciia cac g i l n g dat d i l m 1 n h u gidng dfli chiing (trir gidng G L l 59 dat diem 3 vi cd 0,4% cay khac dang).
- Dd Cling cay: Giong G L l 0 5 va V S l co dp Cling cay d u o c danh gia d diem 1 n h u giong ddi chiing. Cac gidng cdn lai c6 dp cung cay d u p e danh gia d diem 5.
K h a n a n g sinh t r i r d n g c u a giong Ida t h i nghiSm tai t h a n h p h o Sim L a
* Cac giong liia thi nghiem d i u thudc nhom thap cay (chieu cao cay d p h u d n g chieng c a i : 1 0 2 , 0 - 112,6 cm; xa C h i i n g Xdm: 100,9 - 115,9 cm). Gidng GL159 co chiSu cao cay cao n h i t (xep nhdm a), gidng GL105 ( C h i i n g Coi), gidng G L l 0 5 va B T 7 ( C h i i n g Xdm) cd chieu cao cay (xep nhdm b), cac gidng con l^i CO chieu cao cay xep nhdm ab.
- Sd la va s6 nhanh toi da ciia cac giong liia thi nghiem d ca 2 diem nghien ciiu deu sai khac khdng cd y nghTa thong ke so vdi gidng d l i chdng (P >0,05).
- So nhanh hOu hieu cua cac gidng lua khdng cao (phudng ChiSng Coi: 5,4 - 7,6 nhanh/
khom, xa Chieng Xdm: 5,0 - 7,2 nhanh/
khom). CJ ca 2 diem nghien cuu, giong V S I CO so nhanh sai khac khong co y nghia thfing ke so vdi gidng ddi chiing, cac giong cdn l^i CO so nhanh hiju hieu thap hon giong doi chuTig (P < 0,05).
Bang 3. Dac diem sinh truong cua cdc gidng lua thi nghiem Giong
GL159 GLIOS BT7 VSl BC15(d/c) P LSD,,, CV(%)
Ciiicu cac C C o i 112,6"
102,0' 103,8"' 106,6"' 105,43"'
<0,05 10,70 5,4
cSy (cm) C.Xom
115,9"
101,7' 100,9' 107,9"' 106,6"'
<0,05 10,58 5,3
So la (la) C C o i
13,8 13,1 13,3 13,2 13,8
>0,05
4,1 C X S m
13,7 12,9 13,0 13,3 13,7
>0,05
4,5
So n h i n h toi da (niiinh/khom) C C o i
12,2"
13,6"
13,4"
13,6"
14,0"
>0,05
8,9 C.X6111
11,6"
12,2"
11,6"
12,4"
12,4"
>0,05
8.6
So nhanh hull hi^u (nhanh/iihoni) C C o i
5,4' 6,7' 6,2"
7,4"' 7,6"
<0,05 0.9 7.1
C.X8m 5,0' 6 , 3 "
5,7'"
6,8"
7,2"
<0,05 1.0 8.5 M u c dp n h i e m sau b e n h hai ciia cac giong liia thi n g h i f m t^i t h a n h p h o So'n L a
Bang 4. Miic dp nhiem sdu, b^nh hai cua cdc giong liia thi nghiem
Giong GL159 GL105 BT7 VSl BC15((l/c)
Sau C.COT 1 3 1 0 3
cuon l i nho C.X6m
1 5 1 1 3
Sau due than Ccffi C X o m
3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
B^nh dao C C o i
0 0 0 0 1
on C X o m
0 0 0 0 3
Nguyin Thj L5n va Dtg Tap chi tUiUA H y u Si. i-iJiNU i i u n p Sau c u i n la nhd (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis
Guennee) x u i t hieu d h i u h i t cac g i l n g , trong dd gidng GL105 cd ti le nhdnh bi hai cao nhit, d i l m 3 (Chiing Coi), d i l m 5 (Chieng Xom). Cac g i l n g cdn lai bj hai nhe d d i l m 0 - 1, gidng ddi chiing bi hai d diem 3. Sau dye than b u d m hai c h i m (Scirpophaga incertulas) chi x u i t hi?n d p h u d n g Chieng Coi, gidng G L l 59 bi h?i d d i l m 3 , cac gidng con lai bi hai d d i l m 1 tuong tu nhu gidng ddi chung.
Benh dao dn (Pirycularia oryzae Cav) xuat hien tten gidng B C 1 5 , danh gia d diem 1 (Chiing Cai), d i l m 3 (Chiing Xdm), cac g i l n g cdn lai khdng bi benh dao dn gay hai.
Yeu to can t h a n h n a n g s u i t va n a n g s u a t ciia cac giong liia thi n g h i e m
- Sd bdng/m^: Gidng V S l (Chiing Coi); V S l va GL105 (Chiing X6m) co sd bdng/m^ sai khac kh6ng cd y nghia vdi g i l n g doi chdng.
Cac g i l n g con lai cd so b6ng/m^ thap hem chSc c h i n g i l n g d l i chiinig BC15 (p<0,05) - So hat chic/bdng:
+ Tai Chiing Coi: G i l n g GL159 co sd hat chic/bdng cao b a n chac chan gidng doi chiing, gidng V S l cd s i hat chac/bdng t h i p hon gidng ddi chiing (p<0,05).
+ Tai C h i i n g Xdm: G i l n g GL159 cd sd hat chic/bdng tuong duong gidng ddi chiing (cung xep nhdm a). Cac gidng cdn lai cd sd hat chic/bdng t h i p h o n chac c h i n gidng doi chung (p<0,05).
Bang 5. Yeu to cdu thdnh ndng sudt vd
- K h i i lupng 1000 hat
+ Tai C h i i n g Coi: Gidng BT7 cd khIi lupng 1.000 hat thap h o n g i l n g d l i chiing, cac gidng cdn lai cd khdi lupng 1000 hat cao hon g i l n g ddi chung (p<0,05).
+ Tai C h i i n g Xdm: K h I i lupng 1000 h^it biln dpng khdng n h i l u so vdi d Chiing Coi.
Gidng BT7 va V S l cd khdi lupng 1000 hat tuong d u o n g vdi gidng ddi chiing, cac gilng con lai cd khdi lupng 1000 hat cao hon gilng ddi chiing (p<0,05).
- Nang s u i t thuc thu
+ Tai C h i i n g Coi: Trir gidng GL159 co nang s u i t thuc thu dat 73,25 ta/ha, tuong duong dli chung, cac gidng cdn lai co nang suat thuc thu t h i p b a n g i l n g d l i chung (p<0,05).
+ Tai C h i i n g Xdm: G i l n g B i c tham s i 7 co nang suit thuc thu thap hem gidng d l i chiing cac g i l n g cdn l^i cd nSng s u i t thuc thu khong sai khac so vdi gidng doi chdng (P<0,05).
M p t so chi tiSu c h a t l u p n g ciia cac giong Ilia thi n g h i f m tai t h i t n h p h 6 S o n L a G i l n g GL105 va V S l co ti le gao x a t v a tile gao nguyen cao b a n gidng doi chiing, cac gidng con lai thap h o n gidng d l i chung.
Gidng G L l 5 9 cd h i u h i t cac chi tieu v l chat luong c o m cao hem gidng doi chiing. Cac gidng khac cd chat lupng c o m thap hon giong ddi chiing.
ndng sudt cua cdc giong liia thi nghiem Giong
GLl 59 GL105 BT7 VSl BC15(d/c)
;'
LSD„s CV(%)S6 bfing/m' (bong) CCoi 214,7°
268,0' 248,0*' 297,3"' 304,0'
<0.05 35.4
7.1 CXom
201,3' 252,0"
226,7' 270,7"
286,7"
<0.05 34.7
7.4 SShat chac/h&ng (hat) C.Cffi 205,7"
151,7'' 152,7'' 133,3' 175,0'
<0,05 28.0 9.1
CXom 207,0"
117,7' 150,7' 147,7' 189,3"
<0,05 28.9 9.5
Khoi tiling 1000 hat (g) CCoi
24,5' 25,5"
21,2' 23,5' 22,1'
<0,0J 0,63 1.4
C.X6m 24,4"
25,0"
21,0' 23,7"
22,0"
<0.05 1.92 4.4
Nang su^t 1^
thuylt (ta/ha) C C o i 107,6*
103,4"
80,3' 92.8"
117,3"
<0,OJ 13.6 7.2
CXom 101,8*
74,2' 71,9' 94,6' 119,5"
<0.05 20,0 11.2
Nang suat thm;
thu (ta/ha) CCori CXom 72,3" 71,4' 66,1' 64,3*
58,8' 57,4*
63,5' 66,6' 74,5" 72,2"
<0.05 <0.05 7,6 S,0 6.0 6,4
Nguyin Thj Lan vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ 164(04): 27-32 Bang 6. Chat luang thoc, gao cua cdc giong lua thi nghiem
Giong
Tf 1| Ti 1?
gao gao x^t nguyen
(%) (%)
Kich thirdc
hat gap (mm) C h i t lugng ccrm (diim)
Dai R$ng Mui Dp D§ Dp DO
thofm tranR bdng mem dinh ngon GLl 59 66,3 74,2 6,3
GL105 73,4 78,4 5,8 BT7 69,7 70,3 5,9 VSl 72,3 80,4 5,1 BC15(d/c) 72,1 77,6 6,5
2,2 2,5
3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 KET LUAN
Thdi gian sinh trudng ciia cac gidng liia thi nghiem deu thupc nhdm ngan ngay, phii hpp vdi ca cau gieo trdng tai thanh phd Son La.
Cac gidng lua deu thudc nhdm thap cay (chilu cao tir 100,9 - 115,9 cm), cd kha nang de nhanh cao (12-14 danh/khdm), nhung ti Ip de hiiu hieu thip (43,1 - 54,8%).
Cac giong Ilia trong thi nghiem deu nhiem sau cudn la nhd; CJ phudng Chieng Cai liia bi nhilm sau dye than budm hai cham. Benh dao dn chi xuit hi?n tren gilng doi chiing d ca 2 diem nghien cuu.
Gilng GLl 59 chat lupng cao, nang suit thuc thu tuong duang vdi gidng ddi chiing va on dinh qua 2 dilm nghien ciiu nhung can danh gia them d vu tilp theo vi dp thuan dat diem 3.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 1. BO N6ng nghiep va Phat triln nong thfin (2011), Quy chudn ky thuat qudc gia vi khao nghiem gid tri canh tac vd sir dung ciia giong liia (QCVN 01 - 55: 2011/BNNPTNT).
2 Cue Thong ketinh Son La (2015), Men gidm thdng ki, Nxb Thong kS.
3. Nguyin Van Hoan (2006), Cdm nang cay lua, Nxb Lao dpng, tr.i69-180.
4. Sd Non^ nghi?p va PTNT tinh Son La, (2015), Bdo cdo tong kit nam 2015
5. Tram Khi tupng thiiy van thanh pho Son La (2015), Sd liiu khi tupng.
6. Dashtmian F. P., Hosseini M. K., Esfahani M.
(2013), "Methods for rice genotypes cold tolerance evaluation at germination stage", IJACS 5-18,pp.2\n-2\\6.
1. Lui Qi-hua, Wu Xiu, Chen Bo-cong, Ma Jia- quig, Gao Jie (2014), "Effect of low light on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice inclucding grain yeild and quality". Rice Science, 21(5), pp. 243-251
8. Matsushima S. (1995), "Physiology of high- yielding rice plants from the viewpoint of yield components". In Science of The Rice Plant, Volume two: Physiology (Eds: Matsuo T., K.
Kumazawa, R. Ishh, K. Ishihara, & H. Hirata).
Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokyo,Japan, pp. 737-766.
9. Sava S. (2013), Cold tolerance of temprate and tropical rice varieties. Grains research &
Development corporation, WA crop updates, pp.1-4
Nguyen Thi U n va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGH£
SUMMARY
SELECTION OF T H E H I G H - Y I E L D A N D G O O D - Q U A L I T Y R I C E V A R I E T Y FOR T H E S U M M E R RICE IN SON LA CITY, SON L A P R O V I C E
Nguyen Thi Lan', Nguyen The Hung University of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU
To select short-term nee varieties with high yields and quality for Son La province, an experiment consisting five rice varieties were designed as random complete block design with three replications and was conducted in 2015. The results showed that duration of the rice varieties were classified as a short time rice group, suitable for summer rice variety in Son La city; The rice varieties belonged to low height group (100.9 to 115.9 cm), they had high tillering ability (12-14 tiller per hUl), but low tillering efficiency (43.1 to 54.8 % ) ; they were infected with rice leaf folder; rice blast disease only appeared on the control treatment in both two study locations. GL159 variety obtained the yield equivalent to the control and stable through two study sites, but needs further evaluation in the next time due to heterogenous plant population.
Keywords: Rice variety, quality, short day, Son La provice, Summer.
Ngay nhan bdi: 14/02/2017; Ngdy phdn bUn: 07/3/2017; Ngay duyet ddng: 27/4/2017
Tel: 0914659128. Email ngila
