Hoat dong Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
GIAI PHAP CHO RAO LAM
D O N G V D O T Q O ARAO CAN THOONG MAI
NGUYIN T H I DO QUYEN Chi cue Tieu chuan Do lu'dng Chat lu'gng tinh Lam Dong
Tinh hinh san xuat rau cua tinh Lam Dong
Dien tich canh tdc vd sdn luang binh qudn hdng ndm
Do cd nhieu dieu kien thuan Igi ve khi hdu, thdi tiet, ddt dai,... tinh Ldm Ddng dugc coi Id viing sdn xudt chinh cae loai rau dn ddi cua cd nudc. Tdng dien tich ddt ddnh eho sdn xudt ndng nghiep khoang 200.000 ha, dien tieh thdm canh rau cdc loai khodng 50.000 ha, sdn lugng trung binh hang ndm dat ban 1,2 trieu tdn. Trong nhiing ndm gdn day, viec dp dyng khoa hge vd cdng nghe, ddc biet Id edng nghe sinh hge da gdp phdn thiic day su tdng trudng ve kinh te ehung cua tinh.
Rau cua Ldm Ddng dugc ddnh gid Id cd chdt lupng cao nhung thj trudng tieu thy chu yeu lai Id trong nude, xudt khdu chi khodng 10%) tdng sdn lugng san xudt cua cd tinh. Thj trudng xudt khdu chinh tap trung d cdc nudc chdu A (Trung Qudc, Nhdt Bdn, Dai Loan, Hdn Qudc, Hdng Kdng, Campuchia vd Ldo).
Vdi cdc thj trudng khd tinh nhu chdu Au, Ldm Ddng hien nay dang budc ddu tiep can.
Nhimg thuan lgi trong viec sdn xudt rau a Ldm Dong
- Khi hau vd thd nhudng thich hgp cho sdn xuat cdc Ioai rau dn ddi chat lugng cao quanh nam;
- Sdn lugng rau cua tinh Ldm Ddng cao hon so vdi cdc nudc trong khu vuc;
- Trdng rau Id nghi truyen thdng cua dja phuang, ngudi ndng ddn cd nhieu kinh nghiem vd bilt irng dyng khoa hgc vd cdng nghe vdo sdn xudt.
Nhung khd khdn trong sdn xudt rau a Ldm Dong
Mac dii sdn lugng trung binh hang nam
cao, nhung gid tri kinh te md cdy rau cua Ldm Ddng mang lai cho ngudi ddn Id tuong ddi thdp do lugng rau xudt khdu nhd, trong khi dd thi trudng tieu thy trong nudc ludn tiem dn nhirng bat dn nhu kieu "dugc mua thi mdt gid, dugc gia thi mdt mua".
Mdt trong nhung nguyen nhdn Idm cho sdn lugng xudt khdu rau cua Ldm Ddng khdng eao Id do chua ddp img duge vdi yeu edu eua thj trudng tieu thy, dudi ddy Id mdt sd nguyen nhan chinh:
(1) Chdt lupng sdn phdm khdng dn djnh:
Do ndng dan ehua chu ddng dugc ngudn cdy gidng sach benh trong khi phuang thiic canh tdc chu yeu dua vdo kinh nghiem, hgc hdi Ian nhau Id chinh; sdn phdm rau chua dugc dp dyng cdc tieu chudn trong kiem djnh nen chdt lupng thieu dn dinh, khdng ddp img dugc yeu cdu cua nhd nhdp khdu.
(2) Vdn de thuang hieu: Rau cua Ldm Ddng dang trong giai doan ddu cua qud trinh xdy dyng vd khdng dinh thuang hieu tren thj trudng, nen chua tao dugc sy tin tudng, nhdt Id ddi vdi cdc thi trudng nudc ngodi khd tinh.
(3) Ld vung chuyen canh rau, viec iing dyng khoa hgc vd ky thudt vdo sdn xudt dd dugc quan tdm, ddu tu. Tuy nhien, dien tich sdn xudt ndng nghiep theo cdng nghe cao chua tuong ximg vdi tiem ndng san cd, vi the, sdn lugng rau sach dugc sdn xudt chua ddp img ddy du nhu cdu cua thi trudng.
Vdi nhirng khd khan tren thi viec ndng cao nang sudt chdt lugng, thuang hieu eua rau Ldm Ddng Id mdt qud trinh thuc sy khd khdn vd Idu ddi, ddi hdi phdi cd su gdp sire cua nhieu co quan, td chirc, doanh nghiep vd ngudi sdn xudt de ddp img yeu edu ngdy cang khdt khe ve chdt lupng vd chi tieu an todn ciia thj trudng nhdp khdu.
Hoat dong Khoa hoc va Cong nghe
Hang rao ky thuat doi vol san pham rau xuat khau
Viet Nam da Id thanh vien cua td chiic Thuong mai the gidi, hang hda xudt khdu cua Viet Nam mudn vdo dugc cdc thi trudng qudc te, bdt budc phai qua hdng rao ky thuat trong thuang mai cua cac nudc nay vd rau cua Lam Ddng ciing khdng phdi Id ngoai le. Day chinh la mdt rao cdn ldn nhdt ddi vdi sdn pham rau cua tinh ta.
Ciing vdi su phdt trien cua xa hgi, nhu cau cugc sdng cua ngudi dan ciing tang len vd yeu cau ddi vdi chat lugng, ve sinh an toan thue pham ngay cang khdt khe ban. Ngudi tieu dung ngdy cdng ky tinh ban trong viec lua chgn thuc phdm, chinh vi the, chat lugng rau eua Ldm Ddng Id mgt yeu td quyet dinh den viee nhdp khdu vdo cac thi trudng the gidi. Vd cdc chi tieu chdt lugng dugc dp dung ddi vdi rau ngdy cdng nhieu la dieu de hieu.
Vi dy nhu:
Miic du lupng cua mdt sd thudc bdo ve thuc vdt tdi da ma WHO/FAO cho phep tir 0.1 den 10 mg/kg rau tuai.
Hdm lupng Nitrate (NO3) cho cac loai rau cu tuai, miic tdi da eho phep tir 60 den 600 mg/kg, rieng vdi xd lach va cdi cu, ham lugng NOj tdi da cho phep tii 1.400 den 2.000 mg/kg.
Ddi vdi hdm lugng kim loai ndng vd ddc td trong sdn phdm rau tuoi theo FAO/WHO, miic tdi da cho phep tir 0.005 den 200 mg/kg.
Ddi vdi ham lupng mdt sd vi sinh vat trong rau tuai cho phep tdi da;
Salmonella: 0/25 g E. Coli: 100/g Cohform: 1000/g
Ngodi ra, tai mgt sd thi trudng nhap khau cdn ddi hdi san pham rau dugc cung cap phai cd chung nhan ve chat lugng, vi vay cac doanh nghiep can dau tu nang cao trinh do sdn xudt, chuyen ddi phuong thiic trdng rau, quan Iy chat lugng rau tii khau chgn gidng den thu hoach; dp dung cdng nghe cao, cdc
he thdng quan ly nhu VietGAP, GlobalGAP, ISO 9000, ISO 22000,... vao qua trinh san xuat. Thuc hien dugc nhiing muc tieu tren se giiip cho san pham rau cua Lam Ddng nang cao uy tin, khang dinh thuong hieu, nang cao vi the canh tranh va vugt qua rao cdn ky thuat trong thuong mai de sdn pham rau ciia Lam Ddng cd the den dugc vai cac thi trudng khd tinh tren the gidi vdi sd lugng ldn, mang lai lgi nhuan cao hon cho ngudi trdng rau d Lam Ddng.
Giai phap giup doanh nghiep trdng rau vuot qua rao can thuong mai
Doi vdi doanh nghiep vd ho nong ddn - Xay dung va dp dung he thdng quan ly tien tien, kiem soat ngudn nguyen lieu chat che trong qua trinh san xuat.
- Ap dung tieu chuan cua cac ddi tdc nudc ngodi, tieu chudn cua thi trudng xudt khdu trong boat dgng kiem dinh chat lugng san pham.
- Thay ddi cac gidng rau kem chat lupng bang nhiing gidng cho nang sudt, chat lupng cao vd dugc ua chugng d nhieu thi trudng khd tinh.
- Hoach dinh rd chien luge, nam bat cdc CO hgi, thdch thiic, nhiing eg che chinh sach de dua ra thi trudng nhiing sdn phdm rau dat chdt lugng.
- Tich cue tiep can khoa hgc ky thuat vd dau tu xdy dung ndng trai san xudt theo cdng nghe cao.
Doi v&i cdc ca quan chuc ndng cd lien quan
- Quy hoach viing nguyen lieu chuyen canh rau sach chat lugng cao; xay dung ke hoach san xuat rau dap iing yeu cdu cua thi trudng;
xay dung thuang hieu cho san pham rau cua Lam Ddng.
- Ban hanh ca che, chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu sdn xudt va che bien rau; pho bien rgng rai de doanh nghiep va ngudi trdng rau nam rd.
(Xem tiep trang 6)
td chiic minh dang thuc hien de trien khai, ap dung vd nghien ciiu xay dung quy trinh xir ly cdng viec ddi vdi cac thu tyc hanh chinh khdc.
Trong phan ndy quy dinh 2 tai lieu chinh (1) Hudng dan trinh bdy quy trinh xir ly cdng viec vdi muc dich hudng ddn cho co quan hanh chinh nhd nudc biet dugc nhirng yeu cdu ve he thdng tai lieu md tieu chudn yeu cau;
each viet mdt quy trinh xir ly cdng viee vd mdt sd luu y cho cdc cdn bd khi trien khai viet quy trinh. Trong do, hinh thiic xdy dung mdt quy trinh xir ly cdng viec dugc nhan manh de ddm bag su van dyng each thirc xdy dung hgp ly, phii hgp (2) Mdu quy trinh xir ly cdng viec cu the chg timg loai hinh co quan hdnh chinh nhd nudc. Ddi vdi mdi mdt loai hinh eg quan hanh chinh nhd nudc tai dia phuong (50 loai hinh), md hinh khung lua chgn mot thu tyc hdnh chinh de xdy dyng mdu 1 quy trinh xir ly edng viec ddi vdi thu tyc hdnh chinh dd vdi myc dich ddm bdo eac co quan hanh chinh nhd nude dia phuong cd nhirng tai lieu ey the ve cdch thirc xu ly cdng viec tai eg quan hdnh
chinh nha nudc. Nhu vay, iing vdi mdi loai hinh eg quan hanh chinh nha nuac tai cac dia phuang khdc nhau deu cd the nghien ciiu va thuc hien.
Vdi kit cdu 3 phan nhu tren, mac dii md hinh khung da quy dinh ca ban mgt sd tdi lieu, pham vi va quy trinh xir ly cdng viec cho cac eg quan hdnh chinh nha nudc, tuy nhien viec dam bao toan bg yeu cau thich hgp cua TCVN ISO 9001 dugc dp dung ddy du vdo boat ddng cua eg quan hanh chinh nhd nudc la trdch nhiem cua tiimg eg quan.
Tai tinh Lam Ddng, qua 4 nam xay dung kl hoach trien khai thuc hien, den nay dd c6 39 eg quan, don vi chuyen mdn true thupc tinh, huyen, thanh phd da xdy dung, dp dyng he thdng QLCL theo tieu chudn TCVN ISO 9001:2000 hoac TCVN ISO 9001:2008. Viec dp dyng he thdng QLCL nay trong cac ca quan hdnh chinh la nhiing cdng cu hd trg ddc Iuc cho myc tieu cai each hdnh chinh cua tinh Lam Ddng ndi rieng, cd nudc ndi chung.
(Chi tiet Mo hinh khung 6wac dang tai day du tren Website: http://www.tcvn.gov.vn).M
GIAI PHAP CHO RAU LAM D O N G VINH QUA RAO CAN THUONG MAI
- Hd trg ky thudt vd khuyen khich hd trg hd ndng ddn, doanh nghiep dp dung quy trinh qudn ly chdt lugng, nhdm ddm bdo cd ngudn rau sach theo tieu chudn, cung cap eho thi trudng cua cdc nudc nhdp khdu.
- Tang cudng cdng tde nghien cim cae gidng rau sach benh, nang sudt cao; cdc loai thude bdo ve thuc vat cd khd nang phdng trir sdu benh tdt.
- Thudng xuyen td chiic cdc budi hgi thdo, ldp tap huan cho ndng dan ve nhirng ky thuat canh tdc, dp dyng khoa hgc ky thuat vao qua trinh trdng; ddng thdi kiem soat chat che quy trinh sdn xuat rau.
- Tap trung nghien ciiu gidng rau thi manh eua Ldm Ddng, tir dd day manh boat dgng san xuat nhung gidng chu lue, phdn bd vung
(Tiep theo trang 20) trdng rau hgp ly, khuyen khieh vd hd ti-g ndng dan dua may mdc, thiet hi tien tien vao sdn xuat.
- Tao dieu kien eho cac can bg ky thudt dugc tiep can nhiing tien bg khoa hpc ky thudt cua cdc nudc tien tien.
- Md rgng hgp tac vdi eac td chirc nudc ngoai de hudng den mgt nen ndng nghiep san xuat rau ben viing tai Lam Ddng.
- Lap hang rao ky thuat cho nhimg ndng san nhap khau vao Viet Nam, giup dn dinh gia cd rau trong nudc, giup ba con ndng dan yen tdm ve dau ra cho sdn pham rau cua minh, tir do ngay cang chu trgng den chat lugng sdn pham minh tao ra.
- Tim dau ra dn dinh cho san pham rau cua Lam Ddng.B
