DIEN DAN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE
Chdt liTdng sang chd flufdc bao hd tir gdc nhin thiTdng mai hda va mot sd khuyen nghj
TS Nguyen HOlu Can Vign Khoa hoc Sd hCfu tri tue
Trong mdt vai thap ky gan day, viec nang cao chat IUdng cua he thong sd hifu tri tue (SHTT) dUdc coi la mot trong nhUng muc tieu dac biet quan trpng trong chien lUdc ve SHTT cua nhieu quoc gia, khu vUc, trong do cd Viet Nam. Mot trong nhu'ng thUdc do cd ban cho chat IUdng cua he thong neu tren la chat IUdng sang che (SC) dUdc bao hp. Bai viet khai quat mot so cd sd ly luan ve chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp, each thu'c danh gia va ap dung trong trUdng hdp nganh cdng nghiep dUdc pham d Viet Nam, tLT dd dUa ra mot so khuyen nghj nham nang cao chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp trong thdi gian tdi.
IHIddau
s c dUdc bao hd khdng ehi la san pham dau ra eija qua trinh xac lap dpc quyen SC, ma cdn ddng gdp vao nguon luc tn thUc cdng nghe va thdng tin ky thuat, eho phep xac djnh tinh trang ky thuat, xu hudng phat trien edng nghe, ranh gidi ddc quyen, tU dd thuc day canh tranh, cai tien cdng nghe, hoat ddng ddi mdi sang tao va phyc vy dae luc cho tang trudng kinh te. Tuy nhien nhieu nghien ciiu da ehi ra rang, ne'u SC dUdc bao hd cd chat lUdng thap se ed nhieu rui ro bat djnh khdng chl ddi vdi hoat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep ma cdn gay lang phi ngudn iUc xa hdi, han che su khich le ddi mdi sang tao va phat trien edng nghe, lam gia tang tae dpng tieu cue cua ddc quyen SC va that bai cua thj trudng, gia tang tdn that phuc ldi xa hpi. Vi vay, viec cai thien ehat IUdng SC dUde bao hd trd thanh mdt ddi hdi ndi tai mang tfnh cap thiet tren binh dien qud'c te va qud'c gia, nham nang cao chat IUdng ngudn IUc ndi sinh, phat
trien kmh te' ben vQng.
Chat lupng SC dUdc bao hd la mdt khai niem kha rdng, cd the dUdc do lUdng theo nhieu chl tieu khae nhau tuy thupe vao gdc nhin/quan diem cua mot chu the/
gidi nao dd. Tren the gidi, da cd kha nhieu nghien cUu ve each thUe danh gia chat lUdng SC dUde bao hd vdi cae each tiep can khae nhau, nhung khdng cd nhQng chi tieu mang tfnh qudc te hay toan cau ve chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp [1]. Ndi ham chat lUPng SC dupe bao hd cua moi nude khac nhau tuy thudc vao each thUc va hieu qua van hanh the che bao hp SC, chang han mUc dp cy the cua ban md ta SC, thdi gian tham dinh ddn dang ky bao hd SC, sU can bang ldi fch glQa ehCi the nSm giQ dpc quyen SC va xa hdi, ldi fch kinh te do SC mang lai. [2].
Mac du vay nhieu hpc gia cho rang, chat IUdng SC dUPc bao hd dUdc phan anh trong thUc te thUdng mai hda ddc quyen nhd tfnh hQu fch cua SC, va theo each tiep can nay, chat lupng SC dUde bao hd dupc do ludng bang mdt sd chi tieu nhU pham vi ap dyng,
mUc dp tham dyng, tuoi ddi thUc te cua SC... Ngoai ra, nhU da neu tren, cae chl tieu phan anh chat Iudng SC dupe bao hd cd tfnh ehfnh xac tUdng ddi, vi cdn phu thudc vao ddi hdi da dang ve chat IUdng cua cac chu the khac nhau trong he thong SHTT.
Dac diem va each thuic danh gia chat luidng SC duuc bao hp
Trudc het, do chat lupng SC dUdc bao ho dupe do bang su thda man nhu cau, nen mdt SC dupc bao hd neu khdng dap Ung dUdc nhu cau eua ngudi sCf dung se khdng dupc thi trUdng chap nhan eho du trinh dp edng nghe cua SC dUdc bao hd d mUc dp rat cao va/hoac gia trj dau tu de tao ra SC dd rat Idn thi chat IUdng eija nd van khdng dupe eol la d mUc dp cao tUdng xUng. Ndi each khac, chat lupng SC dupe bao hp khdng chl phy thudc vao mUc dp dau tu trf tue, vat chat de tao ra nd, ma cdn phu thudc vao mUc dp chap nhan cua thj trUdng.
Ha/ la, khac vdi chat lupng san pham thong thudng, chat lupng SC dUPc bao hd cd anh hudng mdt each he thdng tdi quyen
K M e N G H i V i e t f So 3 nam 2020
Diin dan Khoa hgc va Cong nghe I
cija ngudi khac cQng nhU Idi ich xa hpi. Mdt SC dupc bao hd neu cd chat IUdng khdng tot, chang han cd pham vi bao hd rpng qua mUc, se kim ham hoat ddng ddi mdi sang tao, can trd canh tranh lanh manh, lam gia tang tdn that phue ldi xa hdi... Ba ta, xet ve khia canh phap ly, ehat IUdng SC dUdc bao hd la mdt thupe tfnh cua dpc quyen SC, vi de dUdc bao hd, SC phai dap Ung mdt sd dieu kien bao hd theo quy dmh, tham chi trd thanh chuan muc mang tfnh the gidi, nhu tfnh mdi, trinh dp sang tao va kha nang ap dung cdng nghiep. Tuy nhien, nhUng dieu kien nay mdi ehi la dieu kien can ddi vdi chat IUdng SC dUPc bao hp; viec dap Ung day du cae dieu kien bao hd nhu tren khdng nhat thiet d i n tdi kha nang mang lai ldi ich kinh te cua SC dupc bao hd. Bon ia, chat lUdnq SC dupe bao hd cd the dUPc kiem soat va trd thanh ddi tUpng cija hoat ddng quan ly. Cung nhU chat lupng san pham thdng thudng, chat lupng SC dupc bao hd khdng phai la mdt ket qua ngiu nhien ma chiu tac ddng cua nhieu yeu td thupe ve ban than hoat ddng sang tao va qua trinh danh gia hieu luc ddc quyen. Mudn SC dupe bao hd dat dUdc chat IUdng mong muon, can phai kiem soat va quan ly mdt each dung dan cac yeu td nay, trong dd dac biet quan trpng la xac djnh dupe muc tieu chat lupng. Nha SC, cd quan xac lap quyen, cd quan thUc thi quyen la nhQng chu the chfnh trong viec kiem soat va quan ly chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp.
TU gdc nhin thUdng mai hda ddc quyen SC, cd the ndi chu the quan trpng nhat trong viec danh gia chat lUpng SC dUdc bao hp la ngUdi nam giQ ddc quyen SC, bao gom chu sd hOu SC va ngUdi cd quyen sCf dyng SC. Chu the nay khdng chi la ngUdi dau tU
cho qua trinh tao ra, phat trien SC bang nguon liic vat chat, tai chfnh, thdng tin... eua minh ma cdn la ngUdi trUc tiep thUdng mai hda nham tdi da hda kha nang sinh ldi cua SC, tU dd thu hdi dUdc khoan chi phi dau tu cho qua trinh tao ra, phat trien SC va tiep tyc tai dau tU cho qua trinh nay. Ddi vdi chu the nam giQ ddc quyen SC, chat IUdng cua SC ed the dupc phan anh thdng qua kha nang sinh Ipi cija nd, dUde the hien bdi cac chl tieu khae nhau nhU: pham vi ap dyng eija SC;
mUe dp SLf dung SC trong nganh cdng nghiep; tudi ddi thUe te eija SC; thdi gian xac lap ddc quyen [1,3,4].
Pham vi ap dyng cua SC dupe bao hd cho biet vai trd va kha nang Ung dung cija SC trong cae ITnh vUc ky thuat khac nhau.
Pham vi ap dung eua SC dupe bao hd dUdc phan anh bdi so IUdng chl so phan loai SC qudc te (IPC) dUdc ghi nhan trong van bang bao ho SC [4]. Mdi chi sd phan loai IPC (ehi tiet tdi Idp) dai dien eho mdt ITnh vue ky thuat cu the ma SC cd kha nang dupc ap dung. Vi vay, SC dUdc bao hd phu hdp vdi cang nhieu chT sd phan loai qudc te thi cang cd vai trd trong nhieu nganh cdng nghiep khac nhau.
MUc dp si!f dung SC trong nganh edng nghiep (hay mUc dp tham dyng SC) la mdt tieu ehi phan anh chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp dudi gdc dp cau ci!ia nganh cdng nghiep doi vdi SC. MUc dp sQ dyng SC cua mdi nganh cdng nghiep trong mdt giai doan nhat djnh dUdc do IUdng bang ty sd gJQa tong sd SC dUdc bao hd va tdng sd lao ddng viec lam trung binh trong nganh cdng nghiep tUdng Ung vdi ITnh vUc ky thuat eija SC trong giai doan dd [5, 6].
Mdt nganh cdng nghiep dUdc coi
la sQ dyng nhieu SC neu cd he so mUc dp si^f dyng SC cao hdn he sd trung binh trong tdng the tat ca cac nganh cdng nghiep trong nen kmh te qudc dan; trong dd SC cd he sd mUc dp sQ dyng trong nganh cdng nghiep cang cao (so vdi mCfc trung binh) thi cang the hien chat IUdng cija nd doi vdi ITnh vuc ky thuat tUdng Qng trong thUc tien.
Tudi ddi thuc te eua SC cho biet so nam duy tri hieu liic dpc quyen tren thUc te cua moi SC, tiem nang thUdng mai hda cua SC dd'i vdi thi trudng eung nhU gia trj cua nd doi vdi chu the nam giQ doe quyen [4, 7]. Thdng thudng, chl cd nhQng SC cd chat IQdng tdt, cd kha nang sinh ldi trong tUdng lai mdi xQng dang dUdc duy tri hieu luc. Vi vay, sd nam duy tri hieu luc ddc quyen SC ke tQ khi SC dUdc cap bang ddc quyen la mdt chi tieu danh gia chat IUdng SC trong mdt ITnh vUc ky thuat cu the [1,4].
Thdi gian xac lap ddc quyen SC cung la mdt chi tieu gian tiep phan anh chat IUdng SC dUde bao hd. Thdi gian xae lap ddc quyen SC dUdc tfnh tU thdi diem nop ddn den thdi diem van bang bao hp SC dUdc cap. NhQng SC cd thdi gian xac lap ddc quyen ngan dUdng nhU cho biet y nghTa cua nd ddi vdi thi trUdng, nhat la ky vpng sdm dUa SC vao ap dung trong nganh cdng nghiep va vdi thdi gian ap dyng dUdc keo dai hdn tfnh tU ngay nop ddn (hoac ngay uu tien) cua ddn dang kySC.
Chdt IUdng SC dUdc hao hp d Viet Nam td gdc nhm nganh cdng nghiep dddc pham
Nganh cdng nghiep dUdc pham d Viet Nam dUde coi la cd mUc dd tham dyng SC nhieu nhat so vdi cac nganh edng nghiep
I Di§n dan Klioa hoc va Cong nghe
che bien - che tao khac trong nen kinh te quoc dan [8], De thu thap mau khao sat ve SC cua ngufli Viet Nam thupc Imh vuc duoc pham (gom ca thuc pham chcjc nang va cac hoa chat diing trong y te), chiing toi tien hanh tra citu ca sd dO lieu IPPiatform do Vien Khoa hpc SHTT quan iy, tap trung vao cac SC thupc Idp A61 (imh vyc y te va thu y) va A23 (imh vuc thuc pham). Trong cac ldp nay, chl co nhOng SC cd chi so phan loai IPC chi tiet tdi phan Idp iien quan tdi dUdc pham/
thuoc, hda ch^t dung trong y te nham muc dfch chQa benh, thuc pham chifc nang mdi dUdc iUa chpn dua vao mau khao sat (gom cac phan Idp A61K, A61J, A61P va A23L). Ve thdi gian, chiing tdi chpn cac SC duoc cap bang dpc quyen cija ngudi Viet Nam trong giai doan 10 nam gan day, cu the ia tit ngay 1/1/2009 den 31/12/2018 iam m l u nghien cifu.
Ket qua thu duoc mau khao sat gom CO 49 SC (bang 1).
De danh gia chat iUdng SC di/oc bao ho cua mau khao sat qua chl tieu pham vi ap dung cua SC, Chung tdi tien hanh thong ke sd iUdng chi sc phan ioai IPC (chi tiet tdi phan nhdm) dddc ghi nhan tren moi ban ghi cua SC tuong ifng (bang 2).
Ket qua bang 2 cho thay, trong giai doan 2009-2018, pham vi ap dyng ciia SC dUdc bao hp ciia ngUdi Viet Nam thuoc imh vyc dyoc pham ia kha hep, trung binh chl cd kha nang ap dung trong 2 imh vyc ky thuat khac nhau, trong dd CO khoang 40% SC duoc bao hd ChT cd kha nang ap dyng trong mot ITnh vyc ky thuat duy nhat.
S6 iydng SC dypc bao hp cd kha nang ap dung trong 5 imh vyc ky thuat khac nhau kha thap (chiem chda den 10%). Dieu dd cung cho thay tiem nang kinh te ciia
Bang 1 . M l u khao sat SC ducfc bao h6 ciia ngu&i Viet N a m thuoc tinh vUc dUtfc pham ( 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 9 ) .
Phan loai IPC A61K A61J A61P A 2 3 L Tong so
So quan sat bang doc quyen SC 14 0 0 2 16
S 6 q u a n quyen gi 25 0 5 3 33
sat bang dpc al phap hQu fch
Tong sfi quan sat cCia m l u 39 0 5 5 49 Nguc g hdp Ci
Bang 2. Pham vi ap dung cua SC 6\fac bao ho cua ngu'di Viet N a m thuoc Imh vtfc duac pham ( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 8 ) .
~ ^ ~ ^ — ~ ^ _ _ _ _ So liTdng IPC Dang SC ~ " — — — _ _ _ _ ^ B i n g doc quyen SC
Bang doc quyen giai phap hQu ich
Thap nhat
1 (43,75%) 1 (39,40%)
Cao nhat
5 (6,25%) 5 (9,09%)
Trung binh 2 2,2 Nguon: phan tich cua lac gia.
Bang 3. Top 5 nganh cong nghiep suT dung nhieu SC du'cfc bao ho cua ngt/cfi Viet N a m ( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 3 ) .
Ma nganh cong nghiep Ten nganh cong nghiep (VSIC 2007) (VSIC 2007)
H e s d m i i c d g s i r dung SC
2821 2822
Cong nghiep che bien, che tao San xuat may nong nghiep va lam nghiep San xuat may cong cu va may tao hinh kim loai San xuat thiet bj, dung cu y te, nha khoa, chinh hinh va phuc hoi chu'c nSng
San xuat thiet bi do luong, kiem tra, dinh hudng va dieu khien; san xuat dong ho S^n xuat thuoc, hoa dUOc va dUdc lieu
7,475 3,610
Nguc c gia (20161.
cac SC neu tren la kha thap neu xet ve khfa canh thUdng mai hoa.
De danh gia chat IUdng SC di/cfc bao hp qua chl tieu miJc do SLf dung SC trong cac nganh cong nghiep, chLing toi da tien hanh phan loai SC theo cac nganh cong nghiep trong nen kinh te quoc dan, thong ke so IUdng ddn dang ky SC va xac dinh so IUdng lao dong dUdo si> dtjng trong m6i nganh cong nghiep [8]. Ket qua dinh IUdng cho biet, trong giai doan 2009-2013, he so mUc dp stf dung SC dupc bao hp cua ngUdi Viet Nam trung binh la 0,06; co
29 nganh cong nghiep sir dung nhieu SC dUdc bad ho cua ngucfl Viet Nam {co he so mdc dp sQ dtjng cao hdn trung binh).
Ket qua thong ke tai bang 3 cho thay, mac diJ ITnh vt/c dupc pham CO so lupng ddn dang ky SC nliieu nhat tai Viet Nam [9], nhUng khong phai la ITnh vuc sCf diJng nhieu SC ve dUdc pham dUdc bao ho cua ngudi Viet Nam nhat; thay vao do la nganh cong nghiep san xuat may nong nghiep va lam nghiep (ma nganh: 2821).
NgUdc lai, nganh cong nghiep dUdc pham chu yeu sCf dung SC
mt
HOC (ipt \ a mDien dan Khoa hgc va Cong nghe I
Bang 4. Tuoi d&i thUc t^'cua SC dUdc bao hfi cua ngu'&i Viet N a m thuoc I m h VLTC diloc
pham ( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 8 ) . . . .
Tudi dfli T h a p nhat (thang)
Cao nhSt (thang)
Trung binh (thang)
Bang doc quyen SC BSng dpc quyen g&\ phap hUu ich
62,17 68,23
Bang 5. Thfii gian xac lap dfic quyen SC dUdc bao ho ciia ngL/5i Viet N a m thuoc I m h vufc du'Oc pham ( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 8 ) .
B&ng doc quyen SC
Bang d5c quyen giai phap hCfu I'ch 5 Ngu6n. phan lich cua lac gia.
cua ngUdi nude ngoai (vdi he so mUc do SLf dyng la 70,992, cao hdn gap 44,2 lan). Dieu do khong chl cho thay chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp cua ngudi Viet Nam trong ITnh vUc nay con kha han che so vdi nude ngoai ma con phan anh StJ le thuoc cija nganh cong nghiep dUdc pham trong nude vao cong nghe cua nude ngoai.
De phan tieh tuoi ddi thuc te eua SC, ehung toi tien hanh loe nhUng SC co ngay tdi han (ngay chu sd hOu SC can nop le phi duy tri hieu (uc cho nam tiep theo) trudc thang 6/2019 (vdi gia dinh CO SC se het hieu lue vao ngay 31/12/2018 va le phi duy tri hieu ItJc can phai dUde nop muon nhat la vao ngay 30/6/2019 theo quy djnh'). Tuoi ddi cua SC dUdc tfnh theo so thang, ke Xd thang co ngay ndp ddn den thang co ngay tdi han, bang edng cu Excel 2007 vdi ham datedif(start_month;
"NhOng SC co ngay tcfi han sau thang 6/2019 se diidc loai l<hoi m a u . Dong thdi, nhOng SC dddc cap bang doc quyen tiJ thang 6/2018 (se CO hieu lUc it nhat d e n 6/2019) c u n g se dddc loai khoi mau vi khong xac dmh di/oc chu s6 hOu S C se tiep tuc duy tri hieu ldc bang ddc quyen SC cho bao nhieu nam tiep theo va tuoi d6i cCia SC ti'nh til ngay nop dOn dang ky SC
end_month; "m"). Ket qua dUdc the hien d b&ng 4.
C6 the thay rang trong giai doan 2009-2018, vdi mau da khao sat, cd khoang 47% SC dUdc bao hp cua ngudi Viet Nam cd tuoi ddi thtJc te tuong doi ngan {trung binh doi vdi SC dupc cap bang doe quyen SC chi khoang 5 nam so vdi thdi ban bao ho 20 nam tfnh tU ngay nop ddn; doi vdi SC dUdc cap bang doc quyen giai phap hOu feh chi khoang 5,5 nam so vdi thdi han bao hp 10 nam tfnh tu ngay nop don). Nhu vay, cd the nhan xet rang dudng nhU kha nang ap dung hay tiem nang kinh te cua nhUng SC neu tren la kha thap, nhat la doi vdi cac SC dUdc cap bang ddc quyen SC von dUdc coi la cd chat lUdng cao hdn nhij'ng SC dUde eap bang doc quyen giai phap hOu i'ch. Xet ve khfa canh thUdng mai hoa, nhOng SC neu tren khong mang lai ldi fch kinh te hay cd y nghTa doi vdi nganh cdng nghiep, co chat IUdng khdng cao nen khdng dUdc chu sd hUu tiep tuc duy tri hieu IUc.
Thdi gian xac lap dpc quyen SC cijng la mot chi tieu phan anh gian tiep chat ludng SC dUdc bao hp. De danh gia chi tieu nay, vdi
mlu khao sat neu tren, chtjng toi phan tfch thdi gian xae lap dpc quyen SC cua ngUdi Viet Nam trong ITnh vuc dUde pham trong giai doan 2009-2018 bang each xac dinh khoang thdi gian (tfnh theo thang) tinh Xd ngay nop ddn dang ky bao hp SC (gom cd ddn yeu cau cap bang dpc quyen SC va ddn yeu cau cap bang dpc quyen giai phap hUu feh) den ngay cap van bang bao hp, vdi sU trd giUp cua edng cu Excel 2007.
Ket qua dUdc the hien 6 bang 5.
Ket qua bang 5 cho thay, trong giai doan 2009-2018, thdi gian xae lap dpc quyen SC trung binh tUdng ddi ngan, cu the la ddi vdi SC dUdc cap bang dpc quyen SC la khoang 31 thang, SC dUde cap bang dpc quyen giai phap hUu fch la khoang 37 thang (so vdi ft nhat 37 thang ke tU ngay nop ddn den ngay cap van bang bao hp theo quy djnh). Mac du so vdi mpt so ed quan SHTT Idn, thdi han neu tren cdn kha dai nhUng trong dieu kien eon khd khan ve ha tang va nhan IUc, chat IUdng SC dUdc bao hp trong ITnh vUc dUdc pham la kha cao neu xet ve tieu chf thdi gian xac lap doe quyen.
Mdt sd khuyen nghi
Qua nhUng phan tfch neu tren cd the nhan xet rang, nhin ehung chat IUdng SC dUde bao ho cua ngudi Viet Nam cdn kha han che neu xet tU gde dp thUdng mai hda thong qua cac ehi tieu nhu pham vi ap dtjng, mUc dd sU dung trong nganh cdng nghiep, tuoi ddi thue te. Cd the thay sU thfch Ung giUa qua trinh tao ra SC va doi hdi cua thi trudng, nganh cdng nghiep hien dang la van de can khac phue, nhat la trong boi canh Chien lupc SHTT den nam 2030 chtJ trpng nhieu tdi viec nang cao chat IUdng cua he thong SHTT, dac biet la ehat IUdng cua tai san trf tue, trong dd cd SC dUdc bao
I Dien dan Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
hp. TCr thuc tien dUdc phan tfch, Chung tdi eho rang de nang cao hdn nOa chat lUdng SC dUdc bad hp, can thuc hien mot so giai phap nhu sau:
Trudc het, can thiJc day ddng liic va nang eao chat lUdng hoat dpng SC, dac biet ehu trpng tdi idi feh xa hoi cua SC trong hoat dpng nay. Nhieu nghien cUu da chl ra rang, loi ich xa hdi cija SC la nhan to thuc day manh me ddng luc sang tao cua nha SC. Neu viec giai quyet van de ky thuat bang SC gan vdi Ipi feh thiet thiie ma SC mang lai eho doi tupng thu hudng trong xa hoi thi nha SG se n6 luc tim kiem giai phap ky thuat khdng chi mdi ma cdn hOu fch cho edng ddng. Vi the, ngoai viec eoi trpng giao due nang Itic sang tao, can ed ehinh sach cai tien trong giao due va dao tao, dac biet la ddi vdi eac nganh ky thuat va khoa hpc tu nhien, nham hinh thanh nhan each ludn biet quan tam tdi ldi feh edng ddng khi can giai quyet nhij'ng van de ky thuat, Hoat dpng thuc hanh trong ChUdng trinh dao tao can chij trpng va danh dung IUdng thfch dang cho sU trai nghiem xa hdi de qua dd tim tdi, phat hien nhUng van de ky thuat dang ton tai va lay viec tim ra giai phap ky thuat cho nhUng van de dd mot each tht/c sU hOu ich, mang lai !pi fch cho cdng dong la mdt mue tieu quan trpng cua thuc hanh.
Hai ia, can tang cUdng sti lien k^t giffa hoat ddng SC va ddi hdi cua thj trudng. IVlpt so nghien cUu da chl ra rang, mUe dp sif dtjng cac SC cua ngUdi Viet Nam trong eae nganh cdng nghiep cdn kha thap, trong dd dae biet la hoat ddng SC cdn chUa thtic sii gan ket chat che vdi thuc tidn hoat dpng cua eac nganh cong jighiep, viec tao dung va phat trien giai phap ky thuat chUa hoan toan true tiep
nham phuc vu ldi fch kinh te tU viec thuong mai hoa SC. Dieu dd lam han che kha nang SC dupc pho bien, sD dyng rpng rai trong nganh cdng nghiep thdng qua hoat dpng thUdng mai hda, chuyen giao edng nghe. VI vay, de gdp phan khac phtjc sii thieu hiJt tfnh tUdng tae giUa nha SC va doanh nghiep, giOa doanh nghiep va hoat dpng SC, can ed cd che khuyen khfch doanh nghiep ap dung SC va dau tu cho hoat ddng SC (nhieu nude tren the gidi dang ap dtjng cdng cy uu dai thue de thuc hien cd che nay), cung nhu dieu chinh ludng dau tU cho hoat dpng SC theo hudng doanh nghiep dat hang cac vien nghien cUu, trUdng dai hpc de tao ra SC dap Ung nhu eau eua thj trudng.
Ba la, can thiet lap cd che kiem soat chat lUdng SC dUdc bao hp. Xet tU gdc dp thUdng mai hda, ehat IUdng SC dUde bao hp trudc het phy thudc vao chat IUdng eua qua trinh tra cUu va tham dmh npi dung doi vdi SC dupc neu trong ddn dang ky, nhat la chat IUdng eua thdng tin ve tinh trang ky thuat da biet cua SC va nang lUe cua tham djnh vien SC.
Mdt trong nhUng yeu cau cot loi cija qua trinh xac lap dpc quyen SC nham bao dam chat lupng SC dUde bao hd la pham vi bao hp SC phai dupc xae dinh mpt each ro rang, thda dang va minh bach.
Vi vay, ngoai viec can tap trung dau tu ehd ket cau ha tang eua he thong thdngtin SC, cdng khai hda toan bd dien bien/lich sif xac lap quyen va tinh trang ky thuat dupc SLf dung trong gua trinh xac lap quyen, can khan trUdng thiet lap va van hanh ed che kiem soat chat lUdng SC trong toan bp qua trmh xac lap quyen, bao gom nhUng hoat ddng va ky thuat cd tfnh tac nghiep, cung nhu cd che kiem tra va dam bao chat IUdng SC dUde bao ho mot each
h§ thong. Quan ly chat lUpng SC toan dien se khdng chi nang cao chat IUdng cija cac SC rieng le ma cdn eai thien kha nang dat muc tieu cua he thdng SHTT .^
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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