ISSN: 2354-0575
(ii^
NGHIEN ClTU M 6 HINH H 6 A QUA TRINH PHAT THAI NO^TRONG DQNG CO XE MAY RESEARCH ON MODELING OF MECHANISM OF NO^ EMISSION IN MOTORCYCLE ENGINE
Nguyen Nang Minh, Bui Ha Trung, Pham Van Giang Tru&ng Dai hgc Suphgm Ky thugt Hung Yen Tom tat
V&i cdc thdnh phdn khi thdi dgc hgi dang hdng ngdy gdy d nhiim mdi tru&ng sdn ra tir dpng eo. Vdn di gidm phdt thdi da dugc dgt nin hdng ddu v&i cdc biin phdp cdi tien ddng ca vd bien phdp xu ly khi thdi da dugc dp dung. Hien nay. cae xe mdy khdng co biin phdp xu ly khi thdi trin du&ng dng thdi. Cdn cdc dpng CO cd bd xu lyxdc tdc tren du&ng thdi (dii xdng hay diesel) nhung lugng NO^ sinh ra diu cdn khd cao.
Gidm thieu su hinh thdnh NO trong ddng ea xe mdy la diiu rdt cdn thiit.
Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy kit qud nghiin ciru ca chi vd dgc diem qud trinh hinh thdnh NO^ trong ddng CO xdng trin ca sd md hinh chdy da viing. Xdy dung md hinh todn nghiin cuu ddc diim vd ddnh gid dp tin cay cda md hinh bang cdch so sdnh ket qud tlnh todn vai sd liiu thi nghiem hinh thdnh NO^ vd dua ra dp tin cgy cua md hinh bdng kit qud thi nghidm. Dgng ca xe mdy duac diing trong qud trinh thu nghiem Id dgng CO trin xe Wave a do hang Honda sdn xudt Kit qud bdi bdo dd dua bd so liiu cu the ciia khi thai NO eua ddng ca ddt trong vd cae lugng khi NO khac nhau cua tirng che dp cua ddng ea vd cdc g gidm phat thdi.
Tir khoa: Ddng ca xe mdy. khi thdi NO^. Hdm luang phdt thdi. Nhiin lieu xdng MOGAS 92
I. Dat van de
Ngay nay, van de 6 nhiem mfli trudng dang nhdn duge sy quan tam ciia ca the gidi, no trd nin hue xiic vfli tat cd eae qufle gia. Lien tuc eac hot nghi thugng dinh dugc to chuc dl ban bac va dua ra eae biln pbap xu ly 6 nhiem moi truong nhu: Rio De Janeiro (Braxin, 1992), Kyoto (Nhat, 1997) va Johannesburg (Nam Phi, 9/2002), Bali(Indonexia 12/2007) vd hgi nghi mfli truong thi gidi duge td chuc tai Copenhague (Dan Mach 12/2009) [3,4, 5].
Mfli truflng xung quanh chiing ta dang bi buy diet nghiera trgng tu nhieu ngufln khac nhau. Mpt trong cac ngufln 6 nhilm chii yeu la khi thai dgng co dflt trong, thilt bi cung cap tdi 80%. tflng nang lugng tiiu thy tren toan eau [7, 8, 9]. Cae hpi nghj nay da chi ra rat nhieu nguyen nhan gay fl nhiim mfli truflng. Mgt yong nhiing nguyen nhan ehu yiu dfl la khi thai ciia dflng ca dflt trong. Dac biet la loai phuong tien giao thflng dang lim hanh
Tai Viet Nam, cung vdi sy phat triin cda qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nhu eiiu sir dyng cac phuang tiln giao thflng van tai ngay cdng nhieu. Trong dfl xe may vdn chiim ty 11 rdt ldn trin ca nudc va lugng xe otfl ngay mgt tang. Vi du, toc dp tang binh quan xe may cua nhimg nam 90 Id 11,94%... Tai thdi diim 31.12.1999 ca nudc cfl 460.000 otfl va 5.585.000 xe may dang hoat dflng, cufli nam 2003 tang lin din 500.000 otfl, khoang 11' trieu xe may, cufli nam 2004 thi con sfl tuong ung la 523.509 va 13 trieu theo sfl lieu cua Dang kiem Viet Nam. Ndm 2008 theo udc tinh ca nudc ta cfl khoang
40700.000 fltfl va 20 trieu xe may. Phan tdn sfl fltfl, xe may tap trung d eac dfl thi Ifln nhu Ha Nfli (12%), thanh phfl Hfl Chi Minh (30%)... gay ra 6 nhiem moi truong trara trgng. Do do, vile nghien cuu va ap dung cac phuang phap giam thanh phdn phat thai dgc hai nay cua cac phuang tien giao thong lufln dugc ddt ra.
Chinh vi vay, viec nghiin cuu kiim sodt phat thai tu ngay ben trong xi lanh dgng ca doi vdi xe may se gop phan quan trgng vdo giam fl nhiim moi truflng. De thyc hien duge diiu nay edn nghien edu ca chi va dac diem hinh thanh cdc thanh phin dgc hai khi NO^ tren xe raay td trong xi lanh dflng co [1,2].
2. N§i dung va phuong phap nghiin ciru 2.L Muc tiiu nghiin cuu
Xay dyng mo hinh toan nghien cuu dac diim va danh gia dp tin cay cua rao hinh bdng cdch so sanh kit qua tinh toan vdi sfl lieu thi nghiim hinh thanh NO^ va dua ra do tin cay cua mfl hinh bdng kit qua thi nghiera.
2.2. D6i tu-gng nghiin cuu
Xe may dugc dung trong qua trinh thir nghiera la xe Wave a do hang Honda san xudt.
Nghien cim co che va ddc diim qua trinh hinh thanh N0_ trong dgng ea xdng trin ca sd mo binh chay da vung.
Nhiln lieu xang MOGAS 92.
Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - So 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2354-0575
2.3. Phuong phdp nghiin cihi Phuang phdp thuc nghidm'
- Phuong phap nghien edu tai li|u. Lya chpn nhimg tai lieu ve mdt so gidi phap phan tich qua trinh chdy, phdn tich thdnh phan phdt thai va cac gidi phap giam phat thai da su dyng tir do dua ra nhung k i t luan ban ddu cua tdc gid.
- Phuang phdp thyc nghiem:
Phuang phap lay mdu CVS (Constant Volume Sampling). Hien nay, phuong phdp ldy ralu vdi thi tieh khflng doi CVS duge su dung cho ca ehuong trinh thir chau Au va FTP-75 ciia My. H I thflng CVS tao ra Itm lugng thi tich khong dfli trong he thflng do, qua dfl giup cho viec tinh toan luong khi thai ciing nhu lugng dgc hai dupe ehinh xac
Phuong phap xdc dinh cac thanh phdn dflc hai. Toan bg he thflng phan tich khi xa dupe thiet lap theo mgt he thdng cac quy udc hoan chinh giup eho sy dieu khiln va thu nghiem la tot nhat.
2.4. Ngi dung nghien cihi
- Van dyng li thuyit nguyin ly dflng co dflt trong, khi thai dflng ca va d nhiem moi trudng. Dua ra dupe su hinh thanh ve lupng khi thai NO^ trong ddng CO ddt trong vao mfli truong.
- Dua bg sfl lieu cy the cua khi thai NO^ ciia dgng CO dflt trong va cac lugng khi N0__ khde nhau cua hing c h i do ciia dgng eo.
- Cd thi ung dung duoc phan mem Fortran d i ve dd thi lugng khi thdi N O , tmh toan da thiet lap.
a. Phuang phdp lay mdu
Xae dinh cdc thanh pban dpc bai theo Phuang phap ldy mdu CVS duge thue hien d phong thi nghiim Dong ea dot trong, Dai hpc Bach Khoa Hd Ndi vdi sa dfl trin hinh I.
1. Quat hut; 2, 9, 14, 20, 28. Bom dmh lugng; 3. Dudng d i n tu tiii khi mdu; 4. Ong venture;
5. Thiit bl sdy va dn dmh nhiet dp; 6. Bp Igc khi; 7, 17, 25. Van, 8. Ddu ldy mSu khi d i xac dinh P-M;
10. Dudng din bp phan tich HC; I I . D i u lay mdu phan tich HC, 12, Ong pha loang khi thai diesel; 13, 19. Duflng den tiii khi khflng khi nen; 15, 2 1 . Dau liy mdu khflng khi nin; 16, 23. Bp Igc khflng khi lam loang; 24. Ong nfli; 26. Ong hoa trfln; 27. Giay loe P-M; 29. Tli ldy mdu P-M; 30. Van phan phfli;
31. Quat root; 32. Dflng hd
b. Phuang phdp xdc dinh cdc thdnh phdn dpc hgi
Toan bp he thflng phan tieh khi xa dugc thiet lap theo mgt he thong cdc quy udc hoan chinh giiip cho su diiu khiin va thu nghiim la tflt nhat. D l lara dugc dieu nay cdc nha khoa hge da nghien ciiru vi tri lap dat cdc fl do sao cho vi tri do cfl anh budng tflt nhdt toi kit qua. Thflng thudng ddu do Idp ddt d l do CO, NO^.
- Cau tao cua he thong do NO va NO : Dung cy do la thilt bi xac dinh cuimg dg anh sang, nfl bao gflm cac chi tilt chinh:
1. Khi flzfln dugc sinh ra nhd mgt thiet bi tao flzfln trong khflng khi
2. 8 6 phan chuyin dfli N O , thanh NO 3. Buflng phan img do NO^ efl cae duflng ddn khi ozfln va khi raau.
4. Buong phdn img do NO efl cac duflng din khi flzfln va khi mau.
5. Bp phan buy flzfln trudc khi dua ra ngoai moi truong.
6. Bg phan do cuflng do sang.
BO EHAN TICH NIEKOGEN OXIDE
Hinh I. So do hi thong ldy mdu CVS
Hinh 2. So do cdu tgo ciia bd phdn lich NO vd NO^
- Nguyen tdc hoat dflng:
Thilt bi boat dflng dya vao hien tuang khi quang boa d l xac dinh hara lupng NO va NO . Thyc chit phuang phap nay la do eudng dp anh sang do cae phdn tir NO^ boat tinh smh ra. NO^ boat tinh duge tao ra trong buflng phan ung qua phan iing sau:
NO + O = N 0 * + 0 ,
Khoa h9c & Cong nghf - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 41
ISSN: 2354-0575
Khflng khi dugc dua vao mgt duflng va dupe cho qua bg tao flzfln, O, trong khflng khi dugc tao thanh Oj nhd tia lua dien va duge dua den buong pban img.
De do lupng NO cfl Uong khi xa, khi xa dugc dua true tiep vdo buflng phan ung. Trong buflng phan ling cfl O^ vi vay mflt phan NO eo trong khi xa mau se phan ung voi O^ va tao ra NO^*, NOj boat tinh tfln tai khong lau trong dieu kiln binh thuong vi vay nfl se tu dong chuyen vi NO, khflng boat tinh bang each phong di rapt phan nang lugng dudi dang tia sang. Do cuong do tia sang thu dugc va dya vao do dl xac djnh lugng NO pban iing. Tit lugng NO phan ung cfl thi tinh ra lugng NO cfl trong khi xa
70 km/h cfl xu hudng gidm khong tang niia va cong sudt dn dinh ttong khoang 3,4 din 3,82 kW. Tai van tflc 90km/h thi cdng sudt la 3,65kW.
Dl do lugng NO^ cfl trong khi xa mdu, eho tdt cd khi xa mdu di qua mgt bg chuyin dfli hi NO^
thdnh NO. Phdn Idn NO^ chuyin ddi thanh NO, sau dfl tdt ca khi xd da qua chuyin dfli duge dua tdi buflng phan img Tuang ty nhu vdi NO, trong buong phan img mflt lupng NO cfl trong khi xa se phan ling vdi O, va tao thanh NO^ boat tinh. NO^
boat tinh co nang lugng cao se chuyin vi muc ndng luong thap va phat ra anh sang, cdn cu vao cudng dp anh sang thu dugc ta tinh ra dupe lugng NO co trong khi xa.
Trong tat ed cdc phan ung cOa bp pban tieh NO va NO^ diu xdy ra voi hieu suit nhdt dmh. Do dfl de biit dugc ehinh xac luong chdt NO va NO CO trong khi xa ta phai xac dinh dugc hieu suit ciia phan ung. Mufln vay ta phdi biit dugc luang chdt tham gia phdn ung. Chinh vi vay ttong he thflng CE8II efl mot bfl phan do hieu suit phan img tao O va hieu suat phdn ung tao NO.
3. Ket qud nghien cuu va bdn luan - Kit qua thu nghiem tten xe may Wave a (Ldn 1).
Dfl thi 1. Cdng sudt ddng co Nhdn xet: Tai eac tay sfl 1, 2, 3 cflng suit theo ehieu tang len xe chay bflc cflng suat Idn tai tflc do 40 km/h cflng suit la 4,168 kW. Tay sfl 1 co cflng suat nhfl nhat. Cfln tay sfl 4 tang din van tfle
Dfl thi 2. Hdm lugng NO Nhdn xet: Ham lugng khi thai NO^ d mfli tay sfl khi tang tfle la khac nhau. Tai tay sfl 4 ham lupng phat thai tang tuong dfli on dmh khi tflc dp tdng va Ifln nhat la 382 ppm tai tdc dfl 90 km/h.
- Kit qua thu nghiem ttin xe may Wave a (Lin 2)
Dfl thi 3. Cdng sudt ddng co Nhdn xet: Lan 2 nay diln biin dfl thi cflng suat giflng Idn do thu nhdt. Tai van tflc 90 km/h thi cflng suit la 4,015 kW cao han so vdi ldn I.
Dfl thi 4. Hdm lupng NO
42 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 3/2014 Journal of Science and Technoloev
ISSN: 2354-0575
Nhdn xit: 8 ppm.
- Ham lugng khi thai NO^ khi do ldn 2 tuang 4. K i t luan
ty ldn 1 ve dang dd thi. Tai tay sfl 4 vd tflc do 90km/h 1. Van dung li diuylt nguyin ly dpng co ddt hara lugngphat thai la 388 ppm. trong, khi thai dgng c o v a fl nhiem mfli trudng. Dua - Dfl thi tten chi ra dac tinh keo v a p h a t thai ra duge sy hinh thanh v i lugng khi thai NO^ trong d cac tay sd khi luu thflng trin duflng. N i u cdn xe dflng co dflt ttong vdo mfli trudng.
bflc va khfle ta lua chpn di d nhung sfl thdp, cfln khi 2. Dua bo sfl lieu cu thi cua khi thai NO^ ciia can tdc dd eao ta chgn tay sfl cao. dgng ea dflt trong va cdc iugng khi N0_ khac nhau
- Khi ehay d tay sd cao (d day la tay sd 4) thi cua tung c h i dg cua ddng co.
khi chay vdi tflc do trong khoang 70 km/h thi ham 3 Co thi ung dyng duac phan m i m Fortran lugng phdt thai la thap. d i ve dfl thi lugng khi thai NO^ tinh toan da thiit
- Trong k i t qua trin ta quan tam tai tflc dfl lap.
90 km/h cong sudt dgng co tai 2 ldn do la 3,65 va 4. Gflp phin hodn thien ban v i mo hinh hda 4,015 kW vd ham lugng phat thai tai 2 ldn do la 382 khi thdi N O , ttong dpng co dflt trong.
Tai lieu tham khao
[I]. Bui Van Ga, Md hinh hda qud trinh chdy trong ddng ca ddt trong, NXB Khoa hoe va ky thudt, Ha Ngi 2008.
[2]. PhamMinhTudn,ir/;i'/Aa/^dngcffvi3dfl/i/emmd/(nfdng, NXB Khoa hoc va kythuat Ha Nfli 2009.
[3]. Ferguson, C. R. (1986), Internal Combustion Engines - Applied thermosciences, John Wiley &
Sons.
[4]. Heywood, J. B. (1988), Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill, New York p930.
[5]. Hoang, D. L, Mathematical modeling of multi-zone thermodynamics in pelrol engine during cold-start and warm-up, ioumdX of Science & Technology, No. 36, Hanoi 2002.
[6]. Hoang, D. L, 051 Modelling of exhaust nitric oxide emissions from a cold - start gasoline engine, Intemational Conference on Autoraovite Technology (ICAT), Hanoi 2002.
[7]. Hoang, D. L. and Chan, S. H. (1999), Modeling of Transient Heat Transfer and Catalytic Con- version of CO. HC andNOx in Engine Exhaust System at Engine Cold-Start, ICAT'99, Intemational Conference onAutoraotive Technology forVietnam, Hanoi 21 th-24th, 1999.
[8]. Janaf. Thermoehemical tables, 2nd ed. National Bureau of standards publications. NSRDS-N35 37, Washington D.C., 1971.
[9].K.ap\an,i. A. ?i.nA\ie:yviooA,i.Q.(\99\),Modelling the Spark Ignition Engine Warm-up Process to Predict Component Temperatures and Hydrocarbon Emissions, SAE Transaction 910302.
Abstract:
With these ingredients are toxic emissions daily environmental pollution produced from the engine.
Emissions problem has been set up leading to measures to improve the engine and exhaust treatment measures have been applied. Currently, no motorcycle exhaust treatment measures on waste pipe. As the processor engine on the exhaust catalyst (though petrol or diesel). but the amount of NO are born quite high. Minimize the formation of NO in motorcycle engines is essential.
This paper presents the results of the study mechanism and characteristics of the formation of NO in gasoline engine based on multi-zone fire model. Building mathematical models study the characteristics and evaluate the reliability of the model by comparing the calculation results with experimental data forming NO and given the reliability of the model with experimental results. Motorcycle engines are used
in the process of testing the engine on the car by Honda Wave a production. The results of the paper has put data specific NO^ emissions of internal combustion engines and NO^ emissions of each different mode of engine and emissions solutions.
Keywords: motorcycle engine. NO^ emissions, emissions component, MOGAS 92 gasoline.
Ngudi phan biln: PGS.TS. Nong Vdn Vin
