THONG TIN KHOA HOC (BLHS Nga cung quy dinh cdc ttudng hgp
loai ttii tinh chat pham tdi ciia hdnh vi gdm:
Phdng ve chinh dang - Diiu 37; tinh thi cdp thiit - Diiu 39; gdy thiet hai tt-ong khi bdt giii ngudi pham tdi - Dieu 38; thi hanh menh lenh hoac chi thi - Dieu 42).
Ben cgnh nhimg diem tuang dong. Bp luat Hinh su cua Viet Nam vd Lien bang Nga CO nhieu diem khdc biet ve cdc truang hgp logi trie TNHS, cu the la:
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi "tmh the cap thiet":
Khodn 2 Diiu 39 BLHS Lien bang Nga quy dinh ve vugt qua gidi ban ciia tinh the cdp thiet nhu sau: "Vugt qud gidi han cua tinh thS cdp thiet la viec gdy ra thiet hai khdng ttiong ximg vdi tmh chat va mirc do nguy hiem dang de dga va vdi hoan cdnh ngan chan sy nguy hiem, gdy ra thiet hai bang hoac ldn ban thiet hai cdn ngan ngira. Viec chiu ttach nhiem hinh su chi trong trudng hgp neu cd y gay thiet hai". Tucmg iing vdi no, Diiu 23 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh nhu sau: "Trong trudng hgp thiet hai gdy ra rd rang vugt qud yeu cau ciia tinh the cdp thiet, thi ngudi gay thiet hai do phdi chiu trach nhiem hinh sy" (khodn 2); su gay thiet hai nay phdi "nhd ban thiet hai can ngan ngira"
(khoan 1). So sanh hai ttudng hgp tten cho thdy BLHS Lien bang Nga quy dinh vugt qua tinh thi cdp thiit dya tten mirc do thiet hiii gdy ra; theo do, miic thiet hai gay ra neu bang hoac ldn ban thiet hai cdn ngan ngira thi hi xem la vugt qud gidi ban ciia tmh the cap thiit, Vugt qua gidi ban tinh the cap thiit khdng phdi chiu TNHS niu nhu banh vi gay thiet hai vugt qua do khdng phai do cd y. Trong khi do, BLHS nam 2015 lai quy dinh chi cdn vugt qua gidi ban tmh the cdp thiit (khdng phdn biet la cd y hay vd y) thi deu tiiugc trudng hgp phdi chiu TNHS neu hanh vi gay tiiiet hai dd cdu thanh tgi pham (neu hanh vi do Id vd y thi cdu thdnh tdi
pham ve cac tdi vd y, neu cd y tiii cdu thdnh tdi pham theo cac tdi cd y).
Thic hai, trudng hgp loai tru TNHS "gay thiet hai trong khi bat giii ngudi pham tdi", tai Diiu 24 BLHS nam 2015 khdng quy dinh rd ve trudng hgp "sii dyng vii lyc vugt qua miic can thiet". Trong khi dd, Dieu 38 BLHS Lien bang Nga da quy dinh cu the van de ndy nhu sau: "Vugt qua gidi han cac bien phdp can thiet de bat giii ngudi pham tdi Id sy khdng tuang xiing ro ret cua cdc bien phdp nay vdi tinh chdt va mirc do nguy hiem cho xa hpi ciia hanh vi pham tdi vd vdi hoan canh bat giii, khi khdng can thiet gdy ra thiet hai qua miic cho phep ddi vdi ngudi bi bat giii". Ngodi ra, ciing gidng nhu trudng hgp vugt qua tinh the cdp thiet da phan tich d tren, hdnh vi vugt qua gidi ban cdn thiit de bdt giii ngudi phara tgi ttong BLHS Lien bang Nga quy dinh ngudi gdy thiet hai khi bat giii ngudi pham tdi chi phdi chiu TNHS khi tiiuc hien bdnh vi gdy thiet hai vugt qud gidi han do Idi cd y.
Thic ba, vi ttudng hgp loai trir TNHS
"thi hdnh raenh lenh cua ngudi chi huy hoac cua cdp tren". Day ciing la mdt tinh tiet ldn ddu tien dugc quy dinh trong BLHS nam 2015 (tuang img vdi Diiu 42 BLHS Lien bang Nga "thi hanh menh leiih hoac chi thi"). Theo dd, ngudi thuc hien hdnh vi gay thiet hai trong khi thi hanh menh lenh ciia ngudi chi huy hoac cua cdp tren ttong luc lugng vu trang nhdn ddn de thuc hien nhiem vu qudc phdng, an ninh, neu da thyc hien ddy dil quy trmh bao cao ngudi ra menh lenh nhung ngudi ra menh lenh vdn yeu cdu chdp hdnh menh lenh do, thi khdng phdi chiu TNHS. So vdi Diiu 42 BLHS Lien bang Nga thi quy dinh trong BLHS nam 2015 cd su khac biet. Bd luat Hinh sy Lien bang Nga khong gidi ban ngudi thuc hien hanh vi gay thiet hai ttong khi thi hdnh lapel!-;
~S6l6(thang8/2019)^KlEM .SAI I 5 7
