7 1 1 i tich nho hgc. theo quan niem ctia I T J chiing tdi can phai dugc coi la mot C_ bp phan quan trgng ciia he thdng d i , tich lich su \ an hda cua dan tpc. Nhat la klii chiing ta cd sir ddi mai nhan thue \ e nlio giao/nho hgc thi ben canli nliirng mat lac hau, tieu cue itiio hgc cdn nhieu yeu td tieh cue, cd the khai thac cho xa hpi hien nay.
Trai qua thdi gian tdn tai lau dai, do nliieu nguyen nhan khac nliau ca khach quan va chii quan. nhieu di tich nlio hgc a Ha Nam da hoan loan mat tich hoac chi con lai phe tich, di \'at song nhirng gi hien edn ciing rat dang quy nlu dugc kip thoi bao ton \'a phat huy gia tri.
I. Thu'c trang cac di tich nho hoc c Ha Nam
De dinh hudfng cho cdng tac bao tdn. tdn tao \ a phat huy gia tri. tam phan chia cac di ticii nho hgc a Hii Nam thiinh cac loai;
I. Di tich tho Khong Tii' va Tii' phoi cua Nho giao/N'ho hoc
d Ha Nam hien nav con 5 di licli diroc
^8
bao luu kha tdt ve kien true, dd tha, canh quan. Dd la: Van chi Ddng Lac (xa Ddng Hda. huyen Kim Bang), Van tir VTnh Tru (thi Iran Vinh Tru. huyen Ly Nhan), Van chi thdn Ddng Yen (xa Chan Ly, huyen Ly Nhan). Van chi thdn Bach Xa (xa Hoang Ddng. huyen Duy Tien) va Van ehi thdn Vii Bi (xa Vu Ban. huyen Binh Luc).
2. Di tich phoi tho' cac vj tien hien cua Nho giao/Nho hoc
Mpt sd dia phuang da dat ngai, bai y'l Khdng Tu \'a Tir phdi thdf ehung voi cac vi Thanh hoang ciia lang. xa. Cd 3 ngdi dinh thd phung kieu nay: Dinh Sieu Nghe (xa Nhat Tuu, huyen Kim Bang), dinh Chuang Luang (xa Bac Ly, huyen Ly Nhan), dinh Vii Xa (xa Yen Bac. huyen Duy Tien).
3. Bia van tir, > an chi
Bia ky lii chirng tich quan trgng cua di tich nho hgc da mpt thdfi ton tai, cung cap thdng tin ve nhieu mat. Qua dieu tra ehung tdi phat hien dugc 15 bia van tir. van chi: 6 bia van tu hu}en Du}' Tien., bia van tir tdng
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE HA NAM
>C XA HOI VA NHAN VAN
Lam Ciiu (I)u} lien), bia xiin lir tdng Thuy Ldi (Kim Bang), bia Min lir xii Doan VT (Thanh Liem). bia van tir thdn Tudng I im (xa Triic Viin. huyen Du}' Tien), bia xfm chi thdn Phil Dam (xa Phu Van. ihinili phd Phu Ly). bia vim ehi thdn Luang Cd (xa Lam Ha.
thiinh phd Phu Ly). bia xiin chi thdn Lai Xa (xa Phil Vein, ihiinli pho Fhu Ly)...
4. Di tich thd' eac vj Tien sy nho hoc Trong ncMi khoa cu nho hge duoi che dp phong kien. khdng ke huong cdng (cu nhiin).
tinh Ha Nam cd tren 60 \i dat hoc vi lien sy da xac dinh duge tieu su vii danh tinh rd rimg, trong dd cd nhieu vi dugc nhiin dim thd phung. Ngoai ra. cdn nhiiiu vi ehung tdi tam ggi la lien sy dim gian dugc thd lai dinh linn Thiinh boimg cd thiin lich, nhung khdng ihay ghi chep trong sir cu hay eiie cudn •"Diing khoa luc"" Clin xiic minh them. Tien sy nho hgc dugc thd phung da sd hi ciic vi ngudi Ha Nam, nhung eung ed mpt sd vi ngudi noi khiic \'i cd cdng lao hay cd mpt ly do mio dd gim bd vdi king xa.
* Cde di lich ihd Tien sy Nho hoc dd .viic minh dupe rd rdng danh linh vd lieu sir
- Ihneii Binh Luc: Dinh Thanh NghTa (xii Don Xii). dinh Ddng Du Trung (xii Ddng Du). dinh Vein Phii (xii My Thg). dinh Vi Ha. Tir dudng Nguyen Khu}cMi thdn Vi Ha (xii Trung Luong), den Nghe (thdn An Lao, xii An Liio), dcMi thdf Trang nguyen Tnin Viin Bao (xii An Dd). dinh Trieu 1 Ipi (xii Bd De), - Huyen Du}' Tien: dinh Klui Du}' (xii Mpc Biic). dinh Le Xii (xii Chiiu San), dinh Diep Son (xa Yen Nam), dinh Pliii Thir (xii Tien Hiep). den thd Trinh Tluuin Du (xii Dui San).
- HuycMi Thanh Liem: dinh Cha\ (xa Liem Thuan). din ihir rrucnig Cdng Giai (xa
Thanh liim).
- Thimli pho Phu l.y: dinh riiiiih CI.an Thugng (xii Chiiii Son). Tir duiuig Sony Nhimi chi .At hg \ i i l.ac Tning (phuoi.g
(^uang Trung). den thd Bach Ddng On (phudng (iuang Trung). den thd Biii Van Di (phuong Hai Bii Trung).
Nhu vii}' hien nay a Hii Nam ed 20 di tieh thd lieii sy nlio hge da duge xiic dinli qua su sach hay lai lieu Dang khoa Inc.
Nlur tren dii neu. hien tugng thii cac \i tam ggi la 1 ien sy dan gian lii nipt viin de ly thii Clin dugc nghien ciru, ly giiii, xac iniiili. 0 Hii Nam. budc dim chirng tdi dieu tra dugc
13 di lich loai nil}'. Huyen Binh Luc cd 5 di tich: dinh kiii Kenh (xa Dinh Xa), dinh Yen E)d (xii An Dd), dinh My Ddi (xa An My), dinh Gdi Ha (xa An Npi). dinh Qng Ciin (xa La S(m). Iknen Duy Tien 2 di tich: dinh Ngd Xa (xii Tien Npi). dinh Vii Xa (xii Yen Bac). Hu}'en Kim Bimg 2 di tich: dinh An Ddng (xii Le Hd). dinh Phuong Linn (xii Ddng Hda). liu}'en Ly Nhan 2 di tich: dinh Mac Ha (xii Cdng Ly). dinh VTnh Pru (thi iriin ''Inh Iru). Huyen i hanh Liciii 2 di tich:
dmh lidny Ciiu. mien Thugng (xii Liem Tile).
5. ( ac \'i tien .sy que Hii Nam du'oe khiic ten tren bia de danh tien sy () Van Mieu - Quoc l i i (liain - Ihi Npi.
Di tich niio ligc 1 hi Nam cdn cim phai ke den cac \ i dugc khiic tren bia de danh tien sy. Pii_\ iiliiCm cd nhiei' .uoa ihi khdng dirng bia. ,'i \ iiy cimg gidng nlur nhieu dia phucTiig khiic, nhieu tien sy a Hii Nam khdng cd ICMI
tren bia tien sy. Phong ke qua 82 bia lien sy o Van Mieu - Qude Tir Giiim - Hii Npi cd 1 8
\ i lieu s} que Pla Nam dugc ghi danh.
- Pham I Id. dd De lam giiip lien sy, xuat ihiln klioa Q)uy Miii. nien hieu Quang Thuan 4 (1463) (bia sd 3).
- Biii Viet Luang, dd De nhi giiip lien sy.
xuiit than khoa Binh Thin, nien hieu Quang Thuiin 7(1466) (biasd4).
- NLMSCMI Kien Hy, dd De lain giiip ddng lien s\. xuat than khoa Binh Phin. nien hieu Hon- Diic 27 (1496) ( b i a s ! 9).
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE HA NAM
N H A N V A N - Hoang Mdng, dd De tam giap ddng lien
sy. xuat than klioa Mau Thin, nien hieu Thai Hda 6 (1498) (bia sd 2).
- Le Dinh Tudfng, do De tam giap ddng lien sy. xuat than klioa Nham Tuat, nien hieu Canli Thdng 5 (1502) (bia sd 10).
- Tran Bich Hoanh, do De tam giap ddng lien sy. xuat than, nien hieu Hdng Thuan 3 (1511)(biasd 11).
- Ta Dinli Huy. dd De tam giap ddng lien sy. xuat than ciing khoa vai Tran Bich Hoiinli (1511) (bia sd 11).
- Nguyen Mao. dd De tam giap ddng lien sy, xuat than cimg khoa vai Tran Bich Hoanh va Ta Dinli Huy (1511) (bia sd 11).
- An Khi Sir, do De tam giap ddng lien sy, xuat than khoa Ky Sim. nien hieu Minli Due 3 (1529) (bia sd 14).
- Phan Te. do De tam giap. ddng lien sy.
xuat than ciing klioa vai An Klii Sir (bia sd - Vii Hoan. do De iilii giap che khoa. xuiit than khoa Giap Diin. nien hieu Thuiin Binh 6 (1554) (bia sd 15).
- Pham Viet Tiian, dd De tam giap ddng lien sy. xuat than khoa Canh Tuat. nien hieu CanhTri8(1670)(biasd45).
- Trucmg Cdng Giai. dd De tam giap ddng lien sy. xuat than klioa At Suu. nien hieu Chinli Hoa 6 (1685) (bia sd 50).
- Trirong Minli Lugng. dd De tam giap ddng lien sy xuat than, nien hieu Chinli Hoa 21(1700) (bia sd 55).
- Ngu}'en Qude Hieu, dd De nhat giiip lien sy cap de. de tam daiili. nien hieu VTnh Huu 2 (1736) (bia sd 67).
- Ngu}'en Tdng Mai. dd De tam giap ddng tien sy. xuat than ciing klioa \6'i Ngu}'en Qude Hieu (1736) (bia sd 67).
- Ngu}'en Ky. dd De tam giap ddng lien sy.
xuat than klioa Mau Thin, nien hieu Caiili Hung 9 (1748) (bia sd 71).
Ly Trail Than, dd De tam giap ddng lien sv. xuat than khoa K\ Suu. nien hieu Canh
30
Hung 30 (1769) (bia sd 78).
II. Cong tac tu bo ton tao di tich nho hoc
Trong dieu kien kinh te cua tinli Ha Nam cdn gap nliieu klid khan nen edng tac bao tdn tdn tao di tich lich sir van boa ndi ehung, di tich nlio hgc ndi rieng khdng may thuan lgi. Tu} nhien Bao tang tinh Ha Nam da cd.
nhung giai phap. buac di thich hgp theo mpt Ip trinli hgp ly. Dd la:
- Kiem ke. nhan dien. danli gia gia tri ciia eac di tich nho hge tren cac mat lich sir, van hoa. nghe thuat...
- Tu lieu boa di tich nlio hgc: khao ta, chiip anil... xa}' dung nliu'ng bp hd so di tich trgng diem.
- Xep hang, di tich (cap qude gia, cap tinh) tao ea sa phap ly de bao ve, keu ggi dau tu bao tdn tdn tao, da ed 25 di tieh dugc xep hang.
- Sii dung nliieu ngudn vdn cho viec bao tdn, ton tao di tich, dac biet la nliung di tich lieu bieu. Cho den nay, mpt sd di tich da dugc dau tu tu bd va didng xudng cap thupc chuong trinli muc tieu qude gia bang ngan sach nlia nuac, chu }'eu la di tich thdf lien sy nho hgc nliu: Tir duo'ng Nguyen Khuyen.
dinli Chay, dinh Ddng Cau, dinli Le Xa, dinli Phuong Lam, dinli Mac Ha, dinh Ddng Du, Trung, dinh Tai Kenh, dinh Vi Ha, dinh My Ddi, dinh Van Phu. Cac di tieh cdn lai deu huy dpng duge ngudn vdn xa hpi hoa, ca ban da ngiin chan dugc tinli trang xudng cap ciia di tich.
Trong cdng tac tu bd, tdn tao, Bao tang linli Hit Nam da tang cud'ng huang dan cac dia phuang cd gang giu gin tdi da cae yeu td ngu}'en gdc, het sire ban che thay the moi cac eau kien ma biing cac giiii phap ky thuat ndi. \'a. chap de giir lai cac cau kien cu cdn su dung dugc. Cac yeu td gde tuu trung la:
dia diem va mat bang gdc, vat lieu gdc, nghe thuiit gdc. ky thuat gdc. thiet ke gdc can luu
KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHt HA NAM
KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN V A N
y day du trong khi tu bd tdn tao di tich.
- Hien nay viec quan ly di tich nho hgc deu giao cho Uy ban nhan dcin xa, phuang, thi Iran. Cap hanh ehinh niiy da thimh lap ban quim ly di tich, bao gdm ca di tich nho hgc do Phd Chii tich Uy ban nhan dan linn Trudfng ban, thiinh vien cimg: Van hda thdng tin, Cdng an, Uy ban Milt Iran Td qude. Hpi Nguai cao tuoi.
Ban cd quy che boat dpng giao nhiem vu cu the cho tiing thanh vien.
O thdn, xdm thanh lap tieu ban bao ve di tieh do Truang thdn. xdm lii Trudng tieu ban. Mdi di tich deu cir nguai trdng nom vii cd bang npi quy biio ve di tieh.
III. Cong tac phat huy gia trj di tich nho hoc
Phiit buy gia tri di tich nho hgc lii edng viec lau diii, ehung tdi chi xin neu van tiit mpt sd ket qua da dat dugc trong thdi gian qua.
- Tuyen truyen giai thieu di lich lich sir van hda ndi ehung va di tich nho hgc ndi ricMig bang viec xuat ban cac an phiini. Dii xuiit ban cac cudn sach: "Pla Nam di tich vii danh tliang"\ "Nhiin viit ljch sir - viin hda Pla Nam"", "Dja chi 1 lii Nam"", '" Pu}'cn lap bia vim tir, van ehi Hii Nam"" \a nhieu bai viet gidfi thieu di tieh, tit;n sy nho hgc dang tren tap chi cae dja phuong \ li Trung uang.
- Td chu'c le hpi a cae di tich thd tien sy nho hgc vai ciic boat dpng phong phii, da dang tl le, rirac xaeli. trd choi diin gian thu hilt ddng dao cite tiing ldp nhiin diin \'a kliiich thiip phuang.
- 0 ciic dja phuang cdn \'an tir. \'aii clii va mpt so noi luu tni \'an bia. noi phdi thd Khdng Tir. Tir phdi. ngoai vipc tien himh nghi thirc cung le viio ciic tuiin tiet da td chirc trao giai thirang dpng vien con em trong liing dat thiinh tich cao trong hgc tap, thi cii nin hnen tai nai thd tir. noi luu liiii bia./.
Ong mat - loai con trung... Tiep trang 22 Siia chua cd nliieu Vitamin nhdm B can cho su chuyen hda ciia co the, giup cho viec hinh thanh te bao mai. Ngoai ra, sira chiia cdn cd cac chat khoang. bode mon sinli trudng kich thich hoat dpng sinh ly, sixa chiia cdn cd tinh diet khuan va kliang kliuan. Sua chua cd tac dung bdi dudng sire khde, ddng thdi cd the chua dugc cac benh chain lan eiia tre em, cac benh tim mach ciia ngudi gia nhu sa ciing dpng mach. dau that timg con, than kinh suy iihuge, gan, da day, tim, dudfng rupt, phdng ung thu, phdng xay ra cac tac dung phu, khdi pliiic sue klide nlianli. Nhieu ngudfi ggi sii'a ong chua la thudc trud'ng thg.
3. Phiin hoa
Phan hoa dugc giai dinli dudfiig ggi la
"thiic iin tiie ky". "thuc pham sii'c khde hoan thien nhiit". Phiin hoa cd tac dung tang cudng the lire, tri tue, tao ra su hung phan va sang khoiii, lam tang ve dep cua da, giu dugc sire kJide tre trung liiu dai.
4. Keo ong
Keo ong lii loai hgp chat do ong mat hiit tir Clie imini eiiy iion, riit cd tac dung sat triing, giu gin dugc lim da, liim lanh vet thuang, tang cuang klui nang mien ljch cho co the.
5. Slip ong
Sap ong dugc dimg linn my phtim, kem xoa mat, son mdi, thudc duang tde... diing trong san xuat day da, may mac.
Tdm lai: Mat ong la nguyen lieu, quan trgng klidng the thieu trong y duge va cdng ndng nghiep. Mat ong la san pham dinli duang quy bau ciia thien nliien da ban tang cho con ngudfi (klidng mpt nha may hien dai nao cd the che tao ra mat ong dugc). Diing mat ong la biet each cham sdc bao ve sire klide, giup con ngudfi klide niaiili, day liii su lao hda, keo dai tudi thanli xuan, cupc sdng them tuoi dep, limh manh va nggt ngao lion./.
